三年真题解读04(语法填空)
一、信息统计
表一
年份
卷别
体裁
主题
2025
全国一卷
说明文
围棋主题艺术展览
全国二卷
记叙文
作者经历从美国到浙江农村生活感受
2024
新课标I 卷
说明文
古丝绸之路与丝路花园互鉴
新课标Ⅱ
卷
说明文
汤显祖与莎士比亚互鉴
2023
新课标I 卷
说明文
中华美食——小笼包
新课标Ⅱ
卷
记叙文
作者在柏林动物园教英语
表二
年份
卷别
词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
名词
形容词
+副词
代词
介词
冠词
并列句
从句
2025
全国一卷
230
2
1
1
1+1
0
1
1
1
1
全国二卷
213
1
2
2
1+0
1
1
0
1
1
2024
新课标I 卷
225
1
1
3
2+0
0
1
1
0
1
新课标Ⅱ
卷
208
2
3
2
0+0
0
1
0
1
1
2023
新课标I 卷
190
0
4
0
1+1
1
1
1
1
0
新课标Ⅱ
卷
198
1
0
2
2+1
0
1
1
1
1
合计
7
11
10
7+3
2
6
4
5
5
二、多维解读
1. 从选材、选题上看，全国一卷/新课标I 卷对说明文情有独钟，全国二卷/新课标II 卷对记叙文青睐有
加。主题以中国传统文化或中国元素为主，兼顾生活故事个人经历。特别要注意的是：加强对以“弘扬
中国文化/文明，培养家国情怀，坚定文化自信”为主题的语法填空训练。请看：全国一卷语法填空语篇
介绍的围棋主题艺术展则巧妙融合传统文化、人工智能与当代艺术，是中国传统文化中的哲思与智慧与
现代科技结合的全新呈现；而全国二卷语法填空语篇通过一名定居中国的美籍女士对其在浙江乡间晾衣
后感受到“阳光的味道”的经历和充满感情的描述，展现中国人善用自然之力创造诗意栖居的生活智
慧。两篇语篇从不同视角构建起对中国智慧的立体诠释，在考查语言能力的同时，启发学生对中华文明
的深入思考，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信。
2. 从篇幅上看，字数控制在210 字左右。但是从2024 开始呈现逐步上升的趋势；
3. 从设空上看，有提示词与无提示词占比有7：3 的(四年高考)、也有6：4 的(两年高考)。笔者以为6：4
的难度稍大点；
4. 从考点上看，有提示词涉及：谓语动词、非谓语动词；名词、形容词和副词以及代词等考点；无提示词
涉及：介词、冠词、并列句(并列连词)和从句(状语从句的从属连词或定语从句的关系代词/关系副词)等
考
点；六年高考非谓语动词；有提示词的非谓语和名词考点占绝对多数，谓语、形容词考点紧随其后，副
词考点略少；无提示词的四大考点可以说每年相对持平。
【2025·全国一卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,
___56___ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of ___57___ earliest binary-based(基于二元的)games. The movements of the black and white
pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We
hope ___58___(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with
minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force
them to follow your ‘___59___(guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the
exhibition.
“The players’ personalities ___60___(reveal)during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the
opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ___61___(try)to beat the opponent ___62___ no more than one or
two points as a gesture(姿态)of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___63___(strategy)placement
of the pieces, ___64___ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,
___65___(digital)generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
【2025·全国二卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,
China with my Chinese husband and his family, ___56___ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木)grow wild in the
mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___57___(center)heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me ___58___ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never
imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ___59___ learn in a new
environment. Over time, I’ve found ___60___(I)feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve
experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
___61___(be)one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance
___62___(discover)one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for
an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ___63___(absent)of smog
and plenty of blue sky ___64___(afternoon)with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ___65___(leave)to sun for a day, well,
you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This
beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences
English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ___56___(engineer)techniques are applied to create this protective ___57___(function)structure
that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals
open on warm days ___58___(give)the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays
___59___(close)to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ___60___(walk)visitors through a journey influenced
by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ___61___ first time.
These plants included modern Western ___62___(favourite)such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also
contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300
plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ___63___ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the
southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route ___64___ brought the
plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____65____(rich)of gardening in England.
【2024·新课标全国II 卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the Shakespeare of
Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there
are common ___57___(theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare
Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___(be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I
happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and
Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two
years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___(build)at the Firs Garden,
just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___(visible), said Edmondson, adding
that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___(find)the connection between the
two great writers.
___64___(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting
Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It
was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ___65___ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,
___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive
steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ___57___(bite)a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), ___58___ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot
soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ___59___(recognize)home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There
you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ___60___
hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___61___(lift)out
of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ___62___(they)contents. The meat should be fresh with
___63___ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ___64___(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left
___65___(want)more next time.
【2023·新课标全国II 卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind
it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)speaking English.
And who do they speak English ___58___?
Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually
English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come
to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___61___(interview)in
English with international journalists. This is ___62___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the
panda programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I
___65___(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda
keepers do their job in English.
一、析空格，定考向
在浏览全文把握其文体和主旨大意后，认真分析空格处，对有提示词的空格和无提示词的空格的考
向作出判定。
有提示词空格的考向
所给提示词为：动词，名词，代词或形容词副词
说明：
1. 对谓语动词的考查也可以是时态、语态连起来考查，又可以是主谓一致结合语态考查；当然虚拟语
气肯定也要注意语态和主谓一致问题的。
特别注意谓语动词还可涉及到对祈使句的判断：
例如：(节选自2016·课标II 卷)It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever
it is, ___50___(make)sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】make
【解析】考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure 放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它
是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。
2. 动词的派生包括：转换成名词(可数名词还要注意单复数的情况)、转换成形容词、转换成反义词
等；
3. 名词的派生包括：转换成动词、转换成形容词、转换成反义词等；
4. 人称代词涉及到主格向宾格或所有格的转换；
5. 形容词的派生包括：转换成名词、转换成副词、转换成反义词等。特别要注意由分词转换而来的形
容词变成副词的问题(如：undoubtedly, tiredly, surprisingly 等)。另外不要忘记形容词(短语)是可以作
状语的。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________(hunger)and tired.
无提示词空格的考向
(空格处有可能要填的词)
说明：
1. it 代词的用法：指代上文事物，形式主语，形式宾语，强调句型以及动词短语中的it(get it, make
it 等)；
2. 人称代词和指示代词的指代；
3. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；
4 反身代词作宾语(宾语与主语为同一人或物)，尤其是动词短语中的反身代词；
5. 搭配中的介词主要指：介词短语中的介词、动词短语中的介词、形容词短语中的介词等；还有with
复合结构中的with；
6. 并列连词是指表示上下文的逻辑关系的各种连词；
7. 表示上下文逻辑关系的副词(短语)，尽管其不是用来连接主从复合句的，但可以将其归类为联系上
下文的连接副词；
8. 倒装句也包括省略if 的虚拟条件句；
9. 强调句亦包括用do, did 进行强调的句式；
10. 固定搭配或句型是指：as ... as possible, more than, on/upon doing sth., would ... rather than, it
was doing ... when ...等等类似的结构。
二、析句子，定答案
综合运用语法知识(包括：词法和句法知识)分析空格所在句子，遵循“变形、变性、补缺”皆要有
据可依的原则，缩小考向范围，最终锁定正确答案，填上正确的词形。
如果有可能，最好还要回头复查纠错。
友情提醒：更为详尽的解题锦囊，请参看有关语法填空后续的专题。
【典例】
【2025·浙江1 月卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ___56___ new way of
dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer
___57___(time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look
past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ___58___ the fact that they have something unique to
wear ___59___ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ___60___(rent) rather than purchase them outright,
providing a less expensive ___61___(solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept ___62___(be) certainly not
new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-
as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ___63___ she plans to
package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term
rental period. “I really want to make this work for ___64___(people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always
mean ___65___(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【与解题锦囊相匹配的解析】
(仅供考生自主练习或考试后反思<复盘>时以及教师考后讲评时参考)
【导语】
56 .【考向判定】
【答案推导】
57.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
58.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
59.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
60.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
61.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
62.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
63.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
64.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
65.【考向判定】
【答案推导】
【传统解析】
