【好题汇编】2024 年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（新高考专用)
专题 03 阅读理解（说明文）
（2024·辽宁·一模）“Few articles change owners more frequently than clothes. They travel downwards
from grade to grade in the social scale with remarkable regularity,” wrote the journalist Adolphe Smith in 1877 as
he traced a coat’s journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item;
eventually recycled into new fabric. But with the improvement in people’s living standards, that model is mind-
boggling in the era of fast fashion. The average British customer buys four items a month. And it is reported that
350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each year.
Yet the gradual revival of the second-hand trade has gathered pace in the past few years. At fashion website
Asos, sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%. Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is
simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people
offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers
(零售商) want a slice of the action.
For some buyers and sellers, the switch to the second-hand is born of financial difficulties. Only a few have
become worried about the impact of their shopping habit on the planet. But the shift is only a partial solution. Some
people worry that some mainstream brands may “greenwash” — using second-hand goods to improve their image,
rather than engaging more seriously with sustainability.
However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still
chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). Boohoo, a powerful fast fashion
company, has seen sales and profits rise, despite concerns about environmental problems in its supply chain that led
to an investigation last year.
A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings that clothes can have: Each old item is
full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on by a father are both valuable for
us. A love of style is not a bad or an unimportant thing. But a committed relationship is better than a quick flash.
Can we learn to appreciate our own old clothes as well as others’?
1．What does the word “mind-boggling” underlined in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Unbelievable. B．Popular. C．Reasonable. D．Influential.
2．With the business mentioned in paragraph 2, the author wants to show _______.
A．old clothes are more popular than new pieces
B．the online second-hand markets are booming
C．the fashion world begins to favor vintage clothes
D．many clothing brands are innovative in their new products
3．How does the second-hand trade impact people according to paragraph 4?
A．It makes people feel free to pursue fast fashion.
B．It makes people more cautious about their budgets.C．It encourages people to choose eco-friendly clothes.
D．It pushes people to be more engaged with sustainability.
4．Which of the following views does Worn Stories advocate?
A．Old items have lost favor with the public.
B．Old items are worthy of being long cherished.
C．Older generations attach great importance to old items.
D．Older generations care about the quality of their clothes.
1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与从前反复使用衣服的模式不同，现在大家往往追逐快时尚，造
成了很大浪费，不过网上二手市场正在蓬勃发展，但只有少部分人是真的认识到了自己的购物习惯对地球
的影响，而且一些主流品牌有可能会借此机会来“洗绿”，很多人有可能会继续购买。文章指出，虽然追
求风格无可厚非，但是学会欣赏旧衣服实际上是很有意义的。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“as he traced a coat’s journey in the last century: cleaned, repaired and
resold repeatedly; cut down into a smaller item; eventually recycled into new fabric (他追溯了一件大衣在上个世
纪的历程：反复清洗、修理和转售；缩为成更小件的；最终被回收制成新的织物)”可知，以前的衣服会被
反复多次使用，再结合表示转折意义的“But”和划线词的下文“The average British customer buys four items
a month. And it is reported that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothes go to landfills in the UK each
year. (英国消费者平均每月购买四件商品。据报道，英国每年有35万吨用过但还能穿的衣服被送往垃圾填
埋场)”可知，现在情况和以前不同，衣服更迭速度很快，很多衣服被浪费了。由此可知，以前衣服循环使
用的模式在现在快时尚的时代是令人难以置信的，划线词意思应该与unbelievable“令人难以置信的”一致。
故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At fashion website Asos, sales of vintage clothes (古董衫) have risen by 92%.
Clothing was once worn out of necessity, and now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell used items on eBay,
teenagers trade on Depop and some fashion people offer designer labels on Vestiaire Collective. Strikingly, it has
become big enough business that mainstream retailers (零售商) want a slice of the action. (在时尚网站Asos，古
着的销量增长了92%。衣服曾经是出于需要而穿，现在它只是一种生活方式。忙碌的家庭在eBay上出售
二手物品，青少年在Depop上交易，一些时尚人士在Vestiaire Collective上出售设计师品牌。引人注目的是，
它已经成为一个足够大的业务，主流零售商也想分一杯羹)”可知，网络二手交易销量增长，不同的人群在
不同的平台交易二手衣服，主流零售商甚至也想参与其中。由此推知，作者是想说明网上二手市场正在蓬
勃发展。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, the biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they
know they can resell goods, still chasing the pleasure of the next purchase but with an eased conscience (愧疚). (然
而，最大的担忧可能是，人们继续购买，因为他们知道他们可以转售商品，仍然在追求下一次购买的乐趣，
但良心上有所放松)”可知，二手交易业务让人们有了处理已购商品的方法，解除了购买不必要衣服的愧疚
感，可以继续购买衣服，即让人们可以自由地追求快时尚。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional meanings thatclothes can have: Each old item is full of memories. Actually, a handbag from a grandmother and a scarf passed on
by a father are both valuable for us. (Netflix的一部新剧《旧衣往事》记录了衣服的情感含义：每一件旧衣服
都充满了回忆。其实，祖母送的手提包和父亲送的围巾对我们来说都很有价值)”可知，这部剧表明旧衣服
具有情感含义，充满回忆，富有价值。由此推知，它主张的是“旧东西值得长期珍藏”。故选B项。
（2024·广东汕头·一模）The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational technology has brought
convenience and efficiency to classrooms worldwide. However, despite these advancements, it is crucial to
recognize the significant challenges it poses to the autonomy and professional judgment of instructors. One of the
primary concerns associated with AI-driven tools in education is the depersonalization of instruction. These tools
often rely on pre-packaged digital content and standardized solutions, leaving little room for instructors to tailor
their teaching methods.
Each student possesses unique characteristics, including distinct learning styles, strengths, and weaknesses.
Instructors, armed with their wealth of experience and expertise, are best positioned to customize their approaches
to meet these individual needs. They know how to adapt to their students’ varying learning styles. However, AI-
driven platforms restrict their ability to do so effectively, resulting in a one-size-fits-all approach that fails to engage
and inspire students to reach their maximum potential.
The implications of this depersonalization are far-reaching. By diminishing(降低) the role of instructors as
facilitators of meaningful educational interactions, we run the risk of preventing the growth of critical thinking and
problem-solving skills among students.
Education should not merely focus on knowledge acquisition (习得), but should also develop the ability to
analyze, evaluate, and apply that knowledge in real-world contexts. It should help one’s mind grow, not simply
possess information. Through dynamic classroom discussions, cooperative projects, and hands-on activities,
instructors play a vital role in cultivating these essential skills. AI-driven platforms, with their standardized
solutions and automated features, are ill-equipped to provide the same level of engagement and intellectual
stimulation as human instructors. While AI-driven platforms undeniably have their advantages, we must not lose
sight of the importance of preserving instructors’ autonomy and the educational experience they provide.
5．Why do AI-driven tools fail to help instructors adjust their teaching methods?
A．Their solutions will be challenged. B．They don’t have professional judgement.
C．Their digital content is set previously. D．They think little of the students’ autonomy.
6．What advantage do instructors have over AI-driven tools?
A．They are more professional. B．They can satisfy individual needs.
C．They have higher efficiency. D．They adopt one-size-fits-all approach.
7．In which aspect does depersonalization in education influence on students?
A．Their response in classroom discussions.
B．Their ability in solving real life problems.
C．Their willingness to cooperate with others.
D．Their adaptability to various learning styles.8．What should education focus on apart from knowledge acquisition?
A．Doing cooperative projects. B．Organizing hands-on activities.
C．Developing thinking ability. D．Evaluating students’ development.
5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能(AI)与教育技术的融合为世界各地的课堂带来了便利和效
率。然而，尽管取得了这些进步，但认识到这对教师的自主性和专业判断构成的重大挑战是至关重要的。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“These tools often rely on pre-packaged digital content and standardized
solutions, leaving little room for instructors to tailor their teaching methods.(这些工具通常依赖于预先打包的数
字内容和标准化解决方案，教师几乎没有空间来定制他们的教学方法。)”可知，人工智能驱动的工具无法
帮助教师调整教学方法，因为其数字内容是之前设置的。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Each student possesses unique characteristics, including distinct learning
styles, strengths, and weaknesses. Instructors, armed with their wealth of experience and expertise, are best
positioned to customize their approaches to meet these individual needs. They know how to adapt to their students’
varying learning styles.(每个学生都有独特的特点，包括不同的学习方式、优点和缺点。教师拥有丰富的经
验和专业知识，最适合定制他们的方法来满足这些个人需求。他们知道如何适应学生不同的学习方式。)”
可知，与人工智能驱动的工具相比，教师的优势在于他们可以满足个人需求。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“By diminishing(降低) the role of instructors as facilitators of meaningful
educational interactions, we run the risk of preventing the growth of critical thinking and problem-solving skills
among students.(通过削弱教师作为有意义的教育互动促进者的作用，我们冒着阻碍学生批判性思维和解决
问题能力发展的风险。)”可知，教育中去人格化对学生的影响主要表现在学生解决现实生活问题的能力上。
故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Education should not merely focus on knowledge acquisition (习得), but
should also develop the ability to analyze, evaluate, and apply that knowledge in real-world contexts.(教育不应该
仅仅关注知识的获取，还应该培养分析、评价和在现实环境中应用这些知识的能力。)”可知，教育除了注
重知识的获取外，还应注重思维能力的培养。故选C。
（2024·山东潍坊·一模）Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You
might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain
extent it is. But companies themselves are prone (有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-
defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to
massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a
transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about
15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a
day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their
spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job
description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of
improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes,
the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are
supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear
idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in
the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower
turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-
authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why. So a
process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest
about themselves.
9．Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To present a rule. B．To clarify a fact.
C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a phenomenon.
10．What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Overstate. B．Overturn. C．Overlook. D．Overestimate.
11．What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph 4?
A．They show a position as it is. B．They are made either in text or video.
C．They are favorable for bigger firms. D．They mainly contain negatives of a job.
12．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Pains and gains of employees. B．How to get the lying out of hiring.
C．How to be more appealing in hiring. D．A wrestle between applicants and companies.
9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实
的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。
9．推理判断题。第二段中“When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to massage (美化) reality
into the most appealing shape possible.(在写简历的时候，他们倾向于把现实情况美化成最吸引人的样子)”提
到求职者写简历时会美化现实，下文“Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational
leader personally responsible for generating millions income(每个经验稍长的人都是变革型领导者，个人负责
创造数百万的收入)”和“But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time
only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.(但平均每位求职者都热衷于公益事业，他们只把
业余时间用于有价值的目的，比如在施粥处做志愿)”都是举例具体说明上述现象，故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“as well as applicants(和申请者一样)”以及“The typical firm will write a
job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a setof improbable requirements for the ‘ideal candidate’, someone who almost by definition does not exist.(典型的公
司会撰写一份工作描述，总是将工作环境描述为快节奏和创新的，并提出一套对‘理想候选人’的不太可
能的要求，几乎按定义来说，这样的人并不存在)”可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch
意为“夸大”，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in
their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and
positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in
text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.(很少有公司会在职位预览中准确地描述一个职位的
实际工作内容，而预览的目的是让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点，以及公司的企业文化。一个有
效的策略是在文字或视频中列出这个职位的典型一天是怎么过的)”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真
实情况，故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Such honesty can be its own reward.(这种诚实本身就是
一种回报)”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预
览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘
中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。
（2024·安徽黄山·一模）When colds and flu hit, many people automatically turn to over-the-counter (OTC)
medicines to push through and treat their symptoms (症状). Although these medicines are easily accessible and
widely used, it might come as a surprise to many people to learn that they are not risk-free. A study estimated that
every year, over 26,000 people went to the emergency room for adverse (有害的) events related to OTC cold and
cough medicines.
When two or more drugs are used together, their interaction can sometimes produce unexpected harmful
effects. Physicians are typically knowledgeable about potential drug interactions, so it is very important for patients
to ask their healthcare providers which OTC medicines are safe for them to use.
It is important to read the package ingredients of OTC medicines closely to avoid duplication of doses (剂量
重复). Cold medicines are typically made up of multiple ingredients, including pain relievers, nasal decongestants
and cough suppressants or expectorants. A person who takes a single-ingredient medicine paired with one of these
multi-ingredient medicines can receive an unsafe dose of that ingredient.
While everyone could potentially experience adverse effects from cold and flu medicines, some groups-
including older adults, children and pregnant women-may be at greater risk.
Older people who are using prescribed (处方的) drugs to treat multiple health conditions may have a higher
risk of drug interactions because of the higher number of medicines being used at the same time to treat different
conditions. The aging body is not expert at absorbing, distributing and clearing medicines as younger bodies are.
This can put older adults at higher risk for an overdose and drug-to-drug interactions with some medicines.
The Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do not recommend
giving cold medicine to children under age 4. Because of a variety of factors, young children have a higher risk of
an accidental overdose and adverse events that could lead to death.
13．Why did the author mention the study in paragraph 1?A．To stress the easy access to OTC medicines.
B．To explain the dangers of using OTC medicines.
C．To emphasize the importance of OTC medicines.
D．To prove the potential risks of using OTC medicines.
14．What advice does the author give to those who take different drugs at the same time?
A．Turn to doctors for advice. B．Buy medicines from physicians.
C．Take only one drug instead. D．Change the ingredients of drugs.
15．What can we infer from the text?
A．Women cannot face aging positively.
B．Children are more easily affected by diseases.
C．Older people’s body cannot deal with medicines easily.
D．People’s desire for health makes them take more medicine.
16．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．OTC medicines may not be safe.
B．Tips for taking over-the-counter drugs.
C．How to deal with an OTC drug overdose?
D．Should medicines be available “over the counter”?
13．D 14．A 15．C 16．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了非处方药 (OTC) 如感冒和流感药物的风险，文章建议人们在使用
OTC药品前要和医生确认是否安全。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Although these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might
come as a surprise to many people to learn that they are not risk-free. A study estimated that every year, over
26,000 people went to the emergency room for adverse (有害的) events related to OTC cold and cough medicines.
(尽管这些药物很容易获得并广泛使用，但许多人可能会惊讶地发现，它们并非没有风险。一项研究估计，
每年有26000多人因非处方感冒药和咳嗽药相关的不良事件前往急诊室)”可知，这项研究是为了证明OTC
药物也是有风险的，D选项（证明使用OTC药品的潜在危险）符合题意，故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Physicians are typically knowledgeable about potential drug interactions, so it is
very important for patients to ask their healthcare providers which OTC medicines are safe for them to use. (医生
通常了解潜在的药物相互作用，因此患者询问他们的医疗保健提供者哪些OTC药物对他们来说是安全的是
非常重要的)”可知，医生拥有医学知识，了解各种风险，所以在服用OTC药物之前，一定要和医生确认是
否安全，故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段“The aging body is not expert at absorbing, distributing and clearing medicines as
younger bodies are. (衰老的身体不像年轻的身体那样擅长于吸收、分配和清除药物)”可知，老人的身体已经
衰老，无法像年轻人那样高效地处理药品了，C选项（老年人的身体不容易处理药物）符合题意，故选C
项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Although these medicines are easily accessible and widely used, it might comeas a surprise to many people to learn that they are not risk-free. (虽然这些药物容易获得并广泛使用，但许多人
可能会惊讶地发现它们并非没有风险)”可知，OTC药物也是有风险的，A选项（OTC药物并非总是安全）
符合题意，故选A项。
（2024·山西·一模）A new research from the University of Michigan stated, “People tend to have one of
three beliefs about the meaning of work and which category you fall into largely depends on your parents.”
Workers who are job-oriented (有工作倾向的) are those just trying to make a living who much prefer the activities
they pursue outside of the office. Career-oriented adults value the social status and fame that comes with
professional achievement. Calling-oriented people do work that they are passionate about because they want to
have a positive impact on the world.
In the first study into how these orientations originate, researchers found that how teenagers perceive their
parents’ work habit is central to the development of their own work attitudes. It’s not a straightforward transfer of
values. People who perceive their father to have a strong career-orientation are more likely to be career-oriented
themselves-but career-determined mothers have no effect on their kids’ work orientation. The researchers owed this
to generational gender norms. When the study’s participants were teenagers, mostly in the1980s, men were more
commonly employed outside of the home and were more likely than women to hold “career” jobs with opportunity
for advancement. Mothers do have a notable effect on whether children have a job-orientation mentality. Teenagers
who are close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a job when they grow up, probably because
they’ve been raised to value social, rather than instrumental life experiences.
Having both parents display the same work ethic (行为准则) has a strong influence, but only in the case of
calling-oriented offspring (子女). As the society nowadays favors money and professional achievement, a child
with two calling-oriented parents is more likely to have the confidence to ignore these societal pressures and pursue
her dreams. Children can affect their parents’ work ethic, too. Allowing people to bring their children into the office
has been shown to boost efficiency and productivity and could help raise that next generation of career-oriented
workers.
17．What motivates calling-oriented people to do work they like?
A．To achieve social status and fame. B．To pursue activities outside the office.
C．To believe they can earn them much money. D．To make a positive contribution to the world.
18．What is crucial in shaping the work attitudes of teenagers?
A．Peer pressure. B．Personal preferences.
C．Educational background. D．Awareness of parents’ work habits.
19．Why are children close to mothers less likely to be job-oriented?
A．Because mothers value social life experiences.
B．Because mothers focus on instrumental life experiences.
C．Because mothers tend to have a stronger career orientation.
D．Because mothers emphasize the importance of work as just a job.
20．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The influence of societal pressures on work beliefs.
B．The preferences of workers in different occupations.
C．The impact of parental work habits on teenagers’ attitudes.
D．The relationship between money and professional achievement.
17．D 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，从三个不同的工作导向说明人们对工作意义的看法很大
程度上取决于父母，强调了父母工作习惯对青少年态度的影响。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Calling-oriented people do work that they are passionate about because they
want to have a positive impact on the world. (使命导向型的人做他们热爱的工作，因为他们想对世界产生积极
的影响。)”可知，对世界做出积极贡献激励使命取向型的人做他们喜欢的工作。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the first study into how these orientations originate, researchers found that
how teenagers perceive their parents’ work habit is central to the development of their own work attitudes. (在第一
项关于这些导向如何产生的研究中，研究人员发现，青少年如何看待父母的工作习惯对他们自己的工作态
度的发展至关重要。)”可知，在塑造青少年的工作态度方面，了解父母的工作习惯是至关重要的。故选D
项。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Teenagers who are close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a
job when they grow up, probably because they’ve been raised to value social, rather than instrumental life
experiences.(与母亲关系密切的青少年长大后不太可能将工作仅仅视为一份工作，这可能是因为他们在成长
过程中受到的教育更重视社交，而不是工具性的生活经历。)”可知，因为母亲重视社交生活经验，所以离
母亲近的孩子不太可能以工作为导向。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“People tend to have one of three beliefs about the meaning of
work and which category you fall into largely depends on your parents. (人们对工作的意义往往有三种看法，而
你属于哪一类很大程度上取决于你的父母。)”可知，本文从三个不同的工作导向阐释了人们对工作意义的
看法很大程度上取决于父母，强调了父母工作习惯对青少年态度的影响。故选C项。
（2024·江苏泰州·一模）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds —
natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial
satellites are those made by man.
Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated
makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites
contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their
work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that
carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.
Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain,
which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the
satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also recordchanges in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide
electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.
Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the
planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity.
The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling
back to the earth.
Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform.
Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the
stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling
back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.
21．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A．The appearance of artificial satellites. B．The components of artificial satellites.
C．The basic function of artificial satellites.D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.
22．What is the role of computers in artificial satellites?
A．Providing electrical power. B．Recording changes observed.
C．Monitoring space environment. D．Processing information received.
23．How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits?
A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.
B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.
C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.
D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.
24．Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly?
A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.
B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.
C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.
D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造卫星的组成、运行方式和速度等基本情况。
21．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or
sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the
satellites need to perform their work.(在外面，它们可能看起来像一个轮子，配备了太阳能电池板或帆。卫星
内部装有特定任务的科学仪器，其中包括卫星执行工作所需的任何工具)”可知，文章第二段主要讲的是人
造卫星的组成部分。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information,
interpret it, and send messages back to the earth.(计算机就像卫星的大脑一样，接收信息，解释信息，并将信
息发回地球)”可知，计算机在人造卫星中的作用是处理接收到的信息。故选D项。23．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity
pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to
the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity.(人造卫星利用重力保持在轨道上。地球的引力把所有东西都拉向地球
的中心。为了保持在地球轨道上运行，卫星的速度必须根据引力最微小的变化进行调整)”可知，人造卫星
是通过在重力的作用下不断改变速度保持在轨道上的。故选C项。
24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these
satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting
satellites can travel more slowly.(离地球越近，引力就越强。因此，这些卫星必须以每小时17000英里的速度
运行，以防止落回地球，而轨道较高的卫星运行速度更慢)”可知，高地球轨道上的卫星运行速度较慢是因
为它们在高轨道上的引力较弱。故选C项。
（2024·广东深圳·一模）Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the
size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees. At that rate, some scientists predict the world’s forests could
disappear in 100 to 200 years. To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have
pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab. This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden
product without cutting down trees.
In the lab, the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant. These cells are cultured in liquid
medium for two days, then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two different hormones. By
adjusting the hormone levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells. Next, the
researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material, and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three
months. Finally, the researchers dehydrate the material, and then evaluate its qualities.
They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded, open cells of lower density,
while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures.
Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid, helping the materials grow
with different wood-like characteristics. What’s more, it’s to be noted that the research process is about 100 times
faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity!
Research of this kind is ground-breaking. “This work demonstrates the great power of a technology,” says lead
researcher, Jeffrey Berenstain. “The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it.
This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes, sizes, rigidity, and forms. It enables
us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”
25．Why do researchers at MIT conduct the research?
A．To grow more trees. B．To protect plant diversity.
C．To reduce tree losses. D．To predict forest disappearance.
26．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research?
A．Its theoretical basis. B．Its key procedures.
C．Its scientific evidence. D．Its usual difficulties.
27．What does the finding suggest about the plant materials?A．The hormone levels affect their rigidity.
B．They are better than naturally grown plants.
C．Their cells’ shapes mainly rely on their density.
D．Their growth speed determines their characteristics.
28．Why is the research ground-breaking according to Berenstain?
A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments.
B．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products.
C．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry.
D．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth.
25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了避免砍伐树木，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，
在实验室里生产类似木材的植物材料。解释了其实验过程以及其积极意义。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the
size of Iceland—because of cutting down trees. At that rate, some scientists predict the world’s forests could
disappear in 100 to 200 years. To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have
pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab.(每年，由于砍伐树木，世界上损失了大约
1000万公顷的森林——面积约为冰岛的大小。一些科学家预测，按照这个速度，世界上的森林可能会在
100到200年内消失。为了解决这个问题，麻省理工学院的研究人员开创了一种技术，在实验室里生产类
似木材的植物材料)”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员进行这项研究是为了减少树木损失。故选C。
26．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the lab, the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant. These
cells are cultured in liquid medium for two days, then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two
different hormones. By adjusting the hormone levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities
of the cells. Next, the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material, and let the shaped material grow
in the dark for three months. Finally, the researchers dehydrate the material, and then evaluate its qualities.(在实验
室里，研究人员首先从幼小植物的叶子上提取细胞。这些细胞在液体培养基中培养两天，然后转移到另一
种含有营养物质和两种不同激素的培养基中。通过调节激素水平，研究人员可以调节细胞的物理和机械特
性。接下来，研究人员使用3D打印机来塑造细胞基材料，并让成型的材料在黑暗中生长三个月。最后，
研究人员将材料脱水，然后评估其质量)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们关于实验室研究的关键程序。故选
B。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段“They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more
rounded, open cells of lower density, while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with
smaller but denser cell structures. Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or
more rigid, helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics.(他们发现，较低的激素水平会导
致植物材料的细胞更圆、更开放，密度更低，而较高的激素水平会导致植物材料的细胞结构更小，但密度
更大。细胞结构的密度或高或低，使植物材料更柔软或更坚硬，帮助材料生长出不同的类木特性)”可知，
激素水平影响植物材料的硬度。故选A。28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes,
sizes, rigidity, and forms. It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods
can’t achieve.(该技术可以调整以满足对形状、大小、刚性和形式的要求。它使我们能够以传统农业方法无
法实现的方式“种植”任何木制品)”可知，贝伦斯坦认为这项研究具有开创性因为它革新了制作木制品的
方法。故选B。
（2024·云南昆明·一模）Forgetting names, faces, or events is a universal human experience; even those who
see their minds sharp struggle with memory loss from time to time. Most consider these mental mistakes to be
annoyed, and they’re seen as a potentially worrisome sign of cognitive decline. But neurologist Scott Small, who
studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Columbia University, thinks this view of forgetting is all wrong. In fact,
some amount of forgetfulness is critical for our minds and relationships to function at their best.
We’re developing drugs to protect against memory loss. But many psychologists have joked that what they
want is a forgetfulness drug. Too much memory poses a challenge in any long-term relationship. Anger, hatred—
they all come from not being able to let go of emotional memories. People who repeatedly think of anger or fear
suffer, often in loneliness.
Living in a noisy, ever-changing world, forgetting details is actually a perfect adaptation. Creativity isn’t
making something out of nothing. It’s making connections between already-known elements—ideas, words,
visuals, or expressions—to create something new. But to make new connections, the existing connections in your
mind have to be loose. If the connections between those elements are too tightly bound in our memory, there’s no
room for creativity.
What can we do to help our brains forget what we need to forget? One of the best ways to make sure that you
don’t have a brain that’s burning too. hot with bad memories is to stay socially engaged. Another thing to do is to
sleep, and sleep well. Many experts have concluded that we sleep in order to forget, so it makes sense that sleep has
been shown to improve creativity. If you’re short of sleep, your brain is on fire with too many memories. The brain
is like a lawn of grass—you need to keep it trimmed to make way for new memories, new connections, and new
growth.
29．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The damage of cognitive decline. B．The importance of forgetting things.
C．The reasons of getting mental disease. D．The methods of preventing memory loss.
30．Why is the forgetfulness drug needed?
A．Because various pressure makes us sleepless.
B．Because some patients forget important things.
C．Because too much memory disturbs and bothers us.
D．Because many seniors suffer from Alzheimer’s disease.
31．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．Too much memory blocks our creativity.B．Our brain can adapt to ever-changing world.
C．Sleeping well contributes to improved attention. D．Bad memory has terrible impact on our social life.32．Where is the text probably from?
A．A book review. B．An advertisement. C．A science fiction. D．A news report.
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了遗忘的重要性以及太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力。
29．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Forgetting names, faces, or events is a universal human experience; even those
who see their minds sharp struggle with memory loss from time to time. Most consider these mental mistakes to be
annoyed, and they’re seen as a potentially worrisome sign of cognitive decline. But neurologist Scott Small, who
studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at Columbia University, thinks this view of forgetting is all wrong. In fact,
some amount of forgetfulness is critical for our minds and relationships to function at their best.(忘记名字、面孔
或事件是人类普遍的经历;即使是那些头脑清醒的人也会时不时地与失忆作斗争。大多数人认为这些心理错
误是令人烦恼的，它们被视为认知能力下降的潜在令人担忧的迹象。但是在哥伦比亚大学研究和治疗阿尔
茨海默病的神经学家斯科特·斯莫尔认为，这种关于遗忘的观点是完全错误的。事实上，一定程度的健忘对
我们的思维和人际关系发挥最佳作用至关重要)”可知，第一段的主要内容是遗忘的重要性。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段“But many psychologists have joked that what they want is a forgetfulness drug.
Too much memory poses a challenge in any long-term relationship. Anger, hatred—they all come from not being
able to let go of emotional memories. People who repeatedly think of anger or fear suffer, often in loneliness.(但许
多心理学家开玩笑说，他们想要的是一种遗忘药。太多的记忆对任何长期关系来说都是一个挑战。愤怒、
憎恨——它们都来自于无法放下情绪记忆。反复想到愤怒或恐惧的人往往会感到孤独)”可知，需要遗忘药
是因为太多的记忆会扰乱和困扰我们。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the connections between those elements are too tightly bound in our
memory, there’s no room for creativity.(如果这些元素之间的联系在我们的记忆中过于紧密，就没有创造力的
空间)”以及最后一段“Many experts have concluded that we sleep in order to forget, so it makes sense that sleep
has been shown to improve creativity. If you’re short of sleep, your brain is on fire with too many memories. The
brain is like a lawn of grass—you need to keep it trimmed to make way for new memories, new connections, and
new growth.(许多专家得出结论，我们睡觉是为了遗忘，所以睡眠可以提高创造力也就说得通了。如果你睡
眠不足，你的大脑会因为太多的记忆而着火。大脑就像一片草地，你需要修剪它，为新的记忆、新的联系
和新的成长腾出空间)”可知，太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“But neurologist Scott Small, who studies and treats Alzheimer’s disease at
Columbia University, thinks this view of forgetting is all wrong. In fact, some amount of forgetfulness is critical for
our minds and relationships to function at their best.(但是在哥伦比亚大学研究和治疗阿尔茨海默病的神经学家
斯科特·斯莫尔认为，这种关于遗忘的观点是完全错误的。事实上，一定程度的健忘对我们的思维和人际关
系发挥最佳作用至关重要)”结合文章主要说明了遗忘的重要性以及太多的记忆会阻碍我们的创造力，属于
科普知识，故推测这篇文章最有可能选自新闻报道。故选D。
（2024·山东日照·一模）Dr Paul King at Texas Christian University has been an influential scholar in the
field of communication studies for 30 years. I spoke to King about his research into “state anxiety in listeningperformance”. Most of us believe that anxiety impacts only the person giving the speech or presentation. Dr King
has discovered that audience members feel anxiety, too.
King says that listening is a tiring activity because the learner is continually adding material to be
remembered-retrieved-later. This is what he means by “cognitive backlog(认知积压)”. Put simply, the longer the
task or the more information that is delivered, the greater the cognitive load. According to King, listening to a five-
minute presentation produces a relatively small amount of cognitive backlog; an 18-minute presentation produces a
little more, while a 60-minute presentation produces so much backlog that you risk seriously upsetting your
audience unless you create a very engaging presentation with “soft breaks”— stories, videos, demonstrations, or
other speakers.
The longer the presentation, the more the listener has to organize, comprehend, and remember. The burden
increases along with a listener’s anxiety. They become increasingly frustrated, even angry. King says that the
current research into memory processing suggests that it’s better to study content on two or three occasions for a
short period of time instead of spending an entire evening cramming(填鸭式学习).
King applies the results to his graduate class on research methods. If given a choice, most graduate students
would rather attend a single three-hour class than three 50-minute classes. When King taught his class once a week,
he found that the students returned for the next class having lost most of the information they had learned the prior
week. King discovered the “better practice” was to schedule the same content on three separate occasions, such as
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. King said that despite objections, when he taught the class on three occasions his
students scored better and exhibited a better memory of the complex material.
33．What does Dr Paul King say about “cognitive backlog”?
A．It should be prevented from happening.
B．It is affected by the number of listeners.
C．It changes with the length of a presentation.
D．It produces a negative effect on mental health.
34．What is the function of “soft breaks”?
A．To ease listeners’ anxiety. B．To show the talents of speakers.
C．To add topics to the presentation. D．To make the presentation longer.
35．What does Dr Paul King’s new practice focus on?
A．Exploring complex materials. B．Completing a single task at a time.
C．Breaking up the whole into parts. D．Grouping students by their levels.
36．What can we learn about Dr Paul King’s new class schedule?
A．It was welcomed by students. B．It turned out to be a success.
C．It made no difference indeed. D．It still had room for improvement.
33．C 34．A 35．C 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要访谈了德克萨斯基督教大学的保罗·金教授，讨论了他的研究“听力
表现中的状态焦虑”。文章揭示了听众在听力过程中也会感受到焦虑，这种焦虑随着演讲时间的增长和信息量的增加而增加。文章还提到，金教授将这一研究结果应用于自己的研究生课程，通过将课程内容分三
次授课，而不是一次三小时的集中授课，发现学生的学习效果更好。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Put simply, the longer the task or the more information that is delivered, the
greater the cognitive load.(简单来说，任务越长或者传递的信息越多，认知负荷就越大)”可知，认知负荷随
着任务的长度发生变化，故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to King, listening to a five-minute presentation produces a relatively
small amount of cognitive backlog; an 18-minute presentation produces a little more, while a 60-minute
presentation produces so much backlog that you risk seriously upsetting your audience unless you create a very
engaging presentation with “soft breaks”— stories, videos, demonstrations, or other speakers.( 根据金博士的说法，
听一个五分钟的演讲会产生相对较少的认知积压；18分钟的演讲会产生更多一些，而60分钟的演讲会产
生如此多的认知积压，除非你制作了一个非常吸引人的演讲，并有“轻松休息”——故事、视频、演示或
其他演讲者，否则你冒着严重激怒你的听众的风险)”可知，“轻松休息”的功能是减轻听众的焦虑情绪，
故选A项。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“King applies the results to his graduate class on research methods.(金博士将
结果应用到他的研究生课程研究方法上)”以及“King discovered the “better practice” was to schedule the same
content on three separate occasions, such as Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. (金博士发现，更好的做法是将相
同的内容安排在三个不同的时间，例如周一、周三和周五)”可知，金博士的新做法是将整个任务分解为几
个部分，故选C项。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“King said that despite objections, when he taught the class on three occasions
his students scored better and exhibited a better memory of the complex material(金博士说，尽管有反对意见，
当他在三个不同时间教授课程时，他的学生得分更好，并且对复杂材料的记忆力更好)”可知，保罗·金博士
的新课程安排，结果证明是成功的，故选B项。
（2024·山东日照·一模）Dr Paul King at Texas Christian University has been an influential scholar in the
field of communication studies for 30 years. I spoke to King about his research into “state anxiety in listening
performance”. Most of us believe that anxiety impacts only the person giving the speech or presentation. Dr King
has discovered that audience members feel anxiety, too.
King says that listening is a tiring activity because the learner is continually adding material to be
remembered-retrieved-later. This is what he means by “cognitive backlog(认知积压)”. Put simply, the longer the
task or the more information that is delivered, the greater the cognitive load. According to King, listening to a five-
minute presentation produces a relatively small amount of cognitive backlog; an 18-minute presentation produces a
little more, while a 60-minute presentation produces so much backlog that you risk seriously upsetting your
audience unless you create a very engaging presentation with “soft breaks”— stories, videos, demonstrations, or
other speakers.
The longer the presentation, the more the listener has to organize, comprehend, and remember. The burden
increases along with a listener’s anxiety. They become increasingly frustrated, even angry. King says that the
current research into memory processing suggests that it’s better to study content on two or three occasions for a
short period of time instead of spending an entire evening cramming(填鸭式学习).King applies the results to his graduate class on research methods. If given a choice, most graduate students
would rather attend a single three-hour class than three 50-minute classes. When King taught his class once a week,
he found that the students returned for the next class having lost most of the information they had learned the prior
week. King discovered the “better practice” was to schedule the same content on three separate occasions, such as
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. King said that despite objections, when he taught the class on three occasions his
students scored better and exhibited a better memory of the complex material.
37．What does Dr Paul King say about “cognitive backlog”?
A．It should be prevented from happening.
B．It is affected by the number of listeners.
C．It changes with the length of a presentation.
D．It produces a negative effect on mental health.
38．What is the function of “soft breaks”?
A．To ease listeners’ anxiety. B．To show the talents of speakers.
C．To add topics to the presentation. D．To make the presentation longer.
39．What does Dr Paul King’s new practice focus on?
A．Exploring complex materials. B．Completing a single task at a time.
C．Breaking up the whole into parts. D．Grouping students by their levels.
40．What can we learn about Dr Paul King’s new class schedule?
A．It was welcomed by students. B．It turned out to be a success.
C．It made no difference indeed. D．It still had room for improvement.
37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要访谈了德克萨斯基督教大学的保罗·金教授，讨论了他的研究“听力
表现中的状态焦虑”。文章揭示了听众在听力过程中也会感受到焦虑，这种焦虑随着演讲时间的增长和信
息量的增加而增加。文章还提到，金教授将这一研究结果应用于自己的研究生课程，通过将课程内容分三
次授课，而不是一次三小时的集中授课，发现学生的学习效果更好。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“Put simply, the longer the task or the more information that is delivered, the
greater the cognitive load.(简单来说，任务越长或者传递的信息越多，认知负荷就越大)”可知，认知负荷随
着任务的长度发生变化，故选C项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to King, listening to a five-minute presentation produces a relatively
small amount of cognitive backlog; an 18-minute presentation produces a little more, while a 60-minute
presentation produces so much backlog that you risk seriously upsetting your audience unless you create a very
engaging presentation with “soft breaks”— stories, videos, demonstrations, or other speakers.( 根据金博士的说法，
听一个五分钟的演讲会产生相对较少的认知积压；18分钟的演讲会产生更多一些，而60分钟的演讲会产
生如此多的认知积压，除非你制作了一个非常吸引人的演讲，并有“轻松休息”——故事、视频、演示或
其他演讲者，否则你冒着严重激怒你的听众的风险)”可知，“轻松休息”的功能是减轻听众的焦虑情绪，
故选A项。39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“King applies the results to his graduate class on research methods.(金博士将
结果应用到他的研究生课程研究方法上)”以及“King discovered the “better practice” was to schedule the same
content on three separate occasions, such as Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. (金博士发现，更好的做法是将相
同的内容安排在三个不同的时间，例如周一、周三和周五)”可知，金博士的新做法是将整个任务分解为几
个部分，故选C项。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“King said that despite objections, when he taught the class on three occasions
his students scored better and exhibited a better memory of the complex material(金博士说，尽管有反对意见，
当他在三个不同时间教授课程时，他的学生得分更好，并且对复杂材料的记忆力更好)”可知，保罗·金博士
的新课程安排，结果证明是成功的，故选B项。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Crows (乌鸦) are undeniably intelligent. From making tools to holding hatred,
crows have been surprising the scientific community with their skillset. In fact, a study once published in the
journal Current Biology found “the crow brain is the same relative size as the chimpanzee (大猩猩) brain”.
Now, a study published in Science Advances finds crows understand what is known as recursion (递归). Prior
to this study, recursion was believed to be unique to humans.
“We were interested in the ability to represent recursive structures—defined here as having elements be put
within other similar elements,” Diana Liao said, who is the study’s first author. Liao says it was surprising to
discover crows “were able to know the underlying recursive structure of the orders” upon first exposure. This
makes the birds similar to humans, who are able to extract patterns with little experience. “Recursion is thought to
be a key feature of human symbolic systems such as language or mathematics—and since these are thought to be
unique to humans—there’s been interest in whether non-human animals can grasp and generate recursive
structures,” says Liao.
What exactly is recursion? Liao explains: “A classic example sentence is ‘the mouse the cat caught ran’ where
the clause the cat caught’ is within the clause’ the mouse who ran’. These complex structures are found in human
languages but not in animal communication systems which suggest that recursion might be what separates them.”
The findings of this study are significant since they show recursive ability in animals that are not closely
related to chimpanzees. “This suggests that this ability is either very evolutionarily (进化) ancient or that is a
product of convergent evolution,” says Liao. “Also, it would propose that certain brain structures are not necessary
to support this ability since birds have a dramatically different neural architecture.”
Liao says scientists know crows are smart but the extent of their intelligence is really unexpected. “Everyone
has the impression that crows are super smart but I simply didn’t know just how intelligent they are.”
41．What is the finding of the new study?
A．Crows can make tools.
B．Crows understand recursion.
C．Crows can create special patterns.
D．Crows and chimpanzees are of a brain size.
42．Which structure can show Crows’ special ability?A．I bought a book B．My book was missing.
C．The book I bought was missing. D．My book was missing and I bought one.
43．What impressed Diana Liao?
A．Crows’ intelligence level. B．Crows’ body structure.
C．The reason for Crows’s martness. D．people’s impression of crows.
44．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Crows Are Humans’ close Relatives
B．Crows Are Found the cleverest Bird
C．Crows Have the Ability to Learn to speak
D．Crows Have a Human-like Grammar skill
41．B 42．C 43．A 44．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究，研究表明乌鸦能够理解一种被称之为递归的
认知原理，而递归被认为是人类语言或数学符号系统的关键特征。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, a study published in Science Advances finds crows understand what is
known as recursion (递归). Prior to this study, recursion was believed to be unique to humans.(现在，一项发表在
《科学进展》上的研究发现，乌鸦理解一种被称为递归的概念。在这项研究之前，人们认为递归是人类独
有的)”可知，乌鸦被发现能够理解递归结构。故选B。
42．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, a study published in Science Advances finds crows understand what is
known as recursion (递归). Prior to this study, recursion was believed to be unique to humans.(现在，一项发表在
《科学进展》上的研究发现，乌鸦理解一种被称为递归的概念。在这项研究之前，人们认为递归是人类独
有的)以及第四段“A classic example sentence is ‘the mouse the cat caught ran’ where the clause the cat caught’ is
within the clause’ the mouse who ran’. These complex structures are found in human languages but not in animal
communication systems which suggest that recursion might be what separates them.(一个经典的例句是‘猫抓的
老鼠跑了’，其中‘猫抓的’是‘老鼠跑了’这个从句中的一部分。这些复杂的结构在人类语言中发现，
但在动物交流系统中却没有，这表明递归可能是将它们区分开来的关键)”可推知，乌鸦可以分析出句子中
的从句结构。故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Liao says scientists know crows are smart but the extent of their intelligence
is really unexpected.(廖说，科学家们知道乌鸦很聪明，但他们的聪明程度真的出乎意料)”可知，Liao虽然知
道乌鸦很聪明，但是对乌鸦的聪明程度感到惊讶。故选A。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Crows (乌鸦) are undeniably intelligent. From making tools to holding hatred,
crows have been surprising the scientific community with their skillset. In fact, a study once published in the
journal Current Biology found “the crow brain is the same relative size as the chimpanzee (大猩猩) brain”.(乌鸦无
疑是非常聪明的。从制作工具到保持仇恨，乌鸦的技能让科学界感到惊讶。事实上，一项曾发表在《当代
生物学》杂志上的研究发现，“乌鸦的大脑与大猩猩的大脑在相对大小上是相同的”)”以及纵观全文可知，
本文介绍了乌鸦大脑中存在特殊结构，这种复杂的结构被认为是人类语言或数学符号系统的关键特征，D
项“Crows Have a Human-like Grammar skill(乌鸦有类似人类的语法技能)”最适合作为文章标题。故选D。（2024·广东湛江·一模）For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon,
and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century
may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of artificial light at
night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the
alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead
of towards it.
Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is
affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into
reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning(产卵)observations, researchers were able to show
for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon
compared to those on unlit corals. “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes(配
子)and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems,” they explain.
“Corals are among the most biodiverse, economically important, and threatened ecosystems on the planet,”
write the authors of the study.
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching(褪色)events. Habitat destruction, fisheries, and pollution have
reduced corals substantially since the 1950s,” they write, adding, “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over
the next 100 years.”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we could perhaps look to delay the switching-on of night-
time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral
reproduction remains undisturbed.
45．Why is the first paragraph written?
A．To present the topic of the text. B．To advocate energy conservation.
C．To explain a natural phenomenon. D．To provide background information.
46．What does the underlined word “optimum” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Possible. B．Appropriate. C．Flexible. D．Sensitive.
47．What is the researchers’ major concern over corals?
A．Extinction. B．Losing value.
C．Terrible diseases. D．Exposure to moonlight.
48．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B．Night-time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C．Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D．Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
45．D 46．B 47．A 48．C【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不
受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
45．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the
sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the beginning of electric lighting in the late
19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world. Among the impacts of
artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences,
contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from
the water instead of towards it.(在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的
路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在
夜间人造光(ALAN)的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下
降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介绍了始于 19 世末的人造光源对自然产生
的不好的影响，结合第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing
finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal
cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.
(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的
生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”讲述文章主题是阐述人造光对于
珊瑚的危害可推断，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故选D。
46．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，后面的定语从句“when they would normally reproduce(当它们正常繁殖的
时候)”修饰the optimum time可知“the optimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，所以画线词与
appropriate“合适的，恰当的”。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.(
预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。)”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
48．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another
disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution
from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would
normally reproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响
与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”可知，本文主
要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响。这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对
其产生不利影响，因此 C 项“海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵”为合适的标题。故选C。
