【好题汇编】2024 年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（新高考专用)
专题 03 阅读理解（说明文）
（2023·河北石家庄·一模）Change can be unsettling. Good or bad, exciting or unexpected, there’s an
undeniable anxiety that accompanies seeing our lives shift. Thankfully, nature reminds us that entering a new
season in our lives is nothing to fear but something to enjoy.
What’s now known as “leaf-peeping” has become a highly profitable form of tourism in the United States. A
research shows that across states in the eastern half of the country, fall foliage (叶子) tourism contributes more than
$30 billion to local economies. And even though climate change has made int more difficult to predict when exactly
foliage will peak, it hasn’t stopped people from trying to figure it out. Tourism leaders from the Smoky Mountains
recently released their annual fall foliage prediction map which helps travelers plan out when they have the best
chance to catch those beautiful autumn views.
Perhaps part of what makes the foliage so special is the belief that it’s temporary. Eventually, branches will
become bare, and we’ll stop taking photos for social media. And as the seasons change and we feel that familiar
longing for what was, trees will once again embrace (欣然接受) their evolution.
Even when they aren’t decorated with flashy fall colors and their internal systems slow down, trees are still
supporting the ecosystem. Their fallen leaves are broken down by bacteria and fungi and provide the soil with
nutrients the tree needs to grow. Insects take up shelter in their bark, eventually becoming food for other wildlife
seeking a place to nest. Their strong roots stabilize the soil, preventing erosion (侵蚀) from winter snowmelt.
Right now, trees around the country are already beginning to welcome their next chapter. During this time of
the year, it feels like forests are just offering endless joy for free. And fall foliage is an everlasting reminder that the
growth with changes is beautiful.
1．What does “leaf-peeping” refer to?
A．A form of tourism where people go to see fall foliage.
B．A measure taken by tourism leaders to protect trees.
C．A research about the effects of climate change on trees.
D．A method for predicting when fall foliage will peak.
2．Why do people find fall foliage so special?
A．It brings change to daily life. B．It contributes to local economy.
C．It helps preserve ecosystems. D．It lasts only for a short time.
3．What can we learn about trees in fall from paragraph 4?
A．They are easily damaged by bacteria. B．They stop rooting due to cold weather.
C．They continue providing shelter for wildlife. D．They play a role in reducing snowfall.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Trees Supporting the Ecosystem B．Lesson from Trees: Embracing Change
C．Fall Foliage Tourism in the US D．Climate Changes in the Season of Fall【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在美国，观赏秋叶成为了一种盈利性的旅游方式，秋天的树木
给我们带来无尽的欢乐，也是成长与变化之美的永恒象征。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“What’s now known as “leaf-peeping” has become a highly profitable form of
tourism in the United States. A research shows that across states in the eastern half of the country, fall foliage
tourism contributes more than $30 billion to local economies. (在美国，现在所谓的“赏叶”已经成为一种高利
润的旅游形式。一项研究表明，在美国东半部的各州，赏叶旅游为当地经济贡献了300多亿美元。)”可知，
leaf-peeping指的是人们去看落叶的一种旅游方式。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Perhaps part of what makes the foliage so special is the belief that it’s
temporary. (也许树叶如此特别的部分原因是人们相信它是暂时的。) ”可知，人们觉得秋天的树叶如此特别
是因为它只持续很短的时间。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Insects take up shelter in their bark, eventually becoming food for other
wildlife seeking a place to nest. (昆虫躲在树皮里，最终成为其他寻找巢穴的野生动物的食物。)”可知，秋天
的树虽然叶子落下了，但仍为野生动物提供食物和庇护。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段的“Change can be unsettling. Good or bad, exciting or unexpected,
there’s an undeniable anxiety that accompanies seeing our lives shift. Thankfully, nature reminds us that entering a
new season in our lives is nothing to fear but something to enjoy. (变化可能令人不安。无论是好是坏，令人兴
奋还是出乎意料，看到我们的生活发生变化，总有一种不可否认的焦虑。值得庆幸的是，大自然提醒我们，
进入生命的新季节没有什么可怕的，而是值得享受的。)”可知，文章介绍秋天的到来有着好的一面也有坏
的一面，但不管怎样生命的新陈代谢提醒人们要用心去拥抱和接受一切，因此B项(树木带来的启示：拥抱
变化)能够概括文章内容，适合作为标题，故选B。
（2023·湖南·湖南师大附中校联考一模）Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”.
Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in effect illiterate. This month’s Ljubljana Manifesto (宣
言) explains: “The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations
to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers
higher-level reading.”
That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the
enlightenment and an international increase in empathy. Without it, we would suffer a lot. As the Ljubljana
Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-
fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading
scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global
Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of
schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century.
Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds
indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.”When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details
thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming,
scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis
with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more
information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom
absorb fine perspectives.
In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only
an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying.
5．What can we learn about digital reading from paragraph 1?
A．Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy.
B．Digital reading has lessened the practice of deep reading.
C．Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers.
D．Digital reading has aroused a greater appreciation for deep reading.
6．What is the purpose of the figures used in paragraph 2?
A．To display the popularity of digital reading.
B．To highlight the advantages of deep reading.
C．To present the unfavorable situation of literacy.
D．To stress the illiterate’s lower-level reading skills.
7．What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Effects. B．Depths. C．Features. D．Drawbacks.
8．What might be talked about in the following paragraph?
A．Advantages of digital reading. B．Benefits of higher-level reading.
C．Ways to encourage digital reading. D．Measures to practice deep reading.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字阅读对深度阅读习惯的破坏性影响，以及深度阅读在文
明和人类发展中的重要性。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. (数字阅读似
乎正在破坏“深度阅读”的习惯。)”和“The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it
also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all.
This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.(数字领域可能比历史上任何时候都促进了更多的阅读，但它
也提供了许多诱惑，以肤浅和分散的方式阅读——甚至根本不阅读。这越来越危及更高水平的阅读。)”可
知，数字阅读削弱了深度阅读的实践。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle
even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally
illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades.And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-
Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. (正如《卢布
尔雅那宣言》所指出的，“多达三分之一的欧洲人甚至在较低水平的阅读技能上挣扎。”超过五分之一的
美国成年人“属于文盲/功能性文盲”。另外，大流行后美国13岁儿童的阅读分数是几十年来最低的。总
部位于华盛顿的全球发展中心(Center for Global Development)最近估计，在过去的半个世纪里，南亚和撒哈
拉以南非洲地区接受过5年教育的儿童的识字率下降了10%。)”可知，这些数字展示了目前读写能力的状
况不容乐观。故选C项。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading:
“Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic
reading and long-form reading.” (《卢布尔雅那宣言》的专家们记录了数字阅读的demerits：“最近各种各样
的研究表明，批判性阅读、有意识阅读、慢读、非战略性阅读和长篇阅读的数量正在下降。”)”中“a
decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading”可知，这些都
是数字阅读盛行带来的问题和弊端，所以划线词demerits与drawbacks同义，意为“缺点，弊端 ”。故选
D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are
returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying. (简而言之，
正如西北大学的教授们在2005年所预见的那样，我们正在回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长文本的时
代，这令人担忧。)”可知，文章最后表达了作者对现状的担忧，害怕我们会回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才
会阅读长文本的时代。由此推知，作者接下来可能会就如何练习深度阅读给出具体的建议。故选D项。
（2023·海南·校联考一模）For the first time, scientists have grown plants in the moon soil collected by
NASA’s Apollo astronauts. The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in the moon dirt. They wanted to see
if it could be used to grow food by the next generation of moon explorers. The results surprised them. Plants
actually can grow in lunar (月球的) soil.
The researchers planted thale cress (芥蓝), a small flowering plant, in moon soil returned from the Apollo
missions. The good news was that all of the seeds grew. The bad news was that after the first week the lunar soil
stressed the plants so much that they grew slowly. Most of the moon plants ended up stunted—meaning small or
not fully developed.
The longer the soil was exposed to radiation and solar wind on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to do.
The soil collected by the Apollo 11 mission was the least helpful for growth. It was exposed a couple billion years
longer to the elements.
Scientists said, “This is a big step forward to know that we can grow plants. The real next step is to go and do
it on the surface of the moon.”
Moon dirt is full of glass particles from micrometeorite (微小陨石) impacts. One solution might be to use
younger geologic spots on the moon, like lava flows, for digging up soil. The environment also could be changed
by adding special nutrient (营养物) mixtures or artificial lighting.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo erews that landed on themoon. Most of them are still locked away, forcing researchers to experiment with soil made of volcanic ash on
Earth.
Early last year NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil to the University of Florida researchers for the planting
experiment. NASA said the timing for such an experiment was finally right with the space agency looking to put
astronauts back on the moon in a few years.
9．What is the result of the planting experiment with lunar soil?
A．The plants couldn’t grow normally. B．It was difficult for the seeds to grow.
C．They were struck by some diseases. D．The soil was too stressed for the plants to grow.
10．What is the final purpose of this experiment?
A．To create a new crop. B．To improve lunar soil.
C．To plant on the moon. D．To find the right amount of light.
11．Why did the scientists use volcanic ash for testing?
A．Lunar soil cannot be brought back by humans. B．Lunar soil was difficult to obtain for testing.
C．Lunar soil is not suitable for planting. D．Lunar soil is the same as volcanic ash.
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Future Astronauts Will Grow Food on the Moon
B．It’s Time to Study Growing Crops on the Moon
C．Lunar Soil Consists of Tiny Glass Particles
D．Scientists Grow Plants in Dirt from the Moon
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于月球上的泥土是否可以用来种植粮食的研究，结果发
现植物在月球土壤中不能正常生长。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“The good news was that all of the seeds grew. The bad news was that after the
first week the lunar soil stressed the plants so much that they grew slowly. Most of the moon plants ended up
stunted—meaning small or not fully developed.(好消息是所有的种子都长大了。坏消息是，在第一周之后，月
球土壤对植物的压力太大，使它们生长缓慢。大多数月球植物最终都发育不良，意思是很小或发育不完
全)”可知，月球土壤种植试验的结果是植物不能正常生长。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段“For the first time, scientists have grown plants in the moon soil collected by
NASA’s Apollo astronauts. The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in the moon dirt. They wanted to see
if it could be used to grow food by the next generation of moon explorers.(科学家们首次在美国宇航局阿波罗号
宇航员收集的月球土壤中种植植物。科学家们不知道月球上的泥土里是否会有东西生长。他们想看看下一
代月球探险者是否可以用它来种植食物)”以及第四段“Scientists said, “This is a big step forward to know that
we can grow plants. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”(科学家们说：“这是一个很
大的进步，我们知道我们可以种植植物。真正的下一步是在月球表面进行。”)”可知，这个实验的最终目
的是在月球上种植植物。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six
Apollo erews that landed on the moon. Most of them are still locked away, forcing researchers to experiment with
soil made of volcanic ash on Earth.(“阿波罗”号的6艘飞船只带回了382公斤的月球岩石和土壤。它们中的
大多数仍然被锁起来，迫使研究人员用地球上的火山灰制成的土壤进行实验)”可知，因为月球土壤很难获
得用于测试，所以科学家们要用火山灰进行测试。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“For the first time, scientists have grown plants in the moon soil collected by
NASA’s Apollo astronauts. The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in the moon dirt. They wanted to see
if it could be used to grow food by the next generation of moon explorers. The results surprised them. Plants
actually can grow in lunar (月球的) soil.(科学家们首次在美国宇航局阿波罗号宇航员收集的月球土壤中种植
植物。科学家们不知道月球上的泥土里是否会有东西生长。他们想看看下一代月球探险者是否可以用它来
种植食物。结果让他们大吃一惊。植物实际上可以在月球的土壤中生长)”以及纵观全文，可知本文主要介
绍了一项关于月球上的泥土是否可以用来种植粮食的研究，所以D项“Scientists Grow Plants in Dirt from
the Moon(科学家在月球的泥土中种植植物)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
（2023·广东汕头·校考一模）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while
most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes
some practice.
13．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A．They must run long distances. B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules. D．They are good at swinging their legs.
14．What advantage does race walking have over running?
A．It’s more popular at the Olympics. B． It’s less challenging physically.C． It’s more effective in body building. D． It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
15．What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A．Getting experts’ opinions. B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises.
16．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这
样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most
of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times.(但这项运动的规则要求竞走
者的膝盖在腿摆动的大部分时间里保持直线，一只脚在任何时候都要与地面保持接触)”可知，竞走运动员
训练有素是因为他们必须遵守特殊规定。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as
runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.(因此，她说，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，
在竞走运动员中并不常见)”可知，竞走的优势是不太可能造成膝盖受伤。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a
coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.(她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨
询教练或有经验的选手，学习正确的技术)”可知，诺伯格博士建议竞走的人听取专家意见。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while
most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.(研究表明，竞走和跑步有很多
健身的好处，但更有可能减少受伤。然而，它也有自己的问题)”可推知，作者提到竞走的好处与问题，即
对竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。
（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）Imagine you’re out for an evening stroll in a foreign city, looking to
find a restaurant for dinner. If you’re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners
because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true?
Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as
“herd behaviour”. It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example
being sheep. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”.
Psychology research suggests that the phenomenon relies on the existence of social connections or patterns
between individuals as well as specific mechanisms of passing on information. A key prerequisite (前提) is the
human ability to “mentalise”, which means being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using
the information to explain their choices.
Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgement of individual group
members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behavior typically rely on so-called“information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically
assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid
behaviors. Consequently, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including unfavorable influences on
consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above.
However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude
changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more critical approaches towards their peers’
opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following them.
17．Which of the following can be called “herd behaviour” ?
A．Choosing the most crowded restaurant to dine in.
B．Asking friends for suggestions when in confusion.
C．Running out immediately when the fire bell rings.
D．Analyzing a product carefully before buying it.
18．An important condition for herd behaviour lies in _______.
A．explaining life patterns
B．understanding social connections
C．comprehending others’ mental state
D．sharing information among individuals
19．What leads to the herd behaviour?
A．Wisdom of crowds. B．Uncertain outcomes.
C．Lack of rational analyses. D．Enough individual opinions.
20．How can people avoid the the herd behaviour?
A．Never follow the trend. B．Keep a questioning mind.
C．Say no to any popular events. D．Stand opposite against the public.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了跟随他人行为的问题，包括在选择餐馆时随意跟随人群的不良影
响并解释了“羊群行为”的概念。文章强调了跟随他人行为的危险性，因为这种行为往往不需要批判性思
考，可能会导致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行为。因此建议要谨慎对待跟随他人行为，并要保持批判性思维。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Naturally copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with
the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”. (自然地模仿他人的想法或选择或随大流通常被称为“从众
行为”)”可知，选择最拥挤的餐厅用餐被称为“羊群行为”。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability to “mentalise”, which means
being able to read and interpret someone else’s mental state and using the information to explain their choices. (一
个关键的先决条件是人类“心理化”的能力，这意味着能够阅读和解读他人的心理状态，并利用这些信息
来解释他们的选择)”可知，“羊群行为”的一个重要条件是理解他人的心理状态。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges whenthe judgement of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd
behavior typically rely on so-called “information cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where people take on others’ beliefs or
copy their choices without critically assessing the underlying reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of
irrational (不理性的) or simply stupid behaviors. (与所谓的“群体智慧”相反，当个体群体成员的判断被独立
收集以产生平均意见时，“羊群行为”通常依赖于所谓的“信息瀑布”，人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原
因的情况下接受他人的信念或复制他们的选择。这经常导致模仿不合理的行为或愚蠢的行为。)”可知，缺
乏理性的分析导致了“羊群行为”。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, it seems there is no quick and easy fix to resist the lure of herd
behaviour. Instead, long-term attitude changes may be necessary, which could involve individuals adopting more
critical approaches towards their peers’ opinion, and questioning others’ behavior as opposed to blindly following
them.(然而，似乎没有快速和简单的解决办法来抵制群体行为的诱惑。相反，长期的态度改变可能是必要
的，这可能涉及个人对同龄人的观点采取更批判的态度，质疑他人的行为，而不是盲目地追随他们)”可知，
保持质疑的心态可以避免从众行为。故选B。
（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so
many things that can cut into our shut-eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it?
To start with the basics: if you are getting anywhere from seven to nine hours a night, you’re probably fine.
But you should certainly get concerned with consistently sleeping less than seven hours a night, and really
concerned if it dropped to six or below. “If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the quantity and
quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health and many
other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an
indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of these
issues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”
So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to
sunlight during the day to keep your circadian rhythms on track. Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise
have a bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to
fall asleep faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.
When it’s time for bed, make sure you turn in at a reasonably consistent hour, and keep your sleep hygiene in
shape. “You should try to keep your weekend routine within one to two hours of your weekday one, and keep them
highly consistent,” says Barker. “I’d also suggest keeping your bedroom free of electronics, and keep it cool and
dark. I often work with athletes, and one of the first things I ask them to do is activate their devices’ night mode,
which cuts down on the emission of blue light that can impede sleep. Ideally, stay off all of your devices for an hour
before bed.”
Oh, and taking a deep breath really can work: there is evidence that it activates your parasympathetic nervous
system (副交感神经系统) and winds you down.
21．Why does the author mention “so many things” in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To make comparisons.
C．To support his/her argument. D．To seek opinions.22．What may be an indicator of a sleep disorder?
A．Deep breath. B．Gut discomfort.
C．Sufficient bedtime. D．Sleep consistency.
23．How can we get quality Zs?
A．Exercise regularly. B．Work with athletes.
C．Keep weekends busy. D．Activate digital devices.
24．What’s the text mainly about?
A．Stress from a poor sleep.
B．Trend of sleeping less at night.
C．Bad habits that threaten our health.
D．Ways to get a consistent good sleep.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．A 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠障碍对身体的伤害以及介绍了如何获得持续良好睡眠的方
法的方法。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it?
(这什么时候会威胁到我们的健康——我们该怎么办？)”以及第三段第一、二、三句话“So what is your best
bet for catching some quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to sunlight during the day to
keep your circadian rhythms on track. (那么，如果你想睡个好觉，最好的办法是什么呢？从白天开始。试着
在白天把自己暴露在阳光下，保持你的生理节奏在正常的轨道上)”可推知，文章第一题段提出的“这些事
情”是为了让人们意识到睡眠问题，从而引出本文的主旨“提高睡眠质量的方法”。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句话““If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the
quantity and quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health
and many other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be
an indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of these
issues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”(私人教练和睡眠管理顾问克里斯托弗•巴克表示: “如果你夜里醒来次
数很多，就会影响睡眠的数量和质量，这可能会损害你的免疫系统，损害肠道健康，以及许多其它副作
用。”。“这可能是睡眠障碍或其他潜在健康问题的一个指标——如果你担心这些问题中的任何一个，就
值得和你的医生谈谈。”)”可知，睡眠的连贯性或者说睡眠质量是睡眠障碍或其他潜在健康问题的一个指
标。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise have a
bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to fall asleep
faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.(体育活动也有
帮助：睡眠和锻炼有双向关系。在2022年的一项民意调查中，与不锻炼的人相比，进行剧烈体育活动的参
与者往往入睡更快，夜间醒来更少，醒来时感觉神清气爽)”可知，定期的运动能够帮助我们获得高质量的
睡眠。故选A。24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so many
things that can cut into our shut-eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it? (熬夜、
早起、噩梦、焦虑、孩子……有很多事情会影响我们的睡眠。什么时候会威胁到我们的健康——我们能做
些什么呢?)”和第三段“So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs? (那么，要想睡个好觉，最好的
办法是什么呢？)”，结合全文，可知本文主要介绍了睡眠问题对身体的伤害以及介绍了如何获得持续良好
睡眠的方法。故选D。
（2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）The PAL-V Liberty is a revolutionary vehicle that can travel on both land
and air. It is the world’s first commercial flying car, and it is now available for pre-order. The PAL-V Liberty is
developed by a Dutch company called PAL-V International B．V., which stands for Personal Air and Land Vehicle.
The company has been working on the project since 2001, and has successfully tested the prototype in 2012.
The PAL-V Liberty is a two-seater hybrid car and gyroplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a
foldable rotor on top. It can switch between driving mode and flying mode in about 10 minutes, with the help of a
semi-automatic system. It has a top speed of 160 km/h on the road and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up to 500
km on a single tank of fuel. It uses regular gasoline, and can be refueled at any gas station.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected to be delivered to customers in 2023, alter obtaining the necessary
certifications from aviation authorities. The company claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulations of both
cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy to operate. However, the PAL-V Liberty is not a cheap vehicle, nor is
it accessible to everyone. It costs599,000 euros (about 4.7 million yuan) for the Pioneer Edition, which includes
flight training courses, power heating and personalization options. There is also a cheaper Sport Edition, which
costs 299,000 euros (about 2.3 million yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er to pay an additional
10,000 euros(about 78,000 yuan) for flight training.
To drive the PAL-V Liberty, one needs both a driving license and a pilot license. The vehicle also requires a
runway or airstrip to take off and land, as it cannot do so vertically like a helicopter. The company says it has
received 70 orders for the vehicle so far, mostly from customers in Europe and North America. The PAL-V Liberty
is a groundbreaking innovation that could change the future of transportation, but it also faces many challenges and
limitations.
25．What’s the limitation of the Pioneer Edition of the PAL-V Liberty?
A．Lack of customized selection. B．Failure to land and take off vertically
C．Extra money to be paid for flight training. D．Disagreement with the existing traffic rules.
26．What can we infer about from the passage?
A．The PAL-V Liberty has been used in our daily life.
B．If you have a pilot license, you can drive the PAL-V Liberty.
C．It can switch between driving and flying mode in a short time
D．The Sport Edition is more attractive features than the Pioneer Edition.
27．What's the author’s attitude towards the PAL-V Liberty?
A．favorable B．skeptical C．objective D．indifference28．What is the best title for the article?
A．The Dutch Innovation B．The Future of Transportation
C．The Hybrid Car and the Gyroplane D．The World’s First Commercial Flying Car
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．C 28．D
【导语】本文是新闻报道。介绍了PAL-V Liberty是一种革命性的交通工具，可以在陆地和空中行驶，这是
世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车，目前已可预订。
25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To drive the PAL-V Liberty, one needs both a driving license and a pilot
license. The vehicle also requires a runway or airstrip to take off and land, as it cannot do so vertically like a
helicopter.(驾驶PAL-V Liberty需要驾驶执照和飞行员执照。这种飞行器还需要一条跑道或简易飞机跑道来
起降，因为它不能像直升机那样垂直起降)”可知，先锋版的PAL-V Liberty的限制是不能垂直降落和起飞。
故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mode and flying mode in about 10 minutes, with
the help of a semi-automatic system.(在半自动系统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行
模式)”可知，PAL-V Liberty可以在短时间内在驾驶和飞行模式之间切换。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mode and flying mode in about 10 minutes, with
the help of a semi-automatic system. It has a top speed of 160 km/h on the road and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly
up to 500 km on a single tank of fuel. It uses regular gasoline, and can be refueled at any gas station.(在半自动系
统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行模式。它在公路上的最高速度为160公里/小
时，在空中的最高速度为180公里/小时，单箱燃料可以飞行500公里。它使用普通汽油，可以在任何加油
站加油)”以及第三段“However, the PAL-V Liberty is not a cheap vehicle, nor is it accessible to everyone. It
costs599,000 euros (about 4.7 million yuan) for the Pioneer Edition, which includes flight training courses, power
heating and personalization options. There is also a cheaper Sport Edition, which costs 299,000 euros (about 2.3
million yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er to pay an additional 10,000 euros(about 78,000 yuan)
for flight training.(然而，PAL-V自由不是一个便宜的车辆，也不是每个人都可以使用。先锋版售价为59.9
万欧元(约合470万元人民币)，包括飞行训练课程、电力加热和个性化选项。还有一款更便宜的Sport
Edition，售价29.9万欧元(约合230万元人民币)，但功能较少，需要购买者额外支付1万欧元(约合7.8万
元人民币)的飞行训练费用)”可知，作者只是客观的描述了PAL-V Liberty的有关数据，包括它的时速，以
及价格，所以对PAL-V Liberty是客观的。故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The PAL-V Liberty is a revolutionary vehicle that can travel on both land and
air. It is the world’s first commercial flying car, and it is now available for pre-order. The PAL-V Liberty is
developed by a Dutch company called PAL-V International B. V., which stands for Personal Air and Land Vehicle.
(PAL-V Liberty是一种革命性的交通工具，可以在陆地和空中行驶。这是世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车，现
在可以预订。PAL-V Liberty是由一家名为PAL-V International b.v.的荷兰公司开发的，该公司代表个人空中
和陆地交通工具)”以及后文，本文主要介绍了PAL-V Liberty的性能和价格，所以D项“The World’s First
Commercial Flying Car(世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。（2023·吉林·统考一模）A revolution has recently taken place in behavioural biology. Its consequences are
far-reaching, both for our self-image as humans and for our relationship with animals. Just a few decades ago,
behavioural science was guided by two key beliefs: animals cannot think, and no scientific statements can be made
about their emotions. Today, the same discipline holds both ideas to be false and assumes the very opposite:
animals of some species are capable of insight – they can recognize themselves in a mirror and exhibit at least a
basic sense of self-awareness – and they have rich emotional lives that seem to be amazingly similar to those of
humans.
Indeed, the transformation of the concept of the animal in modern behavioural biology has been fundamental.
This has been confirmed by the death of a third belief: for decades, it was taught that animals behave for the good
of their species. Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that copies of their
own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will also kill
conspecifics. Clearly, they are not, as Jane Goodall had once famously hoped, ‘like us, but better’.
The border between humans and animals is also beginning to blur in other areas. Certain aspects of the social
environment can cause stress for both humans and animals, while other similar factors can relieve it. Indeed, animal
behaviour does not develop in a fixed manner: environmental influences, socialisation, and learning can change an
animal from the prenatal phase (胎儿期) through adulthood. Like humans, animals ultimately appear individualised
upon closer inspection.
However, such similarities across genes, brain structure, and the endocrine (内分泌的) system do not
automatically imply similarities concerning thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. To better understand these
characteristics, we need to look at specific studies in both animals and humans. In the case of animals, such studies
take place within the field of behavioural biology, which was properly defined by one of the fathers of the
discipline, the Nobel Prize winner Nikolaas Tinbergen, as ‘the study of behaviour by biological methods’.
29．According to the new research, some animals___________.
A．possess rich emotions. B．can hardly recognize themselves.
C．can show little self-awareness. D．are incapable of understanding.
30．It can be inferred that animals’ behavioural actions are mainly driven by __________.
A．their desire to protect their species.
B．their ability to recognize themselves in mirrors.
C．their urge to guarantee the gene transmission.
D．their eagerness to be socially interacted.
31．Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?
A．There’s a clear distinction between humans and animals.
B．Social environment may have an impact on animal behavior.
C．Animals will eventually become standardized.
D．Learning alone can shape animal behaviour altogether.
32．Which of the following titles best summarizes the article?A．Evolution of Views in Behavioral Biology: Typical Human, Typical Animal?
B．The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Study of Similarities and Differences with Humans
C．Understanding the Blurred Boundaries: The Human – Animal Connection in Modern Science
D．Past and Present: How Behavioral Biology Views Animals
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍近年来行为生物学领域的发展和研究成果，并探讨人类与动物之间的关系和
界限。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, the same discipline holds both ideas to be false and assumes the very
opposite: animals of some species are capable of insight – they can recognize themselves in a mirror and exhibit at
least a basic sense of self-awareness – and they have rich emotional lives that seem to be amazingly similar to those
of humans. (今天，同一学科认为两个信念都是错误的，并假定相反的观点：某些物种的动物能够进行深刻
的思考——它们能够在镜子中认出自己，并具有至少基本的自我意识，并且它们的丰富情感生活似乎与人
类惊人的相似。)”可知，根据这项新的研究，一些动物拥有丰富的情感。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that
copies of their own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they
will also kill conspecifics. (今天，我们知道情况并非如此。 相反，动物尽一切努力确保自己基因的副本以
最大的效率传递给下一代，在必要时，它们也会杀死同种动物。)”可推知，动物的行为主要由他们急于保
证基因的传播而驱动。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段“The border between humans and animals is also beginning to blur in other areas.
Certain aspects of the social environment can cause stress for both humans and animals, while other similar factors
can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviour does not develop in a fixed manner: environmental influences,
socialisation, and learning can change an animal from the prenatal phase (胎儿期) through adulthood. Like
humans, animals ultimately appear individualised upon closer inspection. (人类和动物之间的界限在其他领域也
开始模糊。一些社交环境因素可能会对人类和动物产生压力，而其他类似的因素则可以缓解压力。的确，
动物行为并非以固定方式发展：环境影响、社交化和学习可以从孕前阶段到成年期改变动物。与人类一样，
动物在更近距离的观察中最终呈现出个体化的特征。)”可知，社会环境可能对动物的行为产生影响。故选
B项。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A revolution has recently taken place in behavioural biology. Its consequences
are far-reaching, both for our self-image as humans and for our relationship with animals. Just a few decades ago,
behavioural science was guided by two key beliefs: animals cannot think, and no scientific statements can be made
about their emotions. Today, the same discipline holds both ideas to be false and assumes the very opposite:
animals of some species are capable of insight – they can recognize themselves in a mirror and exhibit at least a
basic sense of self-awareness – and they have rich emotional lives that seem to be amazingly similar to those of
humans. (最近，在行为生物学领域中发生了一场革命，其影响是深远的，不仅影响我们作为人类的自我形
象，也影响我们与动物的关系。仅几十年前，行为科学遵循两个主要信念：动物不能思考，对于它们的情感不能做出科学陈述。而今天，同一学科认为两个信念都是错误的，并假定相反的观点：某些物种的动物
能够进行深刻的思考——它们能够在镜子中认出自己，并具有至少基本的自我意识，并且它们的丰富情感
生活似乎与人类惊人的相似)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了行为生物学领域中观点的变化，并探讨
人类与动物之间的关系和界限，所以A项“Evolution of Views in Behavioral Biology: Typical Human, Typical
Animal?(行为生物学观点的进化：典型的人类，典型的动物?)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
（2023·吉林·统考一模）Behind the Mask
Wearing the face of Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means more than simply putting on a
tapel, or mask.
“When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you undergo a transformation,”says I Made Bandem,
a scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven decades. “You must’marry’that mask and make ritual
(仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside them,
so that they can learn its true character.”
Hand – carved tapel are essential to Topeng Pajegan and Topeng Panca, dance dramas often held at temple
festivals and family rituals across this Indonesian island. The masks, along with delicate costumes, music that
makes you sleep, and staccato movements – sometimes only of the fingers – have attracted Balinese audiences
since the 17th century. The stories staged in Pajegan and Panca tell the history of the Balinese people, and the
characters never change: Their appearance, movements, roles, and even the order in which they emerge remain the
same. Yet in spite of this structure, topeng leave room for a great deal of artistic freedom. With no written text and
no required musical arrangement, the entire performance which can last around four hours will be an improvisation
– dancers and musicians drawing signals from one another.
It’s believed that every mask used for performance has a spirit. And if the correct offerings and taboos have
been observed and the dancers have devoted themselves to mental, physical, and spiritual training, then during a
dance drama their bodies will become a medium for the tapel’s spirit.
“A dancer strives to achieve taksu, which is a combination of presence, power, and passion, ”says
Bandem.“This is what we pray for before we perform; it is through taksu that we bring the ancestors and their
stories to life.”
33．What can we learn about tapel from the first two paragraphs?
A．Tapel refers to a character’s name.
B．Tapel is supposed to be with the dancers all along.
C．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when worn by a dancer.
34．All the following can attract the audience at the dance dramas mentioned except________.
A．Well-designed costumes. B．Balinese stories. C．Uplifting music.D．Artistic
freedom.
35．Which one can better explain the meaning of “improvisation” in the third paragraph?
A．A performance created casually. B．A performance with full preparation.
C．A performance given perfectly terribly. D．A performance without deliberate preparation.36．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Taksu is a Balinese dancer’s pursuit. B．The story behind the mask.
C．Tapel’s spirit is impossible to overlook. D．Taksu is a medium to connect the past and the present.
【答案】33．C 34．C 35．D 36．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过讲述舞者身穿特殊的面具来表演角色的转变过程，强调了与面具的融合
和祭祀仪式所带来的身心统一。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段““When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you undergo a
transformation,”says I Made Bandem, a scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven decades. “You
must’marry’that mask and make ritual(仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the tapel. Many dancers
will sleep with the mask beside them, so that they can learn its true character.”(“当你戴上tapel并扮演它的角色时，
你会经历一种变身，”巴厘岛艺术的学者和教师兼已舞蹈家七十年的I Made Bandem说。“你必
须‘嫁’给那个面具，并进行仪式祭祀，以在你和tapel之间创造统一。许多舞者会把面具放在身旁睡觉，
以便了解它的真正性格。”)”可推知，tapel在舞者和真实人物之间架起了一座桥梁。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hand – carved tapel are essential to Topeng Pajegan and Topeng Panca, dance
dramas often held at temple festivals and family rituals across this Indonesian island. The masks, along with
delicate costumes, music that makes you sleep, and staccato movements – sometimes only of the fingers – have
attracted Balinese audiences since the 17th century.(手工雕刻的tapel是Topeng Pajegan和Topeng Panca的重要
组成部分，这些舞蹈剧通常在这个印度尼西亚岛屿上举行的寺庙节日和家庭仪式上。面具加上精致的服装、
催眠的音乐和断奏的动作，有自17世纪以来吸引巴厘岛的观众)”可知，吸引观众的是催眠的音乐，而不是
令人振奋的音乐。故选C项。
35．词句猜测题。根据前文“With no written text and no required musical arrangement(没有书面文本，没有
所需的音乐安排)”可知，表演是没有书面文本，没有所需的音乐安排，所以推知improvisation意为“即兴
表演”，所以D项“A performance without deliberate preparation.(未经准备的表演)”是对improvisation的解
释。故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““A dancer strives to achieve taksu, which is a combination of presence,
power, and passion, ”says Bandem.“This is what we pray for before we perform; it is through taksu that we bring
the ancestors and their stories to life.”(“舞者要努力实现taksu，这是存在感、力量和激情的结合，”Bandem
说。“这是我们在表演之前祈祷的东西，正是通过taksu，我们让祖先和他们的故事活灵活现。”)”可知，
本段主要讲述了Taksu是巴厘舞者的追求。故选A项。
（2024·海南·校联考一模）Auke-Florian Hiemstra is a Dutch scientist who studies how wild animals use
materials made by humans. “Almost anything can become part of a bird nest,” he says. But he was surprised when
someone at a hospital in Antwerp, Belgium sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest. The top of the nest had thin
metal spikes (刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”, which are usually placed on
buildings to prevent birds from landing. But this time, the birds used the spikes to make a nest.In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were
magpie nests; others were made by crows (乌鸦). “These are the craziest bird nests I’ve ever seen,” says Mr.
Hiemstra. Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related, and are famous for
being able to solve challenging problems.
But the birds didn’t use the spikes in exactly the same ways. The crows used the spikes on the inside of their
nests to help make the nests more stable. Magpies have to worry about other birds, including crows, stealing their
eggs. Normally, they use thorny (多刺的) branches to build a spiky rounded cover over their nests. But in this case,
they appeared to use the spikes like humans do—putting them on top of their nests to keep other birds from
landing. Mr. Hiemstra says the magpie nest found in Antwerp had about 1, 500 spikes in it.
It’s common for birds to use all kinds of man-made materials in their nests, which can both help and hurt the
birds. For example, chemicals from cigarette butts can keep insect pests away, but they can also poison the birds.
Bits of string may help birds build nests, but baby birds can get trapped in them. It’s not clear if spikes in nests
cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common than we know.
37．What was Auke-Florian Hiemstra surprised at?
A．Wild animals can use man-made materials.
B．Anything can become a part of a bird nest.
C．Magpies will make nests on top of a hospital.
D．Birds use anti-bird spikes to build their nests.
38．What are crows and magpies famous for?
A．Having a close relationship.
B．Being smart enough to overcome trouble.
C．Making the craziest bird nests by themselves.
D．Going through anti-bird spikes into buildings.
39．Why do crows use anti-bird spikes?
A．To build a cover over their nests. B．To keep other birds from landing.
C．To further strengthen their nests. D．To protect their eggs from magpies.
40．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The commonness of birds using man-made materials.
B．The risk that birds using man-made materials.
C．The diversity of materials birds might choose for their nests.
D．The advantages and disadvantages of birds using man-made materials.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．C 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。欧洲科学家发现，喜鹄和乌鸦正在使用一种不寻常的材料筑巢——一种人类
旨在让鸟类远离建筑物而使用的尖刺。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But he was surprised when someone at a hospital in Antwerp, Belgium senthim a picture of magpie(喜鹊) nest. The top of the nest had thin metal spikes(刺)pointing out all over.(但当比利时
安特卫普一家医院的人发给他一张喜鹊窝的照片时，他感到很惊讶。巢的顶部布满了细细的金属尖刺。)”
可知，奥克-弗洛里安·希姆斯特拉惊讶于鸟用“防鸟刺”筑自己的巢。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are
related, and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.(喜鹊和乌鸦是出了名的聪明。这两种鸟类
有亲缘关系，并以能够解决具有挑战性的问题而闻名。)” 可知，喜鹊和乌鸦以聪明且能够解决棘手的问题
而闻名。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The crows used the spikes on the inside of their nests to help make the nests
more stable.(乌鸦用它们巢穴内部的尖刺来帮助巢穴更加稳定。)” 可知，乌鸦把尖刺用在鸟巢内部使其更
坚固。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。通读最后一段“It’s common for birds to use all kinds of man-made materials in their nests,
which can both help and hurt the birds. For example, chemicals from cigarette butts can keep insect pests away, but
they can also poison the birds. Bits of string may help birds build nests, but baby birds can get trapped in them. It’s
not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common than we know.(鸟类在
鸟巢中使用各种人造材料是很常见的，这对鸟类既有益又有害。例如，烟头中的化学物质可以赶走害虫，
但它们也会毒害鸟类。细绳可以帮助鸟类筑巢，但幼鸟可能会被困在里面。目前还不清楚鸟巢中的尖刺是
否会给鸟类带来任何问题。但它可能比我们所知道的更普遍。)”可知，本段主要说明鸟类使用人造材料筑
巢的利弊。故选D。
（2024·吉林长春·统考一模）For all of human history, eating meat has meant killing animals. But scientists
behind lab-grown meat say that’s no longer necessary. They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an
animal’s body.
Lab-grown meat, also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to
animal cells in steel tanks in labs. The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat. And unlike other
meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients, lab-grown meat is real meat. When
ready, the meat is formed into shapes such as sausages or nuggets (块), and looks, smells and tastes like any other
grocery store version,
Recently, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has given two companies approval
to sell lab-grown chicken. The approval launches a new era of meat production aimed at eliminating harm to
animals, and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing (放牧) and growing feed for animals. Scientists warn
that the typical way meat is produced now, in concentrated animal feeding operations, is a risk factor for the
emergence of diseases. Lab-grown meat is more sustainable and can be produced without antibiotics, and without
producing greenhouse gas emissions linked to animal agriculture.
“Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change. But don’t expect to see cultivated meat
in grocery stores just yet,” said Uma Valeti, CEO of UPSIDE Foods. Lab-grown chicken is much more expensive,
because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat.
“To make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high,” said Bruce Friedrich, president and founder of the
Good Food Institute, a nonprofit group that promotes alternative proteins. However, the disadvantage of highenergy needs will be offset by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits. If cultured meat is produced
on a large scale, it could also offer a solution to feeding the world’s growing population.
41．What do we know about lab-grown meat?
A．It is abundant in plant proteins.
B．It can be bought in grocery stores.
C．It is generated from animals’ cells.
D．It tastes more delicious than traditional meat.
42．What is the potential benefit of lab-grown meat?
A．Higher safety for eating.
B．Lower costs for restaurants.
C．Improvements in traditional agriculture.
D．Positive impacts on climate change and animals.
43．What problem does the author mention in paragraph 4?
A．It is hard to produce lab-grown meat in quantity.
B．The USDA doesn’t approve the sale of lab-grown meat.
C．Many people raise doubts about the safety of lab-grown meat.
D．Lab-grown meat can disturb competition in the meat industry.
44．What does the underlined word “offset” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Balanced. B．Satisfied. C．Increased. D．Exchanged.
【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 44．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了实验室培育的肉所带来的益处和问题。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Lab-grown meat, also called “cell-cultivated” or “cultured” meat, is made by
feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs. (实验室培育的肉，也称为“细胞培养”或“培
养”肉，是通过在实验室的钢罐中向动物细胞喂食混合营养物质制成的)”可知，实验室培育的肉是从动物
细胞中培养出来的。故选C项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Lab-grown meat is more sustainable and can be produced without
antibiotics, and without producing greenhouse gas emissions linked to animal agriculture.( 实验室培育的肉类更
具可持续性，可以在不使用抗生素的情况下生产，也不会产生与畜牧业相关的温室气体排放)”可知，人造
肉潜在的益处在于其能对气候变化产生积极影响。故选D项。
43．细节理解题。根据第四段“Lab-grown chicken is much more expensive, because it cannot yet be produced
on the scale of traditional meat.(实验室培育的鸡肉要贵得多，因为它还不能像传统肉类那样生产)”可知，很
难大规模生产实验室培育的肉类。故选A项。
44．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“To make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high(为了制造人造肉，能
源消耗需求很高)”以及下文“by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits(减少土地和水的使用以
及其他利益)”可知，这些高能源需求将被减少土地和水的使用以及其他利益所抵消。由此推知，划线词的意思是“抵消”。故选A项。
（2024·广东肇庆·统考一模）Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in
an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill
a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically
identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a
laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are
subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously
monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National
University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.
This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because
disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so
testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other
infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW)
sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular
kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in
the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a
signal to a smartphone.
Thus far, the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the
material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose
wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.
45．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The harm of common wounds.
B．The treatment of infected wounds.
C．The intervention on wound healing.
D．The dilemma of infection observation.
46．How does the WINDOW sensor detect infections?
A．By comparing wound acidity.
B．By detecting the DNase enzyme.
C．By measuring the bacteria amount.
D．By observing changes in wound color.
47．What can we expect of the WINDOW sensor in the future?
A．It will cut down the length of infection-treating.
B．It could reduce the cost of infection observation.
C．It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely.D．It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds.
48．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Innovations in Wound Infection Detection
B．Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds
C．Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing
D．Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment
【答案】45．D 46．B 47．C 48．A
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够检测识别伤口感染的新设备。
45．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing
a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭)it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow
down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be
physically present.”（医疗专业人员通常通过打开和观察伤口或通过擦拭伤口并进行实验室测试来识别感染。
但是去除伤口敷料会减缓愈合过程；此外，观察是主观的，而棉签测试需要时间，并且需要患者亲自到
场。）可知，第一段主要表达了医疗人员所用的观察识别感染的方法，在实施过程中还是有一定困难和弊
端的，可见是处于困境中。故选D。
46．推理判断题。根据第三段“The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing
bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the
substance reduces the chance of a false positive result.”（这种酶是一种可靠的感染指标，因为伤口内的致病细
菌会大量产生这种酶，而健康皮肤上的细菌则不会，因此检测这种物质可以减少假阳性结果的可能性。）
和“The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was
detailed in Science Advances.”（这种新的警报系统被称为“伤口无线感染检测”(WINDOW)传感器，详细内
容发表在《科学进展》杂志上。）可知，WINDOW是通过检测DNase酶来检测感染的。故选B。
47．推理判断题。根据第四段“They connected this gel(凝胶)to a chip that senses when the gel responds by
sending a signal to a smartphone.”（他们将这种凝胶连接到一个芯片上，该芯片通过向智能手机发送信号来
感知凝胶的反应。）可知，在未来，WINDOW感应器可以通过智能手机来持续地进行远程监控伤口情况。
故选C。
48．主旨大意题。根据第二段“To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit
under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, ”（为了解决这些问题，一些研究团队正在
开发一种设备，这种设备可以放在绷带下，持续监测感染的间接迹象）和“And scientists at the National
University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.”（新加坡国立大学的科学家们现
在发明了一种更直接的感染传感器。）以及下文对这种设备的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了一种检测伤口感
染的新的设备，是伤口感染检测的创新。所以用A项“Innovations in Wound Infection Detection”作为本文的
标题与文章主题相符合。故选A。
（2023·山西吕梁·校联考一模）It wasn’t until 1985 that an exploration led by Robert Ballard and Jean-Louis Michel discovered the Titanic’s final resting place. Shortly after, Ballard urged the U. S. Congress to declare
the ruins to be a memorial. In July 1986, Ballard placed a plaque (牌匾) on the ship, asking that the site be left
undisturbed in memory of the more than 1, 500 people who died there.
But that didn’t happen. More than a century after the ship’s sinking, interest in the Titanic is insatiable.
Although most satisfy their curiosity by visiting the museums, exhibitions, and permanent collections around the
world dedicated to the ruins, those able to pay for a ticket desire to see it for themselves.
The first official salvage (打捞) effort was undertaken by the Titanic Ventures Limited Partnership (TVLP)
and L’Institut Francais de Recherche pour 1’Exploitation de la Mer in 1987, when around 1, 800 items of treasure
were collected and conserved. In 1992, a federal court ruled TVLP was the first and exclusive salvager of the
Titanic— though in following decades, the company pushed for more. The company has conducted eight
explorations to the Titanic while giving rise to a small but pricey tourism market. Researchers, salvagers, and even
filmmakers like James Cameron, who directed the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic, have made countless trips to the
wreck. And for a pretty penny, tourists have been able to go too.
The Titanic was damaged significantly upon impact with the seabed, and slowly, iron-eating bacteria is
consuming what remains. Less than a decade after it was found, rapid worsening was being noticed. In 2019, a dive
confirmed huge portions of the ship were collapsing.
Today the surrounding site is littered with trash, including beer and soda bottles, chains, and cargo nets from
salvage efforts. Visitors have also littered the area with plaques and memorials. In 2001, a couple was even married
in a submersible resting on the Titanic’s bow.
49．What was Ballard’s purpose of planting a plaque on the Titanic?
A．To protect the sunk wreck. B．To build a marine memorial.
C．To honor his dead teammates. D．To prepare for next discovery.
50．What does the underlined word “insatiable” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Easily satisfied.B．On the decline. C．Growing steadily. D．Under criticism.
51．What is the feature of the journey to the Titanic?
A．It is mostly for treasure. B．It is money-consuming.
C．It is filmmaker-targeted. D．It is accessible to most people.
52．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Salvage efforts are in vain. B．The ship is loaded with trash.
C．Visitors do damage to the ship. D．Underwater wedding enjoys popularity.
【答案】49．A 50．C 51．B 52．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自泰坦尼克号的遗址被人类发现以来，人们就渴望潜入深海亲
眼目睹它的芳容，但是这也对它造成了不利的影响。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“In July 1986, Ballard placed a plaque on the ship, asking that the
site be left undisturbed in memory of the more than 1,500 people who died there.(1986年7月，巴拉德在船上放置了一块牌匾，要求该遗址保持原状，以纪念1500多名遇难者)”可知，Ballard在船上树立牌匾的目的是为
了要求该遗址保持原状，也就是为了保护这个遗迹。故选A。
50．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面“Although most satisfy their curiosity by visiting the museums, exhibitions,
and permanent collections around the world dedicated to the ruins, those able to pay for a ticket desire to see it for
themselves.(尽管大多数人通过参观世界各地的博物馆、展览和专门用于废墟的永久藏品来满足他们的好奇
心，但那些有能力买票的人希望自己去看)”可知，人们对于泰坦尼克号的兴趣没有因为看到与它有关的展
览而得到满足，人们对泰坦尼克号的兴趣在不断增长，推测换线单词的意思为“稳步增长”。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“The company has conducted eight explorations to the Titanic while
giving rise to a small but pricey tourism market. Researchers, salvagers, and even filmmakers like James Cameron,
who directed the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic, have made countless trips to the wreck. And for a pretty penny,
tourists have been able to go too.(该公司已经对泰坦尼克号进行了八次探索，同时创造了一个小而昂贵的旅
游市场。研究人员、打捞人员，甚至像詹姆斯·卡梅隆这样的电影制作人，曾执导过1997年的大片《泰坦
尼克号》，都曾无数次前往沉船。只要花一大笔钱，游客们也可以去)”可知，提供给少数人的亲眼目睹泰
坦尼克号的旅行是昂贵的。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句话“Today the surrounding site is littered with trash, including beer and
soda bottles, chains, and cargo nets from salvage efforts. Visitors have also littered the area with plaques and
memorials. In 2001, a couple was even married in a submersible resting on the Titanic’s bow. (如今，周围的场地
到处都是垃圾，包括啤酒和苏打水瓶、链条和打捞工作中的货物网。游客们还在该地区到处乱扔牌匾和纪
念物。2001年，一对夫妇甚至在泰坦尼克号船头的潜水器上举行了婚礼)”可知，游客们在泰坦尼克号遗迹
周围乱扔垃圾，甚至还有人在那里举办婚礼。由此可推知，游客们对其造成了损害。故选C。
