专题21 完形填空说明文、议论文
2022 年完形填空说明文、议论文
Close 1
【2022 年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,
there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology
___26___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down
with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the
adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her
own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.
A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results
were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their
___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They
simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by
putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___
when others use it.
21. A. following
B. taking
C. escaping
D. directing
22. A. clever
B. bad
C. scared
D. quick
23. A. exposed
B. examined
C. untouched
D. imbalanced
24. A. supported
B. guaranteed
C. imagined
D. interpreted
25. A. disappointing
B. mixed
C. surprising
D. desired
26. A. explained
B. confirmed
C. contradicted
D. tested
27. A. parent
B. child
C. researcher
D. doctor
28. A. feet
B. nose
C. hands
D. ears
29. A. see
B. help
C. reach
D. fool
30. A. event
B. thing
C. action
D. accident
31. A. Yet
B. Now
C. Soon
D. Once
32. A. speak
B. listen
C. turn
D. wave
33. A. instructions
B. descriptions
C. experiments
D. assumptions
34. A. comprehended
B. predicted
C. explored
D. ignored
35. A. partly
B. honestly
C. vaguely
D. exactly
36. A. responses
B. approaches
C. contribution
D. sensitivity
37. A. ability
B. belief
C. identity
D. purpose
38. A. hold back
B. relate to
C. insist on
D. make up
39. A. limitations
B. requirements
C. theories
D. findings
40. A. tentative
B. impressive
C. creative
D. effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自
我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴
奋的事情。A. following 跟随；B. taking 取走；C. escaping 避开；D. directing 指导。根据上文“Young
children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。
故选C 项。
【22 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever 聪明的；B. bad 不
擅长的；C. scared 害怕的；D. quick 快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,
leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B 项。
【23 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed 无遮蔽的；B.
examined 已检查过的；C. untouched 未受影响的；D. imbalanced 失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分
无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A 项。
【24 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物
的证据。A. supported 支持；B. guaranteed 保证；C. imagined 想象；D. interpreted 解释。根据下文“as
evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证
据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D 项。
【25 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
disappointing 令人失望的；B. mixed 混合的；C. surprising 令人惊讶的；D. desired 渴望的。根据下文
“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所
以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C 项。
【26 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
explained 解释；B. confirmed 证实；C. contradicted 相矛盾；D. tested 测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest
when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider
this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C 项。
【27 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent
父母亲；B. child 儿童；C. researcher 研究员；D. doctor 医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-
4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在
一起。故选B 项。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet 脚；
B. nose 鼻子；C. hands 手；D. ears 耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能
听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D 项。
【29 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see 看见；B. help 帮助；
C. reach 到达；D. fool 欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼
睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A 项。
【30 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. event 大事；B. thing 事情；C. action 行动；D. accident 事故。根据下文“children said that they
couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选
B 项。
【31 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. Yet 然而；B. Now 此刻；C. Soon 很快；D. Once 一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的
嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B 项。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. speak 说；B. listen 听；C. turn 转；D. wave 挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own
mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A 项。
【33 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions 命令；B.
descriptions 说明；C. experiments 实验；D. assumptions 假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除
了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C 项。
【34 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到
了什么。A. comprehended 理解；B. predicted 预测；C. explored 探索；D. ignored 忽略。根据下文“the
questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。
故选A 项。
【35 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到
了什么。A. partly 部分地；B. honestly 诚实地；C. vaguely 含糊地；D. exactly 确切地。根据下文“what was
asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什
么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D 项。
【36 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能
看到你。”A. responses 回答；B. approaches 方法；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感性。根据下文
“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A 项。
【37 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能
看到你。”A. ability 能力；B. belief 看法；C. identity 身份；D. purpose 目的。根据下文“I can see you only
if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B 项。
【38 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back 阻止；B. relate to 有关联；C. insist
on 坚持；D. make up 弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现
了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C 项。
【39 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中
心主义的结果。A. limitations 限制；B. requirements 必要条件；C. theories 理论；D. findings 调查发现。根
据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实
验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D 项。
【40 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative 实
验性的；B. impressive 令人印象深刻的；C. creative 创造性的；D. effective 有效的。根据上文“They simply
18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，
孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D 项。
Close 2
【2022 年浙江卷6 月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it.
“Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He
throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___
which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good
___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve
B. miss
C. love
D. know
17. A. as if
B. in case
C. even though
D. so that
18. A. fear
B. excitement
C. doubt
D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable
B. limited
C. absolute
D. important
20. A. relief
B. satisfaction
C. achievement
D. responsibility
21. A. older
B. busier
C. quieter
D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf
B. on my part
C. in my honor
D. in my name
23. A. long-distance
B. high-risk
C. parent-child
D. teacher-student
24. A. afford
B. choose
C. wait
D. expect
25. A. attach
B. compare
C. adjust
D. introduce
26. A. safe
B. happy
C. proud
D. grateful
27. A. Above all
B. In addition
C. At first
D. For example
28. A. admit
B. believe
C. suggest
D. imagine
29. A. However
B. Therefore
C. Similarly
D. Fortunately
30. A. affection
B. determination
C. friendship
D. leadership
31. A. assess
B. organize
C. develop
D. understand
32. A. repeat
B. follow
C. change
D. forget
33. A. gesture
B. measure
C. bond
D. lack
34. A. telling
B. giving
C. selling
D. sending
35. A. management
B. personality
C. communication
D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A.
deserve 值得；B. miss 错过；C. love 爱；D. know 知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜
欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C 项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。
A. as if 好像；B. in case 以防；C. even though 即使；D. so that 以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为
虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A 项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A.
fear 害怕；B. excitement 兴奋；C. doubt 怀疑；D. astonishment 惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs
out
2
he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B 项。
19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了
我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable 合理的；B. limited 有限的；C. absolute 完全的，绝对的；D. important 重要
的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信
任的。故选C 项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我
巨大的责任感。A. relief 宽慰；B. satisfaction 满意；C. achievement 成就；D. responsibility 责任。结合语境，
此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D 项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需
要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older 年龄较大的；B. busier 较为忙的；C. quieter 较安静的；D.
healthier 较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，
这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A 项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这
需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf 代表我；B. on my part 就我来说；C. in my honor
以我的名誉；D. in my name 以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努
力和做出正确的判断。故选B 项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东
西。A. long-distance 长途的；B. high-risk 高风险的；C. parent-child 父母子女的；D. teacher-student 师生的。
本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C 项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。
A. afford 支付得起；B. choose 选择；C. wait 等待；D. expect 期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part
of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A
项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉
得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach 贴上；B. compare 对比；C. adjust 调整； D. introduce 介绍。
根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D 项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，
觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe 安全的；B. happy 快乐的；C. proud 自豪的； D. grateful 感
激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A 项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，
如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all 首先重要的是；B. In addition 除此之外；C. At first 首先；D. For
example 例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。
故选D 项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如
果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit 承认；B. believe 相信；C. suggest 建议；D. imagine 想象。根据上文
“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能
去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B 项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
However 然而；B. Therefore 因此；C. Similarly 相似地；D. Fortunately 幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移
到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C 项。
30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
affection 感情；B. determination 决定；C. friendship 友谊；D. leadership 领导力。根据下文“It is something
that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D 项。
31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess 评估；
B. organize 组织；C. develop 发展，培养；D. understand 理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C 项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成
为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat 重复；B. follow 跟随；C. change 改变； D. forget 忘记。根据上文“If people
don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B 项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture 姿势；B.
measure 测量；C. bond 纽带；D. lack 缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可
知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D 项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling 告诉；B.
giving 给；C. selling 卖；D. sending 发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B 项。
35.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management
管理；B. personality 个性；C. communication 交流；D. education 教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及
“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A 项。
Close 3
【2022 年浙江卷6 月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it.
“Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He
throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___
which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good
___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve
B. miss
C. love
D. know
17. A. as if
B. in case
C. even though
D. so that
18. A. fear
B. excitement
C. doubt
D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable
B. limited
C. absolute
D. important
20. A. relief
B. satisfaction
C. achievement
D. responsibility
21. A. older
B. busier
C. quieter
D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf
B. on my part
C. in my honor
D. in my name
23. A. long-distance
B. high-risk
C. parent-child
D. teacher-student
24. A. afford
B. choose
C. wait
D. expect
25. A. attach
B. compare
C. adjust
D. introduce
26. A. safe
B. happy
C. proud
D. grateful
27. A. Above all
B. In addition
C. At first
D. For example
28. A. admit
B. believe
C. suggest
D. imagine
29. A. However
B. Therefore
C. Similarly
D. Fortunately
30. A. affection
B. determination
C. friendship
D. leadership
31. A. assess
B. organize
C. develop
D. understand
32. A. repeat
B. follow
C. change
D. forget
33. A. gesture
B. measure
C. bond
D. lack
34. A. telling
B. giving
C. selling
D. sending
35. A. management
B. personality
C. communication
D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A.
deserve 值得；B. miss 错过；C. love 爱；D. know 知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢
被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C 项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。
A. as if 好像；B. in case 以防；C. even though 即使；D. so that 以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚
拟语气，好像在飞。故选A 项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A.
fear 害怕；B. excitement 兴奋；C. doubt 怀疑；D. astonishment 惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs
out
2
he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B 项。
19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了
我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable 合理的；B. limited 有限的；C. absolute 完全的，绝对的；D. important 重要
的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任
的。故选C 项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我
巨大的责任感。A. relief 宽慰；B. satisfaction 满意；C. achievement 成就；D. responsibility 责任。结合语境，
此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D 项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需
要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older 年龄较大的；B. busier 较为忙的；C. quieter 较安静的；D.
healthier 较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，
这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A 项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这
需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf 代表我；B. on my part 就我来说；C. in my honor
以我的名誉；D. in my name 以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努
力和做出正确的判断。故选B 项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东
西。A. long-distance 长途的；B. high-risk 高风险的；C. parent-child 父母子女的；D. teacher-student 师生的。
本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C 项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。
A. afford 支付得起；B. choose 选择；C. wait 等待；D. expect 期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part
of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A 项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉
得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach 贴上；B. compare 对比；C. adjust 调整； D. introduce 介绍。
根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D 项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，
觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe 安全的；B. happy 快乐的；C. proud 自豪的； D. grateful 感
激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A 项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，
如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all 首先重要的是；B. In addition 除此之外；C. At first 首先；D. For
example 例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故
选D 项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如
果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit 承认；B. believe 相信；C. suggest 建议；D. imagine 想象。根据上文
“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能
去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B 项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
However 然而；B. Therefore 因此；C. Similarly 相似地；D. Fortunately 幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移
到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C 项。
30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
affection 感情；B. determination 决定；C. friendship 友谊；D. leadership 领导力。根据下文“It is something
that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D 项。
31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess 评估；
B. organize 组织；C. develop 发展，培养；D. understand 理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C 项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成
为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat 重复；B. follow 跟随；C. change 改变； D. forget 忘记。根据上文“If people
don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B 项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture 姿势；B.
measure 测量；C. bond 纽带；D. lack 缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，
缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D 项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling 告诉；B.
giving 给；C. selling 卖；D. sending 发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B 项。
35.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management
管理；B. personality 个性；C. communication 交流；D. education 教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及
“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A 项。
2016 年完形填空说明文、议论文
Close 1
【2016 年上海卷】In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management,
developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work
and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,
53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be
imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures,
particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or
work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western
companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some
experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach
common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own
without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60
the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just
a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.
Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and
delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and
that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet
work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of
what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire
B. seek
C. lose
D. dislike
52. A. contrary
B. expectation
C. degree
D. extreme
53. A. vice versa
B. for example
C. however
D. otherwise
54. A. outside
B. inside
C. below
D. above
55. A. replacing
B. assessing
C. managing
D. encouraging
56. A. refer
B. contribute
C. object
D. apply
57. A. agreement
B. practice
C. election
D. impression
58. A. bossy
B. experienced
C. western
D. male
59. A. asking
B. training
C. warning
D. firing
60. A. doubling
B. maintaining
C. reducing
D. estimating
61. A. honored
B. left
C. crowded
D. compared
62. A. economically
B. traditionally
C. inadequately
D. occasionally
63. A. deny
B. admit
C. assume
D. ensure
64. A. virtual
B. ineffective
C. day-to-day
D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion
B. risk
C. performance
D. attractiveness
【答案】51. D
52. A
53. B
54. D
55. C
56. B
57. A
58. D
59. A
60. C
61. B
62. B
63. D
64. A
65. C
【解析】试题分析：本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。
51.D 考查动词辨析。根据后半句＂....will do anything to avoid it＂可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避
工作可以做任何事情。故D 项正确。
52.A 考查名词辨析。to the contrary 相反的；to the degree 在某种程度上；to the extreme 走向极端。此处
是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X 理论。故A 项正确。
53.B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B 项
正确。
54.D 考查副词辨析。根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D
项＂above 上面的＂正确。
55.C 考查动词辨析。根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人
的方法。故C 项正确。
56.B 考查动词短语辨析。refer to 提到，谈到；contribute to 做贡献；导致；object to 反对；apply to 适用
于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B
项正确。
57.A 考查名词辨析。agreement 同意；practice 练习，做法；election 选举；impression 印象。此处是说，亚
洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商基础之上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。
故A 项正确。
58.D 考查形容词辨析。根据前半句＂....women will become more effective managers than men....＂可知有些
专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故
D 项正确。
59.A 考查动词辨析。根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓励员工使用自己
的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A 项正确。
60.C 考查动词辨析。根据＂the trend towards downsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层
的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词＂reduce 减少＂符合语境。
61.B 考查形容词短语。be honored with 被授予；be left with 留下，剩下；be crowded with 挤满；be
compared with 与……相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。
省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B 项正确。
62.B 考查副词辨析。economically 经济地；traditionally 传统地；inadequately 不充分地；occasionally 偶尔
地；根据后句＂Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control＂可知授权管理是一个
新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B 项正确。
63.D 考查动词辨析。deny 否认；admit 承认；assume 假定，设想；ensure 保证，确保；授权管理是一种新
型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D 正确。
64.A virtual 虚拟的；ineffective 低效的；day-to-day 日常的；on-the-scene 现场的。根据后句＂where teams
of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses＂可知在这种新型的管理方法
中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A 项正确。
65.C 考查名词辨析。opinion 观点；risk 冒险；performance 表现；attractiveness 魅力；根据后半句中＂
in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员
工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是他们的工作时间。故C 项正确。
2015 年完形填空说明文、议论文
Close 1
【2015 年重庆卷】Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock
is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you’re 29
jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier
ways that can work just as 31.
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological clock to the destination’s time.
If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When
it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.
These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.
28. A.flight
B.change
C.demand
D.climate
29. A.suffering from
B.working on
C.looking into
D.leading to
30. A.danger
B.problem
C.waste
D.fear
31. A.briefly
B.slowly
C.suddenly
D.effectively
32. A.checking
B.sending
C.adjusting
D.stopping
33. A.awake
B.alone
C.hungry
D.calm
34. A.though
B.so
C.while
D.or
35. A.understanding
B.cycle
C.research
D.trend
【解析】试题分析：本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。
28.B 考查名词辨析。A flight 航班； B change 变化； C demand 要求； D climate 气候； 句意：慢慢地
对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B 项。
29.A 考查动词短语辨析 suffer from 遭受战争破坏的 work on 从事于；look into 调查；lead to 导致；
根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A 项。
30.B 考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性 B problem 问题在于 C waste 浪费者 D fear 恐惧；句意：游客会用
药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B 项。
34.D 考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此 B so 因此次 C while 虽然如此 D or 否则；句意：在这种情况
下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or 表示转折，故选D 项。
35.B 考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle 圈； C research 研究；D trend 趋势；句意：这些建
议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B 项。
Close 2
【2015 年安徽卷】 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.
The
36
is that countries around the world have growing mountains of
37
because people are throwing
out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we
38
a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to
39
an object than to spend
time and money to repair it.
40
modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to
produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41
. [来源:学科网]
Another cause is our
42
of disposable (一次性的) products. As
43
people, we are always
looking for
44
to save time and make our lives easier. Companies
45
thousands of different kinds of
disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also
46
to the problem. We are
47
buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that 48
is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is
that we
49
useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the
50
of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep
getting bigger. To
51
the amount of rubbish and to protect the
52
, more governments are requiring
people to recycle materials.
53
, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54
throwing them away. We also
need to rethink our attitudes about
55
. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be
the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
36. A. key
B. reason
C. project
D. problem
37. A. gifts
B. rubbish
C. debt
D. products
38. A. face
B. become
C. observe
D. change
39. A. hide
B. control
C. replace
D. withdraw
40. A. Thanks to
B. As to
C. Except for
D. Regardless of
41. A. safe
B. funny
C. cheap
D. powerful
42. A. love
B. lack
C. prevention
D. division
43. A. sensitive
B. kind
C. brave
D. busy
44. A. ways
B. places
C. jobs
D. friends
45. A. donate
B. receive
C. produce
D. preserve
46. A. adapts
B. returns
C. responds
D. contributes
47. A. tired of
B. addicted to
C. worried about
D. ashamed for
48. A. newer
B. stronger
C. higher
D. larger
49. A. pick up
B. pay for
C. hold onto
D. throw away
50. A. advantages
B. purposes
C. functions
D. consequences
51. A. show
B. record
C. decrease
D. measure
52. A. technology
B. environment
C. consumers
D. brands
53. A. However
B. Otherwise
C. Therefore
D. Meanwhile
54. A. by
B. in favour of
C. after
D. instead of
55. A. spending
B. collecting
C. repairing
D. advertising
【解析】试题分析：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的威胁。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔
掉用旧物，用新物品取而代之。包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。
36. D 考查名词辨析。A 答案；B 原因；C 项目；D 问题。根据第二行“the world...”可知，出现的问题是
垃圾堆积如山，故选D。
37. B 考查名词辨析。A 礼物；B 垃圾；C 债务；D 产品。句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃
圾堆积成了山，故选B。
38. B 考查动词辨析。句意：A 面对；B 变得；C 观察，庆祝；D 改变。根据“first of all...”可知，这里
讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因，故选B。
39. C 考查动词辨析。A 躲藏；B 控制；C 代替；D 撤退，收回。句意：与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更
容易更换物品，故选C。
40. A 考查短语辨析。A 多亏；B 至于；C 除了；D 不管。句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更
快地生产产品，成本也降低很多，故选A。
44. A 考查名词辨析。A 方法；B 地方；C 工作；D 朋友。a way to do sth 做某事的方法，是固定搭配，
故选A。
45. C 考查动词辨析。A 捐赠；B 收到；C 生产；D 保存。句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品，故选C。
46. D 考查动词辨析。A 适应，改编；B 返回；C 回应；D 做贡献。adapt to 适应；return to 返回，归还；
respond to 反应；contribute to 为......做贡献，促成，有助于。句意：人们对新产品的欲望促成了这一问题，
故选D。
47. B 考查短语辨析。A 厌倦；B 沉迷于；C 担心；D 感到羞耻。根据“appetite”可知，人们痴迷于购买
新产品，故选B。
48. A 考查形容词比较级。A 更新的；B 更强壮的；C 更高的；D 更大的。句意：广告使人们相信新的更
好，故选A。
49. D 考查动词短语。A 捡起，学会，车接；B 支付；C 抓住，坚持；D 扔掉。句意：人们扔掉自己的物
品来为新的腾地方，故选D。
50. D 考查名词辨析。A 有点，有利条件；B 目的；C 功能，作用；D 后果。根据下句可知，这里指的是
乱扔垃圾的后果，故选D。
51. C 考查动词辨析。A 显示，展示；B 记录；C 减少；D 测量。句意：越来越多的政府要求人们循环使
用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾，故选C。
52. B 名词辨析。A 技术；B 环境；C 消费者；D 品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境，故选B。
53. A 考查副词辨析。A 然而；B 要不然；C 因此；D 同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远
不够的，故选A。
54. D 考查介词辨析。A 通过；B 支持；C 在......之后；D 代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们的财物，
而不是扔掉它们，故选D。
55. A 考查动词辨析。spend 花费；collect 收集；repair 修理；advertise 做广告。由下一句“Repairing our
possessions and changing our spending habits…”可知，我们应该重新考虑对待花钱的态度。
Close 3
【2015 年广东卷】How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human
body is
1
to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could
hope to live — if he or she is
2
healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130
years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce
3
. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and
4
die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a
5
life than ever before. In 1900, the average
American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the
6
line between middle age and old
age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental
7
until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people
8
childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws
of nature, many children died of common childhood
9
. Now that the chances of dying
10
are much
lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The
11
in our population will have lasting effects on our
social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see
12
, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in
13
if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the
14
of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they
need to
15
active and be devoted.
1.A. designed
B. selected
C. improved
D. discovered
2.A. completely
B. generally
C. apparently
D. extremely
3.A. rapidly
B. harmlessly
C. endlessly
D. separately
4.A. eventually
B. hopelessly
C. automatically D. desperately
5.A. busier
B. longer
C. richer
D. happier
6.A. finishing
B. guiding
C. waiting
D. dividing
7.A. stress
B. damage
C. decline
D. failure
8.A. survive
B. enjoy
C. remember
D. value
9.A. problems
B. fears
C. worries
D. diseases
10.A. poor
B. young
C. sick
D. quiet
11.A. changes
B. recovery
C. safety
D. increases
12.A. dreams
B. chances
C. strengths
D. choices
13.A. mind
B. appearance
C. voice
D. movement
14.A. protection
B. suggestions
C. contributions
D. permission
15.A. sound
B. appear
C. turn
D. stay
2.D 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110 岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸
运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely 极其，非常。根据句意可知，如
果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110 岁。故选D。
3.C 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly
无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境的
再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。
4.A 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最
终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately 绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选
A。
5.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更
忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier 更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前
更长了。故选B。
6.D 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65 岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；
guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing 划分。根据文意可知，把65 岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这
已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line 分界线，故选D。
9.D 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。
problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普
遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
10.B 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因
为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思
可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young 就是年少死去。故选B。
11.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。
changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such
changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
12.B 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机
会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中
的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
13.A 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然
积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement 移动。根据句意可知，这里
应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
2014 年完形填空说明文、议论文
Close 1
【2014 年新课标Ⅰ卷】As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a
routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____41____at work in people of all _____42____. For example,
on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___43____with their new toys. But their ___44_____soon wear
off and by January those_____45____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full
of_____46____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s
____47_____interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____48____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a
short time, however, the___49____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school
with great____50___but soon looking forward to_____51___. The same is true of the young adults going to the
college. And then, how many____52_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ____53_____drove for
hours at a time when they first_____54____ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually ___55____to
do a lot of___56__things, which never had __57___while working. But ____58____after retirement, the golfing,
the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___59____. And, like the
child in January, they go searching for new____60_____.
【小题1】A.principle B.habit C.way D.power
【小题2】A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages
【小题3】A.working B.living C.playing D.going
【小题4】A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow
【小题5】A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive
【小题6】A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled
【小题7】A.broad B.passing C.different D.main
【小题8】A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly
【小题9】A.promise B.burden C.right D.game
【小题10】A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement
【小题11】A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success
【小题12】A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees
【小题13】A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely
【小题14】A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered
【小题15】A.need B.learn C.start D.plan
【小题16】A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct
【小题17】A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge
【小题18】A.only B.well C.even D.soon
【小题19】A.lost B.choose C.left D.quit
【小题20】A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues
[文章大意] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为我们日常生活必须做的事情时，无论
是哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了
[小题 1] A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。第一句话的意思是:作为一般规则，当它们在日常生活的基础
上被执行时，各种形式的活动都会导致无聊
[小题 2] D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知本句话的意思是:其实，我们在不同年龄的人在
工作时都会看出这一点
[小题 3] C。考查动词词义辨析及学科网理语境理解。例如，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们兴奋地玩他们的新
玩具。
[小题 4] B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。但是他们对这些玩具的兴趣很快就越来越少了
[小题 5] A 考查形容词词义辨析及语理解。学科 到一月份可以发现那些一模一样的玩具被放在了地
下室里。
[小题 6] D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。这个世界充满了装了一半的集邮册和为完成的模型。
[小题 7] B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。每一个都如一个立在那里的纪念碑来纪念某个人短暂的兴
趣。
【小题8】C。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。当父母带回家一只宠物，他们的孩子高高兴兴地给它洗澡、
给它刷毛。
[小题 9] B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，很快照顾动物的责任就交给父母,
[小题 10] D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。青少年进入高中时很激动。
[小题 11] A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。但是很快就盼着毕业了
[小题 12] C。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。前面根据年龄提到小孩子、十多岁的青少年、青年人。接下
来应该说成年人了。
[小题 13] B。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。
[小题 14] B。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。
[小题 15] D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多的事.
[小题 16] A。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多伟大的事.
[小题 17] A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这些事在工作期间学科网理都没有时间去做。
[小题 18] D。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣
方式都变得无聊了
[小题 19] C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。这些想做的事就像他们离开的工作一样变得索然无味了[小
题 20] B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。就像那个一月的孩子一样，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。
Close 2
【2014 年重庆卷】Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should
be aware of those differences and
28
them. Here are some
29
on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels
30
at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best
defense is a sense of
31
. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you
as ＂that crazy foreigner＂.
Wearing proper clothes is important too,
32
locals will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle
Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is
33
, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing
34
. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some
countries it is
35
to kiss in public.
28. A. reject
B. recite C. respect
D. remove
29. A. plans
B. tips
C. arguments
D. choices
30. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied
D. awkward
3l. A. relief B. belonging
C. humor
D. direction
32. A. but B. for C.so
D. or
33. A. forbidden B. allowed
C. expected
D. tolerated
34. A. emotions
B. concern
C. interest
D. views
35. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise
D. unnecessary
【解析】试题分析：本文就如何适应文化差异提出一些建议。只有尊重差异才能适应差异。具体涉及情感
表达、依着打扮及如何摆脱尴尬，等。
28. 考查动词词义及语境运用。去另一个国家，要意识到这个国家的文化与本国文化之间的差异并尊重这
种差异。A. reject 排斥；B. recite 背诵；C. respect 尊重；D. remove 去除。C 项正确。
31.考查名词词义及语境运用。从下文“一笑了之”可知，自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。 A. relief 轻松、
放松；B. belonging 归属；C. humor 幽默；D. direction 方向。C 项正确。
32. 考查连词的语境运用。衣着也很重要，因为当地人会根据衣着来判断一个人。A. but 表“转折”；
B. for 表“理由”；C. so 表“结果”；D. or 表“选择”。故B 项正确。
33. 考查动词词义及语境运用。根据宗教习惯，在中东国家衣着暴露是严格禁止的。A. forbidden 禁止；B.
allowed 允许；C. expected 期待；D. tolerated 容忍。A 项正确。
34. 考查名词词义及语境运用。在东南亚国家。生气会让自己显得愚蠢，所以表达情感时要谨慎。A.
emotions 情感；B. concern 担忧；C. interest 兴趣；D. views 观点。故A 项正确。
35. 考查形容词词义及语境运用。在一些国家当众亲吻是不合适的。A. natural 自然的。本文更多谈及的是
一些禁忌，故本项排除；B. advisable 可建议（从事）的。排斥理由同A 项；C. unwise 不明智的；D.
unnecessary 不必要的。C 项正确。
