二模前强化练02 阅读四选一之说明文
【试题解析】
【2026·江苏南通市第一次模拟C 篇】
As digital communication becomes the primary way many people connect, the language we use in these
spaces is constantly evolving. Texting has developed its own dialect(方言), filled with abbreviations like
“hru?”(how are you?). While nearly all texters use these shortcuts, the findings suggest that dashing off a swift
“hru?” might not appear as genuine as taking the time to spell out: “How are you?”
“While abbreviations can save time and effort, our research suggests that they may also slow down effective
communication and negatively influence interpersonal perceptions,” the authors write in Journal of Experimental
Psychology.
The findings challenge the common assumption about texting culture. While 99% of people report using
abbreviations and 84% believe others don’t mind them, the research shows that abbreviated messages consistently
create negative impressions. Perhaps most tellingly, only 15.8% of participants correctly predicted this negative
impact, while 80% assumed others would be indifferent to abbreviations.
David Fang at Stanford University and his colleagues ran the studies to explore the impact of abbreviations in
different messaging scenarios(情景). They examined over 200,000 conversations from 686 users spanning 37
countries and five continents. Researchers calculated the percentage of abbreviations participants used in their
messages. They discovered a clear pattern: conversations containing more abbreviations consistently died out faster.
“Our research reveals that texting abbreviations negatively affect interpersonal communication by decreasing
perceived effort, which in turn leads to lower perceived sincerity and responsiveness. Ultimately, our findings
highlight the importance of considering the impact of evolving language use in the digital era on the quality of
interpersonal communication,” Fang and his colleagues concluded.
Texting abbreviations could contribute to loneliness if people find that social bonds weaken over time because
they receive less frequent or positive replies to their texts, Fang said. But he doesn’t believe people should stop
using abbreviations altogether.
“We often tailor the effort we put into conversations to match the significance of the relationship. In some
cases, it makes sense to invest less effort, like quickly texting with a delivery driver,” Fang said. “However, our
findings are especially relevant when we want to strengthen social ties, such as at the beginning of a relationship or
when we need to make a good impression.”
28. What do the findings indicate about texting abbreviations?
A. They make senders seem insincere.
B. They have evolved over a long time.
C. They reshape digital communication.
D. They are a shortcut to learning dialects.
29. What do texters commonly assume about abbreviations?
A. They could become trendy.
B. They would not bother others.
C. They could ruin communication.
D. They would damage social connections.
30. Fang’s research reveals that the use of abbreviations is perceived as ________.
A. the evolution of language
B. a lower effort from the sender
C. an improved conversational quality
D. the preference for a shorter conversation
31. What is Fang’s view on using abbreviations?
A. It enhances social ties.
B. It should be abandoned.
C. It depends on the context.
D. It can simplify the content.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学方大卫及其团队关于短信缩写在人际交流中影响的研
究发现，揭示了其可能导致沟通效率降低、给他人留下负面印象，并强调缩写的使用需依具体情
境而定。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“While nearly all texters use these shortcuts, the findings suggest that dashing
off a swift “hru?” might not appear as genuine as taking the time to spell out: “How are you?”(尽管几乎所有
发短信的人都使用这些快捷方式，但研究结果表明，匆忙发出一个快速的“hru?”可能不如花时间完整
拼写出“How are you?”显得真诚)”可知，研究结果表明，使用短信缩写会让发送者显得不够真诚，故
选A。
29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“While 99% of people report using abbreviations and 84% believe others don’t
mind them, the research shows that abbreviated messages consistently create negative impressions.(虽然99%
的人使用缩写，84%的人认为别人不介意，但研究表明，缩写信息总是会给人留下负面印象)”可知，
短信发送者通常认为使用缩写不会给他人带来困扰，故选B。
30. 细节理解题。根据第五段中Fang 的话“Our research reveals that texting abbreviations negatively affect
interpersonal communication by decreasing perceived effort, which in turn leads to lower perceived sincerity
and responsiveness.(我们的研究表明，短信缩写通过减少感知努力对人际交往产生负面影响，从而导致
感知诚意和响应性降低)”可知，Fang 的研究揭示，使用缩写会被认为是发送者付出较低的努力，故选
B。
31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But he doesn’t believe people should stop using abbreviations altogether.
(但他并不认为人们应该完全停止使用缩写)”和倒数第一段Fang 的话“We often tailor the effort we put
into conversations to match the significance of the relationship. In some cases, it makes sense to invest less
effort, like quickly texting with a delivery driver(我们通常会根据关系的重要性来调整我们在对话中付出
的努力。在某些情况下，付出较少的努力是合理的，比如与送货司机快速发短信)”可推知，方大卫认
为是否使用缩写取决于具体情境和关系，故选C。
【错解归因】
这篇说明文阅读理解整体难度在0.65 左右，是一道提高题，也是拉分题。从样本数据看，考生答题情
况不容乐观：28 题得分率约56.4%；29 题得分率约59.2%；30 题得分率约57.6%；31 题得分率约66.8%。
四道题总体失分率达到约40%。各题得分率均偏低，错解归因如下。
一、文本理解层面：核心概念与逻辑链把握不准
核心逻辑理解偏差：部分考生未理清“短信缩写→减少感知付出→显得不真诚→留下负面印象”
的因果链，易被表层信息误导。如28 题，忽略“不真诚”的核心结论，误选“重塑数字沟通(C)”；
再如29 题，部分考生混淆“大众认知(84%认为他人不介意缩写)”与“研究结论(缩写留负面印象)”，
而错选C/D。
长难句与专业表述解读困难：部分考生对“Our research reveals that texting abbreviations negatively
affect interpersonal communication by decreasing perceived effort, which in turn leads to lower perceived
sincerity and responsiveness”等长难句拆分不清，“感知付出”“人际感知” 等表述及perceived,
sincerity 等核心词汇积累不足，导致30 题无法关联“缩写”与“低感知付出”，而误选了A/C。
二、题型定位层面：细节题与推理题区分不清
细节题定位不准：部分考生定位常出偏差。如28 题，部分考生未锁定“not appear as genuine”，
被“digital communication evolving” 干扰而错选C；再如30 题，部分考生未定位到“ decreasing
perceived effort”，错将“语言进化(A)”当作研究结论。
推理题推断不当：如31 题，需结合“不彻底禁用缩写”“依关系调整付出”，推导“分场景使
用” 的核心观点，但部分考生易过度推断(如选A)或片面理解(如选B)，忽略了核心前提。
三、细节抓取层面：数据与观点信息混淆
文中穿插大量数据及“大众假设”“研究结论”两类观点，部分考生易混淆边界。如29 题，部分
考生将“84% 认为他人不介意缩写(大众假设)”与“研究显示缩写留负面印象”混淆而错选C；这种
混淆，是主要失分的关键点。
四、能力与习惯层面：基础与应试技巧缺失
基础薄弱：部分考生核心词汇掌握不牢，长难句语法分析能力不足，无法提取句子主干，导致语
义理解偏差，是所有题目失分的基础。
技巧欠缺：部分考生未掌握题干关键词定位法(如28 题“findings indicate”、30 题“Fang’s research
reveals”)；干扰项排除能力弱，易被原文出现但非答案的表述误导；审题不细，如31 题忽略“不彻底
禁用”的前提，错选极端选项。
综上所述，总体失分率约 40%，核心原因是“逻辑链理解、细节定位、观点区分”三重能力不足，叠
加词汇句法基础薄弱、应试技巧欠缺，导致考生仅能读懂表层信息，无法精准把握核心，导致各题得
分率均低于70%。
【2026·江苏南通市第一次模拟D 篇】
Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who flies around in a blue British phone
booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles(类似)Doctor Who. And if you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the
same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think? The answer could be one of the biggest
issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever more widespread in our lives.
Google and OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence is supposed to be just that—generative, meaning it
develops novel answers to our questions. But how much of that output is original? The problem is working out how
much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions. One firm,
however, claims to be able to shine a light on the issue.
TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated content is based on copyrighted
materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for brands, characters or other IP. These
fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of a given piece of content. By comparing
this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how much the new content overlaps(重合)with the
original, offering a percentage-based match.
The research showcases this process in action, using well-known films such as Doctor Who and James Bond
as case studies. The findings? Sora matched up to 62% with James Bond fingerprint, Google’s Veo 3 matched 80%
to Doctor Who fingerprint, implying that they have leaned heavily on copyright-protected work to produce its
output.
Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to unauthorized use of their work until
permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without remuneration, producing competing
creations that undercut their industries.
Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a beat and figure out a way to share
and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more data to AI companies and would give AI
companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving all the money to AI companies, there would be
this amazing ecosystem.”
32. What issue is presented at the beginning of the passage?
A. Generative AI reinvents film production.
B. The capabilities of generative AI are expanding.
C. Generative AI is becoming increasingly widespread.
D. Copyrighted materials are used in AI-generated content.
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Who uses TraceID.
B. How TraceID works.
C. Why Trace ID is developed.
D. Where TraceID is used.
34. What does the underline word “remuneration” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Delay.
B. Pay.
C. Effort.
D. Warning.
35. What message does Kathleen Grace want to convey?
A. Limiting data hurts scientific progress.
B. Copyright holders should release more data.
C. A fair data-sharing ecosystem benefits all.
D. AI firms must disclose copyrighted content use.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍生成式AI 存在依赖版权素材创作的问题，以及相关检测工具
的作用和行业相关方的诉求与愿景。
32. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ask Google’s AI video tool to create a film of a time-travelling doctor who
flies around in a blue British phone booth and the result, unsurprisingly, resembles(类似)Doctor Who. And if
you ask OpenAI’s technology to do the same, a similar thing happens. What’s wrong with that, you may think?
The answer could be one of the biggest issues AI chiefs face as their era-defining technology becomes ever
more widespread in our lives.(让谷歌的人工智能视频工具创作一部关于一位乘坐蓝色英国电话亭穿梭时
空的医生的电影，结果不出所料，和《神秘博士》十分相似。如果让OpenAI 的技术做同样的事，也
会出现类似的情况。你可能会想：这有什么问题呢？答案或许就是，随着这项定义时代的技术在我们
的生活中愈发普及，人工智能行业高管们面临的一大难题)”以及第二段中“The problem is working out
how much AI tools like Sora 2 and Veo 3 rely on someone else’s art to come up with their own inventions.(问
题在于，像Sora 2 和Veo 3 这样的AI 工具在进行创作时，有多依赖他人的作品)”可知，文章开头提出
的问题是生成式AI 在创作中使用了版权素材，故选D。
33. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“ TraceID by Vermillio can detect the percentage to which AI-generated
content is based on copyrighted materials. One of the platform’s abilities is to create neural fingerprints for
brands, characters or other IP. These fingerprints act as digital identifiers that map the unique characteristics of
a given piece of content. By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can determine how
much the new content overlaps(重合)with the original, offering a percentage-based match.(Vermillio 公司的
TraceID 能够检测出AI 生成内容基于版权素材的比例。该平台的一项功能是为品牌、角色或其他知识
产权创建神经指纹。这些指纹作为数字标识符，记录某一特定内容的独特特征。通过将该指纹与AI
生成内容进行比对，它可以确定新内容与原作的重合程度，并给出基于百分比的匹配结果)”可知，该
段主要介绍了TraceID 工具的工作原理，即TraceID 是如何工作的，故选B。
34. 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“ Many creative professionals demand compensation and an end to
unauthorized use of their work until permissions are granted. They argue AI tools build on their work without
remuneration, producing competing creations that undercut their industries.(许多创意从业者要求获得赔
偿，并要求在获得许可前停止未经授权使用他们的作品。他们认为，AI 工具在没有remuneration 的情
况下以他们的作品为基础进行创作，生成具有竞争力的作品，削弱了他们所在的行业)”可知，
remuneration 与前文的compensation(赔偿、报酬)语义相近，结合语境，创意从业者认为AI 使用他们的
作品却没有给予相应报酬，由此猜测remuneration 意为“报酬、付款”，与Pay 含义一致，故选B。
35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Kathleen Grace, head of Vermillio, said: “We can all win if we just take a
beat and figure out a way to share and track content. This would encourage copyright holders to release more
data to AI companies and would give AI companies access to more interesting sets of data. Instead of giving
all the money to AI companies, there would be this amazing ecosystem.”(Vermillio 公司的负责人凯瑟琳·格
雷丝说：“如果我们稍作停顿，找到一种共享和追踪内容的方式，我们所有人都能共赢。这将鼓励版
权所有者向AI 公司开放更多数据，也能让AI 公司获得更有趣的数据集。资金不会全部流入AI 公司，
而是会形成一个很棒的生态系统。”)”可知，凯瑟琳·格雷丝想传达的信息是公平的数据共享生态系统
对所有人都有利，故选C。
【错解归因】
这篇说明文阅读理解整体难度在0.65 左右，是一道提高题，也是拉分题。从样本数据看，考生答题情
况“忧”大于“喜”：32 题得分率约51.6%；33 题得分率约89.6%；34 题得分率约36.8%；35 题得分率约
61.2%。四道题总体失分率达到约40%。尤以34(词义猜测)题失分率为最，居然高达60%以上(词义猜测题
是考生的一大软肋)。错解归因如下。
一、文本理解层面：核心概念与逻辑链把握不足
核心逻辑理解偏差：部分考生未理清“AI 生成内容酷似知名 IP→依赖版权素材创作→引发维权
诉求→需建立公平数据共享生态”的逻辑链，易被表层信息误导。如32 题，部分考生仅仅关注“AI
生成内容相似”的表层现象，而忽略“使用版权素材”这一核心问题，误将“AI 普及(C)”“能力拓
展(B)” 当作开篇要探讨的问题；再如35 题，部分考生未抓住“共赢生态”的核心结论，片面截取
“版权方开放数据”的细节，导致观点理解错位。
专业语境与长难句解读困难：“生成式人工智能”“神经指纹”“版权素材”等专业表述，部分
考生因词汇积累不足易造成语义障碍；“By comparing this fingerprint against AI-generated content, it can
determine...” 等长难句，部分考生拆分不清逻辑，无法精准提取核心信息，影响了32 和33 题的作答。
二、题型定位层面：不同题型解题思路混淆
细节题定位不准，混淆现象与本质：32 题为细节题，需定位到第二段 “AI 工具依赖他人艺术
创作” 的核心句，但部分考生却停留在第一段“AI 生成内容相似”的现象描述，未深入核心，导致
定位偏差而错选了B 或C。
主旨题抓不住段落核心：33 题为主旨大意题，第三段核心是 TraceID“创建神经指纹→比对指纹
→得出重合率”的工作流程，少数考生未把握这一核心，误将主旨理解为“开发原因(C)”“使用场景
(D)”，主旨定位能力薄弱。
推理题过度推断或片面解读：如35 题为推理题，考生需要整合Kathleen Grace“共赢”“生态系
统” 等核心表述，但部分考生走极端——要么过度推断“限制数据阻碍科学进步(A)”，要么片面截
取“版权方应开放数据(B)”，忽略“公平生态惠及各方”的关键观点，推理偏离原文。
三、细节抓取层面：关键信息与同义替换识别薄弱
词义猜测题(34 题)短板突出：作为最大失分点(得分率仅36.8%)，核心问题的是同义替换识别不
足、词汇基础薄弱、技巧缺失。部分考生未关联前后文同义替换：前文“demand compensation(要求赔
偿)” 与后文“without remuneration”直接对应，考生未建立二者的语义关联；部分考生缺乏代入验证技
巧：未将选项代入原文验证逻辑，盲目猜测导致错选 A, C 或D。
观点类细节抓取片面：35 题，部分考生孤立抓取文本中的“copyright holders to release more data”
等片段，未整合“we can all win”“amazing ecosystem”等核心表述，细节抓取不全面，导致推理错误。
四、能力与习惯层面：基础与应试技巧缺失
基础薄弱：remuneration、compensation、generative 等核心词汇掌握不牢，长难句语法分析能力不
足，无法准确提取句子主干，是34 题崩盘、32/35 题理解偏差的基础原因。
应试技巧不足： 部分考生未掌握题干关键词定位法，如32 题的“issue”、33 题的“paragraph 3
mainly about”，未用关键词快速锁定核心信息；部分考生干扰项排除能力弱，易被“原文出现过但非
答案”的表述(如35 题B 选项)误导；部分考生审题不细致，32 题部分考生忽略“issue(问题)”的负面指
向，错将AI 发展趋势当作问题；35 题部分考生未立足整体观点，片面解读细节。
综上所述，造成总体失分率约 40%的主要原因是部分考生“词义推断能力薄弱+核心逻辑定位不
准+观点理解片面”：33 题(段落主旨)得分率近90%，说明考生对单一段落功能把握较好；34 题(词
义猜测)暴露词汇、语境分析、解题技巧的三重短板；32 题(细节)、35 题(推理)得分率偏低，源于AI
版权争议逻辑链梳理不清、细节定位和观点整合能力不足。整体而言，考生对文本结构有基础认知，
但在词义推断、精准定位、深度理解上存在明显短板，导致该篇成为拉分题。
C-1
(2026 届安徽省淮北市高三第一次质量检测)According to a recent discovery, a female mosquito’s
blood-sucking feeding tube(口器)makes for a great high-resolution 3D printer spray tip. A team of researchers at
McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and
this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect for the job.
TechXplore reports that these tips can be used for 3D printing extremely fine objects, with smooth surfaces,
ideal for air and space industries, dentistry, and biomedical research. Such high-precision 3D printing tips usually
come at a high cost. The source suggests they are typically priced at around $80 per tip. Moreover, current
commercial tips that meet this standard are made of either non-biodegradable plastic or metal.
We’ve seen plenty of interesting bio-inspired technologies ahead of this new method from McGill. But this
new printing method is not simply bio-inspired but reuses natural body parts. The researchers studied other
biological donors before settling on the mosquito. Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes
in plants, and even tiny needles from insects like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the
female mosquito’s feeding tube won the day.
The female mosquito’s tube has many qualities that make it well-suited for 3D printing. According to the
researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100% finer than the best human-made tips. These
biodegradable tips are also remarkably straight, and stable. However, printing tips are improved by using 3D-
printed supporting structures to help fix the problem of low mechanical strength.
The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in manufacturing and micro-
engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will continue to look into other natural
options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips.
28. Why did the researchers explore mosquito body parts?
A. To test insects’ biological functions.
B. To reduce the use of metal materials.
C. To design a more affordable 3D printer.
D. To develop a 3D printer that works fast.
29. What is the purpose of mentioning other animals in paragraph 3?
A. To demonstrate the biodiversity in nature.
B. To explain how insects are used in engineering.
C. To compare the feeding habits of different animals.
D. To highlight the process of selecting the final solution.
30. What feature makes the mosquito’s tube suitable for 3D printing?
A. Its ability to change shape freely.
B. Its particularly narrow inner width.
C. Its resistance to severe temperatures.
D. Its naturally high mechanical strength.
31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the research?
A. It has already reached its final stage.
B. It no longer relies on biological materials.
C. It will soon replace commercial printing tips. D. It could open doors to new fine-scale manufacturing.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究发现雌性蚊子的口器可作为高精度 3D 打印机喷头，其精细度
优于人造喷头，可降解且低成本，经改进后适用多领域，研究团队仍在探索更优天然选项。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of researchers at McGill University in Montréal was looking for ideas to
create a tiny, low-cost, and sustainable 3D printing tip, and this mosquito body part seems to be almost perfect
for the job.(蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的一组研究人员正在寻找方法来制造一种小巧、成本低廉且可持续的
3D 打印头，而这种蚊子的身体部位似乎非常适合这项任务)”可知，研究人员探究蚊子的身体部位是
为了设计一款价格更亲民的3D 打印机，故选C。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers studied other biological donors before settling on the mosquito.
Stingers from bees, sharp teeth from snakes, water-carrying tubes in plants, and even tiny needles from insects
like snails were alternative high-resolution 3D printing options, but the female mosquito’s feeding tube won
the day.(研究人员在选定蚊子作为生物供体之前，还研究了其他一些生物供体。蜜蜂的刺、蛇的尖牙、
植物中的输水管道，甚至蜗牛等昆虫身上的微小针头，都是其他高分辨率 3D 打印的替代选择，但雌
性蚊子的吸食管最终胜出)”可知，在第三段中提及其他动物的目的是强调选择最终解决方案的过程，
故选D。
30. 细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the researchers, its inner width is just 20 micrometers. This is 100%
finer than the best human-made tips.(据研究人员介绍，其内部宽度仅为20 微米。这比目前人类制造的最
细的尖端还要细100%)”可知，内部极窄的宽度特性使得蚊子的管状结构适合进行3D 打印，故选B。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The McGill scientists said their work paves the way for fresh advances in
manufacturing and micro-engineering supported by 3D printing. They haven’t settled yet, though, and will
continue to look into other natural options for stronger and finer 3D printing tips.(麦吉尔大学的科学家们表
示，他们的研究为基于 3D 打印技术的制造业和微工程领域的新突破铺平了道路。不过，他们目前尚
未得出最终结论，还将继续探索其他天然材料作为更坚固、更精细的 3D 打印针头的替代方案)”可
知，这项研究有可能为新型精细制造技术打开新的应用空间，故选D。
C-2
(2026 届河北省高三第一次模拟)Many papers have been published on the cognitive(认知的)benefits of
multilingualism(多语言能力). Beyond the conversational doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to
improve the ability to stay focused, plan complex tasks and adjust to new information. What is more striking is that
some studies even suggest people who can speak more than one language equally well may experience cognitive
decline about four years later than those who speak only one, though such claims, as researchers point out, are not
always consistent.
The good news is that it is never too late to start learning a new language, but the biggest benefits seem to
come to those who master their second language fully. A bit of university French does not, unfortunately, have the
same advantages as deep knowledge and long experience. Switching languages constantly in the course of a day
may be particularly important. Studies of bilingual( 双语的)interpreters have provided some of the strongest
evidence for this. For example, they are faster at repeatedly jumping back and forth between simple addition and
subtraction problems, suggesting generally better cognitive control.
Bilinguals are not like those speaking only one language in lots of ways. The child raised in a foreign
language abroad may have cognitive and educational advantages that have nothing to do with bilingualism. Yet
studies have found striking evidence that in poorer parts of the world multilingual people show the strongest
advantages of speaking several languages. Where schooling is short, bilingualism exercises children’s brains in a
way that their schooling may not.
Ellen Bialystok of York University, in Canada, stated bilingualism is not a cure-all and compared it to a slice
of holey cheese, for its cognitive protection is similar to the coverage of a piece of bread afforded by holey cheese.
Doing other things that are good for the brain, such as exercise, is like putting the slices together. Their holes occur
in different places, and thus collectively offer greater protection.
28. What is mainly discussed about multilingualism in the first paragraph?
A. Its medical benefits.
B. Expectations of it.
C. Arguments about it.
D. Its multiple advantages.
29. What does the example of interpreters show?
A. Barriers to cross-cultural interactions.
B. The importance of frequent bilingual use.
C. Effects of bilingualism on multitasking.
D. The link between languages and cognition.
30. Who is most affected by bilingualism?
A. A teenager growing up abroad.
B. A teenager having language gifts.
C. A student in an undeveloped area.
D. A student receiving formal schooling.
31. Why is bilingualism compared to holey cheese?
A. To prove its role is crucial.
B. To show it boosts physical health.
C. To explain it is poorly studied.
D. To illustrate its function is limited.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了多语言能力对认知的益处，包括提高专注力、规划复杂任务
和适应新信息的能力，以及多语言能力对不同人群的影响，并指出多语言能力并非万能，需结合
其他益脑活动。
28. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Beyond the conversational doors it can open, multilingualism is supposed to
improve the ability to stay focused, plan complex tasks and adjust to new information. What is more striking is
that some studies even suggest people who can speak more than one language equally well may experience
cognitive decline about four years later than those who speak only one, though such claims, as researchers
point out, are not always consistent.(除了它能打开的对话之门，多语言能力还能提高保持专注、规划复
杂任务和适应新信息的能力。更引人注目的是，一些研究甚至表明，能够同样流利地说多种语言的
人，其认知能力下降的时间可能比只会说一种语言的人晚大约四年，尽管研究人员指出，这种说法并
不总是一致的)”可知，本段主要讨论了多语言能力包括沟通在内的多种认知优势，故选D。
29. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Switching languages constantly in the course of a day may be particularly
important. Studies of bilingual(双语的)interpreters have provided some of the strongest evidence for this. For
example, they are faster at repeatedly jumping back and forth between simple addition and subtraction
problems, suggesting generally better cognitive control.(在一天中不断地转换语言可能尤为重要。对双语
口译员的研究为此提供了一些最有力的证据。例如，他们在简单的加减法问题之间反复跳跃的速度更
快，这表明他们通常具有更好的认知控制能力)” 可知，口译员的例子是为了证明经常使用双语(不断
地切换语言)的重要性，故选B。
30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Yet studies have found striking evidence that in poorer parts of the world
multilingual people show the strongest advantages of speaking several languages. Where schooling is short,
bilingualism exercises children’s brains in a way that their schooling may not.(然而，研究发现了一个惊人
的证据：在世界上较贫困的地区，会说多种语言的人表现出最强的多语言优势。在教育短缺的地方，
双语以一种学校教育可能无法做到的方式锻炼孩子们的大脑)”可知，在欠发达地区(教育短缺)的儿童身
上，双语能力的益处表现得最为显著，因为这些孩子能从双语练习中获得学校教育无法提供的认知锻
炼。因此，最受双语影响的是欠发达地区的学生，故选C 项。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ellen Bialystok of York University, in Canada, stated bilingualism is not a
cure-all and compared it to a slice of holey cheese, for its cognitive protection is similar to the coverage of a
piece of bread afforded by holey cheese. Doing other things that are good for the brain, such as exercise, is like
putting the slices together. Their holes occur in different places, and thus collectively offer greater protection.
(加拿大约克大学的Ellen Bialystok 表示，双语能力并不是万能的，并将其比作一片有洞的奶酪，因为
它的认知保护类似于有洞的奶酪提供的一片面包的覆盖范围。做其他对大脑有益的事情，比如锻炼，
就像把切片放在一起。它们的孔出现在不同的地方，因此共同提供了更大的保护)” 可知，多语言能力
被比作有洞的奶酪，是为了说明它的功能是有限的，需要与其他益脑活动结合才能提供更大的保护，
故选D 项。
C-3
(2026 届湖北省十堰市2026 年高三年级元月调研考试一模)No one is sure exactly when or how the
invasion began. However, in 2014, when Asian common toads( 蟾蜍)were officially spotted in Madagascar’s
largest seaport, scientists immediately sounded the alarm. These invasive toads produce a poisonous chemical,
stored in specialized glands(腺体)behind their eyes, which could spell death for any native species attempting to
hunt them — a major threat to Madagascar’s biodiversity. Cane toads, which can remain poisonous long after
they’re dead, created a similar problem when introduced to Australia in the 1930s.
The poisonous parts, known as parotoid glands, do not just allow toads to wreak havoc as invasive species.
They probably also helped toads spread across large parts of the planet millions of years ago, according to research
published in mid-October 2025.
Evidence suggests toads got their start in South America but it is unclear exactly when and how they spread
to other continents. To find out, the scientists of the research analyzed DNA from 124 species across six continents.
Their rebuilt evolutionary history confirmed that toads originated in South America approximately 61 million years
ago; however, it also uncovered something unexpected: Instead of entering Asia from North America via the land
bridge, early toads appear to have crossed directly from South America to Africa.
The team also discovered a rapid rise in the number of new species shortly after toads began to spread out of
South America, which happened during a historic transition known as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event, about
33.5 million years ago. During that same period, toads evolved their parotoid glands.
Some of this evolutionary history appears to be repeating itself with modern invasive species. Although toads
have spread around the world, there were a few barriers that were too much for them. Toads never made it on their
own to Australia, for example, or crossed the Mozambique Channel from Africa to Madagascar and the nearby
Mascarene Islands. Now, with a little help from humans, they have crossed these final frontiers.
28. What do the underlined words “Wreak havoc” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Spread across remote regions.
B. Cause significant damage.
C. Contribute to local biodiversity.
D. Engage in dangerous hunting.
29. What happened to toads during the period of the extinction event?
A. They lost their parotoid glands.
B. Their species diversified quickly.
C. Their population dropped sharply.
D. They began entering South America.
30. What can we learn from the text?
A. Human activities are threatening toads.
B. Toads made it on their own to Australia.
C. The birthplace of toads remains a mystery.
D. Humans play a role in the spread of toads.
31. From which is the text most probably taken?
A. A science magazine.
B. A geography textbook.
C. A government environmental report.
D. A blog post on wildlife protection.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍亚洲蟾蜍入侵马达加斯加带来的生态威胁，还讲述研究发现蟾蜍的
起源、扩散路径及毒腺演化与物种扩散的关联，以及人类对其扩散的影响。
28. 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“These invasive toads produce a poisonous chemical, stored in specialized
glands(腺体)behind their eyes, which could spell death for any native species attempting to hunt them—a
major threat to Madagascar’s biodiversity.(这些入侵蟾蜍会产生一种有毒化学物质，储存在眼后的特殊腺
体中，任何试图捕食它们的本土物种都会因此丧命，这对马达加斯加的生物多样性构成重大威胁)”可
知，入侵蟾蜍的毒腺会对当地生态造成严重破坏，因此第二段中“ wreak havoc”的意思是造成重大损
害，故选B。
29. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The team also discovered a rapid rise in the number of new species shortly
after toads began to spread out of South America, which happened during a historic transition known as the
Eocene-Oligocene extinction event, about 33.5 million years ago. During that same period, toads evolved their
parotoid glands.(该研究团队还发现，在蟾蜍开始从南美洲扩散出去后不久，新物种的数量便迅速增
加，这一事件发生在约3350 万年前的始新世-渐新世灭绝事件这一历史性过渡时期。同一时期，蟾蜍
进化出了腮腺)”可知，在灭绝事件期间，蟾蜍的物种迅速多样化，故选B。
30. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Toads never made it on their own to Australia, for example, or crossed the
Mozambique Channel from Africa to Madagascar and the nearby Mascarene Islands. Now, with a little help
from humans, they have crossed these final frontiers.(例如，蟾蜍自身从未成功抵达澳大利亚，也从未从
非洲穿越莫桑比克海峡到达马达加斯加和附近的马斯克林群岛。如今，在人类的些许帮助下，它们跨
越了这些最后的屏障)”可知，人类在蟾蜍的扩散过程中起到了推动作用，故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章介绍了蟾蜍入侵的生态威胁，还详细阐述了科学家对蟾蜍起源、扩
散路径和毒腺演化的研究发现，包含专业的科研数据、演化分析等内容，这类内容最有可能出自科学
杂志，故选A。
C-4
(2026 届湖南省永州市上学期高考第二次模拟)A vintage lifestyle(复古生活方式)is a way of living that
embraces the charm, elegance, and simplicity of the past. It emphasizes old-fashioned styles: decorate your home
with classic furniture, vintage decorations and timeless art to create a cozy, inviting atmosphere that’s far from
modern fast-paced life. It embraces slow living, prioritizing quality over quantity — spend more time on
meaningful activities and less on rushing through daily tasks. Additionally, it values handmade goods, such as those
from knitting, woodworking or other traditional skills, which builds a deeper connection to the creation process.
Embrace the vintage lifestyle by starting small and adding a few vintage elements into your daily routine.
Create a space that reflects your personal style, explore local second-hand markets or antique stores, and
experiment with traditional recipes. Over time, these little steps can transform your life into a richer, more
meaningful experience.
Gen Z’s fascination with the vintage lifestyle is by no means a blind trend — it is rooted in profound
underlying reasons. Gen Z values individuality and authenticity(真实性). Vintage clothing provides a unique style,
often standing out from the sea of mass-produced, same items found in today’s market. The wearers of vintage
pieces can feel part of a select group, owning something truly one-of-a-kind. Besides, Many Gen Z individuals
view vintage shopping as a cultural experience rather than just a purchase. The thrill of discovering hidden
treasures in second-hand markets adds to the appeal, making it about the journey rather than the destination.
Platforms like Instagram and Pinterest have also played a significant role in popularizing vintage styles among Gen
Z. Seeing influencers and peers embrace vintage looks normalizes and celebrates vintage fashion, making it cooler
and more accessible.
The rise of vintage culture isn’t just about clothes; it’s a broader cultural phenomenon. Gen Z is drawn to the
stories behind vintage items, the craftsmanship, and the connection to history. This shift reflects a larger societal
change where consumers are increasingly seeking meaningful, lasting purchases rather than quick fixes.
28. What might a vintage lifestyle highlight?
A. Emphasis on traditional goods.
B. Pursuit of modern fast-paced life.
C. Preference for quality over quantity.
D. Admiration for the complexity of the past.
29. What might the author suggest readers do to embrace a vintage lifestyle?
A. Eat fast food daily for convenience.
B. Decorate houses with furniture in style.
C. Wear vintage clothes in occasional activities.
D. Hunt for vintage pieces at second-hand markets.
30. Why do Gen Z individuals love the vintage lifestyle according to paragraph 3?
A. It makes them feel like no other.
B. It draws them to influencer culture.
C. It attracts them to purchase and shop.
D. It helps them follow fashion trends.
31. What do the underlined words “quick fixes” possibly refer to in the last paragraph?
A. Meaningless trendy clothes.
B. Short-lived daily goods.
C. Lasting handmade products.
D. Valuable collectible items.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述复古生活方式的内涵是秉持过往的美好、倡导慢生活且珍视手
工制品，还给出了开启该生活方式的小建议，分析了Z 世代喜爱这一生活方式的深层原因及社交
平台的推动作用，最后指出复古文化的兴起是广泛的文化现象，其背后折射出消费者追求有意
义、长久消费选择的社会变化。
28. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It embraces slow living, prioritizing quality over quantity—spend more time
on meaningful activities and less on rushing through daily tasks.(它倡导慢生活，秉持重质不重量的原则
——多花时间投入有意义的事，少在琐碎日常里步履匆匆)”可知，复古生活方式倡导慢生活，核心秉
持重质不重量的原则，故选C。
29. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Embrace the vintage lifestyle by starting small and adding a few vintage
elements into your daily routine. Create a space that reflects your personal style, explore local second-hand
markets or antique stores, and experiment with traditional recipes.(开启复古生活，不妨从小处着手，在日
常中融入些许复古元素。打造一处彰显个人风格的专属空间，逛一逛当地的二手市场或古董店，试着
做一做传统风味的菜肴)”可知，作者建议人们从日常融入复古元素，其中明确提出可以逛当地的二手
市场或古董店，故选D。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ Gen Z values individuality and authenticity(真实性). Vintage clothing
provides a unique style, often standing out from the sea of mass-produced, same items found in today’s
market. The wearers of vintage pieces can feel part of a select group, owning something truly one-of-a-kind.(Z
世代崇尚个性与真实，复古服饰能打造出独一无二的穿搭风格，往往能在当下市场批量生产的千篇一
律的服饰中脱颖而出。身着复古服饰的人，会觉得自己身处一个小众的圈层，拥有真正独一无二的东
西)”可知，Z 世代崇尚个性与真实，复古服饰能打造独一无二的穿搭风格，让穿着者拥有真正独一无
二者，身处小众圈层，获得与众不同的专属感受，故选A。
31. 词义猜测题。根据文章划线词组所在语境“This shift reflects a larger societal change where consumers are
increasingly seeking meaningful, lasting purchases rather than quick fixes.(这一转变，折射出更深刻的社会
变化：如今的消费者，正愈发追求有意义、能长久相伴的消费选择，而非quick fixes)”可知，句中
“rather than”表转折对比，“quick fixes”与前文的“meaningful, lasting purchases(有意义、能长久使用
的消费品)”形成鲜明反义对应，指缺乏长久价值、昙花一现的物品，故选B。
C-5
(2026 届四川省巴中市高三一模)What does it take to become the best at something? Many people believe
the answer may lie in early childhood practice or in life-long highly-focused dedication. Instead, the path to
becoming exceptional might look more like a winding one.
A new paper in Science, which seeks to resolve what it takes to excel across different fields, from sports to
chess to classical music, found performers who showed the greatest potential in their field as children rarely
reached the peak as adults.
Brooke Macnamara, a co-author of the analysis says, “This challenges the 10,000-hour rule — mastering a
skill requires 10,000 hours of deliberate practice.” The rule is based on a study of top-performing violin students
who had each accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age 20. Yet they weren’t world-class
performers. “Compared with national-class counterparts, world-class performers tend to engage in multiple fields
early on and don’t shine in one thing at a particularly young age,” explains Macnamara. “This pattern doesn’t
follow the idea of the deliberate practice theory which suggests starting early and maximizing deliberate practice is
the path to extraordinary performance,” she adds.
Importantly, the findings don’t suggest you needn’t practice or put in effort to become a chess grandmaster or
a Wimbledon winner. Instead they show top adult performers tend to be late bloomers. For instance, world-class
athletes peak later than national-class athletes. Those that peak early achieve a level that is the best for their age but
not as high as what the others will eventually achieve at a later age.
The findings matter for institutions and coaches who might direct resources at the kids who show most
potential early in a given field rather than those who have the most potential to reach a world-class level. The
research also holds a message for those who pursue a dream but haven’t reached the top: don’t despair. “For people
who didn’t follow the genius route, know you are in good company!” Macnamara says. Most world-class
performers didn’t either.
28. What is the common belief of becoming the best?
A. Starting intense practice early.
B. Avoiding early wide exploration.
C. Receiving strict coaching early.
D. Relying on early natural talent.
29. What does the example of top violin students show?
A. Natural talent outweighs practice.
B. More training brings about mastery.
C. The 10,000-hour rule has limitations.
D. Early dedication ensures excellence.
30. What does the underlined phrase “late bloomers” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Plants flowering late in season.
B. Athletes extending their career.
C. Students acquiring skills slowly.
D. People succeeding later in life.
31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Training systems may require adjustment.
B. Early failure may allow later achievement.
C. Competition may involve hidden dangers.
D. Past experiences may shape outcomes.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出成为某领域顶尖人才未必需要早起步深耕，多数世界级成功者多为
大器晚成者，并挑战了一万小时法则。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What does it take to become the best at something? Many people believe the
answer may lie in early childhood practice or in life-long highly-focused dedication.(要成为某件事的顶尖高
手需要什么？许多人认为答案可能在于童年早期的练习或终身高度专注的投入)”可知，人们普遍认为
成为顶尖高手需要尽早开始高强度练习或专注投入，故选A。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的““This challenges the 10,000-hour rule — mastering a skill requires 10,000
hours of deliberate practice.” The rule is based on a study of top-performing violin students who had each
accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age 20. Yet they weren’t world-class performers.(“这对
“一万小时法则”——掌握一项技能需要一万小时的刻意练习——提出了挑战。”该法则基于一项对
顶尖小提琴学生的研究，这些学生到20 岁时每人平均积累了一万小时的练习时间。但他们并非世界级
演奏家)”可知，顶尖小提琴学生虽达到了一万小时练习时长，却未成为世界级演奏家，这一例子说明
一万小时法则存在局限性，故选C。
30. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“For instance, world-class athletes peak later than national-class athletes.
Those that peak early achieve a level that is the best for their age but not as high as what the others will
eventually achieve at a later age.(例如，世界级运动员的巅峰期比国家级运动员更晚。那些早达到巅峰的
人达到了其年龄段的最佳水平，但不如其他人最终在晚年达到的水平高)”可知，划线短语late bloomers
指代的是那些在晚年才达到更高成就、取得成功的人，故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings matter for institutions and coaches who might direct resources at
the kids who show most potential early in a given field rather than those who have the most potential to reach
a world-class level. The research also holds a message for those who pursue a dream but haven’t reached the
top: don’t despair. “For people who didn’t follow the genius route, know you are in good company!”
Macnamara says. Most world-class performers didn’t either.(这些研究结果对各类机构和教练具有重要意义
—— 他们往往倾向于将资源投向在特定领域早期就展现出潜力的孩子，而非那些最有可能达到世界
级水平的孩子。这项研究同样向那些追逐梦想却尚未登顶的人传递了一条信息：不要绝望。“对于那
些没有走天才之路的人来说，要知道你们并不孤单！”麦克纳马拉表示。大多数世界级的成功者也并
非如此)”可知，早期的挫折、失败或不顺并不必然导致最终的失败，反而可能成为后续成功的重要条
件。因此，选项B 项“早期的挫折，或许能为日后的成功铺路”准确概括了作者在结尾段中隐含的价
值判断，故选B。
D-1
(2025-2026 学年广东省佛山市普通高三教学质量检测一)For decades “Monday blues” has been a term for
the collective groan(叹息)that greets the start of each workweek. Mondays come with higher rates of anxiety, stress
and even suicide compared with other days.
The stress and anxiety experienced on Monday seems to ease as the week unfolds. But is the stress and
anxiety biologically distinct? Furthermore, could the fleeting changes in mood leave a mark on people’s body even
after they stop working? To answer these questions, Professor Tarani Chandola from HKU, looked into the
phenomenon, focusing on the stress hormone cortisol(皮质醇).
When we experience a stressor, the brain activates the release of cortisol, which helps us to manage short-
term stress. But constant high levels of cortisol disturb the brain and bodily systems, increasing the risk of anxiety,
depression, heart disease, diabetes and obesity.
Chandola studied 3,511 participants aged 50 and older in England, and the results were striking. Older adults
who reported feeling anxious on Mondays had, on average, 23 percent higher levels of cortisol up to two months
later, compared with those who felt anxious on other days. And the effect was not limited to those still working;
retirees who felt anxious on Mondays also showed higher cortisol.
Why might Mondays, in particular, have a powerful effect on the body? One possibility is that the shift from
the weekend to the high demands of the week is essentially stressful. Also, some people become anxious on
Mondays so routinely that it becomes an automatic bodily response.
For some people, Monday blues are constant stressors. Hospitals may need to plan for the increased risk of
heart attacks and other health events on Mondays, especially among older adults. In addition, international practices
like meditation, mindfulness, regular physical activity or good sleep might help people adapt to the start of the
week and have long-term health benefits. Finally, researchers will need to investigate why some people are
resilient(适应力强)to Monday anxiety while others are not. That question might open the door to interventions that
help people start the week not just with a groan but with greater resilience.
32. What does the underlined word “fleeting” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Extreme.
B. Uncommon.
C. Short-lived.
D. Far-reaching.
33. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. To define a medical term.
B. To show ways to handle stress.
C. To explain how cortisol helps reduce stress.
D. To reveal how stress harms health biologically.
34. What did Chandola’s study find about Monday anxiety?
A. Its levels are closely related to age.
B. It is a lifelong burden for some people.
C. It is the primary challenge people face.
D. Its effects are limited among the elderly.
35. Which is one of the author’s suggestions to address Monday blues?
A. Researchers doing further studies.
B. Hospitals keeping track of the old.
C. Individuals seeking help from others.
D. Companies reducing Monday workloads.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“周一忧郁症”对健康的影响及相关研究及应对建议。
32. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The stress and anxiety experienced on Monday seems to ease as the week
unfolds. But is the stress and anxiety biologically distinct? Furthermore, could the fleeting changes in mood
leave a mark on people’s body even after they stop working?(人们在周一感受到的压力与焦虑，似乎会随
着一周的推进逐渐缓解。但这种压力和焦虑在生理层面是否存在特殊性？此外，即便工作日结束，这
种fleeting 情绪波动是否仍会在人们的身体上留下印记？)”可知，周一的情绪变化是会慢慢消失的，并
非长久的，故fleeting 意为“短暂的”，故选C。
33. 推理判断题。根据第三段“When we experience a stressor, the brain activates the release of cortisol, which
helps us to manage short-term stress. But constant high levels of cortisol disturb the brain and bodily systems,
increasing the risk of anxiety, depression, heart disease, diabetes and obesity.(当我们经历压力时，大脑会激
活皮质醇的释放，帮助我们应对短期压力。但是持续高水平的皮质醇会扰乱大脑和身体系统，增加焦
虑、抑郁、心脏病、糖尿病和肥胖的风险)”可知，作者在本段揭示了压力是如何在生物学上损害健康
的，故选D。
34. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Chandola studied 3,511 participants aged 50 and older in England, and the
results were striking. Older adults who reported feeling anxious on Mondays had, on average, 23 percent
higher levels of cortisol up to two months later, compared with those who felt anxious on other days. And the
effect was not limited to those still working; retirees who felt anxious on Mondays also showed higher
cortisol.(Chandola 研究了英格兰3511 名50 岁及以上的参与者，结果令人震惊。与在其他日子感到焦虑
的老年人相比，那些在周一感到焦虑的老年人平均在两个月后皮质醇水平高出23%。而且这种影响并
不局限于仍在工作的人；周一感到焦虑的退休人员皮质醇水平也较高)”可知，Chandola 的研究发现周
一焦虑是一些人一生的负担，故选B。
35. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ Finally, researchers will need to investigate why some people are
resilient(适应力强)to Monday anxiety while others are not. That question might open the door to interventions
that help people start the week not just with a groan but with greater resilience.(最后，研究人员需要调查为
什么有些人对周一焦虑有适应力，而有些人则没有。这个问题可能会为干预措施打开大门，帮助人们
不仅以叹息开始新的一周，而且以更强的适应力开始新的一周)”可知，作者建议研究人员进行进一步
的研究，故选A。
D-2
(2026 届福建省泉州市高三上学期质量检测二)Everyone has heard that it’s vital to get seven to nine hours
of sleep a night. Get anything less, and you are more likely to suffer from poor health in the short and long term.
But in recent years, scientists have discovered a rare group of people who consistently get little shut-eye and are no
worse for wear.
Natural short sleepers, as they are called, are genetically wired to need only four to six hours of sleep a night.
These exceptions suggest that quality, not quantity, is what matters. If scientists could figure out what these people
do differently, it might, they hope, provide insight into sleep’s very nature.
Ying-Hui Fu, a human geneticist and neuroscientist at UC San Francisco, recalls there is one family whose
members woke up early but didn’t go to bed early, and felt refreshed after only about six hours of sleep. They were
the first people identified with familial natural short sleep, a condition that runs in families like other genetic
features. Fu and her colleague Ptaček thought the short sleep originated from a mutation(变异)in a gene called
DEC2. The researchers went on to genetically engineer the DEC2 mutation into mice, showing that the animals
need less sleep than their littermates.
Over time, the researchers have identified seven genes associated with natural short sleep. Like mice, people
who are naturally short sleepers seem to be immune(免疫的)to the ill effects of short sleep. If anything, they do
extraordinarily well. Research suggests that such people are ambitious, energetic and optimistic, with remarkable
recoverability against stress and higher thresholds(阈值)for pain.
But though sleep has a strong genetic component, it can also be shaped by the environment. Knowing that
better sleep is possible, and understanding the basis, could point the way to interventions to improve sleep, enabling
more people to live longer, healthier lives.
32. What does the underlined part “no worse for wear” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Unharmed.
B. Uncomfortable.
C. Abnormal.
D. Exhausted.
33. What can we know about the mentioned family in paragraph 3?
A. They are early to bed and early to rise.
B. Their sleep quality depends on the quantity.
C. They are genetically built to require less sleep.
D. DEC2 is a decisive factor in their health condition.
34. What is the ultimate goal of this research?
A. To develop tools for editing sleep genes.
B. To improve sleep quality for better health.
C. To identify specific sleep-related genes.
D. To create universal sleep reduction programs.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Less Shut-Eye, Better Health
B. Sleep Quality and Gene Mutation
C. The ones Who Need Less Sleep
D. The Hidden Costs of Short Sleep
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现少数人因基因突变只需4-6 小时睡眠且健康，科学家希望通过解码
其机制改善大众睡眠质量。
32. 词义猜测题。根据划线词组上文“Everyone has heard that it’s vital to get seven to nine hours of sleep a
night. Get anything less, and you are more likely to suffer from poor health in the short and long term. But in
recent years, scientists have discovered a rare group of people who consistently get little shut-eye(每个人都听
说过，每晚保证7 到9 小时的睡眠至关重要。睡眠时间少于这个范围的人，无论是短期内还是长期
内，都更有可能出现健康问题。但近年来，科学家们发现了一群罕见的人，他们总是睡眠不足)”可
知，一些罕见的人总是睡眠不足，结合下文“Natural short sleepers, as they are called, are genetically
wired to need only four to six hours of sleep a night.(人们通常称这类人是“自然型短睡眠者”，他们天生
就具备这样的生理特征：每晚只需睡4 到6 个小时即可)”可知，这类人是天生的少睡眠者，所以即使
少睡也不会产生危害，划线词组与unharmed“未受损害的”意思相近，故选A。
33. 细节理解题。根据第三段“ Fu and her colleague Ptaček thought the short sleep originated from a
mutation(变异)in a gene called DEC2. The researchers went on to genetically engineer the DEC2 mutation
into mice, showing that the animals need less sleep than their littermates.(傅和她的同事帕塔切克认为这种
短暂的睡眠现象是由一种名为DEC2 的基因发生突变所导致的。随后，研究人员通过基因工程技术将
DEC2 基因的突变引入到小鼠体内，结果发现这些小鼠所需的睡眠时间比其同窝幼崽要短)”可知，第
三段开头提到的家庭天生就具有较少需要睡眠，这是基因所致，故选C。
34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Knowing that better sleep is possible, and understanding the basis, could point
the way to interventions to improve sleep, enabling more people to live longer, healthier lives.(既然我们知道
改善睡眠是有可能的，并且也了解其背后的原理，那么这或许能为改善睡眠的干预措施提供方向，从
而让更多人能够过上更长寿、更健康的生活)”可推知，这个研究最终是为了提高睡眠质量，从而促进
身体健康，故选B。
35. 主旨大意题(最佳标题)。根据第一段“But in recent years, scientists have discovered a rare group of people
who consistently get little shut-eye and are no worse for wear.(但近年来，科学家们发现了一群罕见的人
群，他们几乎从不睡足觉，但却依然未受影响)”可知，本文介绍了研究发现，少数人因基因突变只需
4-6 小时睡眠且健康，科学家希望通过解码其机制改善大众睡眠质量。由此可知，C 选项“那些需要较
少睡眠的人”能够引出文章话题，并涵盖阐述研究意义，综合概括全文，为最佳标题，故选C。
D-3
(2026 届湖南省湘潭市二模)Breaking a big goal into smaller parts might seem like a simple trick. In fact, it is
a strategy that can be applied widely—to exercising regularly, saving money, or building a new skill. But is there
real scientific evidence for its effectiveness? To figure it out, our team carried out a large-scale field experiment
with thousands of participants in everyday settings.
For our study, we partnered with Crisis Text Line(CTL), a nonprofit providing free text counseling. CTL
volunteers are expected to complete 200 hours of service each year, which is quite demanding compared with the
national average. We wondered whether setting smaller subgoals would encourage greater participation.
In our study, over 9,000 volunteers received e-mails presenting the yearly target in different ways for three
months. Some were told simply to aim for 200 hours with no detailed goal breakdown, while others were
encouraged to meet either four hours per week or eight hours every two weeks. Then we tracked how much time
each group of trained crisis counselors actually spent volunteering during the study.
The results showed that people with smaller subgoals volunteered 7 percent to 8 percent more than those
given only the big goal. This may sound like a modest increase, but when scaled across CTL’s thousands of
volunteers, our intervention translated to thousands of additional counseling hours every month at essentially zero
cost to the organization. We also found that the more flexible “eight hours every two weeks” condition led to more
lasting benefits, as declines in volunteering were slower than in the stricter “four hours every week” condition.
Our study dovetails with the research by behavioral scientists Hal Hershfield and Shlomo Benartzi. Their
work shows that people are four times more likely to sign up for a savings program when the required deposit is
described as $5 a day rather than $150 a month. Taken together, this recent research suggests that whether goals
require taking a single action or “keeping your nose to the grindstone”, subgoals may help.
32. What did the field experiment focus on?
A. The cost of volunteering.
B. The effect of flexible schedule.
C. The method of attaining ambitious goals.
D. The effectiveness of subgoals.
33. How was the field experiment conducted?
A. By interviewing volunteers about their preferences.
B. By instructing participants in breaking down goals.
C. By comparing different goal-setting approaches.
D. By providing counselors with novel techniques.
34. What does the underlined phrase “dovetails with” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Corresponds with.
B. Subscribes to.
C. Conflicts with.
D. Goes to.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the article?
A. Why Breaking Goals into Smaller Parts Works
B. How Crisis Text Line Increased Volunteer Hours
C. The Science of Goal-Setting: A Large-Scale Experiment
D. Small Subgoals, Big Impact: Evidence from a Field Study
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究团队通过与CTL 合作的实地实验，验证了拆分大目标为子目标
的有效性，灵活子目标效果更持久，且该研究与相关行为学研究结论相符。
32. 细节理解题。根据第一段“But is there real scientific evidence for its effectiveness? To figure it out, our
team carried out a large-scale field experiment with thousands of participants in everyday settings.(但这种策
略的有效性是否有确凿的科学证据呢？为了找到答案，我们团队在日常场景中对数千名参与者开展了
一项大规模实地实验)”以及第二段“We wondered whether setting smaller subgoals would encourage
greater participation.(我们想知道设定更小的子目标是否能激励参与者更多地投入)”可知，该实地实验聚
焦于子目标的有效性，故选D。
33. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In our study, over 9,000 volunteers received e-mails presenting the yearly target
in different ways for three months. Some were told simply to aim for 200 hours with no detailed goal
breakdown, while others were encouraged to meet either four hours per week or eight hours every two weeks.
(在我们的研究中，三个月里，9000 多名志愿者收到了以不同方式呈现年度目标的邮件。一部分人仅
被告知要完成200 小时的目标，无详细拆分；另一部分人则被鼓励完成每周4 小时或每两周8 小时的
子目标)”可知，实验通过对比不同的目标设定方式展开，故选C。
34. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“The results showed that people with smaller subgoals volunteered 7 percent to 8
percent more than those given only the big goal.(结果显示，设定子目标的志愿者比仅知晓总目标的志愿
者服务时长多出7%至8%)”以及最后一段“Their work shows that people are four times more likely to sign
up for a savings program when the required deposit is described as $5 a day rather than $150 a month.(他们的
研究表明，当要求的存款金额被描述为每天5 美元而非每月150 美元时，人们报名参加储蓄计划的可
能性会提高四倍)”可知，当存款要求描述为每天5 美元而非每月150 美元时，人们报名储蓄项目的可
能性高出4 倍。这一研究同样证明“将大目标拆解为小目标更有效”，与作者团队的实验结论一致，
因此“dovetails with”意为“与……一致、契合”，与Corresponds with 意义相近，故选A。
35. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The results showed that people with smaller subgoals volunteered 7 percent to 8
percent more than those given only the big goal.(结果显示，设定子目标的志愿者比仅知晓总目标的志愿
者服务时长多出7%至8%)”以及文章内容可知，作者团队通过大规模实地实验，验证了将大目标拆分
为小目标的有效性，并强调了其实际影响，所以“小目标，大影响：来自实地研究的证据”适合作为
文章标题，故选D。
D-4
(2026 届四川省泸州市高三第二次教学质量诊断)One of the world’s biggest tech companies could see AI
slowing its roll after the new report exposed just how careless and alarmingly inaccurate the technology in its
current form can really be. If you’re thinking AI is a fast track to handing in your homework, you might want to
think again.
A striking report from Apple questions AI’s reliability and potential. Researchers tested large reasoning
models used in platforms like DeepSeek and Claude and large language models(the basis of ChatGPT). Both
performed poorly in complex tasks, though language models did better in simple ones. Notably, reasoning models
“reduced their effort” when tasks got too challenging, which the report called “particularly concerning”.
Problems with these models aren’t new. OpenAI claimed its o3 and o4-mini models were its “smartest,” but
researchers found o3 was wrong 51% of the time, and o4-mini 79%. Apple stopped its AI-powered news alerts after
major mistakes, such as a false claim about tennis star Rafael Nadal and an early announcement of a darts
championship winner. The BBC found 51% of AI answers on news had “significant issues”, with 19% of those
involving its content being factually wrong, and 13% of quotes from its stories altered or made up. A Chicago
newspaper once published an AI-generated summer reading guide with non-existent books, and a Dublin
Halloween parade advertised online was fake. Google’s AI also gave odd suggestions like adding glue to pizza.
Experts like Dr. Niousha Shafibady note expecting AI to be a “magic wand” is wrong. AI fails in complex
tasks due to algorithms’(算法的)essential characteristics — they may lose logical reasoning, miss data patterns, or
waste resources on wrong solutions.
While companies say AI is improving, experts disagree. A survey by the Association for the Advancement of
Artificial Intelligence found 60% of respondents don’t think AI’s accuracy and trustworthiness issues will be solved
soon. Its president, Francesca Rossi, stressed the need to develop AI responsibly, ensuring it supports humanity and
matches human values.
32. What is one problem of reasoning models according to Apple’s report?
A. They can refuse simple assignments.
B. They can put less energy into hard work.
C. They can weaken language model functions.
D. They can cause mistakes in platform operations.
33. Why are the Chicago newspaper and Dublin parade mentioned?
A. To show misinformation of AI.
B. To give suggestions on AI errors.
C. To prove the output ability of AI.
D. To blame media for fake AI contents.
34. What does “magic wand” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to?
A. A special data tool.
B. A real magic stick.
C. An essential language model.
D. A perfect problem-solver.
35. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Experts are satisfied with AI’s improvement.
B. Companies will slow developing AI for its reliability.
C. People should be cautious using AI for accurate tasks.
D. Most respondents are confident about AI’s humanity.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苹果报告揭示人工智能存在不可靠和不准确问题，专家提醒人们
使用时要谨慎。
32. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Notably, reasoning models “reduced their effort” when tasks got too challenging,
which the report called “particularly concerning”.(值得注意的是，当任务变得极具挑战性时，推理模型会
“减少努力”，报告称这“尤其令人担忧”)”可知，推理模型的问题是在困难任务上投入的精力更
少，故选B。
33. 推理判断题。根据第三段“A Chicago newspaper once published an AI-generated summer reading guide
with non-existent books, and a Dublin Halloween parade advertised online was fake.(芝加哥一家报纸曾刊登
了一份由人工智能生成的夏季阅读指南，其中包含不存在的书籍，而都柏林网上宣传的万圣节游行也
是假的)”可知，提到芝加哥报纸和都柏林游行是为了展示人工智能的错误信息，故选A。
34. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“Experts like Dr. Niousha Shafibady note expecting AI to be a “magic wand” is
wrong. AI fails in complex tasks due to algorithms’(算法的)essential characteristics — they may lose logical
reasoning, miss data patterns, or waste resources on wrong solutions.(像Niousha Shafibady 博士这样的专家
指出，期望人工智能成为“magic wand”是错误的。由于算法的基本特性，人工智能在复杂任务中会失
败——它们可能会失去逻辑推理能力，错过数据模式，或者在错误的解决方案上浪费资源)”可知，这
里说期望人工智能成为“magic wand”是错误的，说明“magic wand”指一种完美的能解决问题的东
西，故选D。
35. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“While companies say AI is improving, experts disagree. A
survey by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence found 60% of respondents don’t think
AI’s accuracy and trustworthiness issues will be solved soon.(虽然公司表示人工智能正在改进，但专家们
并不认同。美国人工智能促进协会的一项调查发现，60%的受访者认为人工智能的准确性和可信度问
题不会很快得到解决)”可知，人们在使用人工智能进行准确任务时应该谨慎，故选C。
D-5
(2026 届云南省昆明市普通高中高三上学期摸底诊断)For several years now, the countryside has no
longer functioned merely as a picturesque counterpoint(对应物)to the city but has become an active laboratory for
new relationships between landscape and people. Trace of Land, designed by ELSE Design Studio, is one of the
examples.
ELSE reinterprets the hay bale(干草捆)as a spatial installation(装置)that unfolds across the fields of Val
Badia in the Italian Dolomites. Presented as part of the international open-air art event — SMACH 2025, the
project transforms an agricultural object into a canopy-like(类顶棚的)structure that follows the landscape, offering
places for shade, rest, and gathering.
The land art installation is a continuous path made of unfolded hay bales. It moves with the outline of the
Alpine landscape. Removed from its functional role in farming, the hay bale becomes both sculptural and
architectural, drawing attention to the relationship between human labor, tools, and the land.
Often seen as typical parts of farm life, hay bales are in fact products of industrialized processes, stored and
transported by machinery. In Trace of Land, this industrial form is loosened and reshaped, creating a structure that
switches between lying on the ground and lifting lightly to form shaded passages. The result is a temporary canopy
that strikes a balance between agricultural efficiency and natural setting. In line with this year’s SMACH theme,
hay bales represent the reciprocal relationship between human and the land, enhancing the dialogue between
people and the environment.
Visitors are invited to walk along and beneath the structure, using box-shaped bales arranged as seating to
pause and reflect. As time passes, the hay will naturally break down, returning to the soil and completing a cycle of
use and renewal.
32. What role does ELSE give to the hay bale?
A. A farming tool.
B. A storage device.
C. A cultural platform. D. A relaxation zone.
33. What does the underlined word “reciprocal” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Formal.
B. Casual.
C. Mutual.
D. Distant.
34. Which can best describe the installation based on the last paragraph?
A. Natural and traditional.
B. Sustainable and eco-friendly.
C. Advanced and modern.
D. Intelligent and energy-efficient.
35. Which column of a website might the text be taken from?
A. Reimaging the Countryside.
B. Advocating Farming Techniques.
C. Redesigning Urban Landscape.
D. Conversing with Agriculturalists.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍 ELSE 设计工作室的大地艺术《大地踪迹》，将干草捆改造成乡村休
憩装置，体现人与自然的共生，兼具可持续性与环保理念。
32. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Presented as part of the international open-air art event — SMACH 2025, the
project transforms an agricultural object into a canopy-like(类顶棚的)structure that follows the landscape,
offering places for shade, rest, and gathering.(作为国际露天艺术活动“SMACH 2025”的一部分，该项目
将一个农业设施改造成了一个与地形相契合的类似伞盖的结构，为人们提供了遮阳、休憩和聚会的场
所)”可知，干草捆被打造成休闲区域，故选D。
33. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“The result is a temporary canopy that strikes a balance between agricultural
efficiency and natural setting.(其结果是一个临时的遮蔽顶篷，既体现了农业的高效性，又与自然环境相
融合)”以及后文“relationship between human and the land, enhancing the dialogue between people and the
environment(人类与土地之间的相互关系，加强了人与环境之间的交流)”可知，干草捆体现了人与土地
的相互、互惠关系，故划线词意思是“相互的”，故选C。
34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Visitors are invited to walk along and beneath the structure, using box-shaped
bales arranged as seating to pause and reflect. As time passes, the hay will naturally break down, returning to
the soil and completing a cycle of use and renewal.(欢迎游客们沿着这座建筑漫步，甚至可以置身其下
方。他们可以坐在由方形草捆排列而成的座位上稍作停留，进行思考和感悟。随着时间的推移，这些
干草会自然分解，回归土壤，从而完成使用与更新的循环过程)”可知，这个安装工程的特点是可持续
且环保的，故选B。
35. 推理判断题。根据第一段“For several years now, the countryside has no longer functioned merely as a
picturesque counterpoint( 对应物)to the city but has become an active laboratory for new relationships
between landscape and people. Trace of Land, designed by ELSE Design Studio, is one of the examples.(近年
来，乡村不再仅仅作为城市的一道美丽风景线而存在，而是成为了探讨人与自然环境之间新关系的活
跃实验场。由ELSE 设计工作室设计的“土地痕迹”就是其中的一个范例)”以及文章开篇点明乡村不
再只是城市的风景对应物，而是景观与人新型关系的试验场，后文围绕乡村大地艺术装置展开，可
知，文章可能出自该网站的《重塑乡村》栏目，故选A。
