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三年（2020-2022）高考真题英语分项汇编
专题13 阅读理解七选五
2022 年高考真题
1.【2022 年新高考1 卷】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason
was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read:
“___36___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【36 题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One
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reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊
登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就
会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'll work harder if you
train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【37 题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和
后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体
健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项
D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员
吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【38 题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a
useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文
“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那
个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout
partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【39 题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of
training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and
her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在
了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，
以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的
锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner
should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【40 题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后
文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more
physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，
要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with
each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
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2.【2022 年全国甲卷】
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. B
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【36 题详解】
根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文
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主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D 项“Don’t get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标
题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你
和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
【37 题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put
them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of
you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行
了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F 项“Never stick them upright in your food or
cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也
是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
【38 题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In
India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat
with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一
个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲
述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C 项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with
utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
【39 题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In
Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.
Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这
向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，
在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G 项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt
and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在
用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【40 题详解】
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化
习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，
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the+比较级”结构，B 项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合
文意，引出下文。故选B。
3.【2022 年全国乙卷】
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-
distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
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G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【36 题详解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电
话。）讲
是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D 项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并
坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D 项。
【37 题详解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be
contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的
频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E 项“朋友需要谈论他
们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant
written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有
其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。）对E 项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，
上下文语意连贯。故选E 项。
【38 题详解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的
那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G 项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出
了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”
分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G 项符合题意。
故选G 项。
【39 题详解】
分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文
“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于
异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要
的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A 项“记得重要的日子”，所以A 项符合题意。故选A
项。
【40 题详解】
设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious
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effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是
我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F 项“朋友之间很容易通
过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句
“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题
“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F 项。
4.【2022 年新高考2 卷】
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to
practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
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【16 题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to
your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写
一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10 到15 分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是
要学会不间断地写，D 选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技
巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
【17 题详解】
空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担
心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B 选项“Let your pen follow the waves of
thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选
B。
【18 题详解】
空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快
速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself
headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自
己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E 选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明
了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E 选项承上启下，符合语境，
故选E。
【19 题详解】
空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F 选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave
enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”
一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，
因此F 选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【20 题详解】
空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes
into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到
你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修
改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G 选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft,
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again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的
是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因
此G 选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
2021 年高考真题
1.【2021 年新高考1 卷】
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 1 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically
expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in
the hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing （水
管）worked. 2 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, "Ouverture des
portes, " in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame l don't have much
use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this
paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 3 French strawberries do not
taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
4 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and
I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost ＄18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency （效率）. You can tell this by café
life. French cafés are always crowded. 5 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour
workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies
limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
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E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
【文章大意】作者通过亲身体验，感受了法国高品质的生活：高级公寓，美味食物，舒缓的生活节奏和每
周35 小时的工作时间。
【解析】1 ：F。考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空后的So 表明该空与空后句为因果逻
辑关系，又根据空前句作者夫妇在法国度过了一周，可知，他们的目的是想体验法国当地人的生活，所以
他们租了一间公寓。故选F。
2 ：C。考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前的plumbing，空后的building, lift 是在介绍
作者夫妇租住的公寓，与C 选项中的kitchen 和bed 为同话题词复现。故选C。
3 ：G。考查段中空。解题语句：空前句。分析题目可知，空前一句eat great food and never gain weight 与
G 选项中so delicious that you don't need much of it 构成同义替换。故选G。
4 ：E。考查段首空。解题语句：空后句。分析题目可知，前文提到法国人与你我不同之处在于他们吃的
食物很精致，摄入量很少，所以他们的体重不会增加，空后提到作者夫妇的一次经历，通过But they cost
＄18 可知法国的食物很贵，这也是法国人食物摄入量少的另外一个原因。故选E。
5 ：A。考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前always crowded 提到咖啡馆里人很多，且
French cafés 与A 选项中的customers 为同话题词复现，又根据空后When do these people work？以及The
French 可知咖啡馆的顾客中不光有游客，也有法国当地人。故选A。
2.【2021 年全国甲卷】
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing
takes a huge amount of natural resources
（资源）
to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or
throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-
but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 1 . It's the best way to
get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously,
how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
• Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 2 , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
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• 3 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
• Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 4 . Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap
should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them —things always look different when
you put them on.
• Set a starting time. Maybe you say "go, " or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 5 . And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【文章大意】：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何进行旧衣服的分类和处理，以使衣服得到循环利用。
1 ：B。考查过渡句。空后句意为这是最好的方法摆脱你的旧衣服，得分从你的朋友，并有一个聚会，所
有在同一时间。此空前一句作者提出问题：那么如何处理那些状况良好但你又不喜欢的堆在卧室地板上的
衣服呢？再结合下一段开头 "A successful swap 一个成功的交换" ，故这里答案选B（举办服装交换派对）。
2 ：A。考查过渡句。根据分号后面的句式 "more than that, and…" , 说明空格应该选和其一致的句式，
"Less people than that" 正好对应了此句式。带入验证，翻译：人比这少，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；
不仅如此，它变得无法控制。可知正符合。故选A。
3 ：G。考查开头句。根据空后 "They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes
home. " 他们还应该准备大量可重复使用的袋子，把 "新" 衣服带回家。从also 可以得知，大家应该把衣
服带来，故选G。
4 ：F。考查过渡句。空前句意为把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。空后句意为在你的房间周围放
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几面镜子，这样人们在试穿时就能看到东西的样子。由此推之，这里应该是让大家把各自的衣服放在房间
合适的地方，故选F。
5 ：D。考查过渡句。此空前一句意为 "或许你可以说开始或者打开某首歌曲或者别的什么"。由此可以推
之，这里应该是把音乐循环播放。故选D。
3.【2021 年全国乙卷】
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself
interesting at a dinner party.
1 , if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first
time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to
strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than
"What do you do for a living? ", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it
is you're talking to. 2 , it can bring in "I have this old, broken-down vehicle" or "I rode the bus with
these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back." It just opens up conversation.
3 ? If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox（讲
台）. If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them
from the situation. 4 .
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward
silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a
compliment （赞扬）. 5 . Just quickly turn around and say, "This cake is extremely delicious and
you have to tell me all about it."
So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.
A.How do you know the host
B.The first step is to go exploring
C.If you ask the question "How did you get here?"
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D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在宴会上如何使自己变得有趣、避免尴尬和沉默的一些具体
做法，如积极地提出问题，赞美主人等。
【解析】1 ：B。考查段首空。解题语句：空后段落内容。分析题目可知，空后的内容out of your comfort
zone, show up and be adventurous 与B 选项中go exploring 构成同义替换。故选B。
2 ：C。考查段中空。解题语句：空后一句。分析题目可知，空后vehicle 和bus 均为交通方式，又结合前
文start the conversation with a question 可知，该空应为提问客人是如何到达的。故选C。
3 ：F。考查段首空。解题语句：空后一句。分析题目可知，空后一句can't take their wine away 与F 选项中
too much to drink 构成同义替换以及take away their soapbox 与F 选项中won't stop talking 构成同义替换。故
选F。
4 ：E。考查段尾空。解题语句：空前一句。分析题目可知，前文if you're the host, you can…是在对应付饮
酒过量或话很多的一类人提出的一种处理方式，E 选项… where they have little to say 是在提出另外一种解
决方式。故选E。
5 ：G。考查段中空。解题语句：空前一句。分析题目可知，前文提到碰到大家都沉默的情况下，缓解尴
尬的方式是对主人提出赞扬，空后给出具体方式。空前awkward silence 与G 选项awkwardness 构成同义替
换，G 选项中He or she 指代前文host。故选G。
4.【2021 年6 月浙江卷】
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a
brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. 1
"I often send postcards to family and friends, " he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after
a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it, 2 "
Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online,
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Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but
Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing. com, a social network that has grown to
575, 217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 3 Running the
website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common
communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to
receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. 4 So a
common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to Engish. 5 That said, we know of many
postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their
use of postcrossing. " Paulo says.
A.And that's totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far
away.
【文章大意】一位热爱明信片的电脑工程师把这项热爱发展成了他的全职事业，并介绍了一些写明信片的
困难和益处。
【解析】1.G。考查与上文的联系。前文以具体形象的例子表现主人公对明信片的喜爱：loves open…and
find a brightly colored picture of…，or…or…，这些brightly colored pictures 正是明信片。因此，下一句进行
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总结。In short 简言之，就是上文的概括，概括为loves postcards and the excitement…喜欢明信片，喜欢收到
远方朋友手写卡片的兴奋感。故选G 项。
2 ：A。考查前后文联系。上文说 "你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢明信片"，下文说 "寻找其他志同道合的
人……" 表示主人公接受上文所讲事实，然后才能和有共同兴趣的人继续自己的爱好。A 项 "这完全没问
题" 正是表示主人公接受这一点。故选A 项。
3 ：E。考查段落主旨和前后文联系。全段都在写主人公将自己的爱好发展成了一个成功的社交网站。前
文的各项数据也和E 项的数据衔接自然，都是在介绍这个网站的成功；同时，这些数据的量都很大，使得
空白后 "运营这个网站几乎成了全职工作" 成为必然的结果。故选E 项。
4 ：F。考查段落主旨和前后文联系。全段都在写对于写明信片来说，语言可能是一个障碍。4 空前是具体
的论据 "尽管收到一封用中文写的明信片很酷，但如果收信人不理解中文的话，这个明信片就没什么意义"
。紧接着加F 项 "类似地，如果你只讲中文，收到一封瑞典语的明信片也会让乐趣大打折扣" 同样都是对
段落主旨的论证，而在衔接上用了similarly 也很自然，故选F 项。
5 ：B。考查与上文的联系。前文说 "很多中国人对英语的接触有限"，这导致用英语写明信片比较难，正
是B 项所说 "那使得学习和练习写英语明信片尤其得难"。选项中That 指代上文的句子；而句尾的it 指代
上一段段尾句English is required in postcrossing。B 项与上文衔接紧密，故选B 项。
2020 年高考真题
1. 【2020·全国卷I】
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36.
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you
hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your
own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes
and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you
could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned.
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But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words
why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a
page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36.B 根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance(自我接纳的几点建议)及下文的Here's a handful of ways that
will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you
start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B 项。
37.F 根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?
Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们
的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述
不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing
yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F 项。
38. D 根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的
You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作
一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔
接最好，故选D 项。
39. C 根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，这些
小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，即没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。故选C 项。
40.A 结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words
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back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这
些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you
are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可推知本句是在说明“再次感到
心烦意乱”的情况。选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A 项。
2. 【2020·全国卷II】
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and
play. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is
that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.
40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
36.D 根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at
work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's
been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些
西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选
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择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题
意。故选D。
37. A 根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默
和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁
的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more
conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
38.G 根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common
ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22 岁到70 岁甚至更大，在
交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与
选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。
39.B 根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了
一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a
formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
40. F 根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积
极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier
communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
3. 【2020·全国卷III】
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or
house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for
friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the new space with
love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some
common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give
all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person
moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
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to a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.E 上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是
朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句
And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填
补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E 项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机
会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37. B 下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like
curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或
绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B 项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出
下文，故选B。
38.C 本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot
of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以
主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分
享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C 项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。
故选C。
39. A 本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家
后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见
的，A 项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
40.G 上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼
物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G 项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。
符合语境。故选G。
4. 【2020·山东卷】
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here
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are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of
a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably
can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your
audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners
wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G 项:然
而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者
要训练。故选G。
17.A 下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，
当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A 项Do
the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，
除非是非常严重的错误。C 项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选
C。
19. B 本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什
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么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.D 下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than
anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结
束。D 项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
5. 【2020·浙江卷】
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31. His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and
his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours
by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to
me every evening. 32. I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public
library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer
pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 33.
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and
constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my
creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34. I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects
and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends
who wanted to make things with me.
35. My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My
brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in
autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
31.G 设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his
interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G 项中的“My elder
brother”，且G 项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G 项。故选G 项。
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32. D 根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D 项“我喜欢书中的彩色
照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D 项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D 项切题。
故选D 项。
33.A 根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A 项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A 项切
题。故选A 项。
34.F 根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F 项“于是，我开始对制造
东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。
F 项切题。故选F 项。
35.E 根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E 项“我很早养
成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E
项切题。故选E 项。
II．阅读理解新题型
2021 年3 月天津卷
I've always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts（手工）
and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big
insurance company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same
work five days a week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful
enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community
college. It was only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I
signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave
me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
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As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work
at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment（满足
感）.
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult
decision-leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I've been following my heart to do what I love. Today I
am living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it's hard to make a change, but I'm so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that
very small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
1. What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
3. How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
4. What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
5. Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
1.She was interested in arts, crafts and music./She was interested in creative things.
2.Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
3.She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
4.She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course./She attended a sewing class and took a part-time
design course.
5.Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes, (I do). I'd like to live a
creative life and make changes when necessary as she did./No, (I don't). I don't like changes and I want to live a
secure life.
【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容 "I've always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was
filled with arts, crafts（手工）and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.（从我还是一个小
女孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒
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险。）" 可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感
兴趣。故答案为：She was interested in arts, crafts and music./She was interested in creative things.
2 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句后句 "Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.（这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。不久我
决定做出改变。）" 可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内容' "As
it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance
company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment（满足感）.（当我越来越清
楚地意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。没有活
力，没有动力，没有满足感。）" 可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让她感觉
无聊。由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为：Boring./
Dull/Uninteresting.
3 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容"As l dreamt bigger, l began looking into college courses for Fashion
Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. l attended classes two nights a week.
Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装
设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给了我活
力、热情和快乐。）"可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答案为：
She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
4 细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句"One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a
sewing course at a community college. （我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫课。） "、
第四段关键句" As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later
I signed up for a part-time design course.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月
后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。）"和倒数第三段内容"I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After
struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision-leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
（我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我做出了一个艰难的决定，离开我的工作，并全
职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。）可知，作者为了恢复她有创造力的生活，她参加了一
个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上时装设计课，根据题目要求，从中选出两点事
实即可，不超过15 个词。故答案为：She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course./She attended a
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sewing class and took a part-time design course.
5. 开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案：如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是" She has the courage to
follow her heart and do what she really likes.（她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的事。）"；如果答案
是否定的，原因可以是"I don't like changes and I want to live a secure life.（我不喜欢变化，我想过安全的生
活。）"。故答案为：Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes, (I do).
I'd like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she did./No, (I don't). I don't like changes and I
want to live a secure life.
2. 【2020·天津卷（一）】
阅读短文, 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson The teacher told us to
record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to
listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone
else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not
make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my
computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.
Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were confident,
comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones
you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities.
Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop
hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more
living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of
helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not
ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
56. Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
57. What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
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58. What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
59. Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
60. Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And
why? （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
56. Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.
57. Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. Accept.
Or: Welcome.
59. To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起
来。后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Society，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，
共同提高。
56. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate
reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was
something strange about me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。
作者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音
小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her voice was different
from what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little voice.
57. 段落大意题。根据第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to
avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working
from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort
zone shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者
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越隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案
为：Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. 词义猜测题。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout
the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最
大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害
羞。embrace 原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcome.
59. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to
shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty
Society 是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故
答案为：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. 推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Society 是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这
个织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高社
交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and
become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I will
encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
3. 【2020·天津卷（二）】
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow,
especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my
elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just
weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when
my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This
new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to
show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry,
biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On
this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I
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ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers
who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually
felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my
own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
_________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
_________________________
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. (How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所
以他总是被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，
他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
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56. 词义猜测题。根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of
walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For
years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the
neglected one.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是
当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被
忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one 可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被
忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. 细节理解题。根据第二段的but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had
to start at a new school all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独
自在一个新的学校开始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新
的开始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. 细节理解题。根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those
interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我
一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一
天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad 队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥
哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. 主旨大意题。根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s
only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader
definition than what I used to think.(现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按
照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段
主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader
definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. 开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool
because I can show how strong I am.
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Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
4. 【2020·江苏卷】
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Humor
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor
makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good
sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in
your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your
overall energy even more.
Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and
sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all
senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who
directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person.
You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to
try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in
others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor.
For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make
humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor.
One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart
you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the
target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit
self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others
from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
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Humor
Benefits of humor
●Humor is form of 71. . Humor can improve one’s72. and
personality.
●Humor can make one 73. in his work, study, and life.
●Humor has a positive74. effect when we are in difficulties.
75. to follow
●76. others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke
yourself when showing your sense of humor.
●Quality counts 77. than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can 78.
others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to 79.
●One humorous complaint makes funny person. But too many
complaints will 80. your audience.
●Self-deprecating comments show one’s assurance. But too much deprecation
will make a Chihuahua dog.
【答案】
71. entertainment
72. appearance/look
73. energetic
74. psychological
75. Tips/Suggestions/Advice
76. Preparing
77. less
78. relieve/free
79. avoid/skip
80. bore/tire/exhaust
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处，讲遵循的技巧以及所要避开的陷阱。
71. 原词再现题。根据文章第一段“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some
of its biggest benefits( 如果你把幽默看作是一种可选的娱乐形式，你就错过了它的一些最大的好处)”可知，
幽默是一种娱乐形式。故填entertainment。
72. 语意转化题。根据文章第一段“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people
seem entertaining. (幽默能让相貌平平的人看起来可爱，让不感兴趣的人看起来很有趣。)”可知，幽默可以
改善一个人的外表和个性。故填appearance/look。
73. 词性转换题。根据文章第二段“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on
everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. (最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，这会对你在
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学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。)”可知，幽默能使人在工作、学习和生活中充满活力。句
中名词energy 转换成形容词energetic 故填energetic。
74. 语意转化题。根据文章第三段“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. (幽默还能
使你的思维从日常烦恼中解脱出来。)”可知，幽默让你理解生活，有时帮助你在最困难时能够大笑。可以
推断出当我们遇到困难时，幽默会对我们的心理产生影响。故填psychological。
75. 原词再现题。根据文章第四段“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
(所以我觉得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧会很有用。)”可知，这里为幽默所要遵循的建议或技巧。故填
Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
76. 语意转化题。根据文章第五段“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for
others to add humor. (你可以把谈话引向有趣的话题，而这些话题已经为其他人增添了幽默感。)”可知，这
里指为他人准备一场有趣的对话。所填词中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填Preparing。
77. 语意转化题。根据文章第六段“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. (说到个人幽默，努
力是很重要的。)”和”For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort
count a lot.( 对于面对面的幽默，质量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的态度和努力很重要。)”可知，质量没
有态度和努力重要。故填less。
78. 原词再现题。根据文章第六段“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long
kept humor in others. (所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失败了，你也可能释放了别人长期保持的幽默。)”可知，
即使是一个愚蠢的笑话也能让别人免于风险和尴尬。短语relieve/free…of…免于……。故填relieve/free。
79. 归纳总结题。根据表格此栏后面的内容可知，这里是讲幽默所需要避开的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
80. 语意转化题。根据文章倒数第二段”One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but
five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. (对生活中
某个问题的一个有趣的观察可能很有趣，但五个就是只有抱怨了，不管你认为自己有多聪明。有趣的抱怨
会让人筋疲力尽。)”可知，太多的抱怨只会让人厌烦或筋疲力尽。故填bore/tire/exhaust。
2019 年高考真题
1. 【2019·全国卷I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to
recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-
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then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to
breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently ，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green ，growing things can reduce stress ，lower blood pressure ，and put people into a better mood( 情
绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a
faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure
you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心
健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36.E
根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E 选项是一般疑问
句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get
some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37.A
根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可
知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen
to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前
面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺
部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A 选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38.G
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根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G 选项提到
该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places 就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C
前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，
降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康
复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it 也要指代这种情况。故C 选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神
焕发。
40.D
根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应
该提到阳光。选项中只有D 选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
2. 【2019·全国卷II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?
This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin.
___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and
think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You
must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to
set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome
them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
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B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G
上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启
下，G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B
下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B 选项“那么你应该如何
激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38.A
上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该
空承上启下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39.E
上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选
E。
40.C
上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重
新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，
故选C。
3. 【2019·全国卷III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___
While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be
able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the
course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't
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hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中
列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36.E
根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors
is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了
一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E 符合语境。
37.G
根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），
解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G 项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要
提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。
38.A
根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要
参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39.C
根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，
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不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，
他们会主动问起的，故选项C 符合语境。
40.F
通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可
能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评
价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F 符合上下文语境。
4. 【2019·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build
a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring
top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football ，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and
basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the
players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly ，this trend isn’t
evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team
requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual
players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance
will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance
when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，
he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate ，affecting the team's
performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as
in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
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G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的
人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。
46.B
上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人
个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B 选项“运动队老
板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
47.E
下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。”该空引出下文，E 选项“最近的几项研究调查
了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
48.G
上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明
了研究结果，该空承上启下，G 选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选
G。
49.D
上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D 选项“球星显然没有遵守运
动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
50.F
下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空
引出下文，F 选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
5. 【2019·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,
they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large
concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as
a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul
McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New
York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was
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broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles
were described as a British invasion( 入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in
America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot
of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。
31. C
第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time 可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music 有关，选项中只有
C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。
32. B
空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the
hottest thing 可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文意，
且关键词even 是一个提示，故选B。
33.A
根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样
反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以A 项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选A。
34. G
根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G 中的关键词their first concert
前后呼应。故选G。
35. E
根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E 项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士），符
合逻辑。故选E。
II．阅读理解新题型
1.阅读表达
（2019·天津卷）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
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Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day
and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800
students lining the hallways with handmade cards ，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy
birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway ，some popped out of lime to hug him. They
handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of
affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other
times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name
each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and
Lucy，who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop
what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him ，he will pause to
give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading
teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect
a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday ，so he was happy the students had
prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student
stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。
Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80 生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的
生日，表达了对Mabry 的热爱。
56.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks
into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the
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hallways.”可知Haze Mabry 是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：
Cleaning the (school) building； Or：doing（the） cleaning；
Or: He cleans the (school)building； Or: He does (the) cleaning.
57.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with
handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of
line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800 名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他
唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：
By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged
him.
58.
猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry 庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以
及“They’re like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们
对Mabry 的热爱。因此Mabry 被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love。
Or: liking.
Or: Fondness.
59.
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his
undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circles
around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”
可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋
工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students, and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60.
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考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只
要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可
为：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
2.任务型阅读
（2019·江苏卷）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains
and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other
animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals( 哺乳动物)weighing sixty
kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so
fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately,
that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry
around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man,
the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is
at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their
large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and
weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee( 黑猩猩) can't win an
argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.
In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or
signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years
to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was
quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad
vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
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We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the
most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which
they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago despite their big brains and
sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction
• Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two
___71___ of human beings.
The ___72___ of large
human brains
• The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
• The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more
energy.
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the body is at rest.
• Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The ___74___ of
walking upright
• Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ___75___ against enemies.
• Freed hands can serve some ___76___ purpose and perform complex tasks.
• Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ___77___
the size of brains.
• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
Conclusion
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ other beings in terms of
intelligence.
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ of meat-eating
animals.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。主要叙述人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大
脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物
和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的
动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
71. characteristics
【解析】考查信息归纳。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and
the ability to walk upright on two legs.” 可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点
(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
72. disadvantages
【解析】考查信息归纳。72 题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本
空格填写disadvantages。
73. energy
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【解析】考查信息来源。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It
(the brain) consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require
only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。 当身体处于休息时，大脑要
消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要
的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。
74. impact(s)
【解析】考查信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78 小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙述了
直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。
75. guard
【解析】考查信息转换。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.
Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，
更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or 为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故
空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故本空填写guard。
76. other 考查信息来源。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for
other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their
hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。
77. limits
【解析】考查信息归纳。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors
developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an
upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直
立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，⻣骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走
对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。
78. physical
【解析】考查信息转换。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and
painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代
价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
79. beat
【解析】根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have
made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些
使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，
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即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故本空填beat。
80. fearful/afraid
【解析】根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they
weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone
tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生
物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故
本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。
2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·全国卷I】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to
manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room
that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is
the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful
sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____.
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at
wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
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E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
36.B 【解析】36 题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D、E、F、G 项。根据前文
的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
37.A 【解析】前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。
所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
38.D 【解析】本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。
故选D。
39.G 【解析】根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着
表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。
40. F 【解析】前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant 你所付诸的时间、精力和
相关的费用是巨大的。后文F 那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。
2.【2018·全国卷II】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and
find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being
physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in
the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
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A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻
炼。
36.G 【解析】根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能
带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G 项中
then listen up!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。
37.E 【解析】根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E 项（你可以在运动后
保持头脑清醒4-10 个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。
38.F 【解析】空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路
里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F 项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空
后句子是对F 项的进一步延伸。故选F。
39.B 【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B 项（你的睡
眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。
40.A 【解析】根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to
healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选
择。）”，A 项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。
3.【2018·全国III】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and
sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
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___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances.
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
36.B 【解析】根据空后的内容We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance
at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里是说遭美国都有人跳舞
从弗罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，因此B 项符合题意。
37.D 【解析】根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s
great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D 和F 符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此
段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选D。
38.A 【解析】根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。
39.F 【解析】根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻
底改变，故选F。
40.E 【解析】根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E 符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历
介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。
3.【2018·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure
that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to
make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat,
clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help
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to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small
garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor
suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable,
while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and
taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that
everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
31.G
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，
最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G 项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助
你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。
32.F
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内
户外环境，F 项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意
思一致，故选F。
33.E
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾
袋，E 项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
34.B
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻
居的隐私。B 项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。
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35.C
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好
属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C 项中considerate
behavior 是下文内容的概括，故选C。
5.【2018·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering （触发）
events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations.
51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here
are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.
____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal
history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that
connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.
53
Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not
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trigger another.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。
51.F 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering
（触发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三
个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F 选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来
评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。
52.G 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，
截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生
气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会
使别人生气这个现象，故G 选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可
能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。
53.E 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些
比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger 并不一定是一种持
久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特
征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where
anger is in the background of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的
大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。
54.A 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-
anger 或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，
故A 选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内
容，故选A。
55.D 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了
解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D 选项
（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。
6.【2018·天津卷】
阅读表达
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live
to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after
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school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What
could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started
climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But
it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried
sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there
be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming
back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that
mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and
regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night
will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb
high!
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more
than 15 words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10
words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
60. What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
57. Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
58. She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
59. We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
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Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
60. I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们：我们每个人在人生中都会
遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀登高峰。
56. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it
would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.可知，好奇心驱使作者
探索这些台阶通往什么，从而可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
57. 细节归纳题。根据文章第三段But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my
way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark
while trying not to get too scared.可知，作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4 个，考生只需要归纳2
个原因，注意字数的限制。
58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根据But something
inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.可知，作者
内心的某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。
根据这些归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
59. 句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall down.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑
战等”。由此可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
60. 开放题。首先要理解题干中的mountain 指的是“障碍或失败”，并且要陈述自己的理由，注意字数的
限制。
点睛：本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。整体文章易懂，但题目设置灵活，总体难度中等。考生不但要从文
章中找出答案，还要根据问题的设置归纳出相应的答案。书写答案的时候，考生要注意语法结构的正确以
及字数的限制。
7.【2018·江苏卷】
任务型阅读
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of
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music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.
The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,
technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living
wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading
belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and
promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than
10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005, when
the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing
more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz
concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the
Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are
galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is
renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in
public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce
$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than
Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which
actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers,
printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community
benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must
produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But
those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of
career possibilities.
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Arts as an
economic driver
Our communities ___71___ from arts in terms of economy.
___72___ of arts’
promoting our
economy
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effort. It involves creation, performance,
and ___74___.
★Artists make a living through their creative work.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They could help promote other
industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ___76___ to and from the events.
★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their
experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential ___77___ economic results.
★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly
$300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers
___78___ arts industry.
Art students
making a good living
With these ___79___ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and
have a(n) ____80____ plan.
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术是如何促进我们的经济发展的。
71.benefit 同义转化题。根据文章第一段But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.(艺术团体
给我们的社区带来了更大的价值。)，所填词的主语为Our communities，故应为我们的社区从艺术中收
益，所以用短语benefit from 从……受益。故填benefit。
72.Ways 归纳题。分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用way，
注意首字母大写及复数形式。故填Ways。
73.joint/collective 归纳题。根据文章第二段Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical
experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.可以归纳出，艺术活动需要集体共
同努力。故填joint/collective。
74.Promotion/marketing 词性转化题。根据文章第三段Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking
agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.中的动词promote 转化为名词promotion，
也可以用同义名词marketing。故填promotion/marketing。
75. Effect 原词再现题。根据文章第四段A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）
throughout a community.中的原词effect 可以得出答案。故填effect。
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76.fares 归纳题。根据文章第四段Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and
drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.可以归纳出，爵士爱好者除了买票之外，还需
要付来去交通费、住宿费等费用。故填fares。
77.Positive 归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support
44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.可知，艺术品投资可以产生潜在
的积极经济效果。故填positive。
78.outside/beyond 原词再现题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million
and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants,
marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.中的outside 可以得出
答案，也可以用其同义词beyond。故填outside/beyond。
79. statistics/data/analyses 归纳题。这里是对文章的总结，艺术生应该考虑到上文这些统计数据或分析，故
无需担心他们的职业。故填statistics/data/analyses。
80. Alternative 同义转化题。根据文章最后一段But those who truly understand the economic impact and can
work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.中的change the patterns 转化为同义
词alternative。故填alternative。
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