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第02讲完形填空——说明文和议论文(复习讲义)(全国通用)(教师版)_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2026年_2026年高考英语一轮复习讲义+练习+课件(新教材新高考)-G55_2026版_第三部分题型

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第02 讲  完形填空——说明文和议论文
目录
01 
考情解码·命题预警2
02 体系构建·思维可视.........................................................................................................................3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.........................................................................................................................4
考点一  利用文章首段的观点或看法解题..............................................................................4
知识点1  说明文完形填空的特点..............................................................................................4
知识点2  议论文完形填空的特点..............................................................................................5
  知识点3  利用文章首段的观点或看法解题..............................................................................6 
考点二  注重文章尾段的结论解题.................................................................................................8
知识点 注重文章尾段的结论解题...............................................................................................8
考向   注重文章尾段的结论解题...............................................................................................8
考点三 利用段落主题句解题....................................................................................................9
考点四 利用说明顺序解题.............................................................................................................11
04 真题溯源·考向感知....................................................................................................................13
完形填空之说明文和议论文
考
点
目标
要求
年
份
卷别
体裁
主题
文
章
词
数
考情分析
完
形
填
空
之
说
明
文
和
议
论
文
考查
在具
体语
境中
理解
词语
表达
的得
体性
和准
确性
2
0
2
2
全国
乙卷
说明文
人际关系
254
根据新高考三年的考情分
析,完形填空说明文和议论文主要
集中考查:动词及动词短语、名
词、形容词、副词等实词在完形填
空语篇中的得体性和准确性。但它
们更注重考查文章的逻辑性和文章
结构。
2026 年高考很有可能考说明
文或议论文。近几年一直在考记叙
文,为了避免思维定式,26 年考
说明文的可能性更大。
2
0
2
2
浙江
卷
议论文
人与自我——诚信
266
 考点一 利用文章首段的观点或看法解题 
知识点1  说明文完形填空的特点
文体特征
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填
空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为:
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系,选择正确
答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运
动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
应试策略
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项,进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词
较多,而题材又比较广泛,所以阅读时,首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构,理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比
较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持
句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的
基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵意义,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服"思维定势",根据全文大意和词不
离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法,遵循四个原则:
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发,从大处着手,避免孤立地分析每一空格,造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中,逻辑推理非常重要,有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确,但是有的是
不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多,需要熟练掌握,才能做好此类题目。
知识点2  议论文完形填空的特点
文体特征
议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点
的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过程与方法),这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题
——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即what)、本论(分
析问题,即why)和结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结构模式又有以下三种:  
模式一:引言段(提出观点)——正方论点心(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者
的观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建
议)   在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序
排列,最有力、最重要的论点在最后面,以示强调。  
模式二:引言段(提出观点)——反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点1(支持作者观点的
较弱论点)、正方论点2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结
论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)  
在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,以后各部分
仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。  
模式三:引言段(提出观点)——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论
点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)  
在这种模式中,作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。
议论文有自己的语言个性,它不同于记叙文的生动形象,也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体
事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述,因此,它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时,它的语言也
很准确,合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用,诸如since(既然),now that(既然),therefore(因而),in 
that case(在那种情况下),so(所以),It follows that…(因而…),If…,we may conclude that …(如
果……,我们可以这样下结论……),Should it be the case (如果是这样的话……),Idon’t want 
to…,but…(我并不想……),It is true that…,but…(诚然……但是……),Even if …(即使……)等有辩论
和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构,以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外,作者的写作态度一般也较诚
恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气,不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,
在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should 等情态动词。
应试策略
技巧一  把握首句
      议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论
点。
技巧二  依据结构查论点
文章论点提出一般有以下三种。
开门见山:直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证,最后总结全文。
抛砖引玉:先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后
得出结论。
文末总结:先列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论。
技巧三  末段结论
议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应。
知识点3  利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
说明文和议论文有一个共同特点,文章的首段总是提出要说明的事实或结论或提出论点或提出要解决
的问题。根据文章作者提出的结论或论点,可以比较清晰的感悟作者的写作态度和目的,而下文将对其进
行详细的说明或进行论证。明察作者的写作思路和态度就能一连串的解决首段一系列的问题,它们是相辅
相成的。
考向  利用文章首段的观点或看法解题
例 (2025·江西省九江市高三一模)
If you want to stand out, 10,000 hours of training will take you much further than your natural abilities. 
Mozart is considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived. Traditionally, many people     1 
 
outstanding achievements like Mozart’s are due to talent, or even inborn inspiration or     2    .
This assumption holds especially true for child prodigies (神童) like Mozart whose music talent     3 
 
the world at the age of six. But looking more    4     at this phenomenon, we find that these individuals actually 
had to practice countless hours before showing their     5     remarkable talent. In fact, scientists indicate that a 
prodigy’s training typically     6     at a very early age, with massive time invested in practice.
1.A.admit
B.assume
C.realize
D.hope
2.A.motivation
B.progress
C.fate
D.determination
3.A.amazed
B.excited
C.questioned
D.scared
4.A.slowly
B.hurriedly
C.widely
D.closely
5.A.old-fashioned
B.so-called
C.well-organized
D.newly-discovered
6.A.begins
B.exists
C.ends
D.grows
【答案】1.B   2.C    3.A   4.D    5.B   6.A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要通过讨论和分析莫扎特等天才的例子,来论证一个观点,即出色的能力
并非仅来源于天赋,而是需要大量的严格练习。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意:传统上,许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋,甚至是天生的
灵感或命运。A. admit 承认;B. assume 认为;C. realize 认识到;D. hope 希望。根据前文“Mozart is 
considered by many as the greatest composer who ever lived.”可知,莫扎特被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的
作曲家,所以许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋。故选B 项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:传统上,许多人认为像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋,甚至是天生的
灵感或命运。A. motivation 动机;B. progress 进展;C. fate 命运;D. determination 决心。根据前文“due to 
talent, or even inborn inspiration or”可知,空处和talent 以及inborn inspiration 并列,结合选项,应是“fate
命运
符合语境。故选
”
C 项。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这种假设对于像莫扎特这样的神童来说尤其正确,他的音乐天赋在6 岁时
就让世界惊叹不已。A. amazed 使惊奇;B. excited 使兴奋;C. questioned 质询;D. scared 使害怕。根据后
文“the world at the age of six.”可知,6 岁展现的天赋应是让世界惊叹不已。故选A 项。
4.考查副词词义辨析。句意:但仔细观察这一现象,我们发现这些人实际上必须练习无数个小时才能展
示他们所谓的非凡才能。A. slowly 缓慢地;B. hurriedly 匆匆忙忙地;C. widely 广泛地;D. closely 紧密地。
根据后文“we find that these individuals actually had to practice countless hours before showing their   
   
 
remarkable talent.”可知,发现了一个结论,应是仔细观察这一现象才可以得出。故选D 项。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但仔细观察这一现象,我们发现这些人实际上必须练习无数个小时才能
展示他们所谓的非凡才能。A. old-fashioned 过时的;B. so-called 所谓的;C. well-organized 有序的;
D.  newly-discovered 新发现的。根据主语“these individuals”可知,这些人指的是前文提到的神童,所以应
是他们
所谓的非凡才能
符合语境。故选
“
”
B 项。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:事实上,科学家指出,神童的训练通常在很小的时候就开始了,并投入了
大量的时间在练习上。A. begins 开始;B. exists 存在;C. ends 结束;D. grows 生长。根据后文“with 
massive time invested in practice”可知,投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以是训练很早就开始了。故选A 项。
【变式训练·变载体】(2025·辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高三第二次质量监测节选) 
Reducing the use of plastic is a balance between what you can afford and what you can get. I’ve ___
 
 4  1___
 
  a 
lot from a plastic-free lifestyle. It helps me ___
 
 4  2___
 
  my carbon footprint and save money. 
41.A.heard
B.benefited
C.received
D.suffered
42.A.record
B.rebuild
C.reduce
D.recall
【答案】BC
【解析】B 根据下文“save money(省钱)”,可知作者从无塑料的生活方式中
获益
“
”。A. heard 听说;B. 
benefited 受益;C. received 收到;D. suffered 遭受。故选B。
42.C 根据前文“I’ve benefit a lot from a plastic-free lifestyle. (我从无塑料的生活方式中受益良多。)”可知是
减少
碳足迹
“
”
.A. record 记录;B. rebuild 重建;C. reduce 减少;D. recall 召回。故选C。
 考点二 注重文章尾段的结论解题
知识点  注重文章尾段的结论解题
明文和议论文的尾段往往给我们传递非常重要的信息,常常是议论文得出的结论,而这个结论往往也
是积极向上的,说明文会在尾段进一步总结,它们能反映作者的态度和情感。因此,利用好尾段信息对完
形填空解题很有帮助。
考向  注重文章尾段的结论解题
例(2025·河南省洛阳市高三开学联考)
Thankfully, the gender    13    has improved since I first started. Now, I have several female engineers 
working in my team. As the head, I get a thrill from    14    people in roles and on projects according to their 
abilities and seeing them achieve great results. Helping a person    15    by focusing on her strengths gives me 
a huge amount of satisfaction.
13.A.characteristic
B.role
C.balance
D.preference
14.A.placing
B.inspiring
C.concerning
D.updating
15.A.explore
B.develop
C.compete
D.qualify
【答案】13.C    14.A    15.B
【解析】13.考查名词词义辨析。句意:值得庆幸的是,自从我开始工作以来,性别平衡已经有所改善。
A. characteristic 特点;B. role 角色;C. balance 平衡;D. preference 偏爱。根据下文“Now, I have several 
female engineers working in my team.”可知,现在作者的团队里已经不止一个女性了,也就是说性别平衡已
经有所改善。故选C。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为主管,根据人们的能力分配他们的角色和项目,并看到他们取得了巨
大的成果,这让我感到兴奋。A. placing 放置;B. inspiring 激励;C. concerning 与……有关;D. updating 更
新。根据下文“in roles and on projects according to their abilities”可知,是根据人们的能力将人们分配不同
的角色和项目。故选A。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:通过关注一个人的优势来帮助她发展,这给了我巨大的满足感。A. explore
探索;B. develop 发展;C. compete 完成;D. qualify 取得资格。根据上文“As the head, I get a thrill 
from___14___people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results.”可
知,作者看到了别人的优点而给他们分配了适合的角色和项目,并看到他们取得了巨大的成就。由此可知,
作者是通过关注一个人的优势而帮助她发展。故选B。
本文中的Helping a person develop by focusing on her strengths gives me a huge amount of satisfaction.就
是文章的结论,文章的中心句。
【变式训练·变载体】(2024·安徽省皖豫联盟毕业班第二次联考节选) That message   28   to a man named 
Evan Williams. In 2005 he developed an APP called Odeo. Not many people used it. It was a big   29  , but 
Williams wasn’t upset.   30  , he learned from his mistakes and kept working hard. A few years later, he helped 
create one of the biggest social media sites ever: Twitter.
 28.A.related
B.applied
C.switched
D.objected
29.A.hit
B.disappointment
C.relief
D.reminder
30.A.Instead
B.Moreover
C.Meanwhile
D.Therefore
【答案】28.B    29.B    30.A
【解析】28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这一点适用于一个名叫Evan Williams 的人。A. related 联系;B. 
applied 应用,申请;C. switched 转换;D. objected 反对。下文“he learned from his mistakes and kept 
working hard”提到Evan Williams 从错误中吸取教训,继续努力工作,故此处指
失败并不意味着停止努
“
力
这一点适用于
”
Evan Williams,故选B。
29.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这是一个很大的失望,但Williams 并不沮丧。A. hit 打,击中;B. 
disappointment 失望;C. relief 解脱,宽慰;D. reminder 提醒。根据上文“In 2005 he developed an APP called 
Odeo. Not many people used it.(2005 年,他开发了一款名为Odeo 的APP。没有多少人使用它)”可知,开发
的APP 使用人数不多,这是令人失望的事情,故选B。
30.考查副词词义辨析。句意:相反,他从错误中吸取教训,继续努力工作。A. Instead 相反;B. Moreover
此外;C. Meanwhile 同时;D. Therefore 因此。上文“but Williams wasn’t upset”提到Williams 没有沮丧,结
合下文“he learned from his mistakes and kept working hard”可知,Instead“相反
能够连接上下文的逻辑关
”
系,故选A。
 考点三 利用段落主题句解题
知识点  利用段落主题句解题
说明文和议论文的语言组织结构很严谨,句子之间的逻辑关系紧凑,层次分明。因此,段落中的主题
句总是统领整个段落,段中的所有的说明和论述都会围绕题展开。所以,整段内的选项要侧重主题句的思
想选择,这样成功率很高。
考向  利用段落主题句解题
例 (2023·江苏省南京市第三中学模拟节选)Be someone else. Look at the situation from a _____53_____ 
point of view. Good writers use this technique. Fiction writers often imagine they are the _____54_____ in their 
books. If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their _____55_____. The best fishermen think like fish!
53.A.personal
B.global
C.different
D.positive
54.A.features
B.themes
C.creatures
D.characters
55.A.locations
B.positions
C.images
D.impressions
【答案】CDB 
【解析】53.C 根据上文的Be someone else.可知,此处是指站在他人的角度看待问题,即不同的视角。A. 
personal 个人的;B. global 全球的;C. different 不同的;D. positive 积极的。故选C。
54.D 根据上文的Be someone else.和常识可知,小说家常常把自己当作书中的角色。A. features 特点;B. 
themes 主题;C. creatures 生物;D. characters 角色。故选D。
55.根据下文的The best fishermen think like fish!可知,渔民把自己放在了鱼的位置,故此处用
位置
符
“
”
合语境。A. locations 定位;B. positions 位置;C. images 形象;D. impressions 印象。故选B。
【提醒】此处Be someone else 是主题句,后面的选项都统领在其语境的范围内,都侧重主题句的方
向选即可。
【变式训练】(河南省洛阳市等三地名校高三上学期开学联考)The biggest challenge I have faced in my 
career is being a woman in a male-dominated profession. When I started working, I was the only female engineer 
in my division. Though I was as    
 
 1  0    
 
 as my colleagues, it was tough to get them to accept me as their    
 
 1  1   
. Instead of feeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect.     
 
 1  2    
 
 , 
they accepted me.
10.A.stubborn
B.humorous
C.capable
D.realistic
11.A.equal
B.opponent
C.contemporary
D.friend
12.A.Occasionally
B.Originally
C.Frequently
D.Eventually
【答案】10.C    11.A    12.D 
【解析】10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然我和我的同事一样有能力,但要让他们平等对待我却很难。
A. stubborn 顽固的;B. humorous 幽默的;C. capable 有能力的;D. realistic 现实的。根据下文“Instead of 
feeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. ___12___, they accepted 
me.”可知,作者没有感到沮丧,反而继续专注自己的优点,从而获得同事的尊重。由此可知,作者虽然有
能力,却因为这个行业是男性主导而不被平等对待。故选C。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然我和我的同事一样有能力,但要让他们平等对待我却很难。A. equal
平等;B. opponent 对手;C. contemporary 同龄人;D. friend 朋友。根据下文“Instead of feeling upset, I 
chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. ___12___, they accepted me.”可知,作
者没有感到沮丧,反而继续专注自己的优点,从而获得同事的尊重。由此可知,最初同事是不能平等对待
作者的。故选A。
12.考查副词词义辨析。句意:最终,他们接受了我。A. Occasionally 偶尔地;B. Originally 起初;C. 
Frequently 频繁地;D. Eventually 最终。根据空后“they accepted me.”可知,通过作者的努力,最终同事接
受了自己。根据故选D。
 【提醒】The biggest challenge I have faced in my career is being a woman in a male-dominated profession. 是
主题句
 考点四 利用说明顺序解题
知识点  利用说明顺序解题
利用说明顺序(即逻辑顺序、时间顺序、空间顺序等)解英语完形填空时,可以遵循以下系统方法:
1. 通读全文,把握说明结构
目的:快速理解文章主题和说明逻辑(如因果、步骤、对比等)。
技巧:重点读首段、尾段及每段首句,标注关键词(如first, however, therefore 等)。
2. 分析空格上下文逻辑
时间顺序:空格处可能需填时间标志词(before, after, finally)或动词时态。
例:若前文是"First, heat the water",后文可能是"Next, add the tea leaves."
因果顺序:空格可能是结果(thus, consequently)或原因(due to, because)。
对比/递进:注意however, similarly, moreover 等逻辑词。
3.常见考点总结
说明顺序类型
典型线索词
解题方向
时间顺序
first, then, finally
填时间副词或动作顺序词
说明顺序类型
典型线索词
解题方向
因果顺序
because, so, therefore
填原因/结果相关词
对比顺序
but, however, whereas
填反义词或转折词
举例顺序
for example, such as
填具体事例或概括词
考向  利用说明顺序解题
例1(2025·黑龙江省大庆外国语学校高三第一次教学质量检测)
After studying architecture in Chaux-de-Fonds, the young Le Corbusier     
 
 4      
 
  his hometown, 
travelling to Italy then on to Budapest and Vienna. He     
 
 5      
 
  came to Paris and settled there for years. Later, 
he learned German in order to     
 
 6      
 
  a job in the Berlin office of Peter Behrens, who is often referred to as 
the first ever industrial designer.
4.A.left
B.missed
C.remember
D.mentioned
5.A.suddenly
B.eventually
C.secretly
D.casually
6.A.offer
B.arrange
C.cancel
D.land
【答案】4.A    5.B    6.D
【解析】4.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在拉绍德封学习建筑后,年轻的勒·柯布西耶离开了他的家乡,前
往意大利,然后前往布达佩斯和维也纳。A. left 离开;B. missed 错过;C. remember 记得;D. mentioned 提
及。根据下文“travelling to Italy then on to Budapest and Vienna”可知,柯布西耶前往意大利、布达佩斯和维
也纳,因此是离开了他的家乡。故选A。
5.考查副词词义辨析。句意:他最终来到巴黎,并在那里定居多年。A. suddenly 突然地;B. eventually 最
终;C. secretly 秘密地;D. casually 随意地。上文“the young Le Corbusier ____4____ his hometown, 
travelling to Italy then on to Budapest and Vienna”和下文“settled there for years”是按照时间顺序介绍柯布西
耶的个人经历,由此推知,此处指他最终来到巴黎并定居,。故选B。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:后来,为了在通常被称为史上第一个工业设计师的彼得·贝伦斯的柏林办公
室谋得一份工作,他学习了德语。A. offer 提供;B. arrange 安排;C. cancel 取消;D. land 谋得。根据上文
“he learned German”可知,柯布西耶学习了德语,再结合下文“a job in the Berlin office of Peter Behrens, 
who is often referred to as the first ever industrial designer”可推知,他学习德语的目的是在著名的彼得·贝伦斯
的柏林办公室谋得一份工作。故选D。
【变式训练】
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _______to live 
no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 
2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply 
cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 ______die .
1.A.designed           B. selected          C. improved           
D. discovered
2.A.completely         B. generally         C. apparently        
D. extremely
3.A.rapidly            B. harmlessly        C. endlessly          
D. separately
4.A.eventually         B. hopelessly         C. automatically          D. desperately
【答案】ADCA
【解析】1.此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120 岁。design“设计”。
2.根据上下文可知,此处表示110 岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的时间了——如果一个人极
其健康和幸运的话,extremely“极度,极其”。
3.这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖,所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止况地,无限地”。
4.get old 的最终结果就是死亡,因此用eventually 表示“最终”。
1.(2021 年天津卷)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ 
when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. 
After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike 
shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, 
and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He 
____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he 
would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have 
the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 
____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 
____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a 
material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings 
of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is 
certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 
____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed
B. mad
C. curious
D. frightened
17. A. emotions
B. career
C. opinions
D. route
18. A. ever
B. together
C. instead
D. yet
19. A. ride
B. lock
C. repair
D. replace
20. A. lack
B. variety
C. increase
D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification
C. transportation
D. permission
22. A. came up with
B. stuck to
C. gave up
D. broke away from
23. A. remembered
B. refused
C. hesitated
D. offered
24. A. by accident
B. in advance
C. for free
D. on credit
25. A. profit
B. budget
C. courage
D. excuse
26. A. shared
B. used
C. expensive
D. modern
27. A. enquiries
B. advertisements C. notices
D. announcements
28. A. exported
B. sold
C. lent
D. returned
29. A. hardly
B. slightly
C. truly
D. instantly
30. A. Without
B. Beyond
C. Upon
D. Among
31. A. practical
B. commercial
C. mathematical
D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However
C. Somehow
D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise
B. celebration
C. comfort
D. experience
34. A. competitionB. service
C. ceremony
D. suggestion
35. A. compromise
B. impression
C. impact
D. progress
【答案】16. B    17. A    18. C    19. D    20. A    21. C    22. A    23. D    24. C    25. B  26. 
B  27. A  28. D   29. C    30. C    31. A    32. D    33. D    34. B    35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt 在自己的自行车被偷后,想出了给人免费修车的计
划。他把这一计划发布到了网上,主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行
车,他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的
孩子们免费修车,得到了邻居的赞赏。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Robbie Pruitt 承认,去年9 月发现他的山地车被盗时,他很生气。A. 
amazed 惊讶的;B. mad 生气的;C. curious 好奇的;D. frightened 害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his 
anger”可知发现车被偷,Robbie Pruitt 当时很生气。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但很快,他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions 情绪;B. career 事业;C. 
opinions 观点;D. route 路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a 
road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt 从生气沮丧变成了同情,情绪发生了变化。故选A。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意:在放下愤怒和沮丧之后,他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever 曾经;B. 
together 一起;C. instead 相反;D. yet 然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知,发现
自己的车被偷,Robbie Pruitt 放下愤怒和沮丧,反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt 来说,第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行
车。A. ride 骑车;B. lock 锁上;C. repair 修理;D. replace 取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he 
went bike shopping”可知车被偷,Pruitt 要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但当他去买自行车时,发现几乎没有自行车,这让他想到:如果缺少自行车
与Covid-19 有关,如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢?A. lack 缺乏;B. variety 多样;C. 
increase 增加;D. quality 质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但当他去买自行车时,发现几乎没有自行车,这让他想到:如果缺少自行车
与Covid-19 有关,如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢?A. instruction 指令;B. qualification 资
格;C. transportation 运输工具;D. permission 允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知,Pruitt 猜
测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
22.考查动词短语辨析。句意:带着这个想法,Pruitt 想出了一个计划,并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. 
came up with 提出;B. stuck to 坚持;C. gave up 放弃;D. broke away from 突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and 
posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划,come up with 符合语境。故选A。
23.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered 记得;B. 
refused 拒绝;C. hesitated 犹豫;D. offered 提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed 
it”指Pruitt 提议为他人免费修车,offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事
。故选
”
D。
24.考查固定短语辨析。句意:他还想要一些没人要的自行车,他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident 偶
然;B. in advance 提前;C. for free 免费;D. on credit 赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都
是免费的。故选C。
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit 利润;
B. budget 预算;C. courage 勇气;D. excuse 借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have 
the…to buy one”可知,Pruitt 捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够,买不起的人,but 表示转折,说明预
算紧张。故选B。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这一帖子发布当天,Pruitt 收到了30 辆二手自行车。A. shared 共享的;B. 
used 二手的;C. expensive 昂贵的;D. modern 现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知,
Pruitt 也回收不想要的二手车,所以在帖子发布当天收到了30 辆二手自行车。故选B。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后就来了500 多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries 询问;B. 
advertisements 广告;C. notices 通知;D. announcements 公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询
问详细信息的询问。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:到2020 年底,Pruitt 已经修复了140 多件自行车,这些自行车要么捐赠,要
么返还原主。A. exported 出口;B. sold 出售;C. lent 借给;D. returned 返回,返还。结合后文“to their 
owners”指修好的车返还给主人,return 符合语境。故选D。
29.考查副词词义辨析。句意:Pruitt 试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly 几乎
不;B. slightly 轻微地;C. truly 真实地;D. instantly 立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指
Pruitt 的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
30.考查介词词义辨析。句意:在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上,他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理
自行车的机会。A. Without 除了;B. Beyond 越过;C. Upon 在……上;D. Among 在……中间。结合后文
“simply satisfying a material need”表示
在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上
应用介词
“
”
upon。故选C。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:除了实用技能,Pruitt 的课程还教授团队合作,鼓励自我价值,促进社区
感觉。A. practical 实际的;B. commercial 商业的;C. mathematical 数学的;D. social 社会的。根据上文
“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知,Pruitt 为
邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会,即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
32.考查副词词义辨析。句意:同时,孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise 否则;B. However 然而;C. 
Somehow 不知怎么;D. Meanwhile 同时。根据前后文语境,可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt 的课程,学到了实
用技能,同时还有了一种成就感,Meanwhile 符合语境。故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说:
对孩子们来说,这真是一次很棒的经
“
历。”A. promise 承诺;B. celebration 庆祝;C. comfort 安慰;D. experience 经历。根据语境,参与Pruitt 的
课程对孩子们来说,是一次经历。故选D。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Pruitt 当然会提供服务,但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition 比赛;B. service
服务;C. ceremony 典礼;D. suggestion 建议。结合上文可知,Pruitt 为人们免费修车,还为社区的孩子教
授如何修车,所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意:而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise 妥协;B. impression 印象;C. 
impact 影响;D. progress 进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影
响
。故选
”
C。
2.(2015 年安徽卷)
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The    71    is that 
countries around the world have growing mountains of    72    because people are throwing out more rubbish 
than ever before.
How did we    73    a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to    74    an object than to 
spend time and money to repair it.    75    modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able 
to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and    76   .
Another cause is our    77   of disposable (一次性的) products. As    78    people, we are always 
looking for    79    to save time and make our lives easier. Companies     80     thousands of different 
kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also     81     to the problem. We are     82     buying new things. 
Advertisements persuade us that     83     is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The 
result is that we     84     useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the     85     of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep 
getting bigger. To     86     the amount of rubbish and to protect the     87    , more governments are 
requiring people to recycle materials.     88    , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions     89     throwing them away. We also 
need to rethink our attitudes about     90    . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may 
be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
71.A.key
B.reason
C.project
D.problem
72.A.gifts
B.rubbish
C.debt
D.products
73.A.face
B.become
C.observe
D.change
74.A.hide
B.control
C.replace
D.withdraw
75.A.Thanks to
B.As to
C.Except for
D.Regardless of
76.A.safe
B.funny
C.cheap
D.powerful
77.A.love
B.lack
C.prevention
D.division
78.A.sensitive
B.kind
C.brave
D.busy
79.A.ways
B.places
C.jobs
D.friends
80.A.donate
B.receive
C.produce
D.preserve
81.A.adapts
B.returns
C.responds
D.contributes
82.A.tired of
B.addicted to
C.worried about
D.ashamed for
83.A.newer
B.stronger
C.higher
D.larger
84.A.pick up
B.pay for
C.hold onto
D.throw away
85.A.advantages
B.purposes
C.functions
D.consequences
86.A.show
B.record
C.decrease
D.measure
87.A.technology
B.environment
C.consumers
D.brands
88.A.However
B.Otherwise
C.Therefore
D.Meanwhile
89.A.by
B.in favour of
C.after
D.instead of
90.A.spending
B.collecting
C.repairing
D.advertising
【答案】71.D    72.B    73.B    74.C    75.A    76.C    77.A    78.D    79.A    
80.C    81.D    82.B    83.A    84.D    85.D    86.C    87.B    88.A    89.D   
90.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展,人们
倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西,以新物品取而代之。而且,包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时,也给
环境带来很大的压力。
71.考查名词词义辨析。句意:问题是,世界各国的垃圾堆积如山,因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候
都多。A. key 答案;B. reason 原因;C. project 项目;D. problem 问题。根据上文In our modern world, 
when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知,此处指带来的问题。故选D。
72.考查名词词义辨析。句意:问题是,世界各国的垃圾堆积如山,因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候
都多。A. gifts 礼物;B. rubbish 垃圾;C. debt 债务;D. products 产品。根据下文中的throwing out more 
rubbish 可知,此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。
73.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的?A. face 面对;B. become 成为;C. 
observe 观察;D. change 改变。根据语境可知,此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。
74.考查动词词义辨析。句意:首先,现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。A. hide 隐
藏;B. control 控制;C. replace 代替;D. withdraw 撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to 
repair it.可知,我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。
75.考查介词短语辨析。句意:由于现代制造业和技术,公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to
幸亏,由于; B. As to 至于,关于;C. Except for 除……之外;D. Regardless of 不管,不顾。根据句意
可知,此处表示原因。故选A。
76.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe 安全的;B. funny 滑稽可笑的;C. 
cheap 便宜的;D. powerful 强大的,强有力的。根据上文  
  5  
    modern manufacturing (制造业)and 
technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知,产品丰富多样并且廉
价。故选C。
77.考查名词词义辨析。句意:另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love 爱;B. lack 缺乏;C. 
prevention 预防,阻止;D. division 部门,分割。根据下文As   
 
 8  
    people, we are always looking 
for   
 
 9   
 
  to save time and make our lives easier.可知,我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。
78.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:作为忙碌的人,我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方
法。A. sensitive 敏感的;B. kind 和蔼的;C. brave 勇敢的;D. busy 忙碌的。根据下文to save time and 
make our lives easier 可知,忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。
79.考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为忙碌的人,我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。
A. ways 方法;B. places 地方;C. jobs 工作;D. friends 朋友。根据语境可知,此处指我们总是在寻找节
省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。
80.考查动词词义辨析。句意:公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品:纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等
等。A. donate 捐赠;B. receive 收到;C. produce 生产;D. preserve 保护,维持。根据语境可知,此处指
公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。
81.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to 适应;改编;B. 
returns to 返回;回复;C. responds to 对……做出反应;D. contributes to 有助于,导致。根据语境可知,
此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。
82.考查形容词短语辨析。句意:我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of 对……厌倦;B. addicted to 对……
上瘾,迷恋于……;C. worried about 担心;D. ashamed for 为……感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for 
new products also   
  11
   
    to the problem.可知,我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。
83.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:广告说服我们,越新越好,我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer 更新
的;B. stronger 更强的;C. higher 更高的;D. larger 更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the 
latest products.可知,广告说服我们,产品越新越好。故选A。
84.考查动词短语辨析。句意:结果是,我们扔掉有用的东西,为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up 捡起,
学会;B. pay for 付款;赔偿;C. hold onto 紧紧抓住,抓住不放,保持住;D. throw away 扔掉,丢弃。
根据下文to make room for new ones.可知,此处指扔掉有用的东西,为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。
85.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在世界各地,我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. advantages 优
势,优点;B. purposes 目的;C. functions 功能;D. consequences 后果,结果。根据下文Mountains of 
rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知,此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。
86.考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境,越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A. 
show 显示,表明;B. record 记录,记载;C. decrease 减少;D. measure 测量,权衡。根据下文more 
governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知,此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。
87.考查名词词义辨析。句意:A. technology 技术;B. environment 环境;C. consumers 消费者;D. 
brands 品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知,此处指保护环
境。故选B。
88.考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However 可是,然而;B. 
Otherwise 否则;C.Therefore 所以;D. Meanwhile 与此同时。根据语境可知,前后是转折关系。故选A。
89.考查介词(短语)辨析。句意:我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by 通过;B. in favour of
支持,赞成;C. after 在……之后;D. instead of 而不是。根据语境可知,前后是对比关系。故选D。
90.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending 消费;B. collecting
收集;C. repairing 修复;D. advertising 作广告。根据语境可知,此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选
A。
3.(2013 年广东卷)
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a    21   , in number. Human beings 
are born with this ability.     22    , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds 
have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not    23   However, if you 
remove two, the bird    24    leaves. This means that the bird knows the    25    between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's    26    number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of 
a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not    27 
until the man left the tower. The man had an    28   . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left 
and the other stayed, but they did not    29    the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The 
experiment was     30    with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until 
all the men were     31    . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were     32 
able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old 
almost always notice if something is taken away from a    33    group. But when the number goes beyond three 
or four, the children are     34     fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our 
human    35    is not much better than a crow's.
21.A.rise
B.pattern
C.change
D.trend
22.A.Importantly
B.Surprisingly
C.Disappointedly
D.Fortunately
23.A.survive
B.care
C.hatch
D.notice
24.A.generally
B.sincerely
C.casually
D.deliberately
25.A.distance
B.range
C.different
D.interval
26.A.amazing
B.annoying
C.satisfying
D.disturbing
27.A.relax
B.recover
C.react
D.return
28.A.appointment
B.excuse
C.idea
D.explanation
29.A.fool
B.hurt
C.catch
D.kill
30.A.reported
B.repeated
C.designed
D.approved
31.A.confused
B.gone
C.tired
D.drunk
32.A.gradually
B.luckily
C.strangely
D.finally
33.A.single
B.small
C.local
D.new
34.A.seldom
B.temporarily
C.merely
D.often
35.A.sight
B.nature
C.ability
D.belief
【答案】21.C    22.B    23.D    24.A    25.C    26.A    27.D    28.C    29.A    
30.B    31.B    32.D    33.B    34.D    35.C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验证明了鸟类在一定范围内也有和人类一样的感知数字变化的能
力。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这是意识到在数字方面改变的一种能力。A. rise 上升;B. pattern 模式;C. 
change 改变;D. trend 趋向。 根据下文的“For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four 
eggs and you remove one”可知,此处是指意识到数字方面改变的一种能力。故选C。
22.考查副词词义辨析。句意:令人吃惊的是,很多动物也有这方面的能力。A. Importantly 重要地;B. 
Surprisingly 令人吃惊地;C. Disappointedly 失望地;D. Fortunately 幸运地。根据上下文句意,此处表示惊
讶,居然动物也具有这种能力。故选B。
23.考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果一个巢里面有4 个蛋,你拿走了一个,鸟是不会注意到的。A. survive
幸存;B. care 关心,在乎;C. hatch 孵化;D. notice 注意到。根据下文的“For example, babies about 
fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a   
  13
   
    group.”可知,此处是
指拿走一个蛋,鸟不会注意到。notice 是原词复现。故选D。
24.考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,当你拿走两个时,鸟普遍会离开。A. generally 普遍;B. sincerely 衷
心地;C. casually 随意地;D. deliberately 故意地。根据句意可知,此处是指如果被拿走的鸟蛋较多,鸟会
注意到,遇到这种情况,鸟普遍会离开巢。故选A。
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这意味着鸟知道二和三的不同。A. distance 距离;B. range 范围;C. 
difference 不同;D. interval 间隔。结合上文给出的例子可知,鸟知道巢里面是两个还是三个蛋,即它们能
分出二和三的不同。故选C。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:另外一个有趣的实验展示了鸟惊人的数字感。A. amazing 令人吃惊的;
B. annoying 令人生气的;C. satisfying 令人满意的;D. disturbing 令人烦恼的。 结合下文给出的例子可知,
鸟类有一个令人吃惊的数字感,它们能辨别出小范围内数字的改变。故选A。
27.考查动词词义辨析。句意:直到这个人离开塔这只鸟才返回巢穴。A. relax 放松;B. recover 恢复;C. 
react 反应;D. return 返回。根据下文的“But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were  
  11
   
   
可知,此处是指等人离开了塔,鸟才返回巢中。故选
”
D。
28.考查名词词义辨析。句意:此人有了一个主意。A. appointment 约会;B. excuse 借口;C. idea 主意;
D. explanation 解释。根据下文的“He took another man with him to the tower.”可知,这是此人的一个主意。
故选C。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个人离开,而另一个留下来,但他们没有骗到这只鸟。A. fool 愚弄;B. 
hurt 伤害;C. catch 抓住;D. kill 杀死。结合语境和根据下文的“It was not until five men went into the tower 
and only four left that they were  
  12
   
   able to fool the crow.”可知,他们这样做是为了骗这只鸟。故选A。
30.考查动词词义辨析。句意:该实验用三人和四人又重复了两次。A. reported 报道;B. repeated 重复;
C. designed 设计;D. approved 赞同。结合上文可知,先是一个人参与实验,然后是两个人,现在是三个人
和四个人,因此是重复该实验。故选B。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但乌鸦直到所有人都离开后才回到巢穴。A. confused 困惑的;B. gone 消
失的;C. tired 劳累的;D. drunk 喝醉的。根据上文“The crow stayed away until the second man left, too.”可
知,此处只是等人离开乌鸦才回到巢穴。故选B。
32.考查副词词义辨析。句意:直到五个人进入塔内,四个人离开时他们才最终骗到这只乌鸦。A. 
gradually 逐渐地;B. luckily 幸运地;C. strangely 奇怪地;D. finally 最终。结合上文提到的几次实验可
知,此处是指到最后一次实验时,他们才最终骗到乌鸦。故选D。
33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:例如,如果某物从一小部分东西中被拿走时,14 个月左右大的孩子总是
可以注意到。A. single 单一的;B. small 小的;C. local 当地的;D. new 新的。根据下文的“But when the 
number goes beyond three or four, the children are   
  14
    
 
 fooled.”可知,此处是指东西数量较小时,数字的
变化14 个月左右大的孩子可以注意到。故选B。
34.考查副词词义辨析。句意:但当数字超过三或四时,这些孩子常常被骗。A. seldom 很少;B. 
temporarily 暂时;C. merely 仅仅;D. often 常常。根据but 表示转折,上文说孩子总是可以注意到小部分数
字变化,可知,此处是指如果数字超过三或四,孩子常常就注意不到变化了。故选D。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意:似乎数字感是我们和动物在这个世界上共有的东西,并且我们人类的能力
并不比一只乌鸦强多少。A. sight 视线,视野;B. nature 自然,本性;C. ability 能力;D. belief 信念。根据
上文的“Human beings are born with this ability.”可知,此处是指人类感知数字变化的能力。故选C。
4.(2010 年安徽卷)
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and 
offices mean that very    36    things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on    37   , 
and wonder why they are not satisfied   38   they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 
39   if you keep the following in mind.
    First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be    40   to use. The thickness of the pen is the 
most important characteristic (特征)   41   comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may 
comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a    42    hand and thicker fingers you may   43   a fatter pen. The 
length of a pen can   44   influence comfort. A pen that is too       45       can easily feeltop heavy and 
unstable.
    Then, the writing point of the pen should     46     the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in 
touch with the paper.     47     will make it possibly for you to create a     48     line of writing. The point 
should also be sensitive enough to      49     ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not 
block the     50     may leave drops of ink,     51     you pick the pen up and put it down again. 
     52     , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may     53     bad handwriting, but 
fine, delicate lines do not command     54     next to printed text, as,     55     , a signature on a printed 
letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36.A.many
B.few
C.pleasant
D.important
37.A.looks
B.reason
C.value
D.advantages
38.A.once
B.if
C.because
D.though
39.A.convenient
B.practical
C.strange
D.difficult
40.A.heavy
B.easy
C.hard
D.safe
41.A.taking
B.finding
C.determining
D.seeking
42.A.strong
B.weaker
C.smaller
D.larger
43.A.prefer
B.recommend
C.prepare
D.demand
44.A.hardly
B.also
C.never
D.still
45.A.thick
B.light
C.long
D.soft
46.A.change
B.allow
C.reduce
D.press
47.A.they
B.one
C.this
D.some
48.A.thin
B.rough
C.black
D.smooth
49.A.prevent
B.free
C.protect
D.remove
50.A.way
B.sight
C.flow
D.stream
51.A.so
B.as
C.and
D.yet
52.A.Meanwhile
B.Generally
C.Afterwards
D.Finally
53.A.show up
B.differ from
C.break down
D.compensate for
54.A.attention
B.support
C.respect
D.admission
55.A.at most
B.for example
C.in brief
D.on purpose
【答案】36.B    37.A    38.A    39.D    40.B    41.C    42.D    43.A    44.B    
45.C    46.B    47.C    48.D    49.A    50.C    51.B    52.D    53.D    54.A 
 
55.B
【解析】本文是说明文。许多人在使用钢笔的时候不知道什么样的笔才是好笔,在购买的时候只注重其外
表,忽略了好的钢笔所需的重要特点。本文给你在选购钢笔时提出了几点建议。
36.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:人们忽视了对钢笔的使用,尤其是当现代家庭和办公室内打印机的使用
意味着将几乎没有什么东西是手写的时候。A. many 许多;B. few 很少的;C. pleasant 令人高兴的;D. 
important 重要的。根据上文“Most people give little thought to the pens they write with”可知,人们忽视对钢
笔的使用,说明人们没多少时候要用钢笔。故选B。
37.考查名词词义辨析。句意:现实中,人们仅为了追求外表好看而买钢笔,想知道为什么他们一旦开始
使用它就不满意。A. looks 外貌;B. reason 原因;C. value 价值;D. advantages 好处。根据下文“they begin 
to use it”可知,人们买钢笔的时候只是追求外表好看,但是用的时候又不满意了。故选A。
38.考查连词词义辨析。句意:见第2 题详解。A. once 一旦;B. if 如果;C. because 因为;D. though 尽
管。根据这句话 “wonder why they are not satisfied  
  3  
   they begin to use it”上下文的意思可知,应该
使用once 引导条件状语从句。故选A。
39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,只要遵循以下几点,你将会发现买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不是什么
难事。A. convenient 方便的;B. practical 实用的;C. strange 奇怪的;D. difficult 困难的。根据下文“if you 
keep the following in mind.”可知,如果按照下文的建议,买到满意的钢笔就不难。故选D。
40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:首先,一支钢笔握在手中要感觉比较舒服,并且用起来不费力。A. 
heavy 重的;B. easy 不费力的;容易的;C. hard 困难的;D. safe 安全的。根据上文“a pen should fit 
comfortably in your hand”可知,这里指好的钢笔应该有的特点,所以是用起来很好用,不费力。故选B。
41.考查代词词义辨析。句意:钢笔的粗细程度是决定舒适程度的最重要的特征。A. taking 带走;B. 
finding 找到;C. determining 决定;D. seeking 寻找。根据下文“comfort”可知,这里指决定舒适度的是钢笔
的粗细程度。故选C。
42.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果你有一只较大的手,并且手指较粗,你或许更喜欢用一支粗大的铅
笔。A. strong 强壮的;B. weaker 弱的;C. smaller 小的;D. larger 大的。根据上文“Having a small hand and 
thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知,这句话是和上文构成对比,上文是小手,所以这里
应该是大手。故选D。
43.考查代词词义辨析。句意:见第7 题详解。A. prefer 更喜欢;B. recommend 推荐;C. prepare 准备;D. 
demand 要求。根据上文“Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知,
这句话是和上文构成对比,所以应该是小手粗指头的适合用细笔,大手更粗指头的更喜欢用粗笔。故选
A。
44.考查副词词义辨析。句意:钢笔的长度也影响使用的舒适度。A. hardly 几乎不;B. also 也;C. never
从不;D. still 仍然。根据上文“The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)     
comfort.”可知,上文提到钢笔的粗细,后文说的是其长度问题,所以上下文应是并列关系。故选B。
45.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:钢笔太长的话就很容易让人感到顶端过于沉重,写字时也不稳定。A. 
thick 厚的;B. light 轻的;C. long 长的;D. soft 软的。根据上文“The length of a pen can  
  9  
   influence 
comfort.”可知,上文提到钢笔的长度,所以接下来应该解释为什么适合的长度也很重要。故选C。
46.考查代词词义辨析。句意:然后,当钢笔和纸接触时,其笔尖应该是能让墨水流畅地流出。A. change
改变;B. allow 允许;C. reduce 减少;D. press 按压。根据下文“the ink to flow evenly”可知,这里指一支好
的钢笔的笔尖应该是允许墨水流畅地流出。故选B。
47.考查代词词义辨析。句意:这将使得你可以顺畅的书写变得可能。A. they 他们;B. one 一个;C. this
这个;D. some 一些。根据下文“will make it possibly for you to create a  
  13
   
   line of writing.”可知,能
完成这个要求的是上文提到的“Then, the writing point of the pen should  
  11
    
 
 the ink to flow evenly(均
匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper.”,指代上文的一句话,用动词this。故选C。
48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:见第12 题详解。A. thin 薄的;B. rough 粗糙的;C. black 黑色的;D. 
smooth 顺畅的,均匀的,光滑的。根据下文“line of writing”可知,这是指要在写字的时候,写出的线条是
连贯的,流畅的,均匀的。故选D。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意:好的钢笔的笔尖应该灵敏到一旦笔被提起来就可以阻止墨水继续流出来。
A. prevent 阻止;B. free 释放;C. protect 保护;D. remove 挪开,移走。根据下文“ink from running when 
the pen is lifted.”可知,这里指不写字的时候好钢笔应该有的特点:一旦笔尖离开纸面就能控制住墨水的流
出,而不是肆意的继续滴落在纸上。故选A。
50.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当你提起笔或者把它再次放下时,笔尖若是不能阻止墨水的流出就会使墨
水滴在纸上。A. way 方法;B. sight 视线;C. flow 流动;D. stream 溪流。根据下文“may leave drops of ink”
可知,如果墨水继续往下滴,说明笔尖不能阻止墨水的流动。故选C。
51.考查连词词义辨析。句意:见第15 题详解。A. so 因此;B. as 当;C. and 并且;D. yet 但是。根据这句
话的上下文意思可知,下文“you pick the pen up and put it down again”是指时间,用as 引导时间状语。故
选B。
52.考查副词词义辨析。句意:最后,好钢笔应该写出来粗黑线条。A. Meanwhile 同时;B. Generally 大体
上看;C. Afterwards 后来;D. Finally 最后。根据上文提到“First of all”和“Then”可知,上文讲述了许多好
钢笔的特点这句话仍然是它的特点之一,是最后一点。故选D。
53.考查动词短语辨析。句意:好的行文线条也许可以弥补坏的书写,但是,细腻、精致的行文能引起丝
毫不亚于印刷字体比如签名那样的注意。A. show up 出现;B. differ from 不同于;C. break down 坏掉,垮
掉;D. compensate for 弥补。根据下文“bad handwriting”可知,这里指书写不好的话,如果钢笔写出来的
行文很好,可以弥补一下不好看的书写。故选D。
54.考查名词词义辨析。句意:见第18 题详解。A. attention 关注;B. support 支持;C. respect 尊敬;D. 
admission 允许。根据下文“A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority”
可知,作者认为优美的书法足以引起人们丝毫不亚于对印刷文字的关注——好的书法一样能够使人给予重
视。故选A。
55.考查介词短语辨析。句意:见第18 题详解。A. at most 最多;B. for example 例如;C. in brief 简单的
说;D. on purpose 故意。根据下文“a signature on a printed letter”可知,作者是以签名为例来说明书法的重
要性。故选B。
5.(2009 年江苏卷)
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students 
must    1    sixty hours of service learning,    2    they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is 
academic learning that also helps the community.    3    of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, 
working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.    4    a service experience, students must keep a journal and 
then write a    5    about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many    6    of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are 
forced to think    7    their own interests and become    8    of the needs of others. Students are also able to 
learn reallife skills that    9    responsibility, problemsolving, and working as part of a team.     10 
 
students can explore possible careers     11     service learning. For example, if a student wonders what 
teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
    12     there are many benefits, opponents     13     problems with the new requirement. First, they 
14     that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is 
timeconsuming, students spend     15     time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing 
students to work without     16     goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an 
individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to     17     to the community, learn new skills, and explore 
different careers.     18    , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the     19     to help 
must come from the heart. I think the best     20     is one that gives students choices: a student should be able 
to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and 
responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1.A.spend
B.gain
C.complete
D.save
2.A.and
B.or
C.but
D.for
3.A.Subjects
B.Ideas
C.Procedures
D.Examples
4.A.With
B.Before
C.During
D.After
5.A.diary
B.report
C.note
D.notice
6.A.courses
B.benefits
C.challenges
D.features
7.A.beyond
B.about
C.over
D.in
8.A.careful
B.proud
C.tired
D.aware
9.A.possess
B.apply
C.include
D.develop
10.A.Gradually
B.Finally
C.Luckily
D.Hopefully
11.A.through
B.across
C.of
D.on
12.A.So
B.Thus
C.Since
D.While
13.A.deal with
B.look into
C.point out
D.take down
14.A.argue
B.doubt
C.overlook
D.admit
15.A.much
B.full
C.less
D.more
16.A.cost
B.pay
C.care
D.praise
17.A.contribute
B.appeal
C.attend
D.belong
18.A.Therefore
B.Otherwise
C.Besides
D.However
19.A.courage
B.desire
C.emotion
D.spirit
20.A.decision
B.purpose
C.solution
D.result
【答案】1.C    2.B    3.D    4.C    5.B    6.B    7.A    8.D    9.C    10.B    
11.A    12.D    13.C    14.A    15.C    16.B    17.A    18.D    19.B    20.C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人们对高中生是否应该参加社会服务学习的不同看法。
1.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,所有学生必须完成60 小时的社会服务学习,否则他们将得不到文
凭。A. spend 花费,度过;B. gain 获得;C. complete 完成;D. save 节约。根据上文“The requirements for 
high school graduation”可知,这是高中毕业的一个条件,因此所有的学生必须完成60 小时的社会服务学
习,故选C。
2.B 考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. and 而且,和;B. or 否则;C. but 但是; D. for 为。否则他们就
得不到毕业证。 根据语境可知,社会服务学习是高中毕业的一个条件,因此所有的学生必须完成60 小时
的社会服务学习,否则就得不到毕业证,故选B。
3.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:服务学习的例子包括清理被污染的河流、在厨房里帮厨或辅导学生。A. 
Subjects 课程;    B. Ideas 观点;C. Procedures 程序;D. Examples 例子。下文“cleaning up a polluted 
river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.”都是服务学习的具体例子,故选D。
4.C 考查介词词义辨析。句意:在一次服务学习期间,学生必须写日志,然后写一份关于所学内容的报
告。A. With 随着,和;B. Before 在…之前;C. During 在……期间; D. After 在…之后。空后说的写日志
和报告是学生在服务学习期间应该干的事,故选C。
5.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. diary 日记;B. report 报告; C. note 笔记;D. notice 注意。根据语
境可知,学生必须写完日志后,还要就他们学到了什么写一篇报告,故选B。
6.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:支持者声称服务学习有很多益处。A. courses 课程;B. benefits 益处; C. 
challenge 挑战;D. features 特征。社会服务学习的支持者肯定会说它有很多好处,故选B。
7.A 考查介词词义辨析。句意:也许最重要的是,学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考,去意识到别人
的需要。A. beyond 超出……范围;B. about 关于; C. over 超过,在……之上;D. in 在……里面。根据常
识和语境可知,学生们选择的社会服务项目不可能完全符合自己的兴趣爱好,他们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣
去思考,故选A。
8.D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. careful 小心的;B. pround 骄傲的;C. tired 疲惫的;D. aware 意
识到的。空前一句说学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考,因此他们要去意识到别人的需要,故选D。
9.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:学生们还能够学习现实生活中的技能,包括责任感、解决问题和团队合
作。A. possess 拥有;B. apply 应用; C. include 包括;D. develop 发展;空后提到的责任感、解决问题的
能力和责任感都是现实生活中的技能所包括的方面,故选C。
10.B 考查副词词义辨析。句意:最后,学生可以通过服务学习探索可能的职业。A. Gradually 逐渐地;B. 
Finally 最后;C. Luckily 幸运地;D. Hopefully 有希望地。根据本段第二句“Perhaps most importantly”及第
三句的“also”可知本段讲服务学习的好处,本句是最后一个,故选B。
11.A 考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.through 通过;B.across 穿过;C. of……的;D. on 在……上面。根
据空后的“service learning”可知此处指
通过服务学习
,故选
“
”
A。
12.D 考查连词词义辨析。句意:尽管有很多好处,反对者指出了新要求的问题。A. So 所以;B. Thus 这
样;C. Since 自从;D. While 虽然。空后说反对者指出新要求的问题,因此前后是让步关系,故选D。
13.C 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. deal with 处理;B. look into 调查;C. point out 指出;D. take down
记下。根据空后的“problems with the new requirement”可知,反对者指出了新要求的问题,故选C。
14.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:首先,他们认为(争论说)学生上学的主要原因是学习核心学科和技
能。A. argue 争论;B. doubt 怀疑; C. overlook 忽视;D. admit 承认。空后的“that the main reason students 
go to school is to learn core subjects and skills”是反对者(争论)的观点,故选 A。
15.C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为服务学习是要花时间的,所以学生用在主要科目的学习时间就更
少了。A.much 很多;B. full 满的;C. less 更少;D. more 更多。空前一句说服务学习是要花时间的,学生
用在主要科目的学习时间自然就更少了,故选C。
16.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:其次,他们认为强迫学生无偿工作是违法的。A. cost 花费;B. pay 付报
酬;C. care 关心;D. praise 表扬。根据下半句“goes against the law.”可知,让学生工作而不付报酬是违法
的,故选B。
17.A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:在我看来,服务学习是一种很好的方式,可以为社区做出贡献,学习新
技能,探索不同的职业。A. contribute to 促进、有助于;B. appeal to 呼吁;C. attend to 照顾;D. belong to
属于。此处contribute to 是固定搭配,促进,有助于。空后提到了学习新技能和探索不同的职业,此处与
之并列,应该是为社区做贡献,故选A。
18.D 考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人——帮助别人的愿望必须
发自内心。A. Therefore 因此;B. Otherwise 否则;C. Besides 除此之外;D. However 然而。空前一句说服务
学习可以为社区做出贡献,学习新技能,探索不同的职业,空后又说我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他
人,前后是转折关系,故选D。
19.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage 勇气;B. desire 愿望;C. emotion 情绪;D. spirit 精神。与
被强迫去帮助别人形成对比,帮助别人的愿望应该是发自内心的,故选B。
20.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我认为解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择。A. decision 决定;B. 
purpose 目的;C. solution 解决办法;D. result 结果。上文介绍了支持者和反对者的观点,再结合空后的内
容可知此处是说解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择,故选C。