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文体分类练(四) 说明文和议论文
(限时:45 分钟)
Passage 1
(2023 浙江诸暨三模)
Wearing a caveman mask,Dr.Marzluff walks across the camp at the university.Crows
circle and scream.They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask,he smiles.Days before,he and his students had
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cavemen
masks,caught crows and
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plastic bands on to their legs.Then they released the
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birds.
“We always knew crows
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us,but could we show it?” says Dr.Marzluff,a professor
known affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks,the crows they had caught
and banded didn’t
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to them.But when the
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humans walked by while wearing the
masks,the crows scolded loudly and dived at their “
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”.The birds had remembered their
8
!
“Crows are constantly
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us,” Dr.Marzluff says.“They look,they think,they eyeball
you,
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the situation.”
At first,only the banded birds reacted
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to the people in masks.But in later tests,an
increasing number of crows began scolding them,even when the banded birds were not
around.The birds had
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from one another.Dr.Marzluff and his team followed banded
crows for a year and
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that adults even pass this information to their
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.
Dr.Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’
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work.
1.A.picked out
B.put on
C.searched for
D.taken off
2.A.dropped
B.stepped
C.pressed
D.tied
3.A.unhappy
B.beautiful
C.black
D.rare
4.A.hate
B.attack
C.recognize
D.contact
5.A.wave
B.react
C.reply
D.turn
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6.A.friendly
B.unkind
C.different
D.same
7.A.enemies
B.professors
C.owners
D.followers
8.A.clothes
B.faces
C.organs
D.figures
9.A.expecting
B.admiring
C.watching
D.tolerating
10.A.estimating B.changing
C.restoring
D.worsening
11.A.rigidly
B.automatically
C.abnormally
D.threateningly
12.A.resulted
B.heard
C.learned
D.benefited
13.A.promised
B.identified
C.denied
D.clarified
14.A.young
B.neighbor
C.partners
D.opponents
15.A.wings
B.noses
C.legs
D.brains
Passage 2
This year,hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port
Lockroy,the world’s most remote post office.The
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is in Antarctica,and one of the key
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is the ability to count penguins.
Each year,the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust
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four postmen to live on the island
from November to March.Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office,it
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as a museum.Although employees each have unique
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,they are cooperatively
responsible for preserving the
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place and caring for the thousands of tourists.The staff
is also
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environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring.
Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest.Still,the job is
highly
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.The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications
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for the
position.They are mainly
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to Port Lockroy,both for its history and its scientific
significance.Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019—2020 season.It was a real
3
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for her.“Even though the job can be hard at times,there’s a real sense of
community.You’ve got to
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,because you can’t get away from each other very easily.I
really love that sort of
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,”she said.“And what you can achieve here is
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.The total
experience offers both a different
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to the world and a new viewpoint on your function
on the planet.”
1.A.centre
B.position
C.aim
D.unit
2.A.requirements
B.characteristics
C.virtues
D.activities
3.A.persuades
B.instructs
C.encourages
D.hires
4.A.exists
B.operates
C.doubles
D.develops
5.A.tastes
B.talents
C.roles
D.backgrounds
6.A.temporary
B.historic
C.grand
D.magical
7.A.in favor of
B.in need of
C.in possession of
D.in charge of
8.A.paid
B.sought-after
C.hard-won
D.respectable
9.A.annually
B.weekly
C.monthly
D.daily
10.A.invited
B.devoted
C.related
D.drawn
11.A.joy
B.lesson
C.effort
D.shock
12.A.get along
B.show off
C.break through
D.give in
13.A.loneliness
B.eagerness
C.looseness
D.togetherness
14.A.consistent
B.rewarding
C.potential
D.pure
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15.A.entrance
B.answer
C.attitude
D.introduction
Passage 3
(2023 山西部分重点中学联考)
I will turn 46 soon.But I decide to
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candles from my cake this year.I think 46
candles might
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the cream or set off the smoke alarm.Amazingly,when I looked in the
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this morning I didn’t see a middle-aged man looking back at me.Sure there was
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in the hair and wrinkles around the eyes.Yet,when I
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his smile and the light in his
eyes,I felt as alive and
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as before.I saw the young and loving spirit living inside this
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body.
It is such a
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that we can grow younger on the inside while we grow older on the
outside.Some of the most loving,
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and energetic people I know live inside ancient
bodies that have
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far better days.These people smile often,laugh a lot,and spend every
day quite optimistically.They
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me that old bodies don’t always
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old hearts.
I hope when your own
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comes around,your heart will feel as young as ever.I
hope you will remember that you are not
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on a calendar or candles on a cake,but a
forever young spirit.Your body may age and die,but your heart never will.May you
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all of your days with love,laughter,light and joy.
1.A.protect
B.separate
C.remove
D.withdraw
2.A.beat
B.combine
C.decorate
D.ruin
3.A.window
B.face
C.mirror
D.sky
4.A.grey
B.detail
C.energy
D.black
5.A.imagined
B.noticed
C.checked
D.remembered
6.A.dynamic
B.successful
C.courageous
D.friendly
7.A.delicate
B.healthy
C.aging
D.mature
8.A.surprise
B.confusion
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C.mistake
D.fact
9.A.influential B.cheerful
C.impressive
D.admirable
10.A.desired
B.guaranteed
C.requested
D.witnessed
11.A.instruct
B.remind
C.inform
D.promise
12.A.go into
B.leave out
C.make for
D.wake up
13.A.dream
B.birthday
C.ambition
D.expectation
14.A.pictures
B.marks
C.lines
D.numbers
15.A.fill
B.credit
C.connect
D.invest
答案：
文体分类练(四) 说明文和议论文
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff 博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的
大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子,然后放了乌鸦,同时对捆绑的乌鸦进
行跟踪,发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸,同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。
1.B 由上文“Wearing a caveman mask”可知,此处指戴上面具。
2.D 由下文“the crows they had caught and banded”可知,在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子。
3.A 由上文“caught crows”可知,乌鸦被捕所以不开心。
4.C 由下文“the crows scolded loudly”和实验内容可知,研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上
绑上塑料带子,然后将它们放了,之后戴上面具后,发现乌鸦攻击他们,这说明乌鸦能认出
他们。
5.B 由下文“to them”可知,此处指乌鸦没有任何反应。react to 固定搭配,意为“对……
作出反应”。
6.D 由下文“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知,为了保证实验的
可信性,应是同一批人戴着面具走过。
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7.A 由上文“the crows scolded loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦
可知,乌鸦把他们当成敌人,在认出他们之后去攻击他们。
8.B 由下文“They look,they think,they eyeball you”可知,乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。
9.C 由下文“They look”可知,乌鸦一直在观察他们。
10.A 由上文“They look,they think,they eyeball you”和下文“the situation”可知,乌鸦观
察他们是为了估计形势,去攻击他们。
11.D 由下文“But in later tests,an increasing number of crows began scolding them”可知,
乌鸦攻击他们,对他们产生有威胁性的行为。
12.C 由下文“pass this information”可知,乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息。
13.B 由上文“Dr.Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year”和下文“that
adults even pass this information to their”可知,Marzluff 博士和他的团队研究发现乌鸦甚
至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。
14.A 由上文“adults even pass this information to their”可知,成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信
息传递给幼崽。
15.D 由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知,Marzluff 博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦
的大脑是如何工作的。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。位于南极洲的洛克雷港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人,在那
里员工不仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物,还要负责数企鹅。
1.B 根据上文中的“hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job”可
知,此处表示该职位在南极洲。
2.A 本文讲的是一个职位,再根据空后的“is the ability to count penguins”可知,此处表
示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。
3.D 根据上文中的“applying for a desired job”和下文中的“employees”可知,此处表示
聘用四名邮递员。
4.C 前面提到洛克雷港是一个邮局,空后又提到“as a museum”,故此处表示该邮局兼作
博物馆。
5.C 根据下文中的“they are cooperatively responsible for...tourists”可知,此处表示员工
各司其职。
6.B 根据上文中的“a nearly 80-year-old British-owned”和空前的“preserving”可知,此
处表示有历史意义的地方。
7.D 根据空前的“also”可知,本空应与前面的responsible for 在含义上接近,故用in
charge of“负责”。
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8.B 前面提到这份工作没多少放松和休息的时间,再结合Still 可知,此处表示“但是,它
仍然很抢手”。sought-after 表示“吃香的,广受欢迎的”,符合语境。
9.A 根据上文中的“This year,hundreds of people...desired job”和下文中的“the 2019—
2020 season”可知,此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金每年(annually)都会收到大量申请该
职位的信。
10.D 他们大多是被洛克雷港的历史和科研价值吸引的。draw“吸引”。
11.A 前面提到该职位很抢手,而Lucy Dorman 申请成功了,再结合下文中的“I really
love”可知,此处表示对她来说,获得这个职位很让她开心。joy“令人高兴的人(或事)”。
12.A 根据上文中的“there’s a real sense of community”和下文中的“you can’t get away
from each other very easily”可知,此处表示你得与人和睦相处(get along)。
13.D 根据上文中的“a real sense of community”和“you can’t get away from each other
very easily”可知,此处表示Lucy Dorman 喜欢那种亲密无间。
14.B 根据空前的“you can achieve here”和下文中的“The total experience offers...your
function on the planet”可知,此处表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。
15.C 这整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法(attitude)以及你在这个星球上的职责的
新观点。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]作者在46 生日即将来临之际感悟到我们应该人老心不老。
1.C 根据下文中的“I think 46 candles...set off the smoke alarm.”可知,作者觉得46 支蜡
烛可能会毁坏蛋糕上的奶油或者触发烟雾警报,因此他决定今年不在蛋糕上放蜡烛了。
2.D 见上题解析。
3.C 根据下文中的“I didn’t see a middle-aged man looking back at me”可知,此处指作者
在照镜子(mirror)。
4.A 根据上文中的“I will turn 46 soon”和下文中的“wrinkles around the eyes”可知,此
处指作者头上有灰白的头发,眼角有皱纹。
5.B 根据上文中的“I didn’t see”及下文中的“saw”可知,但是,当作者看到(noticed)镜子
中的人的笑容和他眼里的光时,他觉得自己像以前一样充满生机与活力。
6.A 根据上文中的“smile and the light in his eyes”和 “alive and”可知,空处所填词应
与 alive 同属一个语义范畴,故 dynamic“生机勃勃的,充满活力的,精力充沛的”,符合语
境。
7.C 根据上文中的“the young and loving spirit”以及作者快46 岁了可知,此处表示作者
看到一个年轻的、充满爱的灵魂生活在这变老的(aging)身体里。
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8.A 根据上文的“Amazingly”可知,令人惊讶的是,我们的外表在变老,而内心却在变年
轻。
9.B 根据下文中的“smile often,laugh a lot”可知,此处指作者认识的一些最有爱心、最
快乐(cheerful)、最有活力的人生活在很老的身体里,但他们见证了更美好的日子。
10.D 见上题解析。
11.B 他们提醒(remind)作者,老的身体不一定总是造就年老的心灵。
12.C 见上题解析。make for 促成,符合语境。
13.B 呼应上文中的“will turn 46 soon”指作者希望当你的生日(birthday)到来的时候,你
的心将会感到像往常一样年轻。
14.D 根据下文中的“on a calendar or candles on a cake”并结合常识可知,此处指作者希
望人们能够记住,他们不是日历上的数字(numbers),也不是蛋糕上的蜡烛。
15.A 愿你的每一天都充满爱、欢笑、光明和喜悦。fill“使充满,填满”。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)wear a caveman mask 戴着山顶洞人的面具
2.(Passage 2)apply for a desired job 申请一份理想的工作
3.(Passage 2)apart from 除……之外(还)
4.(Passage 2)at times 有时
5.(Passage 3)set off 使(警报)响起,拉响(警报)
经典句型:
(Passage 1)Wearing a caveman mask,Dr.Marzluff walks across the camp at the university.
(现在分词短语作状语)
戴着山顶洞人的面具,马兹鲁夫博士穿过大学的营地。
