专题07 阅读理解（说明文）
（一）
（2025·云南丽江·一模）
C
In the hustle and bustle of urban life, people often feel overwhelmed with stress and in need of an escape.
There are numerous ways to navigate through a city, including walking, cycling, or taking the bus. But no matter
which way we travel, we have to stick to the route the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are
no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through,
over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more
people to it — there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to the Guardian
— and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination ( 协调性) and balance. So the
organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.
But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”,
wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”
Indeed, many do parkour just to “escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways”, wrote
reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves
and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be
greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
28.How do the parkour practitioners do parkour?
A．They move on as they wish.
B．They choose the routes the city planners laid down.
C．They run faster than others.
D．They stick to certain routes.
29.Why does the FIG want to add parkour to the Olympics?
A．It’s a special way of life.
B．It draws their attention.
C．It’s good for people to keep healthy.
D．It needs some rules and instructions.
30.What is the author’s attitude towards parkour?
A．Objective.
B．Supportive.
C．Opposed.
D．Indifferent.
31.What is the best title for the passage?
A．A new sports competition
B．Parkour practitioners
C．Training in a different way
D．Parkouring the city in their own way
（二）
（2025·云南曲靖·一模）
C
A region of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核) is responsible for powerful emotions like fear. Now,
researchers have found the region may also be to blame for overeating. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL)
Professor Bo Li has discovered a group of neurons (神经元) in the region that drives mice to eat fatty or sugary
foods — even when they’ re not hungry.
Like most people, mice also tend to find foods high in fat and sugar the tastiest. They may enjoy these treats
for pleasure, rather than for survival. The neurons Li and his colleagues studied cause this behavior, called hedonic
(享乐的) eating.
“Even if the animal is supposed to stop eating because they are already full, if those neurons are still active,
they can still drive those animals to eat more,” Li notes.
When the team switched off the specific neurons, mice weren’t drawn to the fatty and sugary foods that had
attracted them before. “They just happily ate and stayed healthy,” Li says. “They not only stopped gaining weight,
but also seemed to be much healthier overall.” Switching these neurons off reduced overeating and protected
against obesity. It also boosted the animals’ physical activity, leading to weight loss and better health.
Li and his team are exploring ways to control the neurons that cause hedonic eating. The next step, he says,
is to map out how these neurons respond to different types of food and see what makes them so sensitive. He hopes
this collaboration will lead to new strategies for effective anti-obesity therapeutics (疗法).
Therapeutics targeting these neurons could lead to new treatments for obesity with minimal side effects.
“The medications currently available to aid weight management can cause significant side effects. So, a more
targeted approach is needed,” Li says. “Identifying the brain neurons that controls eating is important for
developing better treatment options for people who struggle to control their weight.”
28.What does the study focus on?
A．The causes of becoming overweight.
B．The connection between brain and fear.
C．The link between brain and appetite.
D．The effects of fatty and sugary food.
29.What happen to mice when specific neurons in the amygdala are switched off?
A．They are attracted by fatty and sugary products.
B．They are more likely to be victims of obesity.
C．They suffer a complete loss of appetite for food.
D．They increase physical activity and get better
health.
30.What does Professor Bo Li want to do next?
A．Know more about specific neurons in the amygdala.
B．Test new therapeutics on people with obesity.
C．Identify side effects of treatments for obesity. D．Use current methods to treat eating disorders.
31.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The significance of the study.
B．The limitation of the study.
C．The challenges of the study.
D．The possible reason for the finding.
（三）
（2025·云南保山市·一模）
C
In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move through the mist; tall factory
chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony painted by Claude Monet in
Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.
Painted at dawn on November 13, 1872, this oil painting pictures a harbor scene enveloped in morning mist,
and reveals the beautiful view of daybreak through the interplay of light and motion. In this painting, Monet
abandoned the mainstream academic art style of his time — distinct boundaries and colors. Instead, he focused on
color relationships and the effects of outdoor light, capturing the delicate changes of colors through reflections on
the water surface, breaking through the limits of the art world at the time.
This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in nature
but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. Meanwhile, it describes a warm and peaceful life,
representing people’s expectations for economic recovery and social stability. The industrial elements in the
painting, such as the smoking chimneys, imply the development of society and economic boom at the time,
suggesting the social changes and the mentality of people in late 19th century Europe.
For a thorough appreciation of this artwork and its significance in art history, one should examine the
primary colors featured in the painting, such as light purple, soft red, blue-gray, and orange-yellow, and figure out
how they interact to bring up the atmosphere of a sunrise. It’s also important to figure out how Monet skillfully
seized the instant through the contrast of light and shadow, along with his deliberate arrangement of the sun, boats,
and chimneys. More importantly, the symbolic significance of the sunrise, or what it mint symbolize in terms of
hope, rebirth, or societal transformation, is a theme that viewers should consider repeatedly.
28.What is the author’s purpose by describing the port at the beginning?
A．To convey emotion.
B．To invite people to visit.
C．To arouse readers’ interest.
D．To showcase literary talent.
29.Which were best defines Claude Monet according to the passage?
A．Conservative.
B．Innovative.
C．Passive.
D．Traditional.
30.Which of the following aspects is NOT analyzed in the text?
A．The use of primary colors in the painting.
B．The impact of industrial development on society.
C．The influence of Monet’s painting on future generations.
D．Monet’s technique in capturing the interplay of light and color.
31.What can be the most appropriate title for the text?
A．Monet: The Greatest Master of Art
B．Monet: The Pioneer of Impressionism
C．Impression, Sunrise Is an Artistic Revolution
D．Impression, Sunrise Is a Mirror for the 19th Century Europe
（四）
（2025·云南普洱·一模）
C
When people talk about suddenly remembering old memories , the memories they’ re referring to are usually
episodic (情景的) memories. As the name suggests, this type of memory stores the scenes of our life.
Another type of memory that can also be suddenly remembered is semantic memory. Our semantic memory
is the storehouse of our knowledge, containing all the facts we know.
Usually, the recall of episodic and semantic memories has easily identifiable triggers (诱因) in our context.
Context includes our physical surroundings as well as the aspects of our mental state, such as thoughts and feelings.
For example, you’re eating a dish at a restaurant, and its smell reminds you of a similar dish your mom used to
make. This is episodic memory. When someone says the word “Oscar”, the name of the movie that won the Oscar
recently flashes in your mind. That belongs to semantic memory.
These memories had obvious triggers in our context, but sometimes, the memories that flash in our minds
have no identifiable triggers. They seem to flash across our minds out of nowhere; therefore, they’ve been called
mind-pops (闪念).
Mind-pops shouldn’t be confused with insight, which is the sudden pop ping up of a potential solution to a
complex problem in the mind. Thus, mind- pops are semantic or autobiographical memories that suddenly flash in
our minds without an easily identifiable trigger.
Mind-pops may comprise any piece of information, be it an image, a sound, or a word. They’re often
experienced by people when they’re engaged in mundane tasks like mopping the floor or brushing teeth. Such
ordinary and unexciting routines tend to inspire something in our mind. For example, you’re reading a book, and
suddenly, the image of your school corridor pops into your mind for no reason. What you were reading or thinking
at the time had no connection to your school.
I do experience mind-pops from time to time. But when I tried to look for cues in my con text that may have
triggered my mind-pops, I would fail. Maybe such mind-pops are completely random.
28.Which of the following might be episodic memory?
A．You predict a heavy rain is on the way.
B．A good idea flashes into your mind suddenly.
C．A song reminds you of your middle school graduation.
D．You think of a round shape when hearing the word “circle”.
29.What is a feature of mind-pops?
A．They have obvious triggers.
B．They come out without warning.
C．They appear in the form of images.
D．They often bring long- lasting memories.
30.What does the underlined word “mundane” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Careful.
B．Dull.
C．Necessary.
D．Challenging.
31.What is the aim of this passage?
A．To explore human inner thoughts.
B．To point out the memory formation.
C．To distinguish different memory scenes. D．To explain some similar memory phenomena.
（五）
（2025·云南文山壮族苗族自治州广南县第十中学校·一模）
C
In today’s digital age, screens are everywhere. From smartphones to tablets, televisions to gaming consoles
( 游戏机), children are growing up with their eyes keeping looking at the little boxes several hours a day.
Unfortunately, a new study finds this is ruining their ability to communicate with others. Researchers at the
University of Tartu in Estonia have found that regular screen use by both parents and children has a link to
deteriorating language skills among kids.
The study, conducted by Tiia Tulviste and Jaan Tulviste of the University of Tartu, focused on Estonian
families with children between two-and-a-half and four-year-olds. Their findings suggest that higher total screen
time for children contributes to poorer vocabulary and grammatical skills. In fact, none of the screen-based
activities that children or parents engaged in, including viewing screens together and socializing time, had a
positive impact on language skills. One of the most striking findings was the impact of video games. Playing video
games didn’t have a positive connection with children’s language skills, regardless of whether it was the child,
mother, or father doing the gaming. This suggests that the type of screen activity matters just as much as the
amount of time spent staring at screens.
These findings emphasize the importance of considering the entire family’s screen habits when addressing
child language development. It’s not just about limiting a child’s screen time; parents’ screen use patterns also play
a crucial role. “While reading e-books and playing some educational games may offer language learning
opportunities, especially for older children, research shows that during the first years of life, the most influential
factor is everyday face-to-face parent-child verbal (语言的) interaction,” says Tulviste.
However, the study has some limitations. First, all data, including fathers’ screen use, were reported by
mothers, which could be inaccurate. Second, the study only included families where children lived with both
parents. So, more studies are needed.
28.Which word can replace the underlined word “deteriorating” in paragraph 1?
A．Showing.
B．Predicting.
C．Weakening.
D．Learning.
29.What can we say about the type of screen activity?
A．It causes harm to kids’ language ability. B．It helps parents to give up video games.
C．It controls kids’ time spent on the screen.D．It shows the link between parents and kids.
30.What does Tulviste advise parents to do in paragraph 3?
A．Use e-book readers.
B．Form good family screen habits.
C．Play more educational games.
D．Balance kids’ language growth.
31.What’s the author’s attitude towards the research result?
A．Objective.
B．Doubtful.
C．Supportive.
D．Critical.
（六）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市腾冲市第八中学·一模）
C
Blue-light glasses gained popularity over the past few years with the idea that they protect our eyes against
screen usage, but a new analysis shows a different result.
“We found there may be no short-term advantages with using blue-light glasses to reduce visual tiredness
associated with computer use, compared to non-blue-light ones,” said Laura Downie. “It is also currently unclear
whether these glasses affect vision quality or sleep-related outcomes, and no conclusions could be drawn about any
potential effects on retinal (视网膜的) health in the longer term. People should be aware of these findings when
deciding whether to purchase these glasses.”
The studies they reviewed ranged in size and length, with a range of as few as five to as many as 156
participants assessed over different periods, from less than one day to five weeks. The authors said more researches
with longer follow-ups in more diverse populations are needed to better assess any potential effects.
Earlier this year, Dr. Robert Johnson said, “I would have patients coming in saying they just ordered blue-
blocking glasses from the Internet for their daughter and what was my opinion. This blue-blocking situation has
been fake basically from the beginning. It’s a complete nonsense that comes from advertising.”
Instead of shelling out money for special shades, however, experts advise taking screen breaks. They
recommend small breaks away from screens every 20 minutes. During that break, look into the distance at an object
at least 20 feet away or farther, for 20 seconds or more. Also shut your eyes for 20 seconds during the break.
Johnson also goes by the “20-20-20 rule”. “For every 20 minutes, look away in excess (超过) of 20 feet for 20
seconds,” he said. “That will relax your focusing mechanism that will give your eyes a break and that will make
you more comfortable.”
28.What do Laura Downie’s words show in the second paragraph?
A．Blue-light glasses reduce visual tiredness.
B．Blue-light glasses help us get a good night sleep.
C．Blue-light glasses are unlikely to benefit our eyes.
D．Blue-light glasses improve computer use efficiency.
29.What’s Dr. Robert Johnson’s attitude toward using blue-light glasses?
A．Neutral.
B．Tolerant.
C．Supportive.
D．Disapproving.
30.What does the experts suggest to protect your eyes against blue light?
A．Observing the “20-20-20 rule”.
B．Setting up no screen time now and then.
C．Looking into the distance every 20 seconds.
D．Purchasing quality special shades for your eyes.
31.What might be the best title for the text?
A．A New Study Of Blue-light Glasses
B．Blue-light Glasses May Be Useless
C．An Effective Way To Protect Eyes
D．Blue-light Glasses Cause Issues
（七）
（2025·云南昆明市第一中学·一模）
C
The nonprofit organization COSACOSA established its Healing Art Project in 1990. Working with hospitals,
schools and community organizations, the program promotes physical and emotional healing for those suffering
from illness and physical disabilities.
Since the Healing Art Project began, COSACOSA has initiated a number of projects that have brought
people together to work on art pieces. Its founder Niemela still remembers its first project, which was created for
the Philadelphia International Airport between its two terminals (航站楼). Children across the city made over 1,200
small sculptures. They represented hopes, desires, or wishes that were shared by people globally, and in turn,
connected people with one another. The final piece, called Comnection, displayed these sculptures flowing from a
pair of hands entwined (缠绕) to form the shape of a bird.
Betsy Leschinsky, a teacher and artist who worked on Connection, remembers how relieved the children at
the local hospitals seemed to be when she offered them an opportunity to break from their routine of bed rest,
needles, and testing. Learning that their works would be on display at the airport excited them. “It lifted their
spirits; it was a hopeful moment for them,” said Leschinsky. “They expect that once I get out of here, I’ll be able to
see this.”
Connection hung between the two terminals for 11 years as the airport’s exhibition program. The hope was
that travelers, whether arriving, departing or rushing to make a connection, would pause for a moment to consider
their own role within their community, and to remind them that we were all connected. “We want to reclaim the
original role of art, which was to bring people together,” said Niemela. “If the process is healing that’s great, but
ultimately, it’s about building communities.”
28.What can we learn about Connection from paragraph 2?
A．It connected the airports.
B．It offered a resting place.
C．It conveyed good wishes.
D．It had sculptures of birds.
29.What can be inferred from Leschinsky’s words about the project?
A．It cheered sick children.
B．It do lighted art teachers.
C．It excited talented artists.
D．It benefited the hospitals.
30.Why was the project Connection built?
A．To stress one’s role in groups.
B．To give directions to travelers.
C．To display children’s artworks.
D．To share local life experiences.
31.Which might be a suitable title for the text?
A．Artworks Connect Air Travelers
B．Find Your True Self in Artworks
C．Healing Power of Children’s Art
D．Healing Art Builds Communities
（八）
（2025·云南昆明·一模）
C
AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher David Edmonds, is a collection
of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral dilemmas it will set off, painting a
picture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry. In this excerpt ( 节选), Muriel Leuenberger, a postdoctoral
researcher in the ethics (道德) of technology and AI at the University of Zurich, focuses on this very modern
identity crisis.
An AI that tells you who you are and what you should do is based on the idea that your identity is something
you can discover — information you or an AI may access. But this view misses an important point: we also choose
who we are.
Constantly relying on AI recommendation systems might calcify your identity. By recommending products
and other contents, you become more likely to consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered
suitable for you, gradually influencing you so much that you develop into who it took you to originally be.
This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In theory, they could be designed to
broaden the user’s horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing customers what they already like. In
practice, that’s not how they function.
Besides, by giving decisions to AI, you may fail to meet the moral demand to take responsibility for who you
are. This concern weighs particularly heavy when making the most substantial decisions. But even in ordinary
cases like selecting movies, music, books, or news, it would be good to put recommendation systems aside from
time to time, which in turn, calls for research, risk, and self-reflection.
An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out what they mean to you and how you
let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a way of seeking well-being. Through
your actions, you choose what kind of person you are.
28.What does the collection of essays focus on?
A．Potential benefits and risks of AI.
B．Various dominant roles of AI.
C．Recent policies on AI development.
D．Individual estimates of AI’s future.
29.What does the underlined word “calcify” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit.
B．Weaken.
C．Remember.
D．Reject.
30.What is the recommendation system designed for?
A．Developing users’ broader vision.
B．Prioritizing the most ideal choice.
C．Highlighting existing preferences.
D．Attracting consumers’ engagement.
31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To prove the uniqueness of AI.
B．To stress the huge influence of AI.
C．To present the confusion brought by AI. D．To advocate independent thinking in AI era.
（九）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市第五中学·一模）
C
Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it
than others. But a new study from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans
possess. Even fish can do it.
Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows,
horses, and birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of
Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex (大脑新皮层), the part of the brain
that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no
reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish,
a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey (猎物) out of the sky. They used this adaptation to
have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to
pick out their learned face, even when colours were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes
unclear.
This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big-
brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The
development of the necortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations.
But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behaviour. The subject of this
study was very small — only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only
white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have
shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.
28.Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects?
A．They spray water to hit the prey.
B．They are cleverer than other species.
C．They have sharp vision and hearing.
D．They aren’t closely related to humans.
29.What is the author’s attitude toward the study?
A．Cautious.
B．Negative.
C．Positive.
D．Ambiguous.
30.Which of the following might be suggested for further studies in the future?
A．Enlarging the human faces.
B．Using black-and-white pictures.
C．Employing more male researchers.
D．Including more experimental subjects.
31.What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To reveal the differences between species.
B．To show the way animals tell human faces apart.
C．To present a new discovery on a specific animal ability.
D．To introduce the animals that can recognize human faces.
（十）
（2025·云南玉溪·一模）
C
Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve moods by stimulating the
brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s
some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this
research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The
researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve moods. They provided students with one of the
three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by
having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the
students their comfort food.
They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza
or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two
separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another
food they liked, but they wouldn’t call it a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve
students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even
when they didn’t eat anything — most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the
time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge (纵情) in a comfort food
from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
28. Which aspect of comfort food do Traci Mann’s studies focus on?
A. The means by which it affects moods. B. Its role in reducing negativity.
C. The extent to which it lifts moods. D. Its impact on physical health.
29. How were the studies carried out?
A. By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. B. By observing students’ different reactions to foods.
C. By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. D. By collecting data about people from all walks of
life.
30. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a suggestion.
31. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food B. Comfort Food May Not Work Wonders
C. The Science Behind Comfort Food D. Comfort Food Tends to Be Unhealthy
（十一）
（2025·云南丽江·一模）
D
New research suggests that one night of sleep with just a small amount of light may have negative effects on
health.
The small, 20-person study conducted by Dr. Phyllis Zee, director of the Center for Circadian (生理节奏的)
and Sleep Medicine, was designed to measure the physiological effects of 100 lux ( 照度) of artificial light on
healthy adults while they were sleeping. For the study, all the participants spent their first night sleeping in a mostly
dark room. The next night, half of them slept in a better lit room. Meanwhile, the researchers ran tests on the
sleepers: brainwaves, heart rates and blood. In the morning, they’d give both groups a large amount of sugar to see
how well their systems responded to it.
The group exposed to the light had raised heart rates throughout the night, and also had trouble getting their
blood sugar into a normal range.
These changes suggest the small amount of light was enough to shift the nervous system to a more excited
and alert state. “It’s almost like the brain and the heart knew that the lights were on, although the individual was
sleeping,” says Zee.
While the findings of this study alone can’t predict what would happen in the long term, Dr. Colwell
suspects the harmful effects would be cumulative: “This was only one night, so imagine if you’ re living that way
constantly?”
“That’s going to increase the risk of long-term diseases,” says Dr. Charles Czeisler whose research has
looked at the consequences of circadian rhythm sleep disorder for longer than just one night. He concluded that the
unpleasant effects were primarily because of the “internal clock” being disturbed — not necessarily because of the
lack of sleep.
This is not to say that the lack of sleep doesn’t also have negative effects on health — it does — but he says
it simply stresses the lasting consequences of being exposed to light at nighttime.
“People think that as long as they fall asleep and are unconscious, it’s not having physiological effects, but
that’s simply not true,” Czeisler says.
32.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How the study is carried out.
B．What type of light affects sleep.
C．Who is in charge of the research.
D．Why light and sleep are connected.
33.What do we know about the new research?
A．Light plays a critical role in regulating circadian rhythm.
B．A small amount of light at night is linked with sleep depth.
C．Leaving the bedroom lights on leads to mental disorder.
D．Sleeping with a little bit of light isn’t good for your health.
34.What does the underlined word “cumulative” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Common.
B．Slight.
C．Increasing.
D．Accidental.
35.Which of the following might Czeisler agree with?
A．The more you sleep, the healthier you will be.
B．Physiological effects disappear with a sound sleep.
C．Sleep quality lies in how you feel about the sleep.
D．It is the circadian rhythm sleep disorder that matters.
（十二）
（2025·云南曲靖·一模）
Based on the manuscripts (手稿) found in Dunhuang, China, Xin Wen’s The Kings Road: Diplomacy and the
Remaking of the Silk Road is an account of the diplomatic missions that took place in eastern Eurasia between 800
CE and 1100 CE.
Rather than focusing on the political aspect of diplomatic relations, Xin Wen concentrates on the practical
aspects of relations in what he calls a “bottom-up view” of diplomacy. The book is an excellent balance of detailed
analysis of primary sources while also showing the significance of those documents in a broad historical context.
This book shows Dunhuang’s strategic importance since it lay at the heart of the conflicts and trade routes among
various states in eastern Eurasia.
This book is divided into three parts, and each part has its own guiding question. In Part One, the author
asks: who became diplomatic travelers? The book then spends its first three chapters on this question. Chapter One
introduces the Dunhuang manuscript collection. Chapter Two gives an account of the extremely diverse people who
made up diplomatic missions. Chapter Three focuses on the commodities that the diplomats carried with them, such
as food, clothes, texts, animals, and luxury items. Part Two poses the question: how did they travel? This question
is answered in the next four chapters. Chapter Four looks at the physical conditions of the road, and Chapter Five
deals with the social customs of travelers. Chapter Six explains the important role of gift-giving in diplomatic
exchanges, and Chapter Seven studies the use of language. In Part Three, the author explores the inquiry regarding
the types of international connections that the travelers created. The next three chapters of the book, which explore
this question, respectively (分别地) look at the economic, political, and cultural consequences of the network of
diplomatic travelers.
The book’s overall argument is that, despite the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road continued to
function as a mechanism for the exchange of people, goods, and ideas in eastern Eurasia. This book is a remarkably
in-depth analysis of an important topic that has previously received little attention. As one might expect from such
an academic book, it is written in a very formal and scholarly tone with few maps and illustrations. It would
probably be a difficult book for a reader without some degree of familiarity with the topic. To the field of Asian
Studies, this book is a highly valuable and insightful new contribution.
32.Where is the text most probably taken from?
A．An introduction to a book.
B．A review of ancient manuscripts.
C．A guidebook to diplomatic relations.
D．An essay on the history of the Silk Road.
33.What does Xin Wen center on in The King’s Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road?
A．The discovery of manuscripts.
B．The political aspect of diplomacy.
C．The practical aspect of diplomatic relations. D．The conflicts of different states in Eurasia.
34.What is presented in Chapter Ten?
A．Types of commodities that travelers carry.
B．Economic consequences of the network of travelers.
C．Political influences of the diplomatic travelers.
D．Cultural connections that travelers created.
35.What is a feature of The King’s Road: Diplomacy and the Remaking of the Silk Road?
A．It offers a great analysis of an ignored topic. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It includes sufficient maps and illustrations. D．It is intended for someone unfamiliar with the topic.
（十三）
（2025·云南保山市·一模）
D
With hunters wiping out most fruit-eating birds in the forest of Lambir Hills National Park on western Borne
o by the 1990s, the sky grew duller, and in a few years, so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the
diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, highlighting the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem
health. Just as Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich, calls it “the glue that keeps ecological
communities together”.
Recently, a study in Science reveals that at least one-third of European plant species are endangered. This
includes not just birds but also mammals, reptiles, and ants. Pedro Jordano, another ecologist, illustrated the study
“brilliant and captivating” but also “alarming”, warning that the loss of seed dispersers could prevent plants
expanding their ranges to adapt to climate change or recover from wildfires, especially in Europe’s highly
disjointed landscape. Ruben Heleno, a community ecologist, said, “We should not be afraid of using the word
crisis,” given the situation that plant species are facing.
Sara Mendes, a Ph. D．student at the University of Coimbra, searched through thousands of studies in 26
languages, focusing on terms like seed dispersal and the more than 900 European animals likely to consume seeds.
“The project requires a certain amount of craziness to be accomplished,” she said, adding that in all major
biogeographical areas in Europe, more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are either threatened or
decreasing.
Furthermore, the study discloses that over 60% of plants have five or fewer seed dispersers, making them
particularly susceptible to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical species. Nearly 80 “very high
concern” interactions where both the plant and its disperser are threatened or declining, such as the European fan
palm relying on the endangered rabbit, have been identified.
Despite the extensive data, significant gaps remain. International Union for Conservation of Nature
assessments are incomplete for 67% of the plant species, and the roles of various dispersers, especially for rare
plants, are still unclear. Ecologists warn that similar crises may be unfolding on other continents,
continents,including North America.
32.What’s the primary cause of the decline in fruit-producing plant diversity in Lambir Hills National Park?
A．The disjointedness of the European landscape.
B．The absence of birds to spread plant seeds.
C．The impact of climate change on plant species.
D．The removal of fruit-eating animals by hunters.
33.What is Ruben Heleno’s attitude towards the situation described in the passage?
A．Concerned.
B．Optimistic.
C．Neutral.
D．Indifferent.
34.What does the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Stable.
B．Sensitive.
C．Adaptable.
D．Resistant.
35.How is the information organized in the article?
A．Time order.
B．Problem-solution format.
C．Cause and effect structure.
D．Comparison among different species.
（十四）
（2025·云南文山壮族苗族自治州广南县第十中学校·一模）
D
“April snow” is not real snow but catkins (飞絮) from willows and pop lar trees that bloom in spring. But for
allergy sufferers (过敏患者), it signals the start of a tough season.
Catkins can trigger allergies, causing a stuffy nose ( 鼻塞), swollen eyes, itchy skin, and sometimes even
asthma ( 哮喘). In spring, the female trees grow inflorescences ( 花序), a bunch of flowers on a branch, to
reproduce. When these inflorescences finish growing, they burst, producing cotton-like seeds. These seeds are
spread by the wind, posing a problem for people with allergies.
Luckily, scientists have found various ways to control these annoying catkins. Performing “gender change
surgery” on pop lar and willow trees is one of them. It involves cutting off the branches of female trees and
replacing them with male branches, which reduces the number of catkins.
Successful “surgery” is most likely in trees under 10 years old as that is when they grow the fastest. After the
“gender change surgery”, these trees need to be specially looked after for about three years until they fully recover.
The process is also expensive and not very efficient, with a skilled worker being able to do fewer than ten trees in a
day. From 2008 to 2018, only around 1000 poplar and willow trees underwent the process in Beijing, reported
Outlook Weekly in 2022.
Some local departments chose to inject inhibitors (抑制剂) into the trees to control catkins. “The injection
redirects the nutrients (营养物) of pop lar and willow trees used for reproduction to growth. It’s not harmful and
makes the trees leafier, Xu Qinming from a management center of the Wuxi Municipal Bureau of Administration
and Landscape told Science and Technology Daily. But the effects don’t last forever-the trees need to be injected
every year to cut down the number of catkins.
Other than injections, there’s also “medicine”. Before the catkins form, medication can be sprayed ( 喷洒)
straight onto the trees. This method can efficiently manage catkin numbers in the short term. Still, how much
medicine and when to spray it need to be carefully considered to prevent any negative environmental impacts.
32.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．The development process of catkins.
B．The characteristics of catkins.
C．The environmental impact of catkins.
D．The influence of catkins on allergy sufferers.
33.How is “gender change surgery” performed on trees?
A．By changing the genetic makeup of trees.
B．By shaping the trees in a specific way.
C．By injecting medicine into tree branches.
D．By attaching male branches to female trees.
34.What is a disadvantage of using inhibitors to control catkins?
A．The need for yearly injections.
B．Their negative effects on trees.
C．Their high cost and low efficiency.
D．Their limited impact on older trees.
35.What must be considered when spraying trees with medication?
A．Tree recovery time.
B．Speed of application.
C．Environmental impact.
D．Short-term effectiveness.
（十五）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市腾冲市第八中学·一模）
D
From immersive videos that spotlight lesser-known destinations to packing and transport advice, offering a
wide range of authentic and diverse content, the social platform TikTok has become a vital source of knowledge
and inspiration when it comes to exploring the world.
TikTok was launched in 2016 and has since grown an audience exceeding one billion monthly active users.
Its snappy format — short, shareable videos — and addictive algorithm ( 算法) has proved particularly popular
among younger people, with 70% of its users aged under 34. More than 60% of Gen Z Americans have used
TikTok as a search engine. The app has seen a 410% increase in travel content views since 2021. More than 70% of
TikTok’s European audience say they’re likely to book a holiday based on recommendations from the platform.
TikTok attracts an array of content creators, whose insights can be invaluable for travelers. Entering a search
term such as “top things to do in Paris” will bring up endless videos, and the algorithm will adapt to these interests
next time you scroll.
But they also have the potential to cause harm, at times guiding thousands of visitors to places that don’t
have adequate facilities to cope. Many destinations have fallen victim to their own success. Some businesses have
been fighting back, including Dae, a cafe in New York,which introduced a no-video policy last year, stating: “The
TikToks... have gotten a bit out of control for us.” There’s also the issue of the promotion of unethical tourism.
When Dr.Natara Loose, an American vet, visited Mauritius this year, she says she was “shocked by the number of
boats selling tours to swim with dolphins, a practice that’s illegal in Mauriti us but that’s splashed all over TikTok.”
For better or worse, it’s clear the platform’s influence on travel is enormous, particularly among younger
generations and it isn’t going anywhere any time soon.
32.TikTok is important in world exploration because _________.
A．it features the latest information
B．it provides much relevant content
C．it immerses viewers in long videos
D．it keeps people from lesser-known sites
33.How is Paragraph 2 developed?
A．By comparing facts.
B．By listing figures.
C．By giving descriptions.
D．By analyzing causes.
34.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The potential ban on TikTok.
B．The negative influence of TikTok.
C．The illegal practice of local tourism.
D．The common complaint from travelers.
35.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．Senior citizens will rely on TikTok.
B．Other social media will replace TikTok.
C．TikTok will be less influential over time.
D．The impact of TikTok on travel will remain.
(十六）
（2025·云南昆明市·一模）
D
Encouraging bilingualism, the ability to speak two languages equally well, at home can have many benefits
on mental processes of understanding, which may be particularly helpful to kids with autism ( 自闭症), a new
research indicates.
The new research explored the role of bilingualism in 112 children, including children with typical
development and children with autism, between the ages of 7 to 12 years old. Overall, they found that children who
spoke two or more languages often had stronger executive (执行) functioning skills. This means they are able to
control the sudden desire and to switch between different tasks more easily than children who only speak one
language.
Published in the journal Autism Research, the results are significant because executive functioning skills are
a key challenge for children with autism, but are important for all kids to develop in school and later in the
workplace. While executive function skills develop and improve across the whole life, individuals with autism
often struggle with executive functioning, affecting their ability to manage daily tasks and adapt to new situations.
An idea called joint activation from the field of neuroscience (神经科学) can help explain the results. Prior
research suggests that the bilingual brain has two languages constantly active and competing. As a result, the daily
experience of shifting between these languages is associated with enhanced executive control. “If you have to deal
with two languages, you have to control one intentionally in order to use the other. That's the idea, that restriction or
the ability to stop you from doing something, might be strengthened by knowing two languages,” says Lucina
Uddin, now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.
“This will surely bring a sense of relief to many of our families living with loved ones with autism. But
maybe it takes time to translate that to families,” says Lynn Perry, an associate professor at the University of
Miami. Perry intends to conduct further research with preschool children to see if bilingualism also has an impact
on kids’ interpersonal skills, which are crucial for children's social and mental development.
32.What can be learned about executive functioning skills?
A．They help develop children's bilingualism.
B．They contribute to children's sudden desire.
C．They are hard to obtain for kids with autism. D．They are formed between the ages of 7 to 12.
33.How does the idea “joint activation” work?
A．By activating the prior memory.
B．By switching to other learning tasks.
C．By preventing language competitions.
D．By enhancing restriction on one language.
34.What might the follow-up study focus on?
A．Bilingualism's application in other fields.
B．Parents' rising awareness of bilingualism.
C．Ways to cure preschool children with autism.D．Bilingualism's effect on kids' social interaction.
35.What is the text mainly about?
A．The benefits of being bilingual.
B．The causes and effects of autism.
C．The strategies to master two languages.
D．The role bilingualism plays in fighting autism.
（十七）
（2025·云南保山市腾冲市第五中学·一模）
D
Researchers recently presented new findings from a study of a spine-stimulating implant(脊柱刺激植入物),
a medical device placed inside the body. Three patients suffering from spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), a muscle-
destroying disease, experienced a remarkable change. After using the implant, they got a bit stronger, which
enabled them to stand and walk with more ease.
Led by Marco Capogrosso, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh, the research brought
surprising results. “These patients didn’t expect any improvement at all,” Capogrosso said. However, during the
one-month study, they steadily got better. The implant, which was initially tested for treating paralysis( 瘫痪),
showed potential in treating SMA．It is a genetic disease that makes muscles shrink, especially in the legs, hips,
and shoulders. There is no cure. A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the
disease, and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients.
Stimulating the spinal cord( 脊髓)with low-level electricity has long been used to treat long-lasting pain.
Capogrosso’s team also applied this method to help spinal cord-injured patients move their arms. The device sends
electrical signals to nerves that don’t respond, which makes the muscles work. In this study, electrodes(电极)were
put on the lower spinal cord of three adult SMA patients. The results were encouraging. Although normal
movement wasn’t fully restored, all patients experienced enhanced muscle strength and function after a few hours
of spinal stimulation per week. By the end of the study, all three could walk farther in six minutes.
Fifty-seven-year-old Doug McCullough, one of the participants, was thrilled. “For a disease like this that
gets worse, improvement is unheard of. So, any positive change is truly amazing,” he said. Neuroscientist Susan
Harkema, who has done similar research on spinal cord injury stimulation, noted that while this study was small
and short-term, it was still significant. She suggested further testing on other muscle-wasting diseases. Capogrosso
has already started some small but longer-term studies.
32.What did the study find about the spine-stimulating implant?
A．It improved muscle strength.
B．It reduced long-term pain.
C．It cured spinal muscle atrophy.
D．It replaced gene treatment.
33.How did the researchers conduct the experiment?
A．They assisted patients in moving their arms.
B．They stimulated muscles in the legs and hips.
C．They examined the areas causing severe pain.
D．They placed electrodes on the lower spinal cord.
34.What did Susan Harkema suggest for future research?
A．Applying the implant to more SMA patients.
B．Providing people with access to the implant.
C．Testing the implant’s potential for related conditions.
D．Extending treatment time to achieve full recovery.
35.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To give advice on treating paralysis.
B．To introduce a spinal implant study.
C．To compare various SMA treatments.
D．To clarify the causing factors of SMA．
（十八）
（2025·云南玉溪·一模）
D
Bees have evolved to be skillful flying builders. Worker insects team up to finish a complex hive (蜂房) that
ends up being many times their size. It is these insect building teams that inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist at
Imperial College London, to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing.
A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself.
Dr Kovac’s team has removed these limits by giving the printer nozzle wings. They designed a system of flying
robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle,
while the scanners are equipped with cameras that monitor the building process.
The building process switches between builders and scanners, layer by layer, printing and adjusting until the
structure is complete. To start, the builder hovers over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of building
material as it moves skillfully along its flight path. Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the
scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then calculates the next layer that the builder should
make, while also correcting any errors.
The researchers tested the system by building both a large cylinder (圆柱) made of foam and a small cylinder
made of the cement mixture. The tasks were not simple due to the difficulty in ensuring maximum stability. Dr
Kovac’s robots made it with flying colours
— the cylinders were built to be within 5 mm of the width and height
of the planned structures, meeting British building standard.
While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac believes their primary use will
initially be in repair. The flying robots can operate anywhere, making them ideal for fixing things in dangerous or
inaccessible places. These robots could be used more quickly, cheaply, and with less risk to humans. Thinking more
long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots building on the surfaces of the Moon or
Mars.
32. What is the design of Dr Kovac’s team based on?
A. Bees building hives while flying. B. Bees flying in a flexible way.
C. Bees growing bigger than the hive. D. Bees working together as a team.
33. What is the function of the builders in the building process?
A. Correcting any errors. B. Spraying construction material.
C. Carrying the scanning camera. D. Monitoring the building process.
34. What does “made it with flying colours” underlined in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Lost balance in the sky. B. Passed the test excellently.
C. Stopped the work halfway. D. Made the cylinders colourful.
35. What might the flying robots first be used to do according to Dr Kovac?
A. Manufacture products. B. Construct buildings.
C. Repair damage in risky places. D. Monitor air pollution in the sky.
