专题 03 阅读理解
（说明文）
1.（2024届·河南信阳一模）
Researchers have developed a material made of collagen protein (胶原蛋白) from pig’s skin, which resembles
the human cornea (眼角膜) and restored vision to 20 people. The promising result of the trial brings hope to people
suffering from corneal blindness.
An estimated 12.7 million people around the world are blind due to their corneas being damaged or diseased.
Their only way of regaining vision is to receive a transplanted cornea from a human donor. But just one in 70
patients receives a cornea transplant. Furthermore, most of them live in low and middle-income countries in which
access to treatments is very limited.
To avoid the above disadvantages of traditional cornea treatment, the researchers used collagen protein from
pig’s skin. “It is possible to develop a biomaterial that meets all the criteria for being used as human implants (移植
物), which can be mass-produced and reach more people with vision problems,” said Professor Neil Lagali. While
donated corneas must be used within two weeks, the bioengineered corneas can be stored for up to two years before
use. The pig skin used is a byproduct of the food industry, making it easy to access.
The researchers have also developed a new surgical method for treating the disease. No stitches (缝针) are
needed with this new method. In a pilot study, 14 of the 20 participants were blind before the operation. After two
years, all of the patients regained their sight. Three of the Indian participants who had been blind had perfect vision
after the operation.
The researchers also want to study whether the technology can be used to treat more eye diseases, and whether
the implant can be adapted to the individual for even greater effectiveness.
1．What is the disadvantage of traditional cornea treatment?
A．Serious side effects. B．Low availability rate.
C．Poor medical equipment. D．Complicated surgical process.
2．What do we know about the biomaterial?
A．It has higher production costs. B．It can be stored for much longer.
C．It is able to be used for several times. D．It can help people prevent vision problems.
3．Which of the following best describes the new surgical method?
A．Successful. B．Ineffective. C．Convenient. D．Controversial.
4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To spread knowledge about cornea donation.
B．To show the difficulties of treating blindness.
C．To call on people to protect their eyes properly.
D．To present a new breakthrough in the medical field.2.（2024届·河南信阳一模）
The possible explanations for the natural roots of envy are easy to imagine. Social comparison is how we
judge our relative place in society, and thus how we know what to achieve in order to stay competitive for
resources. When we see that we fall behind others, the pain we feel often encourages us to build ourselves up—or
to tear others down.
How people act in the face of this pain has led some scholars to distinguish between kind envy and harmful
envy. The former is miserable, but is met with a desire for self-improvement and to catch up with the envied person.
In contrast, harmful envy leads to destructive actions, such as hostile thoughts and behavior intended to harm the
other person. Kind envy occurs when you believe that admiration for the other person is deserved; harmful envy
kicks in when you believe it isn’t.
Envy—especially when harmful—is terrible for you. Scientists find that envying other people stimulates the
brain, which is associated with both physical and mental pain. It can also spoil your future. Ordinarily, people
become psychologically healthier as they age; envy can prevent this trend. Even though other studies have shown
that kind envy might encourage your ambition, this one did not find that envy predicted later economic success at
all.
To feel envy, you need to have exposure to people who appear more fortunate than you. That is simple enough
in ordinary interactions. But the conditions of envy explode if we expose people to a wide group of strangers
presenting their lives to look as splendid, successful, and happy as possible. Obviously, I am describing social
media. In fact, academics have even used the term Facebook envy to capture the uniquely fertile circumstances that
social media creates for this destructive emotion.
If I could snap (捻) my fingers and wipe out envy from my life, I would, and I bet you would too. But envy is
natural, and getting rid of it would be impossible for all but perhaps the most enlightened (开明的) people. Lots of
research shows that gratitude destroys envy. So, next time the dog of envy barks inside you, quiet it with thoughts
of the people who love you, the things you enjoy, and the good fortune you have had.
5．How does the author introduce the topic?
A．By making comparisons. B．By giving explanations.
C．By making a judgement. D．By imagining a scene.
6．What has been found by scientists about envy?
A．People of kind envy usually live a miserable life.
B．Harmful envy occurs when people deny their beliefs.
C．Envy may contribute to terrible suffering to people.
D．It proves that kind envy contributes to great success.
7．Why is the term Facebook envy used by academics?
A．To refer to a phenomenon common in social media.
B．To describe how destructive the harmful emotion is.
C．To show how splendid and happy people’s lives are.
D．To illustrate the influence of ordinary interactions.8．What can prevent us from being envious?
A．Finger snaps and dog barks. B．Gratefulness and appreciation.
C．Thoughtfulness and confidence. D．Self-improvement and optimism.
3.（2024届·河南信阳一模）
The sales temptation: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short
wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we
spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right? After all, eye strain (疲劳) is a real issue and can
lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost 15 dollars all the way up to several hundred dollars.
But do they work?
Elizabeth Esparaz, an ophthalmologist (眼科专家) in Cleveland, Ohio, says the science that manufacturers
share as they promote these glasses can be confusing. For starters, blue light is not just about tech devices, and it’s
not always bad. “The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of course, and it’s
actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood, alertness and sleep-wake cycle.
The problem is blue light at night: It controls the release of melatonin (褪黑素). “Melatonin helps regulate our
circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and makes us sleepy,” says Dr. Esparaz. So in theory, wearing blue-light-blocking
glasses should help people who watch movies in bed or read from a table t at night to avoid sleeplessness. A 2021
review study from the University of Oklahoma found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work
fell asleep faster after using these glasses.
As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye
strain than those using clear glasses. And a 2018 review study also by Australian researchers, found insufficient
evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases.
“These glasses aren’t going to be harmful,” says Dr. Esparaz. But, she adds, a lack of standardization in the
industry means there’s no way to know if one pair is better than another. A more reliable solution: Turn on the
blue-light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed. To help with eye strain, Dr. Esparaz
suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops.
9．What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs?
A．It may facilitate sleep. B．It actually causes severe health issues.
C．It can be of benefit in some aspects. D．It merely comes from digital devices.
10．Who will benefit from the glasses according to the studies?
A．People under great pressure B．People experiencing eye strain
C．People with eye diseases D．People suffering from sleep disorders
11．Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses .
A．doesn’t contribute to less eye strain B．benefits those affected by shift work
C．is not harmful to eyesight D．helps prevent eye disease
12．What might be the best title of this passage?
A．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Your Best ChoiceB．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Good or Bad
C．Blue-light-blocking glasses: A Good Business
D．Blue-light-blocking glasses: Smart and Cool
4.（2024届·河南信阳一模）
Cities are difficult to navigate (导航) at the best of times, but for people with disabilities they can be like courses
with hurdles and bring inconvenience to disabled people.
A UK national travel survey found that adults with mobility difficulties took 39% fewer trips than those with
no disability in 2017. Yet that could change as devices and cities grow smarter. Assistive tech is playing a big role
in the transformation. The global value of the industry is expected to increase from $14 billion in 2015 to $30.8
billion in 2024, according to Zion Market Research.
One of the things that could transform lives is a smart walking stick designed by engineers from Young Guru
Academy (YGA) in Turkey. The WeWalk stick has a sensor that detects hurdles above chest level and uses
vibrations (振动) to warn the user. It can be paired with a smartphone to help navigation, and is connected with a
voice assistant and Google Maps.
Ceylan, who has been blind since birth, says that connecting the stick to the Internet of Things and smart city
solutions makes it user-friendly. “As a blind person, when I am at the Metro station I don’t know which is my
exit ... I don’t know which bus is approaching ... which stores are around me. That kind of information can be
provided with the WeWalk,” he says.
“The smart walking stick is really an exciting initiative that will make a huge difference to some people,” says
Anna Lawson, the director of the Center for Disability Studies at Leeds University in the United Kingdom. “But
they are very expensive ... they’re not going to be available to the vast majority of disabled people,” she added.
Bryan Matthews, a lecturer at the Institute for Transport Studies at the University of Leeds, shares the
concerns about cost. He says there should also be a focus on inclusive design, and anything that helps people
navigate their environment is positive.
13．What does “that” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．The survey that compared adults’ mobility.
B．The smart industry that is booming.
C．The fact that the disabled traveled less.
D．The role that the assistive tech plays.
14．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The working principles of the WeWalk stick.
B．The introduction of the WeWalk stick inventors.
C．The transformation caused by the WeWalk stick.
D．The benefits brought about by the WeWalk stick.
15．What’s the purpose of quoting Ceylan?
A．To show the value of smart tech.B．To urge more attention to the blind.
C．To increase the potential market share.
D．To encourage tech research and development.
16．What is the disadvantage of the WeWalk stick?
A．Confusing instructions. B．Poor navigation.
C．Inclusive designs. D．High prices.
5.（2024届·河南信阳一模）
The measure of a good night’s sleep is usually based on two things—the amount of time spent sleeping and the
quality of that sleep. But now researchers say there is a third thing that matters even more than the other two when
it comes to keeping good sleep habits, and that is having a regular bedtime.
A study has found that going to sleep and waking up at the same time every day have an important effect on
one’s health. Adults who stick to a regular bedtime tend to weigh less, have lower blood sugar and reduced risk of
heart disease.
The researchers studied the sleeping habits of 2,000 adults with an average age of 69. They found that people
with greater irregularity (无规律) in their sleep patterns tended to go to sleep later at night, feel sleepy and sleep
more during the day, and experienced reduced light exposure. These people were also more likely to be stressed.
Among the three kinds of sleep problems, sleep regularity was the most strongly associated with health.
Of course, there are many people for whom this may be impossible, such as night-shift workers or those with
late-night duty. But for those who don’t have mandatory (强制的) reasons to stay up late, they should make an
effort to go to bed at the same time every night. Skip the late afternoon coffee. Get off the phone. Try this calculator
to figure out the best bedtime.
As Matthew Walker, a scientist, wrote, “The shorter your sleep, the shorter your life.” Surely that’s reasonable
enough to go to bed on time.
17．What can we infer from the research?
A．People feel more stressed when they grow older. B．The old often have less sleep.
C．Adults enjoy sleeping late. D．Regular bedtime does good to our health.
18．Which of the following influences health most?
A．Reduced light exposure. B．Sleep regularity.
C．Sleeping during the day. D．Sleeping later at night.
19．According to the author, those who don’t have to stay up late should ______.
A．Avoid the late-night duty. B．Skip the late-night coffee.
C．Get off the phone while working. D．Try to sleep at the same time each night.
20．What’s the best title for the text?
A．The Importance of Sleep B．Ways to Have a Good Sleep
C．Regular Bedtime for Your Health D．The Suitable Time for Sleep6.（2024届·四川眉山一模）
Mosquitoes carry malaria (疟疾), which kills thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying
to use genetic engineering to make the annoying insects into partners in the fight against the disease.
For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations. “But that
approach is temporary,” says Anthony James, a professor of biology and genetics at the University of California,
Irvine, “Because mosquitoes are extremely tough little insects, and their populations can quickly rebound.”
Therefore, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into
malaria-fighting warriors, which is a complete departure from traditional ways of controlling malaria.
To understand how it works, it helps to understand the life cycle of malaria. The malaria pathogen (病原体) is
a parasite (寄生虫) that grows inside humans. It’s passed via mosquitoes that move from person to person, sucking
blood. “If we can make the mosquitoes difficult for the pathogens to survive, we can wipe out the disease,” he says.
But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a tough job.
To solve the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from
mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria, engineered those genes, and then gave them to the
mosquitoes.
It turned out the malaria-fighting antibodies which gene-edited mosquitoes produced worked very well. They
reduced the number of parasites in the mosquito before they were passed to a human host.
James’ team are now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be conducted on an island or in
another isolated location.
But genetically changing wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists. “There’s no need to engineer a
mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit
Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that naturally occurring methods for reducing malaria appear to be showing
promise, as does a new vaccine (疫苗) against the disease. “Why take unnecessary risks and release a species that
can’t be recalled once it’s released into the wild?” she asks.
21．What can we know from the second and third paragraphs?
A．Mosquitoes reproduce quickly.
B．Mosquitoes depart from malaria.
C．Mosquitoes are malaria-fighting warriors.
D．Mosquitoes’ populations are under control.
22．According to the text, which of the following are attractive to the malaria pathogen?
A．Mice. B．Parasites. C．Mosquitoes. D．Gene-edited mosquitoes.
23．What is environmentalists’ attitude toward this new approach?
A．Tolerant. B．Favorable. C．Objective. D．Disapproving.
24．What is the best title for the text?
A．Limiting Malaria by Controlling Mosquito Populations
B．Controlling Malaria by editing Mosquitoes’ genes
C．Curing Malaria with Gene-edited MosquitoesD．Preventing Malaria with a new vaccine
7.（2024届·四川南充一模）
Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial
intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users
may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of
one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing
both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).
The authors then presented 767 U.S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether
to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by
ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor
or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read.
However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the
statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the
opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on
their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for
education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design
chatbots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing
multiple arguments and warnings.
25．What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance?
A．Inconsistent. B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple.
26．What is learned about the participants?
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
27．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Different findings of the study. B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education. D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics B．ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life?
C．ChatGPT: Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
8.（2042届·四川宜宾一模）Massive heat waves and droughts are already becoming a threat to farmers. Over the next three decades,
California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535,000 acres of farmland as a result of the shortage of water
supplies.
Jennifer Brophy, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Stanford, is working on methods she hopes will be
used to change commercial plant species so they can survive severe conditions. She is developing new genetic
engineering techniques that can help plants grow in a variety of different conditions. By changing the genome (基
因组) of both commercial crops and soil bacteria, she thinks it may be possible to help plants survive droughts.
To make plants respond to extreme climate, Brophy is building what she calls “genetic circuits (基因回路).”
In addition to changing the genes within plant cells, this method also changes how and when those genes are
activated (激活). If the plant senses a specific sugar, it can express one protein; if it senses another signal, it’ll
express a different protein, kicking off an entirely separate chain of events. If both signals are there, the plant may
be able to express something else entirely. “Using circuits, you can have plants respond in new ways to all these
different inputs,” she says.
Humans can learn from the weather forecast whether it’s going to be really hot or really dry in the next couple
of weeks so that we can plan accordingly. “A plant doesn’t necessarily know what’s coming. It just knows if it’s hot
or mild right now,” says Brophy. This can lead to problems when weather becomes unstable. A plant that usually
flowers in spring may flower in winter if there are a few unseasonably warm days. When temperatures fall again,
the flowers die and ruin a year of crops. “It’d be great to be able to communicate with plants to tell them, ‘hey, you
should wait on that flowering,’” she adds.
Controlling plants’ growth at this level is an exciting prospect, but actually putting it into practice is along way
off. At the moment, Brophy is testing the concept in the lab using a small weedy plant called Arabidopsis, trying to
figure out how to activate certain genes on command.
29．What problem are farmers faced with according to the text?
A．The shortage of strong labour force.
B．The water pollution caused by factories.
C．The pressure of feeding a growing population.
D．The harmful effect of climate change on farming.
30．What is the expected advantage of “genetic circuits”?
A．Increasing farmland. B．Controlling plants’ growth.
C．Telling the weather in advance. D．Protecting plants from extreme weather.
31．What do we know about Brophy’s research?
A．It is still in its early stages. B．It has been put into practice.
C．It has led to serious problems. D．It is funded by the government.
32．What’s the text mainly about?
A．A scientific breakthrough in bioengineering.
B．A victorious battle against global warming.
C．A new type of plant resistant to heat waves.D．A way to help crops survive severe conditions.
9.（2024届·四川攀枝花一模）
In late 2020, a post on Tweet spread quickly: “Another day of staring at the big screen while scrolling through
my little screen so as to reward myself for staring at the media screen all week.” It seems right on. We are glued to
our screens. And it’s not only about watching movies and scrolling through TikTok (抖音). As remote work has set
in, we’re relying entirely on digital tools to keep in touch with each other and get our work done.
This has led to a worrisome spike in “digital intensity (强度)”. A new survey from Microsoft tracked the
habits of more than 30,000 users in 31 countries over 2021, and the results are alarming.
The good news is that something as simple as a 10-minute break, if used correctly, can help reduce the effects
of digital intensity. “If you give yourself a break, and do something like mediation, reading, drawing — anything
that turns your brain to something more relaxing,” says Dr Michael Bohan, the director of Microsoft’s Human
Factors Engineering Lab, “the brain will begin to produce alpha waves.” After the break, “you’ll be more engaged
and focused, he adds. “Taking breaks lets you refresh, and maintain better brain health across the day.”
Finding new ways to connect with our colleagues, and reducing the number of daily online meetings, emails
and virtual check-ins will do more than “reduce the digital load”. It will also pave (铺设) the way for a reinvented
workplace, which most expect to be the combination of old and new. “We need to look at every process”, says
Bohan, “and ask: Why are we doing this? Is there a way to do this more effectively? Let’s not repeat what we’ve
always done. Let’s figure out how to do it better.”
33．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The popularity of digital products. B．The reason for the rise of remote work.
C．Our deep dependence on digital tools. D．The influence of social software on our life.
34．What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．A sharp increase. B．A sudden problem.
C．An abrupt drop. D．An unexpected result.
35．What can we infer about the function of alpha waves mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．It makes us sleep better. B．It helps improve concentration.
C．It causes tension and anxiety. D．It helps find new communication ways.
36．Which can help reduce digital load?
A．Following daily online check-in system.
B．Holding fewer everyday video meetings.
C．Contacting workmates through social media apps.
D．Using emails to communicate as much as possible.
10.（2024届·四川攀枝花一模）
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we
humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilityto do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than
they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap — but n involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests thrive as
valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their ability to absorb carbon now. California is
leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts
of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying ability. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the
available moisture (水分), so they grow and thrive, fixing the forest’s ability to pull carbon from the air. Healthy
trees are also better able to be spared from insects. The landscape is less easily burnable. The need for such
planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in
California, most of them in 2016alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 — financed from the profit
of the state’s emissions (排放)-permit auctions (拍卖). That’s only a small share of the total land area that could
benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize (优先考虑) areas at greatest risk of fire or
drought.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife and
opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing
carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
37．What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?
A．Forests may become a potential threat.
B．Extreme weather conditions may arise.
C．People may misunderstand global warming.
D．Global climate change may get out of control.
38．What does the California’s Forest Carbon Plan intend to do?
A．To expand the forest planting area.
B．To recover its forests quickly after wildfires.
C．To reduce the young trees and brush in some forests.
D．To find more effective ways to kill insects in the forests.
39．What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 4?
A．To obtain enough financial support.
B．To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C．To handle the areas in serious danger first.
D．To improve emissions-permit auctions procedures.
40．What is the author’s attitude towards California’s Forest Carbon Plan?
A．Worried. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
11.（2024·四川宜宾一模）Bees seem to fly aimlessly as they search for the sugary liquid called nectar (花蜜). But their flight plans
actually do have a pattern. Flowers act as the insects’ air-traffic controllers. And new research shows bees prefer
flowers that aren’t too flashy.
Flowers give bees clues about how much a plant can offer. Those clues can be in the color of petals, in the
type, in the smell or even in the electrical charge. All of these characteristics send signals to the bees, telling them
whether to land or not, among which the colors play the most significant role. The insects keep track of the color of
the flowers that are especially rich in nectar. They then visit more flowers of that color.
However, color can’t guarantee bees a good meal. It may change depending on the angle at which sunlight hits
its petals. A yellow follower, for example, may look somewhat blue from one angle and red from another. Beverley
Glover studies plants at the University of Cambridge in England. Glover and her colleagues showed that even when
the color of petals looks similar, bees behave differently in searching for nectar. They started to guess that the
strength of petals’ indescence (色彩斑斓) might be related to how bees find the petals.
Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab. In their experiment, they found that bees felt
confused sometimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had no problem finding the flowers with
more nectar when the petals were not very iridescent. The team shared its new findings in the March 21 Current
Biology.
“At first glance, it’s very surprising because animals can usually detect a more vivid signal more easily,” says
Klaus Lunau, a biologist in Germany, who was not involved in the study.
41．What can we know about the flight of bees?
A．They usually fly in a regular pattern.
B．They fly under the direction of flowers.
C．They usually fly without any purpose.
D．They fly to some very flashy flowers.
42．What is the most important clue for bees to search for nectar?
A．The petals’ type. B．The followers’ smell.
C．The followers’ electrical charge. D．The petals’ color.
43．What does the underlined word “hypothesis” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Discussion. B．Method.
C．Assumption. D．Invention
44．What is the new finding of the team?
A．Petals that are not very flashy are better for bees to make adjustments.
B．Petals of different color usually give different signals.
C．Petals that are vivid are detected by bees more easily.
D．Petals of different types make bees confused to find the right flower.
12.（2024届·陕西渭南一模）
People think that smartphones and laptops are evidence of progress. A certain amount of online searching, forinstance, can be good for your brain, and there are apps that can promote brain functions. Yet technology
advancements also come with some unintended consequences.
Studies have shown that blue-enriched light from electronic things like smartphones can disturb the body’s
internal clock and make it impossible for you to stick to a proper sleep schedule. Losing sleep has negative effects
on your brain, such as bad moods, decreased attention and problems of memory.
Technology makes it much easier to get distracted. For example, you step away from an important project to
check your smartphone. Teens, in particular, are more distracted than ever. A recent survey of 2,400 teachers found
that most educators feel students are more distracted than previous generations. Some 64 percent agreed with the
idea that today’s digital technology does more to distract students than to help them academically.
And technology makes people much more forgetful than they used to be. The new generation are actually
more likely to forget what day it is or where they put their keys than people over the age of 55, according to a
Trending Machine survey. In a press about the survey, Jo Patricia, a doctor, said technology was to blame. “This is a
generation that has grown up multitasking by using technology and is often accompanied by lack of sleep, which
results in high levels of forgetfulness,” she said.
People who rely on GPS to get around have less activity in the hippo campus, an area of the brain involved in
both memory and direction. A study from the University of London even found that taxi drivers had a more
developed hippocampus (海马，大脑记忆核心部分) than non-taxi drivers — because they are so accustomed to
using spatial (空间的) memory, rather than relying on GPS.
Now that you’re probably terrified of the effects of technology, let us remind you that you do have the power
to prevent it. Just log off every once in a while!
45．How does technology affect students according to teachers?
A．It upsets the new generation.
B．It makes students more forgetful.
C．It takes the students’ attention away.
D．It fails to aid students with their lessons.
46．What is Jo Patricia’s attitude towards technology?
A．Negative. B．Objective.
C．Optimistic. D．Conservative.
47．Why do taxi drivers have a more developed hippocampus?
A．Because they mainly rely on GPS.
B．Because they do more mental exercise.
C．Because they use spatial memory more.
D．Because they have a better sense of balance.
48．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Surveys conducted in a school.
B．Apps used to promote memory.
C．Progress made in electronic products.D．Harmful effects brought by technology.
13.（2024届·陕西渭南·统考一模）
Feel the Music
We’ve all heard of smart phones, but how about smart clothing?The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the
technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of
hearing.How does this incredible shirt work?
First, let’s talk about a little science.People who have either all or some hearing loss don’t actually listen to
music the way that hearing people do, but they can feel it.Sound is made up of vibrations, called sound waves,
which hearing people can hear through their ears with the help of the brain.What’s really cool is that deaf people
sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!
So how is this remarkable technology able to function? First, CuteCircuit had to figure out a way to send
signals to the body, kind of like how you can feel when your phone vibrates in silent mode.Those connections the
body can feel are called haptics, a use of technology that simulates the senses of touch and motion.The SoundShirt
has tiny sensors woven into the shirt to pick up sound and transfer signals to the brain and body.
To test this music-to-shirt-to-wearer’s brain connection, CuteCircuit set microphones around the stage of a
symphony orchestra.The shirt’s computer system digitally received the sounds coming from the instruments.Then
the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer’s brain did the rest.
The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music in a unique way.The very deep
musical sound, or pitch, of instruments like drums and basses vibrates in the lower part of the shirt.Higher pitched
sounds from instruments like the flute or violin vibrate higher, around the neck and arms.As the music plays, the
sensations combine while the brain gets to work putting together all the different vibrations, allowing the wearer to
“hear” the concert.
You might think this innovation(创新)would look like something out of a science fiction movie, but in fact,
these shirts are wireless! And the decorative laser-lined design on the shirt looks like an image of sound waves.
Technology’s purpose is to help people and make life better.Think of all the amazing things designers,
engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.
49．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．Deep musical sounds from drums vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt.
B．The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music.
C．Wearable technology like the SoundShirt is the wave of the future.
D．CuteCircut tested the SoundShirt with a symphony orchestra.
50．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The SoundShirt is made without any wires.
B．Deaf people are unable to sense sound vibrations
C．The shirt wearer’s brain change sound signals into vibrations
D．The sounds from the flute vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt
51．What can be inferred about the SoundShirt described in the passage?A．The SoundShirt works when the wearer is listening to a symphony orchestra.
B．CuteCircuit is giving away its SoundShirts to those deaf or hard of hearing.
C．The SoundShirt doesn’t work without the power of the human brain.
D．Before the SoundShirt, deaf people had no way of feeling sound.
52．The author probably wrote this passage to ___________.
A．advise that companies should focus on applying wearable technology
B．advocate that technology can be used to create products that help others
C．prove that the design of wearable technology is a rewarding industry in future
D．exemplify that musical instruments can be used to change technology for the better
14.（2024届·甘肃白银一模）
Denmark retired after practicing medicine for 73 years and then volunteered her services until she couldn’t
anymore. She died at the age of 114.
I met her by phone when the pediatrician (儿科医生) couldn’t figure out what was wrong with my baby. On
the phone, she talked with me for more than 30 minutes. I took her advice, and my baby was better about 10 days
later. She never charged me.
“You keep on doing what you do best as long as you can,” she was famous for the words. And it turned out her
advice about actively helping others was as good as her medical advice.
Obviously, we can’t all live as long as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shown that volunteering provides
a longevity boost similar to the effects of adding multiple servings of fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.
Specifically, older adults who volunteer are at 24 percent less risk of early death. The positive impact of giving and
volunteering on older people goes beyond that. According to the research, adults over 55 who give their time for
others have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, volunteers experience 250 percent less cognitive decline
leading to dementia (痴呆).
According to a new study in the Journal of Happiness Studies, people who volunteer report higher levels of
happiness and life satisfaction. The study took it a second step and followed people who began volunteering—
monitoring their responses from the time they started volunteering. The longer they volunteered and the more they
volunteered, the greater level of happiness they reported.
You may already be volunteering your time. But if you’re not, consider the charities you support. Think about
the skills you might be able to offer them. You are likely to be glad about what you do.
53．What can we infer about Denmark?
A．She retired at the age of 73. B．She volunteered for 73 years.
C．She was patient and professional. D．She once forget to charge the author.
54．How many benefits of volunteering are mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
55．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A．Seek support. B．Advise about sharpening skills.C．Offer solutions. D．Encourage people to volunteer.
56．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The kindness of a doctor. B．The benefits of volunteering.
C．The process of being a volunteer. D．The struggle of child-raising.
15.（2024届·甘肃白银一模）
China has built in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, the Germplasm ( 种质) Bank of Wild Species, a
comprehensive national database for the collection and preservation of wildlife germplasm resources. As of the end
of 2020, the bank preserved 85,046 copies of 10,601 wild plant seeds for protecting wildlife germplasm resources.
Preserving dried and frozen seeds, the bank provides technological support for the protection and research, makes
use of China’s wildlife germplasm resources, and plays a major part in international biodiversity conservation.
The importance of science and technology for biodiversity conservation is increasingly obvious. When remote
sensor monitoring was not available, agricultural technicians had no choice but to go for field studies, which could
barely meet the need for large-scale, fast and nondestructive (非破坏性的) monitoring of crop conditions and
timely prevention and control of diseases and pests. Nowadays, remote sensor monitoring has been applied in
agricultural production in China, allowing agricultural technicians to analyze the movements of insect pests and
evaluate plant diseases and insect pests by monitoring remotely the vegetation growth, coverage, surface
temperature, humidity and other indicators.
In the Internet era, information technology has made the processing of massive data possible and created wider
and more convenient platforms for biodiversity conservation in China, including Chinese Virtual Herbarium, Plant
Photo Bank of China, and National Animal Collection Resource Center. The emergence of databases and digital
programs in recent years is driving China to turn around its seriously threatened biodiversity.
From the collection and storage of information to the management and analysis of resources, the constantly
improving biodiversity information network has realized the exploration and use of massive biodiversity data,
providing a solid foundation for China’s biodiversity conservation and research. Biodiversity conservation and
science and technology are inextricable. Only by making science and technology a strong support for biodiversity
conservation can humankind guard the Earth and build a beautiful world of harmony among all beings on the
planet.
57．What can we learn about the bank from paragraph 1?
A．Its crisis. B．Its administration. C．Its role. D．Its staff.
58．What do researchers hardly need to do with the help of remote sensor monitoring?
A．Evaluate plant diseases and insect pests.
B．Go to fields to control the plant diseases.
C．Analyze the tracks of the pests of plants.
D．Satisfy the need to monitor crop conditions.
59．What does the underlined word “inextricable” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Linked. B．Competitive. C．Inadequate. D．Inessential.60．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Develops Fast
B．Technologies Promote Chinese Biodiversity Protection
C．China Has Made Great Efforts to Process Massive Data
D．Information Technology Contributes Much to Many Fields
16.（2024届·甘肃张掖一模）
There was a time when the solar industry was considered dead money. It was too expensive, too inefficient,
and too inconsistent to be a good alternative energy source for anything, let alone your home or office.
But those days are long gone. Today, solar energy represents the future of our planet’s energy needs because
it’s cheap, efficient, consistent, and most importantly, clean.
Solar energy costs have dropped by more than 70% over the past 10 years, and solar energy is now cheaper
than fossil fuels in most parts of the United States. Let that sink in for a moment.
Better yet, the drivers of these cost declines—economies of scale and technological improvements powered by
Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law-are lasting, and therefore, solar energy is going to get even cheaper. Indeed, these
forces are so powerful in the solar industry that they have their own law-Swanson’s Law-which states that the price
of solar modules (组件) decreases by about 20%for every doubling in global solar capacity.
For what it’s worth, the US Department of Energy believes solar costs can and will fall by another 60% in
2030. So, solar energy is the cheapest way to power things today.
Meanwhile, solar panels have become very efficient at turning light from the sun into usable energy. Back in
1992, researchers at the University of South Florida created a thin-film solar cell with 15.9% efficiency—and that
was considered a breakthrough at the time. These days, though, your average silicon (硅) solar cells sport efficiency
rates above 20%. That’s standard. And manufacturers have created prototypes (原型机) that are getting 30%
efficiency, while some research efforts have even managed to achieve near 50% efficiency in certain lab tests.
At the same time, these solar systems have become dramatically more consistent. One of the biggest
disadvantages for solar energy in the early 2000s was its intermittency (间歇性) —the sun doesn’t shine every day,
so what do you do when it’s cloudy? Well, that’s why big batteries exist.
61．What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A．The worldwide popularity of solar energy.
B．The rapid increase in global solar capacity.
C．The contents of Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law.
D．The contributors to the decline in solar energy costs.
62．What is the purpose of the figures in paragraph 6?
A．To indicate the variety of solar cells.
B．To prove the wide use of solar cells.
C．To show the improvement of solar cells.
D．To compare the size of different solar cells.63．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the solar industry?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried.
64．What is most likely to be talked about next?
A．The wide use of solar power. B．The alternative to solar power.
C．The disadvantage of solar power. D．The storage of solar power.
