专题 02 阅读理解说明文
目录：
1. 2024年1月20号九省联考真题
2. 2024年1月九省名校新题一模试题速递
一 2024年九省联考真题
B
Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are
looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function
in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common
predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the
day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks.
Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to
defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and
behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not
subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from
a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake
in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important
to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve
their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird
more flexible and adaptable to change.
4. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild?
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
5. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk?
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
.
C To protect the young. D. To play dead.
6. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot?
A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly.
.
7 What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and
improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭
击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体
生活，故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively
(本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做
出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear
responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the
same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的
鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能形状
奇怪，使鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such
as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in yourhouse more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食
物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively
harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a
hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用
品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”
以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It
is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and
improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make
your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小
的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食
和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作
目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。
C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the
conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for
arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and
social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights,
verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be
feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents
hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of
thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an
argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with
someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess
its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require
effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in
the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and
work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasonedexchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature
of what it means to “win” an argument.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments?
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author?
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of
arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing
in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人
和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的
看法持批判态度，故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even
when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just
competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你
赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知， 很多
人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点
提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a
reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the
very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或
网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变
了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选
D。
D
,
For lots of kids toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids
learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together
also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格).
Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other
children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State
University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form
of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how
much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a
normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules.
That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering
frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how
he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares
or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express
how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to
get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
12. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior?
A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games.
13. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids?A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules.
14. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4?
A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达
友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积
极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is
markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in
Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a
friend’s behavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显
不同。哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是
模仿朋友的行为)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to
take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they
are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。
这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此
重要的原因，当您制定这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中
设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so
sad?”)(首先帮助孩子学会同情（(本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心?”）)”以及“then suggest how he couldresolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”)(然后建议他如何解决这个问题
(“如果你让他打球，也许他会感觉好些。”))”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会
同情并解决问题，故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies
show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers
and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and
cooperation(对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的关
系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如
友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so
important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders
of what they are(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定
限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Another way to encourage
healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel.( 另一种鼓励健
康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩
子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。
二 2024年1月九省名校新题速递
1.【2024届河南省三门峡市高三上学期第一次大练习试题】
These days, it’s not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers
wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It’s becoming more
and more common to see adults taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally
associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult.
What lies behind the phenomenon? One is about adults’ nostalgia(怀旧之情) for the carefree days of
childhood, and this is especially true with today’s fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change
in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on
themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can
afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.Businesses have been quick to exploit the kidult trend, and the number of toy stores that target adults has
risen. Companies are repackaging products from past decades and also bringing out new ones for adults. Lego, for
example, has brought out an architectural series featuring landmarks from around the world.
Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a
sign of social immaturity and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are
suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly(异常) that people remain
emotionally at the level of teenagers. On a grander scale, these kidult opponents argue that such delayed adulthood
causes couples to marry later and have fewer children. This in turn can lead to shrinking national economies, for
there needs to be a generational replenishment(补充) of the workforce.
From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist
that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society’s
acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed
adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational
requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.
Whether the kidult phenomenon will continue to grow or prove to be a passing trend is anyone’s guess. As the
debate about it continues, remember that there is nothing wrong with being young at heart.
8．What does the kidult phenomenon refer to?
A．Adults act like children. B．Adults like playing with children.
C．Adults go in for collecting toys. D．Adults have child-like tastes.
9．Which of the following might cause the emergence of kidults?
A．High pressure of modern life. B．More choices about toys.
C．Different living conditions. D．Good memories of childhood.
10．What does the underlined word “exploit” probably mean?
A．Get used to. B．Look forward to.
C．Make way for. D．Take advantage of.
11．How does the text deal with the debate about kidults?
A．By strongly opposing kidult opponents.
B．By refusing to take a stand on the issue.
C．By presenting both sides of the argument.
D．By convincing readers to accept kidults.【答案】8．D 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今社会，成年人对玩具、漫画书以及传统上与孩子有关的活
动产生兴趣的现象越来越普遍并且这种现象背后的原因及社会上对这种现象的不同看法。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s becoming more and more common to see adults taking an interest in
toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise
to a new word: kidult.(成年人对玩具、漫画书以及传统上与孩子有关的活动产生兴趣的现象越来越普遍。这
种现象催生了一个新词：kidult)”可知，“成人孩童化现象”指的是成年人有孩子般的品味。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One is about adults’ nostalgia for the carefree days of childhood, and this is
especially true with today’s fast-paced, stressful lifestyles.(一个原因是成人对童年的无忧无虑的日子的怀旧之
情以及当今快节奏和紧张的生活方式)”可知，导致成人孩童化出现的原因是现代生活的高压。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据下文“and the number of toy stores that target adults has risen.(针对成年人的玩具店数
量也有所增加。)”可知，企业迅速利用了这一趋势，这使得针对成年人的玩具店数量也有所增加。Exploit
意为“利用”与D项：Take advantage of（利用）意思一致。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside
childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity and irresponsibility. Those who agree with
this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan
Syndrome, an anomaly that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers.(传统上社会不赞成那些拒绝把童
年兴趣放在一边的成年人，认为这种拒绝是社会不成熟和不负责任的表现。那些赞成这种观点的人有时声
称儿童成年人患有流行心理学概念称为彼得潘综合症疾病，一种人们保持情感上的青少年水平的异常)”可
知，文章通过提出赞成和不赞成两个方面来处理有关成年儿童的辩论。即通过提出正反两方面的论点进行
辩论。故选C项。
2.【2024届贵州省六校联盟高三联考模拟】
Check your drawer, and you may find several electronic device chargers, many of which you no longer use.
The European Union proposed a new regulation that would solve this problem by requiring all small electronics
(including phones and cameras) to have the one-size-fits-all charging port (端口). All such electronics sold in the
EU would need to switch to the USB-C standard within two years.
Officials claim this standard not only increases convenience for consumers but also cuts down on e-waste.
Critics claim the move will stifle innovation. The true impact of the new regulation, however, may not be as simple
as either side suggests.“The relative reduction in the amount of e-waste is probably going to be relatively small,” says Callie Babbitt,
a professor of sustainability. “But the bigger potential is that this will require producers to think about the design
that is user-friendly.”
There are two benefits of this strategy. The first is the direct benefit of no longer having to throw away a
charger. The bigger benefit might be more indirect: This is potentially something that might enable a change in
consumer behavior. If your charger still works, maybe that’s a sign that the product still works, and you can keep
using it. And there might be some indirect benefit on consumers continuing to repair and to extend the lifespan of
the products.
How can standardization have this indirect benefit? With standardized components, all the parts are the same.
In my lab, we have an enormous bench full of tools of all sizes and shapes—because that’s what’s needed to access
the components inside electronics. Without design standardization, a business trying to work in the reuse field has
to spend more on labor and costs to do the valuable work.
No single policy can effectively address the problem of e-waste. It will take a joint effort. Policy plays a key
role. Producers play a key role. But we also have to change the way products can be repaired. And we have to
educate consumers on how to participate in the system.
8．What does the underlined part “one-size-fits-all” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Ordinary. B．Unique.C．Common. D．Suitable.
9．What is the benefit of the EU’s strategy for charging port according to the text?
A．It might promote innovation.
B．It might prolong the service life of products.
C．It will result in a significant decrease in e-waste.
D．It will help charger producers reduce the costs of production.
10．What’s the writer’s purpose in mentioning the bench in his lab?
A．To show how complicated their work is.
B．To indicate the necessity for standardization.
C．To demonstrate the difficulty of doing valuable work.
D．To provide a means for accessing electronic components.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Standardized Design Is Beneficial
B．The EU’s New USB-C Standard Port Is NecessaryC．The Problem of E-waste Is in Need of a Joint Effort
D．The Chargers of All Small Electronics Should Be Harmonized
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了欧盟提出了一项新规定，要求所有小型电子产品（包括手机和相
机）使用相同类型的充电端口，以解决电子设备充电器带来过多垃圾的问题。对此不同的人有不同的看
法。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“All such electronics sold in the EU would need to switch to the USB-C standard
within two years.(在欧盟销售的所有此类电子产品都需要在两年内切换到USB-C标准)”以及划线词上文
“The European Union proposed a new regulation that would solve this problem by requiring all small electronics
(including phones and cameras) to have the”可知，欧盟提出了一项新规定，要求所有小型电子产品（包括手
机和相机）都有一个通用的充电端口，推测划线词的意思是“共同的，共用的”。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“If your charger still works, maybe that’s a sign that the product still works, and
you can keep using it. And there might be some indirect benefit on consumers continuing to repair and to extend the
lifespan of the products.(如果你的充电器还能用，也许这是产品还能用的标志，你可以继续使用它。消费者
继续维修和延长产品的使用寿命可能会有一些间接的好处)”可知，欧盟的充电端口战略的好处是可能会延
长产品的使用寿命。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With standardized components, all the parts are the same. In my lab, we
have an enormous bench full of tools of all sizes and shapes—because that’s what’s needed to access the
components inside electronics. Without design standardization, a business trying to work in the reuse field has to
spend more on labor and costs to do the valuable work.(有了标准化的部件，所有的部件都是一样的。在我的实
验室里，我们有一个巨大的工作台，上面摆满了各种尺寸和形状的工具——因为这是接触电子元件所需要
的。如果没有设计标准化，试图在重用领域工作的企业必须花费更多的人力和成本来完成有价值的工作)”
可推知，作者提到他实验室里的工作台，目的是指出标准化的必要性。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The European Union proposed a new regulation that would solve this problem
by requiring all small electronics (including phones and cameras) to have the one-size-fits-all charging port (端口).
All such electronics sold in the EU would need to switch to the USB-C standard within two years.(欧盟提出了一
项新规定，要求所有小型电子产品（包括手机和相机）都有一个通用的充电端口，以解决这个问题。在欧
盟销售的所有此类电子产品都需要在两年内切换到USB-C标准)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要说明了欧盟
提出了一项新规定，要求所有小型电子产品（包括手机和相机）使用相同类型的充电端口，以解决电子设
备充电器带来过多垃圾的问题。对此不同的人有不同的看法。可知，D选项“所有小型电子产品的充电器都应该统一”最符合文章标题。故选D。
3.【2024届甘肃省白银市高三上学期联考一模英语试题】
Denmark retired after practicing medicine for 73 years and then volunteered her services until she couldn’t
anymore. She died at the age of 114.
I met her by phone when the pediatrician (儿科医生) couldn’t figure out what was wrong with my baby. On
the phone, she talked with me for more than 30 minutes. I took her advice, and my baby was better about 10 days
later. She never charged me.
“You keep on doing what you do best as long as you can,” she was famous for the words. And it turned out her
advice about actively helping others was as good as her medical advice.
Obviously, we can’t all live as long as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shown that volunteering provides
a longevity boost similar to the effects of adding multiple servings of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.
Specifically, older adults who volunteer are at 24 percent less risk of early death. The positive impact of giving and
volunteering on older people goes beyond that. According to the research, adults over 55 who give their time for
others have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline
leading to dementia (痴呆).
According to a new study in the Journal of Happiness Studies, people who volunteer report higher levels of
happiness and life satisfaction. The study took it a second step and followed people who began volunteering—
monitoring their responses from the time they started volunteering. The longer they volunteered and the more they
volunteered, the greater level of happiness they reported.
You may already be volunteering your time. But if you’re not, consider the charities you support. Think about
the skills you might be able to offer them. You are likely to be glad about what you do.
8．What can we infer about Denmark?
A．She retired at the age of 73. B．She volunteered for 73 years.
C．She was patient and professional. D．She once forget to charge the author.
9．How many benefits of volunteering are mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
10．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A．Seek support. B．Advise about sharpening skills.
C．Offer solutions. D．Encourage people to volunteer.11．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The kindness of a doctor. B．The benefits of volunteering.
C．The process of being a volunteer. D．The struggle of child-raising.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述了“志愿服务的好处”，同时鼓励人们做志愿者。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Denmark retired after practicing medicine for 73 years and then volunteered
her services until she couldn’t anymore.”（丹麦在行医73年后退休，然后自愿服务，直到她不能再做了。）
可知，关于丹麦我们可以推断出她既耐心又专业。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“volunteering provides a longevity boost similar to the effects of adding
multiple servings of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet. Specifically, older adults who volunteer are at 24
percent less risk of early death. The positive impact of giving and volunteering on older people goes beyond that.
According to the research, adults over 55 who give their time for others have an easier time with everyday tasks.
Besides, volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline leading to dementia (痴呆).”（志愿服务可以延
长寿命，就像在日常饮食中添加多种水果和蔬菜一样。具体来说，做志愿者的老年人早死的风险降低了
24%。给予和志愿服务对老年人的积极影响远不止于此。根据这项研究，55岁以上的成年人把时间花在了
别人身上，他们在处理日常任务时更容易。此外，志愿者的认知能力下降导致痴呆的几率减少了
250%。）可知，第4段提到了志愿服务的3个好处。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You may already be volunteering your time. But if you’re not, consider the
charities you support. Think about the skills you might be able to offer them. You are likely to be glad about what
you do.”（你可能已经在做义工了。但如果你不是，考虑一下你支持的慈善机构。想想你能给他们提供什
么技能。你可能会为你所做的感到高兴。）可知，作者在最后一段试图鼓励人们做志愿者。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“According to a new study in the Journal of Happiness Studies, people who
volunteer report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.”（根据《幸福研究杂志》上的一项新研究，志
愿者的幸福感和生活满意度更高。）和最后一段“You may already be volunteering your time. But if you’re
not, consider the charities you support. Think about the skills you might be able to offer them. You are likely to be
glad about what you do.”（你可能已经在做义工了。但如果你不是，考虑一下你支持的慈善机构。想想你能
给他们提供什么技能。你可能会为你所做的感到高兴。）可知，这篇文章主要讲了“志愿服务的好处。”
故选B。
4.【2024届广西北海市高三上学期一模试题】Construction of Project Nexus is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2023. The 5-megawatt project will
consist of three sites along canals in central California with widths ranging from 20 feet to 100 feet.
If the pilot project proves solar canopies(檐篷) are a cost-effective way to produce clean energy and save
water, scores of similar installations could be built atop California’s canal network-one of the world’s largest water
distribution systems.
“This is a really exciting project,” California Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot said last month. “It
connects our efforts in California to improve water conservation and build drought resilience(抗旱能力) with the
clean energy transition we're driving across California.”
Project Nexus was inspired by a 2021 study by University of California researchers that was published in the
journal Nature Sustainability. Typically, 1%to 2% of the water that circulates through California's canals
evaporates(蒸发), a number that is expected to increase due to the climate crisis.
Using data from satellites, climate models, and automated weather stations, the peer-reviewed study estimated
that covering all of the approximately 4, 000 miles of California’s canals could extremely reduce evaporation,
saving 63 billion gallons of water annually —comparable to the amount of water required to irrigate 50, 000 acres
of farmland or meet the water needs of more than 2 million people.
Governor Gavin Newson has allocated additional funds to help local communities cope with water scarcity
and encourage Californians to use less water. “Research and common sense tell us that in an age of intensifying
drought, it's time to put a lid on evaporation,” said Jordan Harris, CEO of Solar AquaGrid, the company that is
building the solar canopies.
The study found solar canals would be able to generate 13 gigawatts of clean power, equal to approximately
one-sixth of the state's current installed solar capacity. This additional generation could help California achieve its
goal of supplying at least 60% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
32．What is the purpose of Project Nexus?
A．To enlarge the canal network throughout California.
B．To improve the quality of water used by local people.
C．To produce as much power as possible for California.
D．To help preserve California's declining water resources.
33．Where did the inspiration of Project Nexus come from?
A．A study published in a magazine. B．A clean water distribution system.
C．A peer-reviewed study evaluation. D．A sudden thought of the researchers.34．How does the author show the benefit brought by Project Nexus?
A．By making a comparison. B．By listing scientific data.
C．By clarifying the process. D．By explaining the reasons.
35．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Climate change has a great effect on the water conservation.
B．Large amounts of clean water were produced by Project Nexus.
C．Project Nexus is the first-ever solar panel development in the world.
D．California's “solar canals” will save water and produce clean energy.
【答案】32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了节约用水并生产清洁能源的加州“太阳能运河”项目。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“If the pilot project proves solar canopies(檐篷) are a cost-effective way to
produce clean energy and save water, scores of similar installations could be built atop California’s canal network-
one of the world’s largest water distribution systems.(如果这个试点项目证明太阳能顶篷是一种生产清洁能源
和节约用水的经济有效的方式，那么许多类似的装置将被建在加利福尼亚的运河网络上——世界上最大的
供水系统之一。)”可知，Nexus项目的目的是帮助保护加州日益减少的水资源。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Project Nexus was inspired by a 2021 study by University of California
researchers that was published in the journal Nature Sustainability. (Nexus项目的灵感来自加州大学研究人员
2021年发表在《自然可持续发展》杂志上的一项研究。)”可知，Nexus项目的灵感来自发表在杂志上的一
项研究。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据第五段“Using data from satellites, climate models, and automated weather stations, the
peer-reviewed study estimated that covering all of the approximately 4, 000 miles of California’s canals could
extremely reduce evaporation, saving 63 billion gallons of water annually —comparable to the amount of water
required to irrigate 50, 000 acres of farmland or meet the water needs of more than 2 million people. (利用卫星、
气候模型和自动气象站的数据，同行评议的研究估计，覆盖加州所有大约4000英里的运河可以极大地减少
蒸发，每年节省630亿加仑的水——相当于灌溉5万英亩农田或满足200多万人的用水需求。)”可知，作
者列举科学数据来展示Nexus项目带来的好处。故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“If the pilot project proves solar canopies(檐篷) are a cost-effective
way to produce clean energy and save water, scores of similar installations could be built atop California’s canal
network-one of the world’s largest water distribution systems. (如果这个试点项目证明太阳能檐篷是一种生产清
洁能源和节约用水的经济有效的方式，那么许多类似的装置将被建在加利福尼亚的运河网络上——世界上最大的供水系统之一。)”等内容可知，本文主要介绍了节约用水并生产清洁能源的加州“太阳能运河”项
目。故选D项。
5.【2024届吉林省白山市高三上学期一模试题】
In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese” and is a unique way of communicating with babies.
Classic baby talk will include speaking at a higher pitch, with exaggerated (夸张的) intonation, simplified
vocabulary, and repetitive phrases. It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions. Adults
also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point
of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d
talk to another adult?
Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The exaggerated vocalizations and facial
expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the
baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn
something.
Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The melodic and
nurturing tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving them a sense
of security.
Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for
this high-pitched, animated vocalization...babies love it when adults engage in baby talk. The study also revealed
that babies from almost all cultures have an inherent love for baby talk.
Newborns can’t speak, but they come ready to learn. Evidence suggests that human brains are primed to
absorb and process linguistic input. The melodic patterns and simplified language of baby talk help infants
differentiate speech sounds and identify keywords, facilitating more efficient language development.
However, it’s important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow
older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing
language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.
8．Which of the following is the characteristic of baby talk?
A．Vivid expressions. B．Rich information.
C．Complex grammar. D．Large vocabulary.
9．According to the passage, what’s the function of baby talk?A．To entertain adults. B．To form emotional bond.
C．To learn more about babies. D．To help babies understand the adult world.
10．What does the last paragraph focus on?
A．Describing a phenomenon. B．Offering advice.
C．Analyzing causes. D．Interpreting facts.
11．What is the passage mainly about?
A．What is baby talk? B．Why can’t adults talk like babies?
C．How do babies talk with adults? D．Why can’t adults talk normally to babies?
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因，并就婴儿语的使用提出建
议。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions.(它有旋
律的特质，加上夸张的面部表情)”可知，“生动的表情”是婴儿语的一个特征。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and
the baby.(婴儿语也有助于在成人和婴儿之间建立情感联系)”可知，婴儿语的作用是建立情感联系，故选
B。
10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“However, it’s important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal
adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in
understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.(然
而，随着婴儿年龄的增长和语言技能的发展，在婴儿语和正常的成人对话之间取得平衡是很重要的。随着
孩子们对语言的理解和表达越来越熟练，成年人也应该相应地调整和推进他们的沟通方式)”可知，本段是
说随着婴儿的成长，成年人要在婴儿语和正常的成人对话之间取得平衡，调整和推进与孩子的沟通方式。
由此可知，本段主要是就婴儿语的使用提建议。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d
talk to another adult?(为什么不用正常的语言和婴儿说话，就像我们和另一个成年人说话一样？)”可知，文
章解释了成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因。由此可知，D项“为什么成年人不正常地和婴儿说
话？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
6.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三第一次质量检测试题】
It turns out our plants are just like us in some ways. We turn to medicines to relieve a minor flu or headache,and plants too have their ways of self-medicating. They protect themselves from environmental hazards like
insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of
aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.
Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually
generated in response to the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller for aches and pains,
just like we do,” said plant biologist Wilhelmina van de ven from the University of California, River-side (U. C．
R)
“We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C． R.plant
geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial for the food supply in our increasingly hot, bright world.”
Human skin produces ROS (Reactive oxygen species) (活性氧) in the absence of sunscreen. This causes
freckles and burns. Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which, at high levels,
can cause death.
At low levels, however, ROS serves an essential function in plant cells. “ROS is a double-edged sword,” said
Wang. “At non-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call to action, enabling the production of protective
hormones ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts to protect the plants’ chloroplasts, known to be the site
of photosynthesis.
“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more
common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts
of climate change on everyday life,” said Katayoon Dehesh, UCR professor of molecular biochemistry.
“Those impacts go beyond our food. Plants being in trouble are a sign of what the future holds for us,” she
continued. “Plants clean our air by removing the carbon dioxide from it while also offering us shade, and providing
habitats for numerous animals. For humankind, the benefits of boosting plants’ ability to survive are becoming
increasingly essential.”
12．What is the main function of salicylic acid in plants?
A．To secure plants. B．To produce chloroplasts.
C．To relieve pain and inflammation. D．To generate hormones.
13．What is the main cause of ROS formation in plants?
A．Lack of sunscreen. B．Chloroplastic acid.
C．Environmental stresses. D．Use of Photosynthesis.
14．What is the main goal of the researchers at UCR?A．To explore the history and significance of aspirin in human medicine.
B．To invent a device that can make plants do self-medicating.
C．To compare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating.
D．To improve crop resistance by increasing plants’ ability to produce salicylic acid.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．Plants can be improved to resist environmental hazards.
B．Plants produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.
C．Plants and humans share some common features and needs.
D．Plants contribute to the well-being of humans and animals.
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危
害。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and
heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸).(它们通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危
害。)”可知，水杨酸在植物中的主要作用是保护植物，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly, environmental stresses result in the formation of ROS in plants which,
at high levels, can cause death.(同样，环境压力会导致植物体内ROS的形成，而这种ROS在高水平时可能导
致死亡。)”可知，植物中ROS形成的主要原因是环境压力。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段““We’d like to be able to use the finding to improve crop resistance (作物抗
性),” said U. C. R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang.(“我们希望能够利用这一发现来提高作物的抗性，”加州大
学洛杉矶分校植物遗传学家Jin-Zheng Wang说。)”和倒数第二段“With climate change, things like salicylic
acid: helping plants stand up to stresses have become more common. So, being able to increase plants’ ability to
produce it represents a step forward in challenging the impacts of climate change on everyday life(随着气候变
化，像水杨酸这样帮助植物抵抗压力的物质变得越来越普遍。因此，能够提高植物生产它的能力，代表着
在挑战气候变化对日常生活的影响方面迈出了一步)”可知，UCR研究人员的主要目标是通过增加植物产生
水杨酸的能力来提高作物的抗性，故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“They protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects,
drought and heat by producing salicylic acid (水杨酸). It is responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of aspirin,
a drug which has been used by humans for centuries to counter pain and inflammation.(它们通过产生水杨酸来保
护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害。它负责阿司匹林的抗炎作用，阿司匹林是一种被人类使用了几个世纪的药物，用于对抗疼痛和炎症。)”和第二段“Researchers have found that plants’ salicylic acid, which is
produced in chloroplasts (叶绿体), is usually generated in response to the stress caused by climate change.(研究人
员发现，植物叶绿体中产生的水杨酸通常是在应对气候变化造成的压力时产生的。)”可知，本文主要讲的
是植物通过产生水杨酸来保护自己免受昆虫、干旱和高温等环境危害，因此主旨大意是B选项“Plants
produce their own aspirin to cope with stress.(植物会分泌自己阿司匹林来应对压力)”。故选B。
7.【广西南宁市第三中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing
my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I
think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and
action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to
point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of
reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of
types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the
versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.
Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton
Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the
theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.
To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the
audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue
will tell you the story.
4．What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?
A．He has written dozens of plays. B．He has a deep love for the theater.
C．He is a professional stage actor. D．He likes reading short plays to others.
5．What does the author avoid doing in his work?
A．Stating the plays’ central ideas. B．Selecting works by famous playwrights.
C．Including various types of plays. D．Offering information on the playwrights.
6．What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?
A．Control their feelings. B．Apply their acting skills.C．Use their imagination. D．Keep their audience in mind.
7．What is this text?
A．A short story. B．An introduction to a book.
C．A play review. D．An advertisement for a theater.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的书籍的序言部分，包括其编写目的，书籍内容主体，以
及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“…and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing
my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，作者编辑这本书的最好的原因是希望与他人分享对戏剧的热
情，因此可知作者对于戏剧饱含热情。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays
in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and
the effectiveness of the playwright.”可知，作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样确实
会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。A项“Stating the plays”central ideas(陈述戏剧的
中心思想)”与原文表达信息一致。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“To get the most out of the reading these plays, try to picture the play on
stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.”可知，作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演，不再是读者而
是成为观众，才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。C项“Use their imagination”与原文“try to picture the play on the
stage”表达信息一致。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for
editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others”可知，该句内容应是书籍的“自
序”内容，且结合末尾“To get the most out of the reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you,
the reader, in the audience.”可知，在讲述如何更好地实现阅读乐趣，再结合全文内容可推知，作者通过该文
章介绍自己的一本书。故选B项。
8.【黑龙江省哈尔滨第一中学校长联合体2023-2024学年高三一模试题】
The groundbreaking Shaoxing Opera adaptation, New Dragon Gate Inn, captures the interest of a new
generation and brings the ancient art form for contemporary lifestyles back to life.
Unlike the traditional framed stage, the theater is designed as an inn, with the audience becoming guests. They
sit close to the performers, engaging with them, and immersing themselves in a unique and fascinating viewingexperience. “This places new demands on our performers,” said Xu Yena, who acts in the show as the A cast of Jin
Xiangyu, the landlady of the inn. “We need to abandon many of the stylized movements from traditional Shaoxing
Opera and learn from drama and film performances, adopting a more natural, authentic, and subtle acting style.”
Upon leaving the theater, these audience members feel a sense of satisfaction that prompts them to willingly
share short clips of the performance online. The fragmented (零碎的) content of performance has generated many
streams and clicks, leading to high demand for show tickets, especially among young audiences. “Now, the ticket
competition has become fierce and only those with fast internet access can get them,” said Chen Lijun, who plays
the important supporting role of Jia Ting.
As both Xiaobaihua (a Shaoxing Opera troupe (剧团)) and Japan’s renowned Takarazuka Revue are all-female
troupes, some internet users have drawn parallels between the two, likening Chen to “China’s Amami Yuki”, a
former acclaimed male-role actress in the Japanese troupe.
In response, Chen said, “All good performances are worth learning from. Our two troupes share many
similarities, but there are also fundamental differences, rooted in the cultural heritage of our respective theatrical
traditions.”
A report by Xinhua News Agency states that Generation Z makes up 74 percent of consumers of guochao
goods or China-chic goods last year. As a cultural product, New Dragon Gate Inn has successfully won the hearts of
the young generation due to the contemporary nature of the show.
“Shaoxing Opera once borrowed and learned from Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera. Today, we draw
inspiration from a broader range of artistic forms and expression techniques,” Xu said.
“New Dragon Gate Inn has successfully drawn many nontraditional theatergoers, particularly young people.
Seeking novelty has always been what Shaoxing Opera has been doing.”
8．Who became a new challenge for the performers while they were acting in Shaoxing Opera?
A．The internet users making comparison online.
B．The other troupe performing more natural and authentic.
C．The audience positioned right next to the performers.
D．The guests immersing themselves on the central stage.
9．How did Chen respond to her nickname “China’s Amami Yuki”?
A．By joyfully accepting it. B．By objectively clarifying it.
C．By politely denying it. D．By respectfully using it.
10．According to Xu Yena, Shaoxing Opera has made a positive step in regaining its popularity, mainly dependingon__________.
A．Adaptation and advertisement. B．Specially designed theater.
C．Actresses’ popularity online. D．Integration and innovation.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Generation Z Dominates The Market of Guocao.
B．New Dragon Gate Inn Returns to Live Stage.
C．Shaoxing Opera’s Modern Twist Wows Youth.
D．Nontraditional Theatergoers Flood into Theater.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越剧改编作品《新龙门客栈》抓住了新一代人的兴趣，并将
古老的艺术形式带回了当代生活方式。文章旨在引导学生关注传统文化，推动传统文化创新。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Unlike the traditional framed stage, the theater is designed as an inn, with the
audience becoming guests. They sit close to the performers, engaging with them, and immersing themselves in a
unique and fascinating viewing experience.(与传统的框架舞台不同，剧院被设计成一家客栈，观众成为客
人。他们坐在表演者身边，与他们互动，沉浸在独特而迷人的观看体验中)”和“This places new demands on
our performers(这对我们的表演者提出了新的要求)”可知，在越剧表演中，观众的位置就在演员旁边，这对
演员来说是一个新的挑战。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In response, Chen said, “All good performances are worth learning from.
Our two troupes share many similarities, but there are also fundamental differences, rooted in the cultural heritage
of our respective theatrical traditions.”(对此，陈说：“所有好的表演都值得我们学习。我们两个剧团有很多
相似之处，但也有根本的区别，这源于我们各自戏剧传统的文化遗产”)”可知，陈对于网友所给予的昵称
是在客观地进行解释和说明。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Shaoxing Opera once borrowed and learned from Peking Opera and
Kunqu Opera. Today, we draw inspiration from a broader range of artistic forms and expression techniques,” Xu
said.(徐说：“越剧曾向京剧和昆曲学习。今天，我们从更广泛的艺术形式和表现手法中汲取灵感”)”及最
后一段“Seeking novelty has always been what Shaoxing Opera has been doing.(求新是越剧一直在做的事情)”
可知，越剧在重新流行方面迈出了积极的一步，主要靠的是融合和创新。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“The groundbreaking Shaoxing Opera adaptation, New Dragon Gate
Inn, captures the interest of a new generation and brings the ancient art form for contemporary lifestyles back to
life.(开创性的越剧改编作品《新龙门客栈》抓住了新一代人的兴趣，并将古老的艺术形式带回了当代生活方式)”可知，本文主要围绕越剧与现代融合使得它成功赢得了年轻一代的心，故C项“Shaoxing Opera’s
Modern Twist Wows Youth.”作为标题最为合适。故选C项。
9.【江西省上饶市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
Many news reports focus on climate change these days. Extreme heat, wildfires, floods, homeless polar
bears... How do you feel when reading worrying news about climate change? You may believe that people are
becoming insensitive to the warming planet, accepting that it is only getting worse.
A research team at Pennsylvania State University, US, reported otherwise. To record how the news can impact
people’s emotions, participants were first exposed to negative news stories about climate change for three days.
They then continued to read negative news headlines for seven days. In the first three days, the participants
experienced greater fear and less hope, which can potentially hurt an audience’s belief that they can do anything to
tackle the problem.
However, during the seven-day-long exposure, the fear peaked and then held steady (稳定的). “We saw the
opposite pattern in our second study. The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day, the
more likely they are to think that they can make a difference in tackling climate change,” Christofer Skurka, the
paper’s lead author told the Pennsylvania State University website.
According to the researchers, one possibility is that when the public hears about climate change threats, they
may convince themselves that they have control over the situation. They will then believe that their actions may
make a difference.
Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step. According to a study that analyzed information
from 430 different studies, what motivates people the most to change their behavior is social comparison. For
example, if a person’s neighbors follow a low-carbon lifestyle, such as driving electric cars, the person may feel
social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior. This happens because people usually judge their
own behavior and follow social norms (规范). Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards to
consumers, helping them save money.
“There are so many routes to our goals,” Matthew Goldberg, the co-author of the study, told Scientific
American. As Goldberg pointed out, future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage
people to ward more climate-friendly habits.
24．How did the participants react to negative news in the second study?
A．They found the news unbelievable.B．They lost hope in tackling climate change.
C．They experienced greater fear for the future.
D．They felt a strong sense of social responsibility.
25．What encourages people most toward more climate-friendly behavior?
A．Effective policy. B．Healthy lifestyle.
C．Social influence. D．Financial support.
26．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Responses to climate change education.
B．T he effectiveness of community initiatives.
C．T he impact of social norms on environment.
D．Ways to encourage climate-friendly behavior.
27．What is Goldberg’s attitude towards similar future research?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
【答案】24．D 25．C 26．D 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公众读到气候变化威胁的负面新闻的反应，并介绍了鼓励气候友
好型行为的方法。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study. The more exposure people had
to these threatening news stories each day, the more likely they are to think that they can make a difference in
tackling climate change,(我们在第二项研究中看到了相反的模式。人们每天接触这些威胁性新闻的次数越
多，他们就越有可能认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面有所作为)”可知，在第二项研究中，参与者面对负
面新闻，认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面有所作为，即他们感受到强烈的社会责任感。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the researchers, one possibility is that when the public hears about
climate change threats, they may convince themselves that they have control over the situation. They will then
believe that their actions may make a difference.(根据研究人员的说法，一种可能性是，当公众听到气候变化
威胁时，他们可能会说服自己，他们可以控制局势。然后，他们会相信自己的行动可能会有所不同)”以及
第五段“According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies, what motivates people the
most to change their behavior is social comparison.(根据一项分析430项不同研究信息的研究，最能激励人们
改变他们行为的是社会比较)”可知，人们可能会说服自己采取环保的行为，最能激励人们改变自己行为的
是社会比较，即社会影响。故选C。
26．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step. According to a studythat analyzed information from 430 different studies, what motivates people the most to change their behavior is
social comparison. For example, if a person’s neighbors follow a low-carbon lifestyle, such as driving electric cars,
the person may feel social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior. This happens because people
usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms (规范). Another effective motivation is providing
financial rewards to consumers, helping them save money. (知道每个人都有能力提供帮助只是第一步。根据一
项分析430项不同研究信息的研究，最能激励人们改变行为的是社会比较。例如，如果一个人的邻居遵循
低碳生活方式，例如驾驶电动汽车，该人可能会感到社会压力，并更有可能遵循这种行为。之所以会发生
这种情况，是因为人们通常会评判自己的行为并遵循社会规范。另一个有效的动机是向消费者提供经济奖
励，帮助他们省钱)”可知，本段主要介绍了鼓励人们采取环保行为的方法，即鼓励气候友好型行为的方
法。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There are so many routes to our goals,” Matthew Goldberg, the co-author
of the study, told Scientific American. As Goldberg pointed out, future research like this can help policymakers
decide how best to encourage people to ward more climate-friendly habits.(该研究的合著者马修·戈德堡告诉
《科学美国人》杂志：“实现我们的目标有很多途径。正如戈德堡指出的那样，未来的研究可以帮助政策
制定者决定如何最好地鼓励人们养成更有利于气候的习惯。”)”可知，对类似的未来研究持有乐观的态
度。故选B。
10.【新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市实验学校2023-2024学年高三试题】
“The first domestic geese may have lived about 7,000 years ago in what is now China. That may make them
the earliest bird to be domesticated, ” says Masaki Eda at the Hokkaido University Museum in Sapporo, Japan. Eda
is part of a team that has unearthed an archaeological (考古的)site in Eastern China called Tianluoshan, which was
a Stone Age village between about 7, 000 and 5, 500 years ago. “Its resident lived basically by killing wild animals
and looking for plants that can be eaten, ”says Eda, “but they also grew rice. ”
The team has now identified 232 goose bones at Tianluoshan, four of which belonged to immature geese that
were less than 16 weeks old, with the youngest probably less than 8 weeks old. This implies they must have
hatched at Tianluoshan, because they were too young to have flown in from elsewhere. Some of the adult geese
also seem to have been locally bred(饲养), based on the chemical make-up of their bones, which reflects the water
they drank. These locally bred birds were all almost the same size, indicating captive breeding( 圈养) . Finally, the
team carbon-dated the bones and found that the locally bred geese lived about 7, 000 years ago.
“The main thing that stood out for me is the fact they actually did radiocarbon dating on the bird bones, ” says
Julia Best at Cardiff University in the UK. This makes the dating much more reliable than if the team had simplydated the surrounding materials. ”If geese were domesticated 7, 000 years ago, that would make them the first bird
to be domesticated, ”says Eda. The other candidate is the chicken, but there has been an argument over when and
where this first appeared, A study published in 2014 reported that chickens were domesticated in Northern China
as early as 10, 000 years ago, based on DNA from bones. However, the bones weren’t directly dated and “a lot of
the things they claimed were chickens were pheasants(野鸡)”, says Best.
“Domestic chickens only appeared around 5,500 years ago. With the firm evidence we currently have, I think
it is true, ”she says, but adds that the domestication of chickens is understudied, so the story could well change as
more evidence emerges.
4．What can we say about Tianluoshan?
A．It appeared at least 10, 000 years ago.
B．It was a Stone Age village in Northern China.
C．Its residents grew rice and kept geese as pets.
D．Its residents were essentially hunter-gatherers.
5．What is stressed in the second paragraph?
A．The main characteristics of geese
B．The proof of goose domestication
C．The challenges for immature geese
D．The chemical make-up of goose bones
6．What does Julia Best currently tend to believe?
A．Geese were domesticated before chickens.
B．Radiocarbon dating on goose bones was unreliable.
C．Domestic chickens were first spotted in Eastern China.
D．The analysis of DNA from chicken bones was dependable.
7．What is the main purpose of this text?
A．To advertise. B．To persuade. C．To report. D．To instruct.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了一个新的研究，鹅可能早在7000年前就在现在的中国并被驯化
了。这一发现延伸了鹅驯化的历史，鹅可能是第一批被驯化的鸟。
4．细节理解题。根据第一自然段““Its resident lived basically by killing wild animals and looking for plants
that can be eaten, ”says Eda, “but they also grew rice. ”(Eda说：“它的居民基本上靠捕杀野生动物和寻找可以
食用的植物为生，但他们也种植水稻。”)”可知，天罗山的居民基本上是狩猎采集者。故选D。5．推理判断题。根据第二自然段“Some of the adult geese also seem to have been locally bred(饲养), based on
the chemical make-up of their bones, which reflects the water they drank. These locally bred birds were all almost
the same size, indicating captive breeding( 圈养) . Finally, the team carbon-dated the bones and found that the
locally bred geese lived about 7, 000 years ago. (一些成年鹅似乎也是本地繁殖的，这是基于它们骨骼的化学
成分，这反映了它们所喝的水。这些本地繁殖的鸟几乎都一样大，表明它们是圈养的。最后，研究小组对
这些骨头进行了碳测定，发现当地饲养的鹅大约生活在7000年前。)”可知，本段通过研究鹅的骨骼来强调
鹅是被驯养的。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Domestic chickens only appeared around 5,500 years ago. With the firm
evidence we currently have, I think it is true, (家养鸡大约在5500年前才出现。根据我们目前掌握的确凿证
据，我认为这是真的。)”可知，朱莉娅·贝斯特目前倾向于相信鹅是在鸡之前驯化的。故选A。
7．推理判断题。本文揭示了一个新的研究，鹅可能早在7000年前就在现在的中国并被驯化了。这一发现
延伸了鹅驯化的历史，鹅可能是第一批被驯化的鸟。因而，本文的主要目的是报告这一研究。故选C。
11.【安徽省合肥一六八中学2023-2024学年高三名校名师测评试题】
Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much
longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys
in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’ concerns about
running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems,
the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming
increasingly common throughout the USA．
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric
cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery
capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade
picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.
As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among
the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early
20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources
is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among
the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial
electric flight a reality.Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with
electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production
processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely
emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric
vehicles will become even cleaner.
32．What does the underlined word “hurdle” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Obstacle. B．Intention. C．Worry. D．Stage.
33．What will the future of plug-in cars be like?
A．They will suffer disbelief because of battery capacity.
B．The high price will put the future of electric cars at risk.
C．They will not be widely promoted because of picky customers.
D．They will compete with petrol and diesel cars fiercely for markets.
34．What can we learn about in Paragraph 4?
A．The history of electric travel.
B．Different ways electric vehicles can be used.
C．Reasons why the world needs more electric cars.
D．The trend that more people have interest in electric cars.
35．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Potentials of Petrol and Diesel Cars B．Challenges Facing Electric Cars
C．A Cleaner Future on the Road D．Best Means of Transportation
【答案】32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽油和柴油汽车虽然仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电
动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发
展，而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。
32．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been ‘range
anxiety’—drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey.(电动汽车被广泛采用的一个hurdle是‘里
程焦虑’——驾驶者担心在旅途中电量耗尽)”可知，“驾驶员担心在旅途中耗尽电能”是电动汽车的缺
点，这是电动汽车普及的一个“障碍，难关”。由此推知，划线词hurdle与obstacle意思一致，意为“障
碍”。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models arun for their money.(插电式汽车将很快与内燃机汽车一较高下)”可知，插电式汽车即将具备与内燃机汽车争
夺市场的能力。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas
and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of
popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the
global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also
being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes.(除了
在陆路上的发展，电动汽车正在走向海洋和天空。电动船是最古老的电动旅行方式之一，从19世纪末到
20世纪初，在汽油动力的舷外发动机接管之前，它已经流行了几十年。现在，全球对可再生能源的推动正
在使电动船回归。电动航空旅行也正在取得进展，空中客车公司和美国国家航空航天局等组织正在开发和
测试电池驱动的飞机)”可知，电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路、海上及空中。由此推知，第四段主
要呈现了电动交通工具的不同的用途。故选 B项。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their
days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87
percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.(汽油和柴油车可能仍然主宰
着我们的道路，但它们的日子屈指可数了。一项最近的大学研究发现，目前美国 87%的日常汽车出行可以
使用电动汽车。到2020年，这一数字可能上升到 98%)”和第四段中的“As well as development on the road,
electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.(除了在公路上的发展，电动汽车正在走向海洋和天空)”和其他
段落内容可知，文章介绍汽油和柴油交通工具可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动交通工具所替
代，而未来的交通工具一定是更清洁的电动时代。由此推知，C项“更清洁的未来在路上”一语双关，适
合作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。
