专题07 阅读理解（说明文）
（一）
（2025·云南丽江·一模）
C
In the hustle and bustle of urban life, people often feel overwhelmed with stress and in need of an escape.
There are numerous ways to navigate through a city, including walking, cycling, or taking the bus. But no matter
which way we travel, we have to stick to the route the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are
no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through,
over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more
people to it — there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to the Guardian
— and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination ( 协调性) and balance. So the
organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.
But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”,
wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”
Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways”, wrote
reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves
and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be
greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
28.How do the parkour practitioners do parkour?
A．They move on as they wish.
B．They choose the routes the city planners laid down.
C．They run faster than others.
D．They stick to certain routes.
29.Why does the FIG want to add parkour to the Olympics?
A．It’s a special way of life.
B．It draws their attention.
C．It’s good for people to keep healthy.
D．It needs some rules and instructions.
30.What is the author’s attitude towards parkour?
A．Objective.
B．Supportive.
C．Opposed.
D．Indifferent.
31.What is the best title for the passage?
A．A new sports competition
B．Parkour practitioners
C．Training in a different way
D．Parkouring the city in their own way
【答案】28.A 29.C 30.B 31.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，
按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。作
者认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力，还可以释放压力。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段中“To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — since
they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. ( 对
他们来说，没有固定的路线。没有墙壁，也没有楼梯——因为它们会跳、爬、滚、爬，在路上发现的任何
东西上下移动。)”可知，跑酷爱好者会按照自己的意愿移动。故选A 项。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is
drawing more and more people to it — there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone,
according to the Guardian — and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination (协调性)
and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics
by 2024.(国际体操联合会（FIG）注意到，这项活动吸引了越来越多的人参加——据《卫报》报道，仅在
英国就有10 万人参加跑酷活动——以及它对人们变得更强壮的帮助：它训练了协调性和平衡性。因此，该
组织正在考虑将跑酷作为一项新运动，并在2024 年之前将其纳入奥运会。)”可知，国际体操联合会考虑将
跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。故选C 项。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s great that the FIG wants to develop new sport and stay close to a new
cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.(国际体联希望发展
新的运动，并保持与新的文化形式的紧密联系，这很好。但如果他们知道生活中并非一切都是比赛，那就
更好了。)”可知，作者对酷跑持支持态度。故选B 项。
31.主旨大意题。根据第二段“ Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely
different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — since they jump, climb, roll
and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their
playground.(然而，跑酷练习者以完全不同的方式看待这座城市。对他们来说，没有固定的路线。没有墙
壁，也没有楼梯——因为它们会跳、爬、滚、爬，在路上发现的任何东西上下移动。城市是他们的游乐
场。)”并结合上下文可知，文章主要介绍了跑酷这项体育运动，跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按
照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会，因为它有助于人们保持健康。作者
认为跑酷帮助人们变得有创造力，还可以释放压力。由此可知，D 选项Parkouring the city in their own
way(以自己的方式跑酷城市)最符合文章标题。故选D 项。
（二）
（2025·云南曲靖·一模）
C
A region of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核) is responsible for powerful emotions like fear. Now,
researchers have found the region may also be to blame for overeating. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL)
Professor Bo Li has discovered a group of neurons (神经元) in the region that drives mice to eat fatty or sugary
foods — even when they’ re not hungry.
Like most people, mice also tend to find foods high in fat and sugar the tastiest. They may enjoy these treats
for pleasure, rather than for survival. The neurons Li and his colleagues studied cause this behavior, called hedonic
(享乐的) eating.
“Even if the animal is supposed to stop eating because they are already full, if those neurons are still active,
they can still drive those animals to eat more,” Li notes.
When the team switched off the specific neurons, mice weren’t drawn to the fatty and sugary foods that had
attracted them before. “They just happily ate and stayed healthy,” Li says. “They not only stopped gaining weight,
but also seemed to be much healthier overall.” Switching these neurons off reduced overeating and protected
against obesity. It also boosted the animals’ physical activity, leading to weight loss and better health.
Li and his team are exploring ways to control the neurons that cause hedonic eating. The next step, he says,
is to map out how these neurons respond to different types of food and see what makes them so sensitive. He hopes
this collaboration will lead to new strategies for effective anti-obesity therapeutics (疗法).
Therapeutics targeting these neurons could lead to new treatments for obesity with minimal side effects.
“The medications currently available to aid weight management can cause significant side effects. So, a more
targeted approach is needed,” Li says. “Identifying the brain neurons that controls eating is important for
developing better treatment options for people who struggle to control their weight.”
28.What does the study focus on?
A．The causes of becoming overweight.
B．The connection between brain and fear.
C．The link between brain and appetite.
D．The effects of fatty and sugary food.
29.What happen to mice when specific neurons in the amygdala are switched off?
A．They are attracted by fatty and sugary products.
B．They are more likely to be victims of obesity.
C．They suffer a complete loss of appetite for food.
D．They increase physical activity and get better
health.
30.What does Professor Bo Li want to do next?
A．Know more about specific neurons in the amygdala.
B．Test new therapeutics on people with obesity.
C．Identify side effects of treatments for obesity. D．Use current methods to treat eating disorders.
31.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The significance of the study.
B．The limitation of the study.
C．The challenges of the study.
D．The possible reason for the finding.
【答案】28.C 29.D 30.A 31.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国科学家李波教授及其团队的研究发现：大脑中的杏仁核
区域与食欲有关，特定神经元会促使小鼠过度进食高脂肪或高糖食物。李教授团队正探索控制这些神经元
的方法，以期开发出副作用更小的肥胖治疗新策略。
28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ A region of the brain called the amygdala ( 杏仁核) is responsible for
powerful emotions like fear. Now, researchers have found the region may also be to blame for overeating.( 大脑中
一个被称为杏仁核的区域负责像恐惧这样强烈的情绪。现在，研究人员发现，该地区也可能是暴饮暴食的
罪魁祸首)”可知，研究关注的是大脑杏仁核区域与过度进食之间的关系，即大脑与食欲之间的联系。故选
C。
29.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Switching these neurons off reduced overeating and protected against
obesity. It also boosted the animals’ physical activity, leading to weight loss and better health.(关闭这些神经元可
以减少暴饮暴食，防止肥胖。它还促进了动物的身体活动，导致体重减轻，更健康)”可知，当杏仁核中的
特定神经元被关闭时，小鼠不再被高脂肪和高糖食物吸引，而且它们的身体活动增加，健康状况得到改
善。因此，选项D“They increase physical activity and get better health.(它们增加身体活动并获得更好的健
康)”符合题意。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Li and his team are exploring ways to control the neurons that
cause hedonic eating. The next step, he says, is to map out how these neurons respond to different types of food and
see what makes them so sensitive. (李和他的团队正在探索控制导致享乐性进食的神经元的方法。他说，下一
步是绘制出这些神经元对不同类型食物的反应，看看是什么让它们如此敏感)”可知，李教授和他的团队正
在探索控制导致享乐性进食的神经元的方法，下一步是绘制出这些神经元对不同类型食物的反应，并找出
使它们如此敏感的原因。因此，选项A“Know more about specific neurons in the amygdala.(了解更多关于杏
仁核中特定神经元的信息)”符合题意。故选A。
31.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Therapeutics targeting these neurons could lead to new treatments for obesity
with minimal side effects. (针对这些神经元的治疗方法可能会带来副作用最小的肥胖新疗法)”以及
“ “ Identifying the brain neurons that controls eating is important for developing better treatment options for
people who struggle to control their weight.”(“确定控制饮食的大脑神经元对于为控制体重而挣扎的人开发更
好的治疗方案非常重要。”)”可知，文章最后一段主要讲述了研究的意义，即针对这些神经元的治疗可能
为肥胖提供新的、副作用最小的治疗方法，确定控制进食的大脑神经元对于为那些难以控制体重的人开发
更好的治疗方案很重要。因此，选项A“The significance of the study.(研究的意义)”概括本段主要内容。故选
A。
（三）
（2025·云南保山市·一模）
C
In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move through the mist; tall factory
chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony painted by Claude Monet in
Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.
Painted at dawn on November 13, 1872, this oil painting pictures a harbor scene enveloped in morning mist,
and reveals the beautiful view of daybreak through the interplay of light and motion. In this painting, Monet
abandoned the mainstream academic art style of his time — distinct boundaries and colors. Instead, he focused on
color relationships and the effects of outdoor light, capturing the delicate changes of colors through reflections on
the water surface, breaking through the limits of the art world at the time.
This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in nature
but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. Meanwhile, it describes a warm and peaceful life,
representing people’s expectations for economic recovery and social stability. The industrial elements in the
painting, such as the smoking chimneys, imply the development of society and economic boom at the time,
suggesting the social changes and the mentality of people in late 19th century Europe.
For a thorough appreciation of this artwork and its significance in art history, one should examine the
primary colors featured in the painting, such as light purple, soft red, blue-gray, and orange-yellow, and figure out
how they interact to bring up the atmosphere of a sunrise. It’s also important to figure out how Monet skillfully
seized the instant through the contrast of light and shadow, along with his deliberate arrangement of the sun, boats,
and chimneys. More importantly, the symbolic significance of the sunrise, or what it mint symbolize in terms of
hope, rebirth, or societal transformation, is a theme that viewers should consider repeatedly.
28.What is the author’s purpose by describing the port at the beginning?
A．To convey emotion.
B．To invite people to visit.
C．To arouse readers’ interest.
D．To showcase literary talent.
29.Which were best defines Claude Monet according to the passage?
A．Conservative.
B．Innovative.
C．Passive.
D．Traditional.
30.Which of the following aspects is NOT analyzed in the text?
A．The use of primary colors in the painting.
B．The impact of industrial development on society.
C．The influence of Monet’s painting on future generations.
D．Monet’s technique in capturing the interplay of light and color.
31.What can be the most appropriate title for the text?
A．Monet: The Greatest Master of Art
B．Monet: The Pioneer of Impressionism
C．Impression, Sunrise Is an Artistic Revolution
D．Impression, Sunrise Is a Mirror for the 19th Century Europe
【答案】28.C 29.B 30.C 31.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。它通过对Claude Monet 的《日出·印象》这幅画的详细描述和深入分析，探讨了
画作的艺术特点、历史背景、象征意义以及在艺术史上的地位。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段“In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move
through the mist; tall factory chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony
painted by Claude Monet in Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.(在勒阿弗尔
港，晨光拥抱着水面；小船在雾中穿行；高大的工厂烟囱将烟与雾混合在一起——克劳德·莫奈在《日出·
印象》中描绘的美丽和谐的画面，邀请你走进印象派的世界)”可知，文章开头通过详细描述勒阿弗尔港的
黎明景色，使用了生动的视觉语言来吸引读者。这种描述手法的目的是抓住读者的注意力，使他们对文章
的主题产生兴趣，并激发其继续阅读下去的欲望，故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段“In this painting, Monet abandoned the mainstream academic art style of his time
— distinct boundaries and colors. Instead, he focused on color relationships and the effects of outdoor light,
capturing the delicate changes of colors through reflections on the water surface, breakıng through the limits of the
art world at the time.(在这幅画中，莫奈抛弃了当时主流的学院派艺术风格——鲜明的边界和色彩。相反，
他专注于色彩关系和室外光线的效果，通过水面的反射捕捉色彩的微妙变化，突破了当时艺术界的限制)”
和第三段“This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in
nature but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. (这幅艺术珍品不仅展示了莫奈对自然中光与
色相互作用的独特见解，也反映了他开创性的艺术创作方法)”可知，莫奈放弃了当时主流的学术艺术风格
——明显的边界和颜色，而专注于色彩之间的关系和户外光线的效果，捕捉水面反射色彩的微妙变化，突
破了当时艺术界的限制。这表明莫奈是一个创新的艺术家，故选B。
30.细节理解题。根据第三段“This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay
of light and color in nature but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. Meanwhile, it describes a
warm and peaceful life, representing people’s expectations for economic recovery and social stability. The
industrial elements in the painting, such as the smoking chimneys, imply the development of society and economic
boom at the time, suggesting the social changes and the mentality of people in late 19th century Europe.(这幅艺术
珍品不仅展示了莫奈对自然中光与色相互作用的独特见解，也反映了他开创性的艺术创作方法。同时，它
描绘了一个温暖和平的生活，代表了人们对经济复苏和社会稳定的期望。画中的工业元素，如冒烟的烟
囱，暗示了当时社会的发展和经济的繁荣，暗示了19 世纪后期欧洲的社会变化和人们的心态)”可知，分析
了莫奈的画作展示了他对光与色彩相互作用的独特见解，以及他对艺术创作的开创性方法。同时，提到了
画作如何反映了当时社会的经济发展和人们对经济复苏与社会稳定的期望。但是，文中并没有提到莫奈的
画作对未来几代人的影响，故选C。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move
through the mist; tall factory chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony
painted by Claude Monet in Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.(在勒阿弗尔
港，晨光拥抱着水面；小船在雾中穿行；高大的工厂烟囱将烟与雾混合在一起——克劳德·莫奈在《日出·
印象》中描绘的美丽和谐的画面，邀请你走进印象派的世界)”以及纵观全文可知，这篇文章主要对莫奈的
画作《日出·印象》作了详细的描述和深入分析，重点是这幅画作而非画家莫奈。文章介绍了画作内容、创
作背景和手法、社会象征意义和欣赏方式等。就文章来说，它从画作创作没有采用当时的艺术主流方式体
现了它的创新；就现实来说，这幅画作是印象派的开山之作，C 项“《日出·印象》是一场艺术革命”符
合。故选C。
（四）
（2025·云南普洱·一模）
C
When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually
episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life.
Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory
is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know.
Usually, the recall of episodic and semantic memories has easily identifiable triggers (诱因) in our context.
Context includes our physical surroundings as well as the aspects of our mental state, such as thoughts and feelings.
For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to
make. This is episodic memory. When someone says the word “Oscar”, the name of the movie that won the Oscar
recently flashes in your mind. That belongs to semantic memory.
These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds
have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called
mind-pops (闪念).
Mind-pops shouldn’t be confused with insight, which is the sudden pop ping up of a potential solution to a
complex problem in the mind. Thus, mind- pops are semantic or autobiographical memories that suddenly flash in
our minds without an easily identifiable trigger.
Mind-pops may comprise any piece of information, be it an image, a sound, or a word. They’re often
experienced by people when they’re engaged in mundane tasks like mopping the floor or brushing teeth. Such
ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind. For example, you’re reading a book, and
suddenly, the image of your school corridor pops into your mind for no reason. What you were reading or thinking
at the time had no connection to your school.
I do experience mind-pops from time to time. But when I tried to look for cues in my con text that may have
triggered my mind-pops, I would fail. Maybe such mind-pops are completely random.
28.Which of the following might be episodic memory?
A．You predict a heavy rain is on the way.
B．A good idea flashes into your mind suddenly.
C．A song reminds you of your middle school graduation.
D．You think of a round shape when hearing the word “circle”.
29.What is a feature of mind-pops?
A．They have obvious triggers.
B．They come out without warning.
C．They appear in the form of images.
D．They often bring long- lasting memories.
30.What does the underlined word “mundane” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Careful.
B．Dull.
C．Necessary.
D．Challenging.
31.What is the aim of this passage?
A．To explore human inner thoughts.
B．To point out the memory formation.
C．To distinguish different memory scenes. D．To explain some similar memory phenomena.
【答案】28.C 29.B 30.B 31.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了认知心理学的几种现象，如情景记忆、语义记忆还有闪念及
其与顿悟之间的差异等。
28.推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a
similar dish your mom used to make. This is episodic memory. (例如，你在餐馆吃一道菜，它的味道让你想起
了你妈妈以前做过的类似的菜。这就是情景记忆.)”可知，情景记忆就是类似的物质环境和精神状态引起我
们曾经的记忆，所以C 项“一首歌让你想起中学毕业”属于情景记忆的范畴。故选C 项。
29.细节理解题。根据第四段“These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories
that flash in our minds have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore,
they’ve been called mind-pops (闪念). (这些记忆在我们的环境中有明显的触发点，但有时，在我们脑海中闪
现的记忆没有可识别的触发点。它们似乎不知从哪里在我们脑海中闪过；因此，它们被称为闪念。)”可
知，闪念是在脑海中闪现的记忆，没有可识别的触发点，突然在我们脑海中闪过。故选B 项。
30.词句猜测题。根据画线词后面的例子“like mopping the floor or brushing teeth (从事拖地或刷牙)”以及
“Such ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind (这些平凡无奇的日常往往会激发
我们的思想)”可知，刷牙、拖地是单调的日常工作，由此推断B 选项词义与画线词词义接近。故选B 项。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段“When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’
re referring to are usually episodic ( 情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the
scenes of our life. (当人们说突然想起旧记忆时，他们指的通常是情景记忆。顾名思义，这种类型的记忆存
储了我们生活中的场景。)”以及第二段“Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is
semantic memory. Our semantic memory is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know. (另
一种可以被突然记住的记忆是语义记忆。我们的语义记忆是我们知识的仓库，包含了我们所知道的所有事
实。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了什么是情景记忆、语义记忆、闪念及其与顿悟的区别等，由此
推断文章的目的是解释一些相似的记忆现象。故选D 项。
（五）
（2025·云南文山壮族苗族自治州广南县第十中学校·一模）
C
In today’s digital age, screens are everywhere. From smartphones to tablets, televisions to gaming consoles
( 游戏机), children are growing up with their eyes keeping looking at the little boxes several hours a day.
Unfortunately, a new study finds this is ruining their ability to communicate with others. Researchers at the
University of Tartu in Estonia have found that regular screen use by both parents and children has a link to
deteriorating language skills among kids.
The study, conducted by Tiia Tulviste and Jaan Tulviste of the University of Tartu, focused on Estonian
families with children between two-and-a-half and four-year-olds. Their findings suggest that higher total screen
time for children contributes to poorer vocabulary and grammatical skills. In fact, none of the screen-based
activities that children or parents engaged in, including viewing screens together and socializing time, had a
positive impact on language skills. One of the most striking findings was the impact of video games. Playing video
games didn’t have a positive connection with children’s language skills, regardless of whether it was the child,
mother, or father doing the gaming. This suggests that the type of screen activity matters just as much as the
amount of time spent staring at screens.
These findings emphasize the importance of considering the entire family’s screen habits when addressing
child language development. It’s not just about limiting a child’s screen time; parents’ screen use patterns also play
a crucial role. “While reading e-books and playing some educational games may offer language learning
opportunities, especially for older children, research shows that during the first years of life, the most influential
factor is everyday face-to-face parent-child verbal (语言的) interaction,” says Tulviste.
However, the study has some limitations. First, all data, including fathers’ screen use, were reported by
mothers, which could be inaccurate. Second, the study only included families where children lived with both
parents. So, more studies are needed.
28.Which word can replace the underlined word “deteriorating” in paragraph 1?
A．Showing.
B．Predicting.
C．Weakening.
D．Learning.
29.What can we say about the type of screen activity?
A．It causes harm to kids’ language ability. B．It helps parents to give up video games.
C．It controls kids’ time spent on the screen.D．It shows the link between parents and kids.
30.What does Tulviste advise parents to do in paragraph 3?
A．Use e-book readers.
B．Form good family screen habits.
C．Play more educational games.
D．Balance kids’ language growth.
31.What’s the author’s attitude towards the research result?
A．Objective.
B．Doubtful.
C．Supportive.
D．Critical.
【答案】28.C 29.A 30.B 31.A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了家庭中屏幕的使用降低了孩子的语言能力，但这项研究也有其局限
性。
28.词句猜测题。根据上文“Unfortunately, a new study finds this is ruining their ability to communicate with
others. (不幸的是，一项新的研究发现，这正在破坏他们与他人沟通的能力。)”以及根据下文“Their
findings suggest that higher total screen time for children contributes to poorer vocabulary and grammatical skills.
(他们的研究结果表明，孩子看屏幕的总时间越长，词汇和语法技能就越差。)”可知，屏幕使用与孩子语言
能力的减弱有关，故“deteriorating”意为“弱化”，与C 项“Weakening”同义。故选C 项。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段“Their findings suggest that higher total screen time for children contributes to
poorer vocabulary and grammatical skills. (他们的研究结果表明，孩子看屏幕的总时间越长，词汇和语法技
能就越差。)”以及根据“Playing video games didn’t have a positive connection with children’s language skills,
regardless of whether it was the child, mother, or father doing the gaming. (不管玩电子游戏的是孩子、母亲还是
父亲，玩电子游戏都与孩子的语言技能没有积极的联系。)”可知，屏幕活动的类型会损害孩子的语言能
力。故选A 项。
30.推理判断题。根据第三段“These findings emphasize the importance of considering the entire family’s screen
habits when addressing child language development. (这些发现强调了在解决儿童语言发展问题时考虑整个家
庭屏幕习惯的重要性。)”可知，Tulviste 建议家长形成良好的家庭屏幕使用习惯，重视面对面的语言交流，
故选B 项。
31.推理判断题。根据文章可知，前三段都在说家庭中屏幕的使用降低了孩子的语言能力。再根据第四段
“However, the study has some limitations. (然而，这项研究也有一些局限性。)”可知，作者对研究结果是客
观的。故选A 项。
（六）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市腾冲市第八中学·一模）
C
Blue-light glasses gained popularity over the past few years with the idea that they protect our eyes against
screen usage, but a new analysis shows a different result.
“We found there may be no short-term advantages with using blue-light glasses to reduce visual tiredness
associated with computer use, compared to non-blue-light ones,” said Laura Downie. “It is also currently unclear
whether these glasses affect vision quality or sleep-related outcomes, and no conclusions could be drawn about any
potential effects on retinal (视网膜的) health in the longer term. People should be aware of these findings when
deciding whether to purchase these glasses.”
The studies they reviewed ranged in size and length, with a range of as few as five to as many as 156
participants assessed over different periods, from less than one day to five weeks. The authors said more researches
with longer follow-ups in more diverse populations are needed to better assess any potential effects.
Earlier this year, Dr. Robert Johnson said, “I would have patients coming in saying they just ordered blue-
blocking glasses from the Internet for their daughter and what was my opinion. This blue-blocking situation has
been fake basically from the beginning. It’s a complete nonsense that comes from advertising.”
Instead of shelling out money for special shades, however, experts advise taking screen breaks. They
recommend small breaks away from screens every 20 minutes. During that break, look into the distance at an object
at least 20 feet away or farther, for 20 seconds or more. Also shut your eyes for 20 seconds during the break.
Johnson also goes by the “20-20-20 rule”. “For every 20 minutes, look away in excess (超过) of 20 feet for 20
seconds,” he said. “That will relax your focusing mechanism that will give your eyes a break and that will make
you more comfortable.”
28.What do Laura Downie’s words show in the second paragraph?
A．Blue-light glasses reduce visual tiredness.
B．Blue-light glasses help us get a good night sleep.
C．Blue-light glasses are unlikely to benefit our eyes.
D．Blue-light glasses improve computer use efficiency.
29.What’s Dr. Robert Johnson’s attitude toward using blue-light glasses?
A．Neutral.
B．Tolerant.
C．Supportive.
D．Disapproving.
30.What does the experts suggest to protect your eyes against blue light?
A．Observing the “20-20-20 rule”.
B．Setting up no screen time now and then.
C．Looking into the distance every 20 seconds.
D．Purchasing quality special shades for your eyes.
31.What might be the best title for the text?
A．A New Study Of Blue-light Glasses
B．Blue-light Glasses May Be Useless
C．An Effective Way To Protect Eyes
D．Blue-light Glasses Cause Issues
【答案】28.C 29.D 30.A 31.B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。防蓝光眼镜号称可以保护眼睛不受电子屏幕伤害，但是一些研究人员对此有不
同的看法。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段““We found there may be no short-term advantages with using blue-light glasses
to reduce visual tiredness associated with computer use, compared to non-blue-light ones,” said Laura Downie. “It
is also currently unclear whether these glasses affect vision quality or sleep-related outcomes, and no conclusions
could be drawn about any potential effects on retinal (视网膜的) health in the longer term. People should be aware
of these findings when deciding whether to purchase these glasses.” (劳拉·唐尼说：“我们发现，与非蓝光眼镜
相比，使用蓝光眼镜在减少因使用电脑而引起的视觉疲劳方面可能没有短期优势。目前还不清楚这些眼镜
是否会影响视力质量或与睡眠相关的结果，从长远来看，对视网膜健康的潜在影响也没有结论。”人们在
决定是否购买这些眼镜时应该了解这些发现。”)”可知，这种眼镜不可能对眼睛有益处。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段“This blue-blocking situation has been fake basically from the beginning. It’s a
complete nonsense that come from advertising. (这种阻挡蓝光的情况基本上从一开始就是假的。这完全是来
自广告的无稽之谈，)”可知，他认为这是一种欺骗；是虚假的广告宣传。因此，他反对使用这种眼镜。故
选D。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段““For every 20 minutes, look away in excess (超过) of 20 feet for 20 seconds,”
he said. “That will relax your focusing mechanism that will give your eyes a break and that will make you more
comfortable.” (他说：“每隔20 分钟，把目光移开20 英尺，持续20 秒。这会放松你的聚焦机制，让你的眼
睛休息一下，让你感觉更舒服。”)”可知，“20-20-20 rule”这种法则可以保护眼睛免受蓝光的伤害。故选
A。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Blue-light glasses gained popularity over the past few years with the idea that they
protect our eyes against screen usage, but a new analysis shows a different result. (在过去的几年里，蓝光眼镜越
来越受欢迎，人们认为蓝光眼镜可以保护我们的眼睛不受屏幕的影响，但一项新的分析显示了不同的结
果。)”结合文章说明了研究表明防蓝光眼镜对眼睛健康的好处并不像我们期待的那样；甚至有研究人员认
为：这是在欺骗消费者。B 选项“蓝光眼镜可能无用”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（七）
（2025·云南昆明市第一中学·一模）
C
The nonprofit organization COSACOSA established its Healing Art Project in 1990. Working with hospitals,
schools and community organizations, the program promotes physical and emotional healing for those suffering
from illness and physical disabilities.
Since the Healing Art Project began, COSACOSA has initiated a number of projects that have brought
people together to work on art pieces. Its founder Niemela still remembers its first project, which was created for
the Philadelphia International Airport between its two terminals (航站楼). Children across the city made over 1,200
small sculptures. They represented hopes, desires, or wishes that were shared by people globally, and in turn,
connected people with one another. The final piece, called Comnection, displayed these sculptures flowing from a
pair of hands entwined (缠绕) to form the shape of a bird.
Betsy Leschinsky, a teacher and artist who worked on Connection, remembers how relieved the children at
the local hospitals seemed to be when she offered them an opportunity to break from their routine of bed rest,
needles, and testing. Learning that their works would be on display at the airport excited them. “It lifted their
spirits; it was a hopeful moment for them,” said Leschinsky. “They expect that once I get out of here, I’ll be able to
see this.”
Connection hung between the two terminals for 11 years as the airport’s exhibition program. The hope was
that travelers, whether arriving, departing or rushing to make a connection, would pause for a moment to consider
their own role within their community, and to remind them that we were all connected. “We want to reclaim the
original role of art, which was to bring people together,” said Niemela. “If the process is healing that’s great, but
ultimately, it’s about building communities.”
28.What can we learn about Connection from paragraph 2?
A．It connected the airports.
B．It offered a resting place.
C．It conveyed good wishes.
D．It had sculptures of birds.
29.What can be inferred from Leschinsky’s words about the project?
A．It cheered sick children.
B．It do lighted art teachers.
C．It excited talented artists.
D．It benefited the hospitals.
30.Why was the project Connection built?
A．To stress one’s role in groups.
B．To give directions to travelers.
C．To display children’s artworks.
D．To share local life experiences.
31.Which might be a suitable title for the text?
A．Artworks Connect Air Travelers
B．Find Your True Self in Artworks
C．Healing Power of Children’s Art
D．Healing Art Builds Communities
【答案】28.C 29.A 30.A 31.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了非营利组织COSACOSA 的“Healing Art Project”及其第一个项目
“Connection”的背景、目的和影响。该项目通过艺术创作促进身体和情感上的康复，并帮助建立社区联
系。
28. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“ Children across the city made over 1,200 small sculptures. They
represented hopes, desires, or wishes that were shared by people globally, and in turn, connected people with one
another.(全市的孩子们制作了1200 多个小雕塑。它们代表了全球人们共同的希望、愿望或祈愿，并反过来
将人们彼此联系起来。)”可知，“Connection”传达了美好的愿望。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“It lifted their spirits; it was a hopeful moment for them,” said Leschinsky.
“They expect that once I get out of here, I’ll be able to see this.”(“它提升了他们的精神；对他们来说，这是一
个充满希望的时刻，”莱辛斯基说。“他们期待着，一旦我离开这里，我就能看到这个。” )”可知，这个
项目让生病的孩子们感到振奋。故选A。
30.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The hope was that travelers, whether arriving, departing or rushing to
make a connection, would pause for a moment to consider their own role within their community, and to remind
them that we were all connected.(希望旅客们，无论是到达、离开还是匆忙转机，都能停下来思考一下自己
在社区中的角色，并提醒他们我们都是相互联系的。)”可以推断，该项目旨在强调个人在群体中的角色。
故选A。
31.主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是第四段“We want to reclaim the original role of art, which was to
bring people together,” said Niemela. “If the process is healing that’s great, but ultimately, it’s about building
communities.”(“我们想重新找回艺术的原始角色，那就是将人们聚集在一起，”尼梅拉说。“如果这个过
程是治愈性的，那很好，但最终，它是关于建立社区的。”)”可知，主要介绍了非营利组织COSACOSA
的“Healing Art Project”及其第一个项目“Connection”的背景、目的和影响。该项目通过艺术创作促进身体
和情感上的康复，并帮助建立社区联系。由此可知，D 项“治愈艺术建立社区”适合作文章标题。故选
D。
（八）
（2025·云南昆明·一模）
C
AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher David Edmonds, is a collection
of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral dilemmas it will set off, painting a
picture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry. In this excerpt ( 节选), Muriel Leuenberger, a postdoctoral
researcher in the ethics (道德) of technology and AI at the University of Zurich, focuses on this very modern
identity crisis.
An AI that tells you who you are and what you should do is based on the idea that your identity is something
you can discover — information you or an AI may access. But this view misses an important point: we also choose
who we are.
Constantly relying on AI recommendation systems might calcify your identity. By recommending products
and other contents, you become more likely to consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered
suitable for you, gradually influencing you so much that you develop into who it took you to originally be.
This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In theory, they could be designed to
broaden the user’s horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing customers what they already like. In
practice, that’s not how they function.
Besides, by giving decisions to AI, you may fail to meet the moral demand to take responsibility for who you
are. This concern weighs particularly heavy when making the most substantial decisions. But even in ordinary
cases like selecting movies, music, books, or news, it would be good to put recommendation systems aside from
time to time, which in turn, calls for research, risk, and self-reflection.
An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out what they mean to you and how you
let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a way of seeking well-being. Through
your actions, you choose what kind of person you are.
28.What does the collection of essays focus on?
A．Potential benefits and risks of AI.
B．Various dominant roles of AI.
C．Recent policies on AI development.
D．Individual estimates of AI’s future.
29.What does the underlined word “calcify” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit.
B．Weaken.
C．Remember.
D．Reject.
30.What is the recommendation system designed for?
A．Developing users’ broader vision.
B．Prioritizing the most ideal choice.
C．Highlighting existing preferences.
D．Attracting consumers’ engagement.
31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To prove the uniqueness of AI.
B．To stress the huge influence of AI.
C．To present the confusion brought by AI. D．To advocate independent thinking in AI era.
【答案】28.A 29.B 30.A 31.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《人工智能道德》这本书中的节选内容，探讨了人工智能对我们
生活的改变以及引发的道德困境，重点阐述了人工智能推荐系统对用户身份的影响，呼吁人们在人工智能
时代保持独立思考。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher
David Edmonds, is a collection of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral
dilemmas it will set off, painting a picture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry(英国哲学家大卫
埃德蒙兹
・
编辑的《人工智能道德》（牛津大学出版社，2024 年）是一本论文集，探讨了人工智能将如何彻底改变我
们的生活以及它将引发的道德困境，描绘了我们应该感到高兴和担忧的原因)”可知，这本论文集关注的是
人工智能带来的潜在好处和风险。故选A 项。
29.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“By recommending products and other contents, you become more likely to
consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered suitable for you, gradually influencing you so
much that you develop into who it took you to originally be(通过推荐产品和其他内容，你更有可能按照人工智
能系统最初认为适合你的方式去消费、思考和行动，逐渐对你产生很大影响，以至于你变成了它最初认为
你应该成为的样子)”可知，不断依赖人工智能推荐系统会让你逐渐变成它所认为的样子，而不是自己主动
去选择和发展，这意味着你的身份会受到限制，逐渐“弱化”。所以“calcify”在这里的意思是“弱化”，
与weaken 含义接近，故选B 项。
30.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In
theory, they could be designed to broaden the user's horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing
customers what they already like(然而，这并不是推荐系统的必要特征。从理论上讲，它们可以被设计成拓
宽用户的视野，而不是通过向客户展示他们已经喜欢的东西来最大化参与度)”可知，推荐系统理论上的设
计目的是拓宽用户的视野，故选A 项。
31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out
what they mean to you and how you let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a
way of seeking well-being. Through your actions, you choose what kind of person you are(人工智能可能会陈述
很多关于你的事实，但弄清楚这些事实对你意味着什么以及你如何让它们定义你是你的工作。行动也是如
此。你的行动不仅仅是一种追求幸福的方式。通过你的行动，你选择了你想成为什么样的人)”可知，作者
强调在人工智能时代，人们要自己去思考人工智能所提供的信息的意义，以及自己要成为什么样的人，而
不是完全依赖人工智能。可推理出作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导在人工智能时代进行独立思考，故选D
项。
（九）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市第五中学·一模）
C
Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it
than others. But a new study from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans
possess. Even fish can do it.
Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows,
horses, and birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of
Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex (大脑新皮层), the part of the brain
that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no
reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish,
a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey (猎物) out of the sky. They used this adaptation to
have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to
pick out their learned face, even when colours were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes
unclear.
This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big-
brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The
development of the necortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations.
But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behaviour. The subject of this
study was very small — only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only
white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have
shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.
28.Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects?
A．They spray water to hit the prey.
B．They are cleverer than other species.
C．They have sharp vision and hearing.
D．They aren’t closely related to humans.
29.What is the author’s attitude toward the study?
A．Cautious.
B．Negative.
C．Positive.
D．Ambiguous.
30.Which of the following might be suggested for further studies in the future?
A．Enlarging the human faces.
B．Using black-and-white pictures.
C．Employing more male researchers.
D．Including more experimental subjects.
31.What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To reveal the differences between species.
B．To show the way animals tell human faces apart.
C．To present a new discovery on a specific animal ability.
D．To introduce the animals that can recognize human faces.
【答案】28.D 29.A 30.D 31.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鱼能识别人脸的新发现。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段中“the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland
decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex ( 大脑新皮层), the part of the brain that
processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans.(牛津大学和昆士兰大学的研究人
员决定选择一种没有进化出大脑新皮层的动物，大脑新皮层是大脑中处理视觉和声音的部分，而且与人类
没有密切的关系)”可知，选择射水鱼作为实验对象是因为它们与人类关系不密切。故选D。
29.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between
faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing
faces is learned over time.(这项研究为面部识别不仅仅是大脑生物天生具备的技能这一假设提供了更多支
持。很有可能很大一部分面部识别是随着时间的推移而习得的)”以及“But more work needs to be conducted
to find a deeper link to this possible learned behaviour.(但是还需要做更多的工作来找到与这种可能的学习行为
更深层次的联系)”可知，作者对这个研究持谨慎的态度。故选A。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ The subject of this study was very small — only eight fish were used
altogether.(这项研究的样本非常小——总共只使用了八条鱼)”可推知，对于未来的进一步研究，文章建议包
括更多的实验对象。故选D。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a new study from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a
skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.(但《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究指出，这不仅仅是人类所拥
有的技能。甚至鱼也能做到)”结合文章主要介绍了研究发现鱼能识别人脸，可知这篇文章的目的是介绍关
于动物特殊能力的新发现。故选C。
（十）
（2025·云南玉溪·一模）
C
Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating the
brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s
some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this
research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The
researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided students with one of the
three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by
having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the
students their comfort food.
They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza
or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two
separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another
food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve
students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even
when they didn’t eat anything — most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the
time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge (纵情) in a comfort food
from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
28. Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on?
A. The means by which it affects moods. B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. The extent to which it lifts moods. D. Its impact on physical health.
29. How were the studies carried out?
A. By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. B. By observing students’ different reactions to foods.
C. By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. D. By collecting data about people from all walks of
life.
30. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a suggestion.
31. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food B. Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders
C. The Science Behind Comfort Food D. Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy
【答案】28.C 29.A 30.D 31.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Traci Mann 教授和她的同事们关于安慰食物对改善情绪的影响的一
系列研究，并给出了建议：可以对安慰食物偶尔放纵一下，但不应该依赖它来解决情绪问题。
【28 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of
study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods.”（心理
学教授特蕾西·曼恩(Traci Mann)及其同事对大学生进行了一系列研究。研究人员调查了有多少安慰食物能
真正改善情绪。）可知，Traci Mann 的研究集中在安慰食物提升情绪的程度方面。故选C。
【29 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly
comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better.”（他们必须评估他
们在吃了冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之后的感觉。）可推知，研究是通过比较
学生在不同场合的感受开展的。故选A。
【30 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中作者提到的“While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the
time being, it does little to address emotional problems.”（虽然安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对
解决情绪问题几乎没有作用）推知，作者认为不能过度依赖安慰食物来解决情绪问题。故选D。
【31 题详解】
主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍Traci Mann 教授和始的同事们关于安慰食物对改善情绪的影响的一系列研究。
研究发现，虽然安慰食物可以略微提升情绪，但它并不比人们喜欢的其他食物更有效。另一项研究表明。
即使不吃任何食物，情绪也会随着时间的推移而改善。由此可知，这篇文章主要告诉读者：安慰食物不一
定就能带来安慰。故文章最适合的标题是“安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹”。故选B。
（十一）
（2025·云南丽江·一模）
D
New research suggests that one night of sleep with just a small amount of light may have negative effects on
health.
The small, 20-person study conducted by Dr. Phyllis Zee, director of the Center for Circadian (生理节奏的)
and Sleep Medicine, was designed to measure the physiological effects of 100 lux ( 照度) of artificial light on
healthy adults while they were sleeping. For the study, all the participants spent their first night sleeping in a mostly
dark room. The next night, half of them slept in a better lit room. Meanwhile, the researchers ran tests on the
sleepers: brainwaves, heart rates and blood. In the morning, they’d give both groups a large amount of sugar to see
how well their systems responded to it.
The group exposed to the light had raised heart rates throughout the night, and also had trouble getting their
blood sugar into a normal range.
These changes suggest the small amount of light was enough to shift the nervous system to a more excited
and alert state. “It’s almost like the brain and the heart knew that the lights were on, although the individual was
sleeping,” says Zee.
While the findings of this study alone can’t predict what would happen in the long term, Dr. Colwell
suspects the harmful effects would be cumulative: “This was only one night, so imagine if you’ re living that way
constantly?”
“That’s going to increase the risk of long-term diseases,” says Dr. Charles Czeisler whose research has
looked at the consequences of circadian rhythm sleep disorder for longer than just one night. He concluded that the
unpleasant effects were primarily because of the “internal clock” being disturbed — not necessarily because of the
lack of sleep.
This is not to say that the lack of sleep doesn’t also have negative effects on health — it does — but he says
it simply stresses the lasting consequences of being exposed to light at nighttime.
“People think that as long as they fall asleep and are unconscious, it’s not having physiological effects, but
that’s simply not true,” Czeisler says.
32.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How the study is carried out.
B．What type of light affects sleep.
C．Who is in charge of the research.
D．Why light and sleep are connected.
33.What do we know about the new research?
A．Light plays a critical role in regulating circadian rhythm.
B．A small amount of light at night is linked with sleep depth.
C．Leaving the bedroom lights on leads to mental disorder.
D．Sleeping with a little bit of light isn’t good for your health.
34.What does the underlined word “cumulative” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Common.
B．Slight.
C．Increasing.
D．Accidental.
35.Which of the following might Czeisler agree with?
A．The more you sleep, the healthier you will be.
B．Physiological effects disappear with a sound sleep.
C．Sleep quality lies in how you feel about the sleep.
D．It is the circadian rhythm sleep disorder that matters.
【答案】32.A 33.D 34.C 35.D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，晚上伴着少量的光睡觉可能会对健康产生负面影响。
32.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“The small, 20-person study conducted by Dr. Phyllis Zee, director of the
Center for Circadian (生理节奏的) and Sleep Medicine, was designed to measure the physiological effects of 100
lux (照度) of artificial light on healthy adults while they were sleeping.(这项由昼夜节律和睡眠医学中心主任菲
利斯·泽伊博士进行的20 人小型研究旨在测量100 勒克斯的人造光对健康成年人睡眠时的生理影响。)”和最
后三句“ The next night, half of them slept in a better lit room. Meanwhile, the researchers ran tests on the
sleepers: brainwaves, heart rates and blood. In the morning, they’d give both groups a large amount of sugar to see
how well their systems responded to it.(第二天晚上，他们中的一半睡在光线更好的房间里。与此同时，研究
人员对睡眠者进行了测试：脑波、心率和血液。早上，他们会给两组人大量糖，看看他们的系统对糖的反
应如何。)”可知，第二段主要是讲研究是怎么进行的。故选A。
33.细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that one night of sleep with just a small amount of light
may have negative effects on health.(新的研究表明，晚上伴着少量的光睡觉可能会对健康产生负面影响。)”
可知，新的研究表明晚上伴着少量的光睡觉对健康没有好处。故选D。
34.词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“This was only one night, so imagine if you’ re living that way constantly?(这
只是一个晚上，所以想象一下如果你一直这样生活？)”可知，此处是指Colwell 博士怀疑有害影响会累积，
所以cumulative 意为“积累的，渐增的”。故选C。
35. 推理判断题。根据第六段第一句中的“ says Dr. Charles Czeisler whose research has looked at the
consequences of circadian rhythm sleep disorder for longer than just one night(查尔斯·齐斯勒博士说，他的研究
已经对昼夜节律睡眠障碍的后果进行了研究，研究时间超过了一个晚上)”和最后一段中的“People think
that as long as they fall asleep and are unconscious, it’s not having physiological effects, but that’s simply not
true(人们认为，只要他们睡着了，而且没有意识，就不会产生生理影响，但这根本不是真的)”可知，齐斯
勒同意“重要的是昼夜节律睡眠障碍”的观点。故选D。
（十二）
（2025·云南曲靖·一模）
Based on the manuscripts (手稿) found in Dunhuang, China, Xin Wen’s The Kings Road: Diplomacy and the
Remaking of the Silk Road is an account of the diplomatic missions that took place in eastern Eurasia between 800
CE and 1100 CE.
Rather than focusing on the political aspect of diplomatic relations, Xin Wen concentrates on the practical
aspects of relations in what he calls a “bottom-up view” of diplomacy. The book is an excellent balance of detailed
analysis of primary sources while also showing the significance of those documents in a broad historical context.
This book shows Dunhuang’s strategic importance since it lay at the heart of the conflicts and trade routes among
various states in eastern Eurasia.
This book is divided into three parts, and each part has its own guiding question. In Part One, the author
asks: who became diplomatic travelers? The book then spends its first three chapters on this question. Chapter One
introduces the Dunhuang manuscript collection. Chapter Two gives an account of the extremely diverse people who
made up diplomatic missions. Chapter Three focuses on the commodities that the diplomats carried with them, such
as food, clothes, texts, animals, and luxury items. Part Two poses the question: how did they travel? This question
is answered in the next four chapters. Chapter Four looks at the physical conditions of the road, and Chapter Five
deals with the social customs of travelers. Chapter Six explains the important role of gift-giving in diplomatic
exchanges, and Chapter Seven studies the use of language. In Part Three, the author explores the inquiry regarding
the types of international connections that the travelers created. The next three chapters of the book, which explore
this question, respectively (分别地) look at the economic, political, and cultural consequences of the network of
diplomatic travelers.
The book’s overall argument is that, despite the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road continued to
function as a mechanism for the exchange of people, goods, and ideas in eastern Eurasia. This book is a remarkably
in-depth analysis of an important topic that has previously received little attention. As one might expect from such
an academic book, it is written in a very formal and scholarly tone with few maps and illustrations. It would
probably be a difficult book for a reader without some degree of familiarity with the topic. To the field of Asian
Studies, this book is a highly valuable and insightful new contribution.
32.Where is the text most probably taken from?
A．An introduction to a book.
B．A review of ancient manuscripts.
C．A guidebook to diplomatic relations.
D．An essay on the history of the Silk Road.
33.What does Xin Wen center on in The King’s Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road?
A．The discovery of manuscripts.
B．The political aspect of diplomacy.
C．The practical aspect of diplomatic relations. D．The conflicts of different states in Eurasia.
34.What is presented in Chapter Ten?
A．Types of commodities that travelers carry.
B．Economic consequences of the network of travelers.
C．Political influences of the diplomatic travelers.
D．Cultural connections that travelers created.
35.What is a feature of The King’s Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road?
A．It offers a great analysis of an ignored topic. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It includes sufficient maps and illustrations. D．It is intended for someone unfamiliar with the topic.
【答案】32.A 33.C 34.D 35.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简单介绍了中国学者辛文所著的《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》
一书。
32.推理判断题。根据文章首段“Xin Wen’s The Kings Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road is
an account of the diplomatic missions that took place in eastern Eurasia between 800 CE and 1100 CE.(文欣的
《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》一书记述了公元800 年至1100 年间东欧亚地区的外交使节活动)”以
及后文对书籍内容的详细描述，文章主要介绍了文欣所著的《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》一书的
内容、结构和主要论点，可以推断出这篇文章很可能是一篇书籍介绍。故选A。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Rather than focusing on the political aspect of diplomatic relations, Xin Wen
concentrates on the practical aspects of relations in what he calls a ‘bottom-up view’ of diplomacy.(文欣没有专注
于外交关系的政治方面，而是专注于他所称的“自下而上的外交观”中的关系的实用方面)”可知，文欣在
该书中主要关注的是外交关系的实用方面。因此，选项C“The practical aspect of diplomatic relations.(外交关
系的实用方面)”符合题意。故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ In Part Three, the author explores the inquiry regarding the types of
international connections that the travelers created. The next three chapters of the book, which explore this
question, respectively ( 分别地) look at the economic, political, and cultural consequences of the network of
diplomatic travelers. (在第三部分，作者探讨了旅行者所创造的国际联系类型的问题。书中接下来探讨这个
问题的三个章节，分别审视了外交旅行者网络的经济、政治和文化影响)”以及后文提到的“Chapter Ten”属
于第三部分的内容，可以推断出第十章介绍的是旅行者所创造的文化联系。故选D。
35.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This book is a remarkably in-depth analysis of an important topic that has
previously received little attention.(这本书对一个以前很少受到关注的重要话题进行了非常深入的分析)”可
知，《国王之路：外交与丝绸之路的重塑》一书的特点是对一个以前很少受到关注的重要话题进行了深入
的分析。因此，选项A“It offers a great analysis of an ignored topic.(它对一个被忽视的话题进行了很好的分
析)”符合题意。故选A。
（十三）
（2025·云南保山市·一模）
D
With hunters wiping out most fruit-eating birds in the forest of Lambir Hills National Park on western Borne
o by the 1990s, the sky grew duller, and in a few years, so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the
diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, highlighting the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem
health. Just as Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich, calls it “the glue that keeps ecological
communities together”.
Recently, a study in Science reveals that at least one-third of European plant species are endangered. This
includes not just birds but also mammals, reptiles, and ants. Pedro Jordano, another ecologist, illustrated the study
“brilliant and captivating” but also “alarming”, warning that the loss of seed dispersers could prevent plants
expanding their ranges to adapt to climate change or recover from wildfires, especially in Europe’s highly
disjointed landscape. Ruben Heleno, a community ecologist, said, “We should not be afraid of using the word
crisis,” given the situation that plant species are facing.
Sara Mendes, a Ph. D．student at the University of Coimbra, searched through thousands of studies in 26
languages, focusing on terms like seed dispersal and the more than 900 European animals likely to consume seeds.
“The project requires a certain amount of craziness to be accomplished,” she said, adding that in all major
biogeographical areas in Europe, more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are either threatened or
decreasing.
Furthermore, the study discloses that over 60% of plants have five or fewer seed dispersers, making them
particularly susceptible to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical species. Nearly 80 “very high
concern” interactions where both the plant and its disperser are threatened or declining, such as the European fan
palm relying on the endangered rabbit, have been identified.
Despite the extensive data, significant gaps remain. International Union for Conservation of Nature
assessments are incomplete for 67% of the plant species, and the roles of various dispersers, especially for rare
plants, are still unclear. Ecologists warn that similar crises may be unfolding on other continents,
continents,including North America.
32.What’s the primary cause of the decline in fruit-producing plant diversity in Lambir Hills National Park?
A．The disjointedness of the European landscape.
B．The absence of birds to spread plant seeds.
C．The impact of climate change on plant species.
D．The removal of fruit-eating animals by hunters.
33.What is Ruben Heleno’s attitude towards the situation described in the passage?
A．Concerned.
B．Optimistic.
C．Neutral.
D．Indifferent.
34.What does the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Stable.
B．Sensitive.
C．Adaptable.
D．Resistant.
35.How is the information organized in the article?
A．Time order.
B．Problem-solution format.
C．Cause and effect structure.
D．Comparison among different species.
【答案】32.B 33.A 34.B 35.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了种子传播在维持生态系统健康中的关键作用，以及人类狩猎行为
对种子传播者的影响。全文通过具体案例和科学研究，强调了种子传播者对植物多样性和生态系统稳定性
的重要性，并指出种子传播者和植物之间相互依赖的关系，旨在唤起人们对种子传播者减少及其对生态系
统影响的关注，并强调保护这些关键物种的紧迫性。
32. 细节理解题。根据第一段“ Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants
declined, highlighting the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem health. (没有鸟类传播种子，果树的
多样性就会下降，这凸显了种子传播对生态系统健康的重要性)”可知，兰比尔山国家公园水果生产植物多
样性下降的主要原因是没有鸟类传播植物种子。故选B。
33.推理判断题。根据第二段“Pedro Jordano, another ecologist, illustrated the study “brilliant and captivating”
but also “alarming”, warning that the loss of seed dispersers could prevent plants expanding their ranges to adapt to
climate change or recover from wildfires, especially in Europe’s highly disjointed landscape. Ruben Heleno, a
community ecologist, said, “We should not be afraid of using the word crisis,” given the situation that plant species
are facing.(另一位生态学家Pedro Jordano 表示，这项研究“精彩而迷人”，但也“令人担忧”，他警告
说，种子传播者的消失可能会阻止植物扩大范围以适应气候变化或从野火中恢复过来，尤其是在欧洲高度
脱节的景观中。社区生态学家鲁本·赫里诺说，考虑到植物物种所面临的情况，“我们不应该害怕使用危机
这个词”)”可知，他对种子传播者减少及其对植物适应气候变化和从野火中恢复过来的能力的影响，他认
为要使用“危机”一词，Ruben Heleno 对目前的植物状况感到担忧和关切。。故选A。
34.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“over 60% of plants have five or fewer seed dispersers(超过60%的植物只有
5 个或更少的种子传播者)”以及后文“the decline or disappearance of any of these critical species(这些关键物
种的衰退或消失)”可知，超过60%的植物只有5 个或更少的种子传播者，所以这些植物对这些关键物种的
减少或消失十分敏感。故划线词意思是“敏感”。故选B。
35.推理判断题。文章从描述猎人消除种子传播者——鸟类开始，然后详细说明了这种消除对森林生物多样
性的影响，到进一步讨论了种子传播减少的后果，包括对植物物种适应气候变化和野火能力的影响。因
此，信息的组织方式是展示一系列因果关系，符合因果结构。故选C。
（十四）
（2025·云南文山壮族苗族自治州广南县第十中学校·一模）
D
“April snow” is not real snow but catkins (飞絮) from willows and pop lar trees that bloom in spring. But for
allergy sufferers (过敏患者), it signals the start of a tough season.
Catkins can trigger allergies, causing a stuffy nose ( 鼻塞), swollen eyes, itchy skin, and sometimes even
asthma ( 哮喘). In spring, the female trees grow inflorescences ( 花序), a bunch of flowers on a branch, to
reproduce. When these inflorescences finish growing, they burst, producing cotton-like seeds. These seeds are
spread by the wind, posing a problem for people with allergies.
Luckily, scientists have found various ways to control these annoying catkins. Performing “gender change
surgery” on pop lar and willow trees is one of them. It involves cutting off the branches of female trees and
replacing them with male branches, which reduces the number of catkins.
Successful “surgery” is most likely in trees under 10 years old as that is when they grow the fastest. After the
“gender change surgery”, these trees need to be specially looked after for about three years until they fully recover.
The process is also expensive and not very efficient, with a skilled worker being able to do fewer than ten trees in a
day. From 2008 to 2018, only around 1000 poplar and willow trees underwent the process in Beijing, reported
Outlook Weekly in 2022.
Some local departments chose to inject inhibitors (抑制剂) into the trees to control catkins. “The injection
redirects the nutrients (营养物) of pop lar and willow trees used for reproduction to growth. It’s not harmful and
makes the trees leafier, Xu Qinming from a management center of the Wuxi Municipal Bureau of Administration
and Landscape told Science and Technology Daily. But the effects don’t last forever-the trees need to be injected
every year to cut down the number of catkins.
Other than injections, there’s also “medicine”. Before the catkins form, medication can be sprayed ( 喷洒)
straight onto the trees. This method can efficiently manage catkin numbers in the short term. Still, how much
medicine and when to spray it need to be carefully considered to prevent any negative environmental impacts.
32.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．The development process of catkins.
B．The characteristics of catkins.
C．The environmental impact of catkins.
D．The influence of catkins on allergy sufferers.
33.How is “gender change surgery” performed on trees?
A．By changing the genetic makeup of trees.
B．By shaping the trees in a specific way.
C．By injecting medicine into tree branches.
D．By attaching male branches to female trees.
34.What is a disadvantage of using inhibitors to control catkins?
A．The need for yearly injections.
B．Their negative effects on trees.
C．Their high cost and low efficiency.
D．Their limited impact on older trees.
35.What must be considered when spraying trees with medication?
A．Tree recovery time.
B．Speed of application.
C．Environmental impact.
D．Short-term effectiveness.
【答案】32.D 33.D 34.A 35.C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了为了应对柳絮引发的过敏可以采取的措施。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But for allergy sufferers, it signals the start of a tough season. (但对于过敏
患者来说，这标志着一个艰难季节的开始)”及第二段“Catkins can trigger allergies, causing a stuffy nose,
swollen eyes, itchy skin, and sometimes even asthma. (柳絮会引发过敏，导致鼻塞、眼睛肿胀、皮肤瘙痒，有
时甚至导致哮喘)”可知，文章一、二段主要关于柳絮对过敏患者的影响。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It involves cutting off the branches of female trees and replacing them with
male branches, which reduces the number of catkins. (它包括砍掉雌树的枝条，用雄树的枝条代替，这样可以
减少柳絮的数量)”可知，树木的“变性手术”是通过将雄枝附着在雌枝上完成的。故选D。
34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But the effects don’t last forever-the trees need to be injected every year
to cut down the number of catkins. (但这种影响不会永远持续——树木需要每年注射来减少柳絮的数量)”可
知，使用抑制剂来控制柳絮需要每年注射。故选A。
35.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ Still, how much medicine and when to spray it need to be carefully
considered to prevent any negative environmental impacts. (尽管如此，需要仔细考虑药物的用量和何时喷洒，
以防止对环境产生负面影响)”可知，给树木喷洒药物时应考虑到环境影响。故选C。
（十五）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市腾冲市第八中学·一模）
D
From immersive videos that spotlight lesser-known destinations to packing and transport advice, offering a
wide range of authentic and diverse content, the social platform TikTok has become a vital source of knowledge
and inspiration when it comes to exploring the world.
TikTok was launched in 2016 and has since grown an audience exceeding one billion monthly active users.
Its snappy format — short, shareable videos — and addictive algorithm ( 算法) has proved particularly popular
among younger people, with 70% of its users aged under 34. More than 60% of Gen Z Americans have used
TikTok as a search engine. The app has seen a 410% increase in travel content views since 2021. More than 70% of
TikTok’s European audience say they’re likely to book a holiday based on recommendations from the platform.
TikTok attracts an array of content creators, whose insights can be invaluable for travelers. Entering a search
term such as “top things to do in Paris” will bring up endless videos, and the algorithm will adapt to these interests
next time you scroll.
But they also have the potential to cause harm, at times guiding thousands of visitors to places that don’t
have adequate facilities to cope. Many destinations have fallen victim to their own success. Some businesses have
been fighting back, including Dae, a cafe in New York,which introduced a no-video policy last year, stating: “The
TikToks... have gotten a bit out of control for us.” There’s also the issue of the promotion of unethical tourism.
When Dr.Natara Loose, an American vet, visited Mauritius this year, she says she was “shocked by the number of
boats selling tours to swim with dolphins, a practice that’s illegal in Mauriti us but that’s splashed all over TikTok.”
For better or worse, it’s clear the platform’s influence on travel is enormous, particularly among younger
generations and it isn’t going anywhere any time soon.
32.TikTok is important in world exploration because _________.
A．it features the latest information
B．it provides much relevant content
C．it immerses viewers in long videos
D．it keeps people from lesser-known sites
33.How is Paragraph 2 developed?
A．By comparing facts.
B．By listing figures.
C．By giving descriptions.
D．By analyzing causes.
34.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The potential ban on TikTok.
B．The negative influence of TikTok.
C．The illegal practice of local tourism.
D．The common complaint from travelers.
35.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．Senior citizens will rely on TikTok.
B．Other social media will replace TikTok.
C．TikTok will be less influential over time.
D．The impact of TikTok on travel will remain.
【答案】32.B 33.B 34.B 35.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了TikTok 作为社交平台，在旅游探索方面成为知识和灵感的重
要来源。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“From immersive videos that spotlight lesser-known destinations to packing
and transport advice, offering a wide range of authentic and diverse content, the social platform TikTok has become
a vital source of knowledge and inspiration when it comes to exploring the world. (从聚焦鲜为人知的旅游目的地
的沉浸式视频，到打包和交通建议，TikTok 这一社交平台提供了广泛而多样的真实内容，已成为探索世界
时获取知识和灵感的重要来源。)”可知，TikTok 之所以在世界探索中很重要，是因为它为观众提供了大量
相关的内容，故选B。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TikTok was launched in 2016 and has since grown an audience exceeding
one billion monthly active users. Its snappy format — short, shareable videos — and addictive algorithm (算法)
has proved particularly popular among younger people, with 70% of its users aged under 34. More than 60% of
Gen Z Americans have used TikTok as a search engine. The app has seen a 410% increase in travel content views
since 2021. More than 70% of TikTok’s European audience say they’re likely to book a holiday based on
recommendations from the platform. (TikTok 于2016 年推出，自此以来，其月活跃用户已超过10 亿。其简洁
明快的格式——即短小的、可分享的视频——以及令人上瘾的算法在年轻人中尤其受欢迎，70%的用户年
龄在34 岁以下。超过60%的美国Z 世代人群已将TikTok 用作搜索引擎。自2021 年以来，该应用的旅游内
容观看量增长了410%。超过70%的TikTok 欧洲用户表示，他们可能会根据该平台的推荐来预订假期。)”
可知，第二段通过列出一系列数据来展示TikTok 的影响力，第2 段是通过列出数字展开的。故选B。
34.主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“But they also have the potential to cause harm, at times guiding thousands of
visitors to places that don’t have adequate facilities to cope. Many destinations have fallen victim to their own
success. Some businesses have been fighting back, including Dae, a cafe in New York,which introduced a no-video
policy last year, stating: “The TikToks... have gotten a bit out of control for us.” There’s also the issue of the
promotion of unethical tourism. When Dr.Natara Loose, an American vet, visited Mauritius this year, she says she
was “shocked by the number of boats selling tours to swim with dolphins, a practice that’s illegal in Mauriti us but
that’s splashed all over TikTok.” (但他们也有可能造成危害，有时会引导成千上万的游客前往设施不足以应
对的地方。许多旅游目的地都因自己的成功而受害。一些企业已经开始反击，包括纽约的一家咖啡馆
Dae，去年它推出了禁止拍摄视频的政策，声称：“TikTok 的视频……对我们来说已经有点失控了。”还
有不道德的旅游宣传问题。当美国兽医Natara Loose 今年访问毛里求斯时，她说她对“大量船只出售与海
豚共游的项目感到震惊，这在毛里求斯是非法的，但在TikTok 上却随处可见。”)”可知，第四段主要讲述
了TikTok 可能带来的负面影响，故选B。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ For better or worse, it’s clear the platform’s influence on travel is
enormous, particularly among younger generations and it isn’t going anywhere any time soon. (无论好坏，该平台
对旅游的影响显然是巨大的，尤其是在年轻一代中，而且它将在很长一段时间内继续存在。)”可知，作者
暗示TikTok 对旅行的影响将持续存在，故选D。
(十六）
（2025·云南昆明市·一模）
D
Encouraging bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages equally well, at home can have many benefits
on mental processes of understanding, which may be particularly helpful to kids with autism ( 自闭症), a new
research indicates.
The new research explored the role of bilingualism in 112 children, including children with typical
development and children with autism, between the ages of 7 to 12 years old. Overall, they found that children who
spoke two or more languages often had stronger executive (执行) functioning skills. This means they are able to
control the sudden desire and to switch between different tasks more easily than children who only speak one
language.
Published in the journal Autism Research, the results are significant because executive functioning skills are
a key challenge for children with autism, but are important for all kids to develop in school and later in the
workplace. While executive function skills develop and improve across the whole life, individuals with autism
often struggle with executive functioning, affecting their ability to manage daily tasks and adapt to new situations.
An idea called joint activation from the field of neuroscience (神经科学) can help explain the results. Prior
research suggests that the bilingual brain has two languages constantly active and competing. As a result, the daily
experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal
with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or
the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina
Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.
“This will surely bring a sense of relief to many of our families living with loved ones with autism. But
maybe it takes time to translate that to families,” says Lynn Perry, an associate professor at the University of
Miami. Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact
on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental development.
32.What can be learned about executive functioning skills?
A．They help develop children's bilingualism.
B．They contribute to children's sudden desire.
C．They are hard to obtain for kids with autism. D．They are formed between the ages of 7 to 12.
33.How does the idea “joint activation” work?
A．By activating the prior memory.
B．By switching to other learning tasks.
C．By preventing language competitions.
D．By enhancing restriction on one language.
34.What might the follow-up study focus on?
A．Bilingualism's application in other fields.
B．Parents' rising awareness of bilingualism.
C．Ways to cure preschool children with autism.D．Bilingualism's effect on kids' social interaction.
35.What is the text mainly about?
A．The benefits of being bilingual.
B．The causes and effects of autism.
C．The strategies to master two languages.
D．The role bilingualism plays in fighting autism.
【答案】32.C 33.D 34.D 35.D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，在家中鼓励掌握双语（即同样流利地说两种语
言的能力）对理解的心理过程有许多好处，这可能对患有自闭症的孩子特别有帮助。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Published in the journal Autism Research, the results are significant because
executive functioning skills are a key challenge for children with autism, but are important for all kids to develop in
school and later in the workplace. (发表在《自闭症研究》杂志上的这项研究结果意义重大，因为执行功能技
能对自闭症儿童来说是一个关键挑战，但对所有孩子在学校以及日后在工作场所的发展都很重要。)”可
知，执行功能技能对于自闭症儿童来说是难以获得的，因为这对他们来说是一个关键挑战。故选C 项。
33.细节理解题。根据原文第四段“As a result, the daily experience of shifting between these languages is
associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal with two languages, you have to control one
intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or the ability to stop you from doing
something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina Uddin, now a professor at the
University of California, Los Angeles. (因此，在这两种语言之间切换的日常体验与增强的执行控制能力相
关。“如果你必须处理两种语言，你必须有意地控制一种语言以便使用另一种语言。这就是这个概念，即
限制或阻止你做某事的能力，可能会因为懂两种语言而得到加强，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授露西娜・
乌丁说。)”可知，“联合激活”的概念是通过增强对一种语言的限制来起作用的，当你要使用一种语言
时，得有意控制另一种语言。故选D 项。
34.细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if
bilingualism also has an impact on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental
development. (佩里打算对学龄前儿童进行进一步研究，看看双语能力是否也会对孩子的人际交往技能产生
影响，这对孩子的社交和心理发展至关重要。)”可知，后续的研究可能会集中在双语对孩子社交互动的影
响上，因为研究人员想看看双语对孩子的人际交往技能是否有影响。故选D 项。
35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Encouraging bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages equally well, at
home can have many benefits on mental processes of understanding, which may be particularly helpful to kids with
autism (自闭症), a new research indicates. (一项新的研究表明，在家中鼓励掌握双语（即同样流利地说两种
语言的能力）对理解的心理过程有许多好处，这可能对患有自闭症的孩子特别有帮助。)”、第四段“As a
result, the daily experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If
you have to deal with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea,
that restriction or the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,”
says Lucina Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. (因此，在这两种语言之间切换
的日常体验与增强的执行控制能力相关。“如果你必须处理两种语言，你必须有意地控制一种语言以便使
用另一种语言。这就是这个概念，即限制或阻止你做某事的能力，可能会因为懂两种语言而得到加强，”
加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授露西娜
乌丁说。
・
)”以及最后一段““This will surely bring a sense of relief to
many of our families living with loved ones with autism. But maybe it takes time to translate that to families,” says
Lynn Perry, an associate professor at the University of Miami. Perry intends to conduct further research with
preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for
children's social and mental development. (“这肯定会让我们许多有自闭症患者的家庭感到如释重负。但也许
需要时间让家庭理解这一点，”迈阿密大学的副教授林恩·佩里说。佩里打算对学龄前儿童进行进一步研
究，以观察双语能力是否也对孩子的人际交往技能产生影响，这对孩子的社交和心理发展至关重要。)”可
知，文章认为双语在对抗自闭症方面有作用，后文围绕双语对自闭症儿童执行功能技能的影响以及相关原
理等展开论述。由此可知这篇文章的主要讲的是双语在对抗自闭症中所起的作用，故选D 项。
（十七）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市第五中学·一模）
D
Researchers recently presented new findings from a study of a spine-stimulating implant(脊柱刺激植入物),
a medical device placed inside the body. Three patients suffering from spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), a muscle-
destroying disease, experienced a remarkable change. After using the implant, they got a bit stronger, which
enabled them to stand and walk with more ease.
Led by Marco Capogrosso, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh, the research brought
surprising results. “These patients didn’t expect any improvement at all,” Capogrosso said. However, during the
one-month study, they steadily got better. The implant, which was initially tested for treating paralysis( 瘫痪),
showed potential in treating SMA．It is a genetic disease that makes muscles shrink, especially in the legs, hips,
and shoulders. There is no cure. A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the
disease, and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients.
Stimulating the spinal cord( 脊髓)with low-level electricity has long been used to treat long-lasting pain.
Capogrosso’s team also applied this method to help spinal cord-injured patients move their arms. The device sends
electrical signals to nerves that don’t respond, which makes the muscles work. In this study, electrodes(电极)were
put on the lower spinal cord of three adult SMA patients. The results were encouraging. Although normal
movement wasn’t fully restored, all patients experienced enhanced muscle strength and function after a few hours
of spinal stimulation per week. By the end of the study, all three could walk farther in six minutes.
Fifty-seven-year-old Doug McCullough, one of the participants, was thrilled. “For a disease like this that
gets worse, improvement is unheard of. So, any positive change is truly amazing,” he said. Neuroscientist Susan
Harkema, who has done similar research on spinal cord injury stimulation, noted that while this study was small
and short-term, it was still significant. She suggested further testing on other muscle-wasting diseases. Capogrosso
has already started some small but longer-term studies.
32.What did the study find about the spine-stimulating implant?
A．It improved muscle strength.
B．It reduced long-term pain.
C．It cured spinal muscle atrophy.
D．It replaced gene treatment.
33.How did the researchers conduct the experiment?
A．They assisted patients in moving their arms.
B．They stimulated muscles in the legs and hips.
C．They examined the areas causing severe pain.
D．They placed electrodes on the lower spinal cord.
34.What did Susan Harkema suggest for future research?
A．Applying the implant to more SMA patients.
B．Providing people with access to the implant.
C．Testing the implant’s potential for related conditions.
D．Extending treatment time to achieve full recovery.
35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To give advice on treating paralysis.
B．To introduce a spinal implant study.
C．To compare various SMA treatments.
D．To clarify the causing factors of SMA．
【答案】32.A 33.D 34.C 35.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员对脊柱刺激植入物的研究情况，包括其在治疗脊髓性肌
萎缩症（SMA）患者中的应用、实验方法、取得的成果以及相关人员对未来研究的建议等。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“After using the implant, they got a bit stronger, which enabled them to stand and
walk with more ease.(使用植入物后，他们变得更强壮了一些，这使他们能够更轻松地站立和行走)” 以及第
三段 “Although normal movement wasn’t fully restored, all patients experienced enhanced muscle strength and
function after a few hours of spinal stimulation per week.(尽管正常运动没有完全恢复，但在每周进行几小时的
脊柱刺激后，所有患者的肌肉力量和功能都有所增强)” 可推知，脊柱刺激植入物能增强肌肉力量。故选
A。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段“In this study, electrodes (电极) were put on the lower spinal cord of three adult
SMA patients.(在这项研究中，电极被放置在三名成年 SMA 患者的下脊髓上)” 可知，研究人员是通过将
电极放置在患者的下脊髓上来进行实验的。故选 D。
34.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“She suggested further testing on other muscle-wasting diseases. (她建议对
其他肌肉萎缩疾病进行进一步测试)” 可知，她建议测试该植入物在其他相关病症方面的潜力。故选 C。
35.推理判断题。文章开篇介绍了脊柱刺激植入物的研究以及在 SMA 患者身上的显著变化，接着讲述了研
究的领导者、研究方法、实验结果以及相关人员对研究的看法和对未来研究的建议等，整体围绕脊柱植入
物研究展开。短文的目的是介绍一项脊柱植入物研。故选B。
（十八）
（2025·云南玉溪·一模）
D
Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that
ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at
Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.
A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself.
Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying
robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle,
while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process.
The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the
structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building
material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the
scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should
make, while also correcting any errors.
The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder (圆柱) made of foam and a small cylinder
made of the cement mixture. The tasks were not simple due to the difficulty in ensuring maximum stability. Dr
Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours
— the cylinders were built to be within 5 mm of the width and height
of the planned structures, meeting British building standard.
While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac believes their primary use will
initially be in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or
inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more
long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or
Mars.
32. What is the design of Dr Kovac’s team based on?
A. Bees building hives while flying. B. Bees flying in a flexible way.
C. Bees growing bigger than the hive. D. Bees working together as a team.
33. What is the function of the builders in the building process?
A. Correcting any errors. B. Spraying construction material.
C. Carrying the scanning camera. D. Monitoring the building process.
34. What does “made it with flying colours” underlined in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Lost balance in the sky. B. Passed the test excellently.
C. Stopped the work halfway. D. Made the cylinders colourful.
35. What might the flying robots first be used to do according to Dr Kovac?
A. Manufacture products. B. Construct buildings.
C. Repair damage in risky places. D. Monitor air pollution in the sky.
【答案】32. A
33. B
34.B
35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受到蜜蜂飞行建筑团队的启发，Kovac 博士开发了一种提高3D
打印灵活性的方法，消除了以往3D 打印机因喷嘴喷射范围有限，只能制造比自身小的物体的局限。
【32 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a
complex hive (蜂房) that ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko
Kovac, a roboticist at Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.（蜜蜂
已经进化成熟的飞行建筑师。工蜂组队完成一个最终是它们体积数倍大的复杂蜂房。正是这些昆虫建筑团
队启发了伦敦帝国理工学院的机器人专家Mirko Kovac，他开发了一种提高3D 打印灵活性的方法。）”可
知，Kovac 博士团队的设计立足于蜜蜂在飞行时建造蜂房。故选A 项。
【33 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of
building material as it moves skillfully along its flight path.（首先，建筑师在它的操作区域上空盘旋，当沿着
它的飞行路径巧妙地移动时，它开始释放建筑材料的射流。）”可知，这款3D 打印机中建造师的功能是
喷射建筑材料。故选B 项。
【34 题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第四段中“Dr Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours — the cylinders were built to be
within 5 mm of the width and height of the planned structures, meeting British building standard.（Kovac 博士的
机器人……——这些圆柱体建造得和计划结构的宽度和高度都保持误差在5 毫米以内，符合英国建筑标
准。）”可知，最终的成品是符合标准的，因此机器人应该是成功达到了预期的目标。由此推知，made it
with flying colours 意为“成功做到了”，与B 项Passed the test excellently“出色地通过了测试”意思一致。
故选B 项。
【35 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac
believes their primary use will initially be in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for
fixing things in dangerous or inaccessible places.（虽然这些机器人已被证明具有制造能力，但Kovac 博士认
为，它们最初的主要用途将是修理。飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，这使得它们非常适合在危险或难以
接近的地方修理东西。）”可知，Kovac 博士认为飞行机器人将首先用于在危险的地方修理东西。故选C
项。
