第03 讲 阅读理解——研究报告类说明文
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查研究报告problem--solution--result 类
考向02 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--
evidence(experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类
考向03 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion 类
02 核心突破练
研究报告说明文创新练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查研究报告problem--solution--result 类
1.（2025·宁夏回族自治区银川一中月考）
Some studies estimate that by 2025, about 35.7 million Americans or 22% of the workforce will be remote
workers. Now more people are choosing to welcome a location-independent, technology-enabled lifestyle that
allows them to travel and work remotely. They are called digital nomads (数字游民), and the trend is becoming
more and more widespread.
The growing popularity of this location-independent lifestyle has stimulated an interest in digital nomad
visas. As a result, countries are introducing visa options to lure foreigners for extended stays. For example,
Indonesia announced that the country is developing a new visa that would be effective for five years — longer than
any other digital nomad visa currently available. The emergence of digital nomad visas signifies a progressive
response to the rising demand for this new lifestyle.
Meanwhile, the conventional image of digital nomads is undergoing a transformation. Digital nomads used
to be thought of as twenty-somethings backpacking from hostel to hostel, looking for anywhere they could plug in
their laptop. But flexible work and homeschooling have helped introduce a new type of digital nomad that wants to
see the world and create lasting memories with their families. It’s called the “anywhere worker”. Most anywhere
workers can be found in high-tech jobs, with 61% working full-time. Almost half of people in this category are
married, and, unlike the typical digital nomad, 70% are parents who take their families with them.
Consistent with the changing image of digital nomads, there is also a shift from valuing possessions to
focusing on experiences. Millennils in particular, are fueling this trend. Rather than spending money on expensive
watches or luxury cars, younger generations prefer to invest in experiences like concerts, rock climbing and
traveling. According to one study, more than three in four Millennials would rather spend their hard-earned money
on a thrilling experience or event over buying a product.
As remote work opportunities increase, the trend of living a digital nomadic lifestyle is expected to continue
growing, allowing more individuals to pursue their dream lifestyles. Nevertheless, whether or not it will stand the
test of time remains to be seen.
1．What makes remote work possible?
A．The rise of digital nomads.
B．The technology advancement.
C．The availability of digital nomad visas.
D．The increased demand for work-life balance.
2．What does the underlined word “lure” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Request.
B．Entertain.
C．Fascinate.
D．Guide.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The shopping habits of Millennials.
B．The analysis of Millennials’ image.
C．The changing values of digital nomads.
D．The benefits of a digital nomadic lifestyle.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital nomads?
A．Positive.
B．Negative.
C．Neutral.
D．Ambiguous.
2.（2025·陕西省西安高新唐南中学第七次模拟）
The Evolution of Aerospace: Trends and Prospects
The aerospace industry is on the limit of a revolutionary era, driven by technological advancements,
sustainability goals, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. As we approach 2025, several key trends are set to
redefine this dynamic sector.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems are becoming deeply embedded in aerospace and
defense. AI is enhancing air traffic control and flight management, optimizing (优先) light paths, and improving
fuel efficiency. Autonomous aircraft, including drones and eVTOLs (electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing
vehicles), are rapidly advancing. These innovations promise to revolutionize urban air mobility and military
operations.
The industry is also focusing an reducing its environmental impact. Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are
being developed by companies like Airbus and Boeing. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) and advanced materials
like carbon fiber composites (复合材料) are also gaining traction (拉力). These efforts aim to make air travel more
eco-friendly.
Space remains a critical domain (领域) for both commercial and defense interests. Private companies like
SpaceX and Blue Origin are driving the commercialization of space. By 2025, we can expect significant
advancements in space tourism, satellite launches, and lunar exploration. Governments are also increasing their
focus on space defense, developing anti-satellite weapons and missile defense systems.
Despite these advancements, the aerospace industry faces several challenges. Supply chain issues, workforce
shortages, and geopolitical tensions are major concerns. However, the industry is adapting through AI-driven
solutions, strategic partnerships and increased investment in cybersecurity.
By 2025, the aerospace industry will be shaped by the integration of AI, the commercialization of space, and
a growing emphasis on sustainability. These trends will create new opportunities and challenges, requiring
innovation and adaptability. As the industry navigates these changes, it will continue to play a crucial role in global
security, economic development, and technological progress.
1．How is AI being used in the aerospace industry?
A．To reduce the number of flights.
B．To optimize flight paths and improve fuel efficiency.
C．To replace human pilots completely.
D．To increase the cost of air travel.
2．Why is space defense becoming a top priority?
A．Decreasing interest in satellite communication.
B．Reduction in commercial space activities.
C．Declining investment in space exploration.
D．Growing reliance on space-based facilities and rising threats.
3．What challenges does the aerospace industry face?
A．Supply chain issues and workforce shortages.
B．Decreasing demand for air travel.
C．Lack of technological innovation.
D．Reduced investment in cybersecurity.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the aerospace industry?
A．Skeptical.
B．Pessimistic.
C．Optimistic.
D．Indifferent.
3.（2025·浙江省杭州市高三二模）
Most people see innovation as a flash of brilliance and Eureka, a new world is born. When Alexander
Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a bacteria culture he had grown was infected by fungus ( 霉菌),
killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. He
identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a single stroke, created the
new field of antibiotics. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread
use.
To put Fleming’s discovery in context, consider Ignaz Semmelweis, who pioneered hand washing in
maternity wards ( 产房), significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame. That was
because in the 1850s, his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory, which attributed disease to “bad airs”.
After his death in 1865, germ theory was accepted, paving the way for Fleming’s later work.
Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published his results in 1929, few took
notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper, understood its importance, and
developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board
enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of
antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin owes much of its success to government support. For many other groundbreaking innovations like
the Internet and GPS, their innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of where the opportunity
lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations, who might have the resources to fast-track their
ideas. So, look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks
down.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．An account of a lab story.
B．Redefinition of a traditional view.
C．Correction of a popular misconception. D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon.
2．What is the message conveyed about Fleming’s story?
A．Great minds think alike.
B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Luck’s got your back when it comes to success.
D．Early work is a steppingstone to later breakthroughs.
3．What does the underlined part “ushering in” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Delaying.
B．Introducing.
C．Predicting.
D．Transforming.
4．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．Great Innovations: Individuals Are True Heroes.
B．From Failure to Success: The Story of Penicillin.
C．The Lone Genius: Fleming’s Discovery of Penicillin.
D．The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens.
考向02 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,
result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类
1.（2025 届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高三下学期适应性考试）
The future of space food could be simple and strange. For decades, astronauts have relied mostly on
prepackaged food or the occasional grown vegetables during their visits to outer space. With missions beyond
Earth’s orbit in sight, a NASA led competition is hoping to change all that and start a new era of sustainable space
food.
To solve the problem of feeding astronauts on long duration missions, the US space agency started the Deep
Space Food Challenge in January 2022, asking companies to propose novel ways to develop sustainable foods for
future missions. About 200 companies entered, which were narrowed down to 11 teams in January 2023 as part of
phase 2. On November 19, NASA announced the teams that will progress into the final phase of the competition,
with some winners to be announced in March, 2025.
All teams had to show systems that could operate for three years and feed a crew of four on a future space
mission. The proposals did not need to supply a crew’s entire diet, but they did need to create a variety of nutritious
foods to the astronauts.
One company took an incredibly unusual approach to the task. Air Company, based in New York, designed a
system that could use the carbon dioxide breathed out by astronauts in space to produce alcohol, which can then be
fed to yeast ( 酵母) and produce “something that’s suitable for eating”. “It’s making food out of the air.” says
Stafford Sheehan, co-founder and chief technology officer of Air Company, “It sounds like magic, but when you
see it actually operating, it’s much more simple.”
Interstellar Lab in Florida had a different approach. Its system, called NUCLEUS, is a set of small capsules.
Each is self-contained, with its own temperature, watering system, etc. That would allow different vegetables to be
planted so that astronauts can easily grow their own food in space.
While the winning ideas from the Deep Space Food Challenge won’t immediately be used by astronauts,
they show what might be possible on future missions. “You’ve got to start years in advance to make sure you have
the capability in place when you need it,” says Ralph Fritsche, senior project manager for space crop production at
NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
1．Why was the Deep Space Food Challenge launched?
A．To find tasty foods for astronauts.
B．To found a space food supply center.
C．To develop a new source of space food.
D．To attract astronauts to food exploration.
2．Which might be the requirement to become the winning company?
A．Future space missions lasting three years.
B．Entire diets for long-lasting space research.
C．Concrete proposals involving a crew of four.
D．Sustainable supply of nutritious space foods.
3．What do paragraphs 4 and 5 focus on?
A．Describing future space food.
B．Showing solutions from competing companies.
C．Introducing the current status of space food.
D．Explaining the nutritional needs of space food.
4．What is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Astronauts produce more space food.
B．Space explorers face a lack of nutrition.
C．New types of space foods are on the way.
D．Future space missions last even longer.
2.（2025·安徽省合肥市第七中学高三第四次质检）
A global study comparing 2,062 birds finds that, in highly variable environments, birds tend to have either
larger or smaller brains relative to their body size. Birds with smaller brains tend to use ecological strategies that
are not available to big-brained ones. “The fact is that there are a great many species that do quite well with
small brains,” said Trevor Fristoe, first author of the study from Washington University.
Previous studies had found general trends toward larger relative brain sizes at higher latitudes (纬度), where
conditions are more variable. This new study is different because it looks at the full distribution of brain sizes
across environments, allowing the researchers to test whether different sizes are over-or under-represented. They
found that at higher latitudes, bird brains are significantly more likely to be either relatively large or relatively small
compared to body size.
What was going on here? Fristoe, born in Alaska, had a few ideas. He suggests that the Alaska state bird, the
ptarmigan (雷鸟), might be a typical example of the small-brained species. Lovable though it is, it’s not exactly
known for its smarts. The ptarmigan can, however, feed on branches and willow leaves.
“We find that small-brained species in these environments employ strategies that are unachievable with a
large brain. These species are able to live on readily available but difficult to digest resources such as needles of
conifers (针叶树), or even branches. These foods can be found even during extreme winter conditions, but they are
fibrous and require a large gut ( 肠道) to digest,” Fristoe said. “Gut tissue, like brain tissue, is energetically
demanding, and limited budgets mean that it is challenging to maintain a lot of both.”
“Brains are not evolving separately — they are part of a broader suite of adaptations that help creatures
succeed in their lives,” said Carlos Botero, assistant professor of biology and co-author of the study. “Biologists,
ourselves included, have historically believed that environmental variability drives the expansion of brain size. But
when we take a broader view, we realize that other strategies also work — and remarkably, the alternative here
involves making a brain actually smaller!”
1．How does Fristoe’ s research differ from previous studies?
A．It arrives at a conflicting conclusion.
B．It focuses on birds with smaller brains.
C．It covers a wider range of brain sizes.
D．It reveals birds’ evolving processes.
2．What do we know about the ptarmigan?
A．It is considered fairly intelligent.
B．It has a powerful digesting system.
C．It has a relatively large body size.
D．It has a selective feeding habit.
3．What can be inferred about smaller brains from Botero’s words?
A．They are typical of independent evolution.
B．They are a result of limited budgets.
C．They are not for variable environments. D．They are an effective survival strategy.
4．what can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Smaller the Brain, the Smarter
B．Big Brains: Adapt to Higher Latitudes
C．Big Brains or Big Guts: Choose One
D．Evolutions of Brain Size in Birds
3.（2025·河北省石家庄市普通高中毕业年级教学质量检测（三））
Scientists have been looking at DNA to store all types of data, not just biological, but also digital. Yet while
DNA is a great storage material, it’s also quite delicate. Water or heat can damage it easily unless it’s given an
amber-like (似琥珀) coating. That new idea was borrowed from the 1993movie Jurassic Park, in which scientists
cloned dinosaurs from DNA trapped in amber.
DNA is the world’s oldest data storage device. The most amazing thing about DNA is that it can potentially
be used to store any type of data. Putting information into DNA uses a process called encoding. “Your computer
stores information in a binary format ( 二进制), zeroes and ones,” notes Karishma Matange, a computational
biologist. “Encoding works to change these zeroes and ones into A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can store
information.” The order of the bases in DNA is called sequence (序列), which spells out the information it holds.
To pull information back out from the DNA, you rewind the process.
Scientists can store DNA for long periods. But it requires freezing temperatures, special equipment and
dangerous chemicals, which makes the process costly. James Banal, a scientist in San Carlos, California, and his
team came up with a new method T-REX. His team uses this method to trap DNA in a material similar to plastic.
“Plastics are durable.” Banal points out. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA．
To test it, the team encoded the Jurassic Park theme music and a person’s genome into DNA．Then they put
the DNA in the glassy plastic. Damp and heat are DNA’s biggest threats. But the T-REX material keeps damp out.
The researchers heated it up to 75° Celsius. Later, they got the DNA by breaking the coating down. The best part,
Banal says, is that the broken-down material can be reused to store DNA again.
Banal and his colleagues want to use the T-REX method to preserve genetic data or even safely store
biological samples that will be launched into space. And we might one day use it to store the massive amounts of
data people generate every day.
1．How is digital information stored into DNA?
A．By turning binary code into DNA bases.
B．By freezing the DNA at low temperatures.
C．By coating the DNA with amber material.
D．By sequencing DNA from ancient samples.
2．What is the main advantage of the T-REX method for DNA storage?
A．Breaking DNA down with chemicals.
B．Offering cost-effective storage of DNA．
C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness.
D．Withdrawing whole DNA from dinosaurs.
3．What will the DNA storage technology be used for in the future?
A．Cloning extinct dinosaurs.
B．Reducing global plastic pollution.
C．Preserving diverse samples.
D．Speeding future space exploration.
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．A breakthrough in DNA data storage technology.
B．How digital technology advances DNA analysis.
C．The biological applications of DNA repairing system.
D．How Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservation research.
4.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖外语学校期中）
Research led by the University of Leeds has found that children do better at primary school if their fathers
regularly spend time with them on interactive engagement (互动式参与) activities like reading, playing, telling
stories, drawing and singing.
Analyzing primary school test scores for five-and seven-year-olds, the researchers used a representative
sample of nearly 5,000 mother-father households in England. According to the research, dads who regularly drew,
played and read with their three-year-olds helped their children do better at school by age five. Dads being involved
at age five also helped improve scores in seven-year-olds’ Key Stage Assessments.
Dr Helen Norman, who led the research, said, “Mothers still tend to assume the primary carer role and
therefore tend to do the most childcare, but if fathers actively engage in childcare too, it significantly increases the
likelihood of children getting better grades in primary school. This is why encouraging and supporting fathers in
sharing childcare with the mother, from an early stage in the child's life, is critical. ”
Dads’ involvement impacted positively on their children’s school achievement regardless of the child's
gender, ethnicity, age in the school year and household income, according to the research. There were different
effects when moms and dads took part in the same activities - the data showed that moms had more of an impact on
young children's emotional and social behaviors than educational achievement.
The researchers recommend that dads spare as much time as they can to engage in interactive activities with
their children each week. For busy, working dads, even just ten minutes a day could potentially have educational
benefits. They also recommend that schools and early years education providers routinely take both parents' contact
details and develop strategies to engage fathers and keep a record of father-engagement.
Dr Jeremy Davies, who co-authored the report, said, “Our analysis has shown that fathers have an important,
direct impact on their children’s learning. We should be recognizing this and actively finding ways to support dads
in playing their part, rather than engaging only with mothers, or taking a gender-neutral approach. ”
1．How did the researchers conduct the study?
A．By assessing parent-child relationships. B．By observing educational parent-child activities.
C．By classifying children's individual interests.
D．By examining children’s academic performance.
2．What does Helen Norman try to tell us in Paragraph 3?
A．Shared childcare is highly beneficial.
B．Education starts from the family.
C．Children need a sense of belonging.
D．Father excels in educating children.
3．Which of the following do the researchers recommend?
A．Fathers reduce working hours.
B．Schools involve fathers in children’s learning.
C．Mothers keep track of children's studies. D．Educators find ways to support mothers.
4．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Shift in Parents’ Roles in Childcare.B．The Impact of Fathers on Children’s Education.
C．Mom vs. Dad: Who Influences Kids More?
D．Interactive Activities: How Do They Affect Kids’
Grades?
5.（2025·江西省南昌市青山湖区江西师范大学附属中月考）
Teenagers who have close, secure relationships with their families are more likely to extend empathy (同理
心) to their peers, according to a new study.
The study, conducted at the University of Virginia’s Adolescent Research Group, followed 174 adolescents
from the ages of 14 to 18 to track their progress annually. At age 14, researchers interviewed the teens regarding
their family relationships using a modified version of the Adult Attachment Interview, which is considered the
“gold standard” of assessing one’s attachment state of mind. Jessica Stern, lead author of the study, said this
motivated the teens to share descriptions and stories about their families. Researchers paid attention to not only
what the teens said but also how they expressed it.
After these initial interviews, researchers went back to the participants at ages 16, 17 and 18 and observed
their interactions with a close friend. The researchers noted how the participants responded when their friend
presented a problem and revealed it to them, assessing the participants’ extension of empathy. Teens who had more
secure family relationships showed higher empathy toward their friends at ages 16 and 17 than less secure teens.
It’s not all bad news, though, because the less secure teens “caught up” in their empathic behavior by age 18. This
is cause for hope, Stern said, because it may indicate that those empathic skills can develop over time for
adolescents who don’t have great relationships at home. Having strong friendships or a trusted teacher might make
an impact on insecure teens’ empathy.
More research is being conducted on this particular group of participants, who are now in their mid-30s. The
researchers are interested in seeing how the empathic abilities they examined in the teens now shape their romantic
relationships and parenting behavior as adults. Being able to pick up on other people’s emotions and see from
their point of view is important “for a variety of other things that we consider success in the world,” Stern said.
For parents and even teachers, Stern advises understanding the necessity of empathy and really investing in
relationships with teens. Providing models of empathic behavior, including treating others with kindness, respect
and support, can help adolescents internalize that behavior.
1．What do we know about the research?
A．It was a long-term study.
B．It revealed gender differences.
C．It involved big data analysis.
D．It explored problem-solving strategies.
2．What can be inferred about the less secure teens during the study?
A．They showed a decline in empathy.
B．They became more eager for empathy.
C．They maintained consistent levels of empathy.
D．They initially struggled but improved in empathy.
3．What would help adolescents develop empathy according to the last paragraph?
A．Demonstrating empathy in action.
B．Rewarding their progress in empathy.
C．Engaging them in classroom discussions.
D．Monitoring their interpersonal relationships.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The power of empathy for future success.
B．Teenagers’ empathy linked to family bonds.
C．The impact of friendship on adolescent empathy.
D．Attachment theory and teens’ empathy development.
6.（2025 届北京市精华学校高三三模）
Rising global carbon dioxide levels tied to global warming may not be as crucial in determining the
composition of plant communities as other localized climate changes.
“Nobody really knows what the increases in carbon dioxide are going to entail in terms of future changes in
vegetation types,” said Mark Brenner, a University of Florida assistant professor of paleolimnology, the study of
ancient lakes. “It looks like climate changes in different areas may be more important than carbon dioxide, at least
carbon dioxide by itself,” he said.
Brenner’s research team based their conclusions on an analysis of sediment (沉积物) from two lake bottoms,
one in northern Mexico and one in northern Guatemala. The researchers used new techniques that allowed them to
analyze only the remains of land plants, specifically their leaf waxes. By measuring the isotope composition of the
leaf waxes, the researchers were able to distinguish two broad categories of plants living in these areas — so-called
C3 and C4 plants, which have different photosynthetic (光合作用的) processes, the process by which green plants
turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy from sunlight. Many C4 plants are tropical grasses, while
most tropical trees are C3 plants. The researchers analyzed sediments deposited over the last 27,000 years, from the
last ice age to the current geological period. Over this period, there was a worldwide, relatively uniform increase in
atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
Brenner said that if carbon dioxide played the major role in determining plant composition, one would
assume that analysis of the sediments would reveal very similar changes in relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants
in the two places over the study period. But, in fact, the researchers found that trends in the two types of plants
were different at the two locations. The changes were related not with carbon dioxide levels, but with shifts in
rainfall. “The result appears to be that climate factors, especially moisture availability, determine whether C4 or C3
plants dominate in an area, not carbon dioxide,” Brenner said.
Many scientists believe global warming will cause major variation in local climates worldwide, with some
wet areas becoming dry and dry areas becoming wet. If that happens, it could have more impact on relative C3
versus C4 plant distribution than the rising carbon dioxide levels.
1．What can be inferred in the first paragraph?
A．Climate change affects plant community composition more than rising CO2 levels.
B．Localized climate shifts may not be as crucial as carbon dioxide.
C．Nobody knows which one is important.
D．Carbon dioxide levels is crucial to the global warming.
2．According to the third paragraph, which one is NOT true?
A．Tropical grasses are usually C4 plants.
B．C3 and C4 plants used to live in northern Mexico and Guatemala.
C．C3 and C4 plants don’t have the same processes.
D．Tropical trees are all C3 plants.
3．Why were trends in C3 and C4 plants different at the two locations?
A．The assumption that carbon dioxide played the major role is wrong.
B．The carbon dioxide played an important role.
C．The moisture availability was different.
D．The carbon dioxide level was different.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Climates factors determine the plant distribution and composition of plant communities.
B．Global warming will cause major variation.
C．How has Brenner’s research team proved a truth.
D．C3 and C4 plants are important plants in determining the composition of plant communities.
7.（2025 届重庆市高三下5 月全真模拟）
The boom of artificial intelligence has sparked a wave of new possibilities, but it’s also causing fears among
many Americans about their jobs. Recent surveys indicate growing public anxiety, with 51% of Americans
expressing concern that AI might replace human jobs, which reflects the groundbreaking power of AI across
various industries.
Research highlights notable differences in perception between experts and the general public. While 73% of
respondents believe cashier positions will decline due to AI, and 67% anticipate reductions in factory jobs, opinions
vary sharply regarding truck drivers. Only 33% of the public foresees job losses in this sector, compared to 62% of
Al experts who predict substantial impacts. This gap suggests that the public may underestimate Al's potential to
disrupt certain professions.
A crucial distinction exists between traditional automation and modern Al capabilities. As Molly Kinder
from the Brookings Institution says, some of these opinions are confusing old automation with what generative AI
can do. “Generative AI is not your grandparents’ automation. It’s moving up the skill chain... in ways I don’t think
the public is fully aware of.” Unlike earlier technologies that primarily affected manufacturing, contemporary AI
can perform complex cognitive tasks such as document analysis, legal research, and financial forecasting —
functions traditionally associated with white-collar professionals.
Studies identify several vulnerable sectors, including office administration, legal services, and financial
operations. However, researchers caution against simplistic predictions of job elimination (淘汰). Mark Muro, co-
author of a Brookings report, notes, “AI is more likely to transform jobs than replace them entirely.” This
perspective suggests that while certain tasks may be automated, new opportunities for human-AI collaboration may
emerge.
The adoption of AI has been slower than expected in regulated fields like healthcare and law, where human
judgment remains crucial. Nevertheless, as MIT professor Eric So observes, “AI’s capabilities are evolving at an
unprecedented pace.” From basic chatbots to sophisticated decision-making systems, AI continues to reshape the
workplace, creating both challenges and possibilities that society must carefully navigate.
1．Which profession shows the largest difference in perception?
A．Cashiers.
B．Truck drivers.
C．Factory workers.
D．Legal professionals.
2．What does Molly Kinder emphasize about generative AI?
A．It is limited to simple repetitive tasks.
B．It primarily affects manufacturing jobs.
C．It can perform complex cognitive tasks.D．It has been widely adopted in healthcare.
3．What is Mark Muro’s view on AI's impact on jobs?
A．AI will create more jobs than it eliminates.
B．AI is likely to shift rather than replace jobs.
C．AI will completely replace human workers.
D．AI will have no significant impact on employment.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the development of AI?
A．Objective.
B．Supportive.
C．Dismissive.
D．Doubtful.
考向03 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion 类
1.（2025·安徽省阜阳市第三中学期中）
It’s common to hear that being “emotional” is opposite from being “rational (理性的)”. For many people,
there is no place for emotion in rational thinking. However, some recent work from our lab suggests something
opposite.
We found that individuals who score higher on tests of intelligence and rationality don’t ignore ( 忽略)
emotions. Instead, they pay more attention to emotions and are better at recognizing and understanding emotions.
This is because most intelligent decision-making requires emotional information. Emotions tell us what we want,
and we can’t make smart decisions without first knowing what our goals are.
For example, as a mother, if I want to make my children happy, and I know they like video games, it would
make sense for me to buy them a video game. But, if I instead want them to stay focused on homework, then it
wouldn’t make sense for me to buy them the video game. You can see from this example that a rational decision
can’t be made unless I know various pieces of emotional information.
Anticipating others’ emotions may help us be more effective leaders — allowing us to predict the way
people will respond to what we say or do. Anticipating our own emotions can also make for much more effective
long-term decisions. For example, if I predict I will feel anxious before giving a public speech, I might be inspired
to practice a few more times. If I instead simply ignored my anxiety, chances are that I’d be more disturbed on
stage, and my speech wouldn’t go smoothly.
Of course, it’s important to find out situations where emotional influences may not be helpful as well. Here,
individuals who score higher on rationality tests may be better at reflecting on whether an emotion will be helpful
or not in a given situation. They can then make their decision after giving it deeper consideration. For example,
expressing too much anger or sadness to your boss when you don’t get an promotion ( 晋升) may not be in your
best interest.
In general, if we want to be rational and make the best decisions, we should desire as much information as
we can get and information about emotions can often be especially useful.
1．What is a widespread opinion about emotions and rationality?
A．Rationality can develop emotional intelligence.
B．Emotions help to make rational decisions.
C．They play opposite roles in thinking processes.
D．Rationality is more important than emotions in decision-making.
2．Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3?
A．To show the process of decision-making. B．To tell us the harm of ignoring emotions.
C．To draw the line between rationality and emotions. D．To show the importance of emotional information.
3．What should be done to make the best of emotions according to Paragraph 5?
A．Recognizing their usefulness.
B．Reflecting on the possible effect.
C．Completing the rationality tests.
D．Thinking about various situations.
4．What does the author suggest for making wise decisions?
A．gaining enough information.
B．Putting rationality at the first place.
C．Trusting direct feelings.
D．Seeking expert advice.
2.（2025·安徽省蚌埠市A 层高中第一次联考）
London-based startup Brilliant Planet has rented 6,100 hectares of land in southern Morocco, situated
between the Atlantc Ocean and the Sahara. And it’s using it to grow algae ( 藻类), which absorbs atmospheric
carbon dioxide and sends out oxygen.
Brilliant Planet’s CEO Adam Taylor says the company has developed a way to grow algae at extreme rates
starting in a glass cup in a lab and ending in 12,000-square-meter pools of locally-sourced seawater. The algae is
obtained from the water then pumped up a 10-story tower and sprayed into the desert air. In the 30 seconds or so it
takes to reach the ground, hot air dries the biomass (生物质) out, leaving hypersaline (超盐的) algae pieces which
can be collected and shallow buried, sequestering (使隔绝) their carbon for thousands of years.
“Nature-based solutions are a great way of removing carbon,” Taylor said. “Deserts are an underused
environment. It does not cost a lot of money to rent the desert. What’s more, you’re not competing with farms or
forests. You’re out of the way, not bothering people.”
Taylor claims that Brilliant Planet’s solution can permanently remove 30 times more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere per hectare per year than a typical European forest. Brilliant Planet’s goal is to remove one million
metric tons of carbon dioxide per year by the end of the decade.“Globally, we’ve identified about half a million
square kilometers of flat desert-ocean land where it works,” Taylor said, adding that the company hopes to set up in
Namibia next.
Fatna Ikrame El Fanne, an environmental engineer, described the use of algae as “a new and promising
strategy” that “is a typical example of innovative use of natural process to address an urgent global issue.”
Nevertheless, she expressed caution. “Microalgae production on a large scale might damage local ecosystems, lead
to overuse of water resources, and change habitats,” she said.
There’s an acknowledgement that one company can’t do it all — and can’t go it alone. “We are part of a
group of probably 40 to 50 wonderful ideas of how people can remove carbon from the atmosphere,” Taylor said,
calling for “a Manhattan Project-type attitude” to tackling carbon capture. Whether algae is the solution the world
needs remains to be seen. But the idea’s growing on people.
1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Brilliant Planet?
A．Its establishment of an algae plant.
B．Its method of growing algae.
C．Its process of carbon capture.
D．Its daily routine in the desert.
2．What advantage did Taylor highlight about using deserts for carbon removal?
A．Huge profits.
B．High temperature.
C．No occupation of rich land.
D．No biodiversity concerns.
3．What can be inferred about the use of algae from El Fanne’s words?
A．It needs improving.
B．It is highly efficient.
C．It is not worth promoting.
D．It is commercially developed.
4．Why is “a Manhattan Project- type attitude” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To highlight the challenges of carbon removal.
B．To recognize the contributions of Brilliant Planet.
C．To prove the effectiveness of nature-based solutions.
D．To emphasize the necessity of joint efforts.
3.（2025 届广西南宁市第四十二中学高三下学期高考热身）
Eating a plant-based diet has been shown to be very good for your heart and your overall health. In fact, a
previous study found a young person could live an additional 13 years by eating more vegetables and legumes (豆
类), as well as whole grains, fruit and nuts.
The findings of a new analysis of the diets of nearly 400,000 UK adults published Monday in the journal
Frontiers in Nutrition are rather shocking: Eating veggies, especially cooked ones, doesn’t reduce your risk of heart
disease over time.
“Our large study did not find evidence for a protective effect of vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD
(心血管疾病),” said Qi Feng, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, in a statement.
While the study found eating raw veggies could protect against heart disease, cooked vegetables did not. Any
benefit went away when researchers factored in lifestyle factors such as physical activity, educational level,
smoking, drinking, fruit intake, red and processed meat consumption, and use of mineral and vitamin supplements.
“Instead, our analyses show that the seemingly protective effect of vegetable intake against CVD risk is very
likely to be accounted for by bias (偏差)… related to differences in socioeconomic situation and lifestyle,” Feng
said.
Don’t start celebrating yet, veggie haters. Experts in the UK and United States quickly took exception to the
study’s conclusion.
“Although this study found that eating more vegetables wasn’t associated with a lower risk of heart and
circulatory diseases once other lifestyle and other factors were taken into account, that doesn’t mean we should stop
eating vegetables,” said Victoria Taylor, a senior dietitian at the British Heart Foundation, in a statement.
“The results are not surprising. Picking out one single component and assuming just adding it to the diet,
e.g., vegetables, is not likely to result in the desired effect,” Alice Lichtenstein, director and senior scientist at Tufts
University’s Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, told CNN in an email.
“One thing that has become clear over the past decade is that we should not be looking at single foods or
nutrients, rather the whole dietary pattern,” said Lichtenstein.
1．What can we learn from the new study led by Feng?
A．It followed a young UK person for 13 years.
B．Its findings came as no surprise to other people.
C．It overturned the conclusion of previous studies.
D．Its purpose was to find the right vegetables for people.
2．What did Feng imply about vegetables’ protective effect?
A．It was totally made up by some researchers.
B．It still held true despite some different findings.
C．It could only be achieved by living a healthy lifestyle.
D．It was a misconception caused by differences in people.
3．What does the underlined phrase “take exception to” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Voice objections to.
B．Add details to.
C．Show respect for.
D．Take notice of.
4．What did Lichtenstein think of the study?
A．It was groundbreaking.
B．It was one-sided.
C．It was demanding.
D．It was authoritative.
4.（2025 届湖北省襄阳市第五中学高三下学期适应性考试（五））
A psychological concept called “false consensus effect” helps explain why kind people sometimes harm the
environment. In psychology, the false consensus effect is a cognitive bias ( 偏见) where a person tends to
overestimate how much other people agree with him or her. There is a tendency for people to assume that their own
improper habits or acts are “normal”. And most importantly, they believe others think the same way that they do.
Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to
think plenty of other people do it too.
This bias allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors. Researchers have observed the
false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how
this effect contributes to environmental damage. In Australia, people who admitted poaching, a way of fishing in
no-take zones, thought it was much more common in society than it really was. They also believed others viewed it
as socially acceptable. However, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so can they help
address it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a lot of trash
scattered around, so making sure the ground around a bin is clean may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Electricity companies have
substantially reduced household energy use simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to that of
their neighbors. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for status has also been successful in getting
people to publicly buy eco-friendly products.
1．Which example best illustrates “false consensus effect”?
A．A driver thinks illegal parking is common.
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C．A student figures most people spend long hours online.
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
2．What was most Australian fishers’ attitude to poaching?
A．Unacceptable. B．Widespread.
C．Controversial.
D．Complex.
3．How have electricity companies reduced energy consumption?
A．By comparing power consumption. C． By offering financial rewards.
B．By doing round-the-clock monitoring. D．By promoting renewable energy.
4．What is the primary purpose of this article?
A．To encourage people to reduce energy consumption.
B．To link a psychological concept to environmental issues.
C．To emphasize the importance of environmental protection.
D．To describe different types of environmentally harmful behaviors.
研究报告说明文创新练
1.（2025·广西名校高三联合调研测）
The growing presence of space debris (碎片) in low Earth orbit (LEO)poses a significant threat to satellites
and other orbiting assets. Consequently, the concern about destructive collisions (碰撞) and the potential for debris
reentry to Earth’s atmosphere has intensified. Researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to
address these challenges to enhance debris removal, collision prediction, and orbit management strategies.
One approach described in a paper presented at the 2nd near-Earth object (NEO) and Debris Detection
Conference earlier this year, involves using a “genetic” algorithm ( 算法) to monitor the motion of space debris.
Researchers aim to improve the capture and removal processes by focusing on slower-moving objects.
Additionally, neural networks are being developed to predict and reduce collisions in LEO. These networks are
trained on historical data to identify space debris Motion patterns and predict future paths, enabling effective
collision-avoidance movements for active space missions and orbiting satellites.
Historical statistics and predictive modeling have shown that the risk of such collisions is significantly
higher in LEO compared to medium Earth orbit (MEO). However, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of
AI-based approaches, as they assume that future conditions are similar to present ones, potentially ignoring critical
variables such as atmospheric density.
To address these limitations, constantly adding real-time information and updating is essential for improving
the adaptability of AI models. By incorporating new debris detections and orbital changes, algorithms can better
adapt to the ever-changing spatial environment. Balancing the use of AI with a comprehensive understanding of the
uncertainties and challenges in space debris management will be vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of
LEO.
Overall, integrating AI into space debris monitoring, removal, and collision avoidance strategies holds
promise for safeguarding satellite operations and maintaining the charming beauty of photos from LEO. However,
it is essential to remain cautious of these technologies’ limitations and unknowns and continually improve and
update them with real-world data to enhance their effectiveness.
1．What is one of the concerns regarding space debris in LEO?
A．The cost of debris removal.
B．The effect on space exploration.
C．The risk of disastrous collisions.
D．The damage to the space environment.
2．How can neural networks help with space debris management?
A．By creating predictive models.
B．By employing genetic algorithms.
C．By monitoring fast-moving objects.
D．By speeding up the capture process.
3．What is crucial for dealing with the limitations of AI-based approaches?
A．Regularly testing its adaptability.
B．Continuously integrating live data.
C．Studying past and present space conditions.
D．Reducing uncertainties in debris management.
4．What is the author’s general attitude toward Al-based approaches?
A．Resistant.
B．Skeptical.
C．Dismissive.
D．Favorable.
2.（2025·四川省南充市高级中学月考）
Food is key to our daily functions by fueling our activity and supporting our bodies and minds. In space,
where astronauts face extreme environmental and physical changes, the need for safe, nutritious and energy- laden
food is particularly vital to overall health.
Space food must provide enough energy to fuel astronauts on their demanding missions, according to
NASA．In microgravity (low gravity state that makes astronauts appear to be weightless) environments, proper
nutrition can fight against the resulting degradation of bones and muscles. For example, vitamins D, K and C aid in
synthesizing (合成) calcium into bone. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 can
make up for dietary insufficiency.
After decades of nutritional studies and food technology advancements, NASA has moved focus away from
supplements and dietary formulas ( 配方) toward providing as many nutrients from fruits and vegetables as
possible. However, it can be difficult to rely heavily on fruits and vegetables as a space food source because they
don’t contain many calories. This poses an issue for spaceflight, where cargo (货物) room is precious.
NASA can’t merely consider health when designing space food, though. The nutritional value of a meal only
goes so far if it doesn’t appeal to astronauts. Rather, Grace Douglas, the lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food
Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal. options to avoid menu fatigue
(疲劳). Such variety also provides psychological health benefits.“ Food becomes more important with mission
duration because it’s one of the only familiar things that they have, ” Douglas says.
As space organizations look ahead to. long- duration missions, it will be key to craft a sustainable food
source that doesn’t require resupply missions. To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow
crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grow n a variety of leafy
greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System, known as Veggie. Eating a fresh leafy green could help
astronauts feel connected with the distant green planet they call home.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The importance of space food design.
B．The challenges for astronauts in space.
C．The general requirements for space food. D．The impact of microgravity on astronauts.
2．How do Douglas’s team enhance astronauts’ dining experience?
A．They make food look appealing.
B．They rearrange the menu schedule.
C．They provide multiple food choices.
D．They conduct taste tests on astronauts.
3．What can astronauts expect from Veggie?
A．A supplement to the oxygen supply.
B．Supply of psychological comfort
C．Enhancement of the nutritional quality.
D．An improvement in communication with Earth.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．How do astronauts eat in space?
B．What makes space food so special?
C．What space food will we have in the future?
D．How do scientists build the best diet for astronauts?
1.【2024 全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have
distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations
with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract
attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft
meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place
to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.
Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't
usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find
random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of
predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just
doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.
B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret.
D. It's getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds.
B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells.
D. By communicating with other cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately.
B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely.
D. Do better.
7. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat
D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
2.【2023 年北京卷】In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a
significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences
leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian
Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at
once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the
moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In
business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it
translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference
tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our
psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but
there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the
future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global
warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-
term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual
biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they
would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of
collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of
the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long
drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
A. draw a comparison
B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a problem
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Climate change has been forgotten.
B. Lessons of history are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
30. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
3.【2022 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula
(芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then
friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad.
Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious， yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
4.【2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and
public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when
they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.
B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent.
D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from.
B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice.
B. Data.
C. Tests.
D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
5.【2022 年北京卷】“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor
Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that
isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but
much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an
approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires
considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those
things intersect ( 交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems
thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need
to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they
need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished ( 营养不良
)people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in
food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common
diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of
at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel
before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent
parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal
power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such
power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems
approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their
direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results,
but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument
B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic
D. predict the ending
29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
6.【2022 年浙江卷6 月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but
research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than
those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional
ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower
job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So,
when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure
B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job.
D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits.
B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions.
D. Harmony in the work environment.
7.【2022 年天津卷第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible fo human cognition(认知)? What
about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain?
Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also
responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the
mind in equal measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing
sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around
them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even
unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world ，they cry when
they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve
centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe
this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer,
processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one ex-periment, test subjects(实验对象) were
asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their
fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’
fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were
included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and
sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in
difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across
languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day,a
warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any
interpersonal decisions.
46. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________.
A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
47. Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from?
A. Their personal looks.
B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emotions.
D. Their physical feelings.
48. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________.
A. environment impacts how we judge others
B. how body temperature is related to health
C. the mind and the body influence each other
D. how humans interact with their surroundings
49. What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5?
A. Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B. Human senses have effects on thinking.
C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
50. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D. To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC.
8.【2021 年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of
emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything
desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence,
mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of
these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.
B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public.
B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
8.【2021 年全国乙卷】During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think
about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a
membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After
all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that
shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level
of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to
wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for
working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels
C. 70 decibels.
D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
10. 【2021 年浙江卷1 月】 At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth
Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and
increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles
a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid
being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15
per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机
会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed
by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's
day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental
opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-
accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and
takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and
hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A．To make comparisons.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument.
D．To provide examples.
5．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A．Plain laziness.
B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time.
D．Security concerns.
6．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A．She can get relaxed after work.
B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study.
D．She can know her son better.
