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第3 讲 介词
1．表示方位的介词
We walked across① the beach，through② the woods and finally came to③ the house which
was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping into⑥ the house，we found a small
black table，over⑦ which was a lamp.Then we looked around⑧，only to find nothing.My friend
found something special—an empty box.Beneath⑨ it was a note saying，“Stand beside⑩ the
window and look out of ⑪ it.” From ⑫ the window we saw another house beyond ⑬ a small
hill.
[规则感悟] ①across 指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through 指从立体的事物中间穿过。
③to 指“到某处，去某处”。④under 在……下面，无接触面。⑤in 在……里面。⑥into
到……里面。⑦over 在……正上方(无接触面)；on 在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around 在/向……
周围。⑨beneath 在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside 在……旁边。⑪out of 向/在……外面。
⑫from 从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。
2．表示时间的介词
It happened on① a Saturday morning in② November,2021.My parents left home at③ 6∶00
am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in② two hours.However，it
wasn’t long before④ someone knocked at the door，and I looked through the peephole and saw
a stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didn’t open it until⑤ my parents came
back.During⑥ the two hours ，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn’t
listen to him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting out of the door for⑦
two hours since 6∶10 am.” Why had my uncle changed so much over⑧ the years?
[规则感悟] ①on 指在具体的某一天。②in 用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指
上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at 用在几点钟或
night/noon 之前。④before 在……之前。⑤until 直到……时候。⑥during 在……期间。⑦for
表示延续一段时间。⑧over 表示“在……期间”，表延续。
3．表示原因的介词
John was punished for① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over② it and he
trembled with③ anger because of④ John’s bad behaviour.
[规则感悟] ①for 表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over 用在表示情绪的
形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with 用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because
of/owing to/due to/thanks to 之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。
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4．其他重要介词
Between① the two opinions，I am for② the first one but against③ the second one.By④
wearing school uniforms ，students can be treated equally by④ others despite⑤ the different
economic backgrounds among⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Most
students except⑨ a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for⑩ the fact that they
are not fashionable.
[规则感悟] ①between 表示“两者之间”。②for 表示“支持”。③against 表示“反对”。
④by 表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite 表示“尽管”，等于in
spite of。⑥among 表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides 表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within
表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except 表示同类事物除外。⑩except for 表示与整体陈述相对
的细节修补。
一、介词的省略
1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all 等时，介词常
省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果，医生远离我。
3．习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time
(in) doing sth，waste some time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy
(in) doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.
弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
二、介词不可省略的问题
1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.
这个问题很值得关注。
3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须
加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
三、介词短语
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1．介词与名词构成的搭配：
(1)at＋名词
at a loss 不知所措
at the cost of 以……的代价
at peace 处于和平状态
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at war 处于战争状态
at the mercy of 在……支配下；由……摆布
at the same time 同时
(2)on＋名词
on exhibition/show/display 在展出
on account of 因为
on fire 着火
on average 平均；一般地
on sale 出售；打折
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不
on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
(3)by＋名词
by accident/chance 偶然地
by hand 手工
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by coincidence 碰巧
by nature 天生地
(4)in＋名词
in cash 用现金付款
in charge of 掌管
in depth 在深度上
in return 作为回报
in detail 详细地
in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危
in height 在高度上
in spite of 尽管
in length 在长度上
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in exchange for 作为交换
in favor of 支持，赞成
in no time 立刻
in case of 万一；如果；假使
in no way 决不
in support of 为支持……
in place of 代替
in honour of 为向……表示敬意
in possession of 拥有，占有
in memory of 为了纪念……
in addition to 另外
(5)of＋名词
of benefit 有益处的
of significance 有意义的
of help 有帮助的
of use 有用的
of importance 重要的
of value 有价值的
(6)out of＋名词
out of balance 失去平衡
out of order 发生故障
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of sight 看不见
out of control 失去控制
out of the question 不可能
out of date 过期
out of work 失业
out of touch 失去联系
(7)under＋名词
under attack 遭到袭击
under treatment 在治疗中
under pressure 在压力下
under control 处于控制之中
under repair 在修理中
under discussion 在讨论中
(8)with＋名词
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with delight/joy 高兴地
with fear 害怕地
with difficulty 困难地
with pleasure 乐意地
with ease 轻而易举地
(9)beyond＋名词
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond description 难以描述
beyond reach 够不到
beyond expression/words 难以表达
2．形容词与介词构成的搭配：
(1)be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about 为……忧虑
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about 对……担心
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因/对……生气
be good at 擅长
be astonished at 对……吃惊
be present at 出席
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in 富含……
be occupied in 忙于……
(4)be＋adj.＋for
be eager for 渴望……
be famous for 因……著名
be fit for 适合，胜任……
be ready for 准备好……
be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be prepared for 为……做好准备
(5)be＋adj.＋from
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be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
(6)be＋adj.＋to
be close to 接近……
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于……；胜任……
be familiar to 对……熟悉
be friendly to 对……友好
be harmful to 对……有害
be kind to 对……友好
be similar to 与……相似
be grateful to 对……心存感激
(7)be＋adj.＋of
be aware of 意识到……
be fond of 喜欢……
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 缺乏……
be critical of 对……挑剔
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be combined with 与……结合
be patient with 对……有耐心
be popular with 受……欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意
be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气
3．介词与其他词构成的搭配：
but for 要不是
instead of 代替
regardless of 不管，不顾
apart from 除……之外
up to 直到；由……决定
according to 根据
along with 随着
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together with 连同
by means of 用……办法；借助……
owing to 因为
四、动词与介词构成的搭配
1．“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构
accuse sb of sth 指责/控告某人某事
cure sb of sth 治好某人的某种疾病
rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物
cheat sb of sth 骗走某人某物
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
convince sb of sth 使某人确信某事
suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人某事
2．“动词＋sb＋for＋doing sth”结构
blame sb for doing sth 指责某人做某事
批评某人做某事
原谅某人做某事
punish sb for doing sth 因做某事而惩罚某人
thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做某事
3．“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构
prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人/物做某事
protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done 保护某人/物免于被……
ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth 禁止某人/物做某事
4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配
account for 占……(比例)；解释……(原因)
act as 充当；起作用
break away from 脱离；逃离
bring about 引起；导致；造成
call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求
carry out 履行；实施；执行
carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现
come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现
come to an end 终止，结束
come up with 提出
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do harm to 对……有害
do without 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去
end up with 以……结束
get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚
get around 传播；流传；各处走动
get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get over 解决；克服；控制
get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱
get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)
give rise to 使发生
give way to 屈服；退让；让步
go against 违反；与……不符
go in for 参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好
go through 经历
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起
look into 调查；审查
make the best of 充分利用；尽力而为
be made up of 由……组成
put up with 忍受，容忍
see through 看穿；识破
see to 照料；处理
set about 着手做
show around/round 领(某人)参观
show off 炫耀；展示
take in 吸入；理解，领会
take on 承担；呈现，具有
work out 计算出；制定出
对点练习
1 ．She patted him ____________ the head and said ，“ My little boy ，do you feel more
comfortable now than before？”
2．If you could exchange lives ____________ someone for a short time，would you like to do
that?
3．As a result，he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannot write ______ means of a pen or
pencil.
4．But wildlife today disappears or is ____________ danger just because humans do harm to it.
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5．Many times we don’t realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them
________ granted until we find ourselves in a new situation.
6．The teacher paused ____________ purpose to remind the students to stop talking.
1．The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ______________
2.1 in women and men.(2021·浙江1 月)
2 ．Museums must compete ____________ people’s spare time and money with other
amusements.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
3．Some time after 10000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
__________，through agriculture.(2020·浙江7 月)
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．—We had a really damp September this year.
—I can’t remember ____________ autumn when it rained so much.
2．But she quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in ______ last row.
3．Among ____________ “four new great inventions”，online shopping was invented and
pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U．K.in 1979.
4．“As soon as he opens ____________(he) mouth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very
surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
5 ．But it’s difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan
__________(they)．
6 ．I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after ____________(I) and live
independently.
7．When they grow older than three years old，________ is easier for girls to catch colds than
boys.
8．Pregnant women，for example，should limit ________(they) intake of coffee.
9．This young man likes travelling—he is always ____________ the move.
10 ．It means that we cannot use some modern household items ，____________ washing
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machines because they use too much water.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1 ．The tactile( 可触知的) paintings work as a way to reveal art to ________________ blind
because we don’t see with just our eyes：We see with our brains.(2022·浙江6 月)
2．Luc Gandarias，who’s now thirteen，went blind suddenly ______ age seven.(2022·浙江6
月)
3．_______ friend of his，Wu Fan，volunteered to be his companion during the trip.(2022·全国
甲)
4．He flew 4,700 kilometers ____________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20，planning to hike back
to Xi’an in five months.(2022·全国甲)
5 ．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day ，which was named officially
____________ the United Nations on November 27th,2019.(2022·全国乙)
6 ．May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day...To celebrate ________________
festival ，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on
Thursday.(2022·全国乙)
7．The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening
__________(it) first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022·
全国乙)
8．Covering an area about three times ____________ size of Yellowstone National Park ，the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
9 ．It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang Dynasty and has now been
completely restored(修复)．(2021·全国甲)
10．Although Mary loved flowers，____________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
(2021·浙江6 月)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
(2019·全国Ⅲ改编)
On our way to the house,1.____________ was raining so hard that we couldn’t help
wondering how long 2.____________ would take to get there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3.____________ dogs ，seven to be
exact.They were well trained 4.____________ their masters who had great experience with caring
for these animals.Our hosts shared many of 5.____________(they) experiences and recommended
wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and
other fruits from their trees in 6.________ backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited 7.____________(we) to local events and let us
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know of 8.____________ interesting competition to watch，together with the story behind it.They
also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.On
9.____________ last day of our week-long stay ，we were invited to attend a private concert
10.____________ a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and
meeting interesting locals.
1．在抽象名词具体化时，使用不定冠词使文章更加生动简洁
(2020·全国Ⅱ)我们一边摘苹果，一边吃苹果。真是一件乐事啊！
We picked apples while having a good taste of them.What a pleasure!
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)因为被内容所吸引，阅读Youth 成为我每天必须做的一件事。
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2．使用it 作形式主语可以丰富文章句式
(2022·全国乙)学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。
It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline ，and it’s also urgent for
parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
(2021·上海)从你上一封信中得知你对学习汉语很感兴趣，真是太好了。
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3．使用it 作形式宾语可以使句子亮点更多
(2022·浙江1 月)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨
论。
I thought it impossible to persuade him into accepting my views，so I didn’t want to waste our
time discussing.
(2021·全国乙)虽然在线学习让人们获得知识更容易了，但对于缺乏自律的人来说，在线学
习也是一个挑战。
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4．用介词短语代替简单的状语从句
(2022·全国乙)由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。
Because of their lack of self-discipline ，they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or
playing games.
(2021·天津6 月)因为你们的热情款待和帮助，我在英国过得很愉快。
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