第12 讲 句子成分
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查主语
考向02 考查谓语
考向03 考查宾语
考向04 考查定语
考向05 考查表语
考向06 考查补语、状语、同位语、插入语
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查主语
在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1.（2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）If no actions are
taken
, the region will face the threat of being buried by sand as
no __________ (defend) can stop the advancing deserts and repetitive strong sandstorms.
【答案】defense
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果不采取行动，该地区将面临被沙子掩埋的威胁，因为没有任何防御措施可
以阻止沙漠的前进和反复的强沙尘暴。此处作从句的主语，表示“防御”，应用名词defense，故填
defense。
2.（2025·江西南昌·一模） One of the great __________ (strength) of the study is that it includes people with
very different levels of fitness and health.
【答案】strengths
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这项研究的一大优势在于，它包括了健身和健康水平非常不同的人，这意
味着每个人，无论他们是运动健将还是不爱运动，都可以从强度降低死亡率的知识中受益。“one of +可数
名词复数”表示“……之一”，所以strength 应用复数形式，故填strengths。
3. __________ (decorate) homes with red lanterns and couplets adds a vivid and warm touch to the Spring
Festival atmosphere.
【答案】Decorating
【解析】考查动名词。句意：用红灯笼和对联装饰房屋为春节氛围增添了生动而温暖的感觉。“(decorate)
homes with red lanterns and couplets”在句中作主语，用动名词decorating 作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故
填Decorating。
4. There has been a close （associate） between these two companies.
【答案】association
【解析】考查名词。句意：这两家公司之间一直有密切的联系。设空处在不定冠词a 后，应填名词形式，
动词associate 的名词为association，作there be 结构中的主语。故填association。
5. The newcomer’s
__
(fail) to work out the technical problem didn’t make her lose heart.
【答案】failure/failing
【解析】考查名词或动名词。句意：新来者未能解决技术问题并没有让她灰心。分析句子结构可知，此处
是名词所有格newcomer’s 修饰的名词位置，因此需要用名词failure 作主语。也可以是“名词’s+doing”动
名词复合结构作主语，用动名词failing。故填failure/failing。
6．It is convenient for us __________ (collect)information related to the new programme online.
【答案】to collect
【解析】考查非谓语动词作真正的主语。句意：我们在网上收集与这个新程序相关的信息是很方便的。此
处为固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth”，其中 It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，所
以设空处应填动词不定式 to collect。故填to collect。
7． we release that inner power for success is what we need to learn.
【答案】How
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们需要学习的是如何释放内心的力量来获得成功。“______ we release
that inner power for success”是主语从句，表示“如何释放内心的力量来获得成功”，空格处意为“如
何”，用how 引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填How。
8．There is no doubt that __________ (honest) and willingness to help others are why we become charming.
【答案】honesty
【解析】考查名词作主语。句意：毫无疑问，诚实和乐于助人的意愿是我们之所以变得有魅力的原因。分
析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作主语，honesty，表“诚实”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填
honesty。
9． (spend) time together in the garden can be a great way to exercise and have fun with your pet.
【答案】Spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：在花园里一起度过时光是一种很好的锻炼方式，同时也能和你的
宠物一起享受乐趣。句中已有谓语can be 且此处与谓语之间无连词连接，故设空处为非谓语动词；句中缺
少主语，用动名词。设空处位于句首首字母需大写。故填Spending。
10． (learn) English is to have more opportunities in the future.
【答案】To learn
【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：学习英语是为了在未来拥有更多机会。动词不定式作主语，和表
语to have 构成平衡结构。故填To learn。
考向02 考查谓语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1.（2025·辽宁大连·期末）In summary, China’s museum boom (characterize) by a surge in visitors,
widespread use of new technology and media, deepening social functions, and the ongoing development of
strategies to address emerging challenges.
【答案】is characterized
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：总之，中国博物馆繁荣的特点是游客激增，新技术和媒体的广泛使
用，社会功能的深化，以及应对新挑战的战略的不断发展。characterize 作本句谓语，根据空后的by 可
知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语China’s museum boom 为第三人称单数。故填is
characterized。
2.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Higher intensity physical activity
___
(find) to be associated with lower risk of
an early death from all causes, but the difference is most noticeable when it comes to cardiovascular disease.
【答案】is found
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究发现，高强度的体育活动与各种原因导致的早死风险较低
有关，但这种差异在心血管疾病方面最为明显。设空处为谓语，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语
Higher intensity physical activity 和谓语之间是被动语态，主语单数，谓语第三人称单数，故填is found。
3.（2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）All the pictures (take) last year, when photographers from the area
embarked on a remarkable journey spanning more than 5,000 kilometers.
【答案】were taken
【解析】考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：所有的照片都是去年拍摄的，当时来自该地区的摄影师们开启
了一段跨越5000 多公里的非凡旅程。根据时间状语last year 可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语All the
pictures 与动词take 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，be 动词用were。故填were taken。
4.（2025 高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She
___
(convince) that the caves’ social importance far
outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their survival.
【答案】was convinced
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：她深信这些石窟的社会重要性远远超过其经济潜力，并且科学保护是其
生存的关键。根据句意及上下文时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，与主语She 为被动关系，be 动词用过去
式was。故填was convinced。
5.（2025·广东深圳·二模）Many of those in attendance had been interviewed previously by the filmmakers. Most
were seniors, but there were also some with young children, and even a few who (fly) in from Australia.
【答案】flew
【解析】考查时态。句意：大多数是老年人，但也有一些人带着年幼的孩子，甚至还有一些人从澳大利亚
飞来。空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填flew。
6.（2025·山东济南·一模）Chen Xin, the chief organizer of the 2024 London Chinese Cuisine International
Development Convention, (emphasize) that London was becoming a true global centre of Chinese cuisine,
staying true to one single mission-- providing Chinese customers with a taste of home and showcasing the depth
of Chinese culinary culture to international diners.
【答案】emphasized
【解析】考查动词。句意：陈新，2024 年伦敦中国菜国际发展大会的首席组织者，强调伦敦正在成为真正
的中国菜全球中心，始终忠于一个使命——为中国顾客提供家乡的味道，并向国际食客展示中国烹饪文化
的深度。陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，设空处需要动词的过去式作谓语。故填emphasized。
7.（2025 高三上·安徽阜阳·期中）Recently, the course (attract) 130 international students, including
those from Britain, France, Canada, Australia, Japan and Singapore.
【答案】 has attracted
【解析】考查时态。句意：最近，该课程吸引了130 名国际学生，其中包括来自英国、法国、加拿大、澳
大利亚、日本和新加坡的学生。根据时间状语“Recently”可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语this course 为
单数，谓语用单数形式。故填has attracted。
8.（2025 高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (see) as products for a younger
audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities which struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese
animation.
【答案】was seen
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去，中国动画被视为面向年轻观众的产品，其技术标准和叙事能
力难以与好莱坞或日本动画相媲美。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In the past 可知，句子应用一
般过去时，主语Chinese animation 和动词see 之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单
数，be 动词用was。故填was seen。
9.（2025·湖南·模拟）So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered mountains, dense forests and
steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces (dig).
【答案】have been dug
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到薄雾笼罩的山脉、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬
崖，无论哪里有水和土壤，都可以挖出梯田。此处作谓语动词，主语为terraces，复数，主语terraces 与dig
之间为被动关系，且时间状语为so far，故应用现在完成时，故填have been dug。
10.（2025·四川成都·模拟）Li Qun, director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration,________(say) in
the opening ceremony that Chinese cave temples displayed remarkable characteristics in terms of their subject
matter, and artistic style, which reflected the peaceful nature of Chinese civilization.
【答案】said
【解析】考查时态。句意：国家文物局局长李群在开幕式上表示，中国石窟寺在主题和艺术风格方面表现
出显著的特点，反映了中国文明的和平本质。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合从句时态推断此处
在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填said。
考向03 考查宾语
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1.（2025·江苏常州·一模）The practice could enhance the overall (effective) of the nourishment.
【答案】effectiveness
【解析】考查名词。句意：这种做法可以提高营养的整体有效性。设空处为名词作宾语，“effective” 的
名词形式是“effectiveness”，表示“效果”，故填effectiveness。
2.（24-25 高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习） But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique
blend of visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and
__
(resolve).
【答案】resolution
【解析】考查名词。句意：答案在于有远见的领导、经济增长以及纪律和决心的文化的独特结合。空处与
discipline 构成并列关系，需用名词形式，所给词resolve 为动词，其名词形式为resolution，意为“决
心”。故填resolution。
3.（24-25 高三上·江苏·阶段练习）But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique blend of
visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and_________ (persevere).
【答案】perseverance
【解析】考查名词。句意：答案在于有远见的领导、经济增长以及自律和坚持不懈的文化之间的独特结
合。空处与discipline 构成并列关系，需用名词形式，所给词persevere 为动词，其名词形式为
perseverance，意为“坚持不懈”。故填perseverance。
4.（2025·全国·模拟预测） Hunan Cuisine, on the other hand, is famous for its bold and burning flavors, which
features the (combine) of fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic to create a powerful and intense spicy taste.
【答案】combination
【解析】考查名词。句意：另一方面，湘菜以其大胆和辛辣的口味而闻名，它的特点是将新鲜的辣椒和大
蒜结合在一起，创造出强烈的辛辣味道。根据the 和of fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic 可知，空处应用名词
combination(不可数)，作宾语。故填combination。
5.（24-25 高三上·福建福州·期中）One success of his work, which beat out over 48,000 (entry) from
100 countries, made him the first Chinese photographer to receive the title of wildlife photographer of the year in
2019.
【答案】 entries
【解析】考查名词。句意：他的作品击败了来自100 个国家的4.8 万多名参赛作品，使他成为2019 年第一
个获得年度野生动物摄影师称号的中国摄影师。entry“参赛作品”为可数名词，结合over 48,000 可知，此
处用名词复数形式entries。故填entries。
6.（2025·福建莆田·二模）Smart wearable devices have undergone a transformative journey, evolving from
niche gadgets to integral (companion) in modern life.
【答案】companions
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：智能可穿戴设备经历了一段变革之旅，从小众产品发展成为现代生活中不
可或缺的伴侣。从niche gadgets（小众小工具）到现代生活中不可或缺的伙伴，这里用复数companions 表
示“伙伴”，作宾语。故填companions。
7.（24-25 高三下·海南省直辖县级单位·开学考试）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent
rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing.
【答案】solution
【解析】考查名词。句意同上。空处需填名词作宾语，不定冠词a 修饰单数可数名词。故填solution。
8.（24-25 高三上·福建莆田·期末）Every October, it is the harvest season for pomelo, a time when merchants
flock to Duli Town to purchase the fruit. Most of these
__
(merchant) are regular buyers.
【答案】merchants
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这些商家大多是常客。此处作宾语，merchant“商人”为可数名词，空前有
these 修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填merchants。
9.（24-25 高三上·重庆·开学考试）“You can use timeless pieces as a handsome
__
(found) for many
aesthetic (美学的) languages,” Bush says.
【答案】foundation
【解析】考查名词。句意：布什说：“你可以用永恒的作品作为许多美学语言的漂亮基础。”作介词的宾
语，应用名词foundation，不定冠词提示用单数。故填foundation。
10.（2025·山东潍坊·一模） It also makes possible the
___
（integrate）of the rich resources into the
field of education, giving full play to their roles of preserving history and educating people.
【答案】integration
【解析】考查名词。句意：它也使这些丰富资源融入教育领域成为可能，充分发挥它们在保存历史和教育
人民方面的作用。integration 意为“融合”，空处需填其名词形式integration 作make 的宾语。故填
integration。
考向04 考查表语
在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1．The film star was (annoy) to know that his son was still addicted to drugs.
【答案】annoyed
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这位电影明星听说他的儿子仍然吸毒而感到恼火。分析句子可知，设空处应
填形容词作表语。结合句意“感到恼火”是annoyed，以ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人。故填annoyed。
2．It was too (fog) to drive anywhere, so they had to stop to have a rest at home.
【答案】foggy
【解析】考查形容词。句意：雾太大，不能开车去任何地方，所以他们不得不在家停下来休息。分析句子
可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，再结合句意“有雾的”是foggy。故填foggy。
3．As time becomes (limit) and school work begins to pile up, many students start to feel much
stressed.
【答案】limited
【解析】考查形容词。句意：随着时间变得有限，学校作业开始堆积，许多学生开始感到压力很大。设空
处接在系动词become 后，应用形容词作表语，表示有限的，故填limited。
4．I'm delighted to receive your invitation and I'm so (honor) to serve as your guide to the local bio-
park.
【答案】honored
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我很高兴收到你的邀请，我很荣幸能作为你的导游去当地的生物公园。设空
处接在be 动词后，应用形容词作表语，表示“荣幸的”，故填honored。
5．This annual activity is always tiring but (reward), so I sincerely invite you to go with us.
【答案】rewarding
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这项年度活动总是很累但很有意义，所以我真诚地邀请你和我们一起去。此
处为形容词作表语，根据空前的but 可知，空处与tiring 并列，应用reward 的形容词形式rewarding，意为
“有意义的，值得的”。故填rewarding。
6．We will see our Chinese enterprises becoming more and more (compete) internationally, and our
motherland getting stronger than ever before.
【答案】competitive
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们将看到我们的中国企业在国际上变得越来越有竞争力，我们的祖国变得
比以往任何时候都强大。设空处接在系动词后，应用形容词比较级作表语，表示“有竞争力的”，故填
competitive。
7．I am convinced that the exhibition is sure to be (impress) and you will be deeply moved by their
devotion and selflessness.
【答案】impressive
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我坚信这次展览一定会令人印象深刻，您也会被他们的奉献精神和无私品质
深深打动。空处用形容词作表语，表示“令人印象深刻的”用impressive。故填impressive。
8．I received your message about the difficulties you’re facing in your studies, and I truly understand how
(challenge) it can be.
【答案】challenging
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我收到了你关于你在学习中面临的困难的信息，我真正理解这是多么具有挑
战性。在从句中作表语，修饰“在学习中面临困难”这件事，用形容词challenging，故填challenging。
9．I’m (delight) to hear about your plan to launch an English reading activity. Here are my suggestions.
【答案】delighted
【解析】考查形容词。句意：听说你计划开展英语阅读活动，我很高兴。以下是我的建议。空处应填形容
词作表语，delighted“高兴的”，形容词，故填delighted。
10．What’s more, we are (create) and can keep up with modern science and technology.
【答案】creative
【解析】考查形容词。句意：此外，我们富有创造力，能够跟上现代科学技术的发展。are 是系动词，后
面需接形容词creative“富有创造力的”作表语，故填creative。
考向05 考查补语、状语、同位语、插入语
在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
1．With the demand from wholesalers (grow) rapidly, the couple are constantly busy improving their
products.
【答案】growing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于批发商的需求增长迅速，这对夫妇一直在不断努力改进他们的产
品。此处grow 与demand 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填growing。
2．My son will turn 15 next week. I want to give him something special, but I have no idea I should
buy.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我儿子下周就15 岁了。我想给他一些特别的东西，但我不知道该买什
么。设空处引导同位语从句，解释“idea”的内容，从句中缺少宾语，且指代“买的东西”，因此应用what
引导该从句，what 在从句中作宾语。故填what。
3．As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future, you might ask yourself a question
you should start your own business.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：当你开始为自己的未来做计划时，你可能会问自己一个问题：你是否应
该自己创业。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词question 的具体内容；此处表示“是否”，应用whether
引导该从句。故填whether
4．You should open up your mind to the fact language represents a cultural world view.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：你应该敞开心扉接受语言代表一种文化世界观这一事实。分析句
子可知，设空处引导同位语从句，对名词the fact 进行解释说明，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，因此应用
that 引导该同位语从句，that 在从句中只起连接作用，无实际意义。故填that。
5． (conclude), we have full confidence in an even brighter future of Asia. Let’s work together to make it
a reality.
【答案】To conclude
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：总之，我们对亚洲更加光明的未来充满信心。让我们共同努力，将其实
现。结合句意，此处需要使用结论性的引导词，根据提示词conclude 可知，此处应为固定短语to conclude
意为“总之”，位于句首，to 的首字母需大写。故填To conclude。
6．It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching
English movies is (respective) 65% and 50%.
【答案】respectively
【解析】考查副词。句意：可以看出，选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的学生比例分别是65%和50%。本空
修饰后面的数值65% and 50%，作状语，用副词respectively“分别地”。故填respectively。
7． （be）honest, I was surprised he knew where I was—I moved so often.
【答案】To be
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：老实说，我很惊讶他竟然知道我住在哪里，因为我经常搬家。to be honest
意为“老实说，实话说”，故填To be。
8． ____
(frank) speaking, he is not the suitable leader for the team.
【答案】Frankly
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：坦率地说，他不是这个团队合适的领导者。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定
短语“frankly speaking”，意为“坦率地说”，故空格处应用“frank”的副词形式“frankly”，句首单词首字
母大写。故填Frankly。
9．It scared me to see a whale (attack) by a pack of about six other killers at that time.
【答案】being attacked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： 看到一只鲸鱼被另外六只杀手鲸攻击，我吓了一跳。分析句子，see sb.
doing 为固定用法，表示“看见某人正在做某事”，该空所给动词attack(攻击)在句中作see 的宾语a whale
的补足语，被动关系，应使用现在分词的被动式，see sb.being done 结构表示“看到……正在被……”。
故填being attacked。
10．Now it is home to (approximate) 300 folk houses,20 temples and ancestral halls, and 10 opera
stages.
【答案】approximately
【解析】考查副词。句意：现在这里有大约300 座民宅，20 座寺庙和祠堂，以及10 个戏台。设空处修饰
后面的数词作状语，应用副词形式，表示“大约”，故填approximately。
11.Thank you so much for your call and keep me (inform) in terms of what you’re doing.
【答案】informed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：非常感谢您的来电，希望您一切顺利，并请随时告知我您目前的进展情
况。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定搭配，空处需填非谓语动词，动词inform 与其逻辑主语me 之间为
动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填informed。
12．It is a great relief that he has been admitted to his ideal university, (major) in civil engineering.
【答案】majoring
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：令人欣慰的是，他被自己理想的大学录取了，主修土木工程专业。that
he has been admitted to his ideal university, ______in civil engineering 是that 引导的主语从句，he 是主语，has
been admitted 是谓语动词，括号内给的是动词，但空前无并列连词，该动词要变为非谓语动词形式。由于
______in civil engineering 作主语补足语，对主语he 作补充说明，它们是逻辑上的主谓关系，即“他主修土
木工程专业”，要用现在分词形式，直接在major 的词尾加-ing。故填majoring。
题型 阅读理解
Passage 1（2026 届江苏省如皋中学高三试题）
I knew it was going to be a bad fireworks season this year when I saw so many different tents selling them to
the public. I was right. The bangs and booms (噼啪声) started before the first of January and lasted way past the
fourth. I have never been a big fan of fireworks since I was a boy. It was then that a local fair set off a huge show
near our house and I saw how the noise terrified our dogs. I sat on the floor with them during the whole show,
holding their shaking bodies.
I know a lot of people enjoy the colorful light shows the fireworks can put on at times. They can be bright
and beautiful. Still, I find that I prefer the gentler lights of summer to these noisy ones. I love seeing the moon
rising above the hills in the evening. Its gentle, smiling face always reminds me that someone loves me and is
watching over me from above.
The shinning stars also always look so heavenly and wonderful when you take the time to look up into the
skies and watch them shine. I also love the beautiful, blinking (眨眼的) lights of the fireflies this time of the year.
Seeing their lovely, little lights as they fly around always fills my heart with light and delight as well. It warms my
soul and reminds me of what a perfect world we live in.
I think we all might do better to grow the gentler lights within ourselves. Our society seems to praise and
admire those who come off as booming and brash (自以为是的).
1．Why does the author mention his childhood’s experience?
A．To share an old story.
B．To explain his tiredness of fireworks.
C．To stress a joyful atmosphere with fireworks.
D．To remind us of the danger of fireworks.
2．Why does the author prefer lights like the moonlight?
A．Because they are bright, and beautiful.
B．Because they give him pleasant feelings.
C．Because they don’t scare his dogs any more.
D．Because they keep him free from being monitored.
3．How does the author feel when seeing the fireflies?
A．Grateful.
B．Joyful.
C．Determined.
D．Beloved.
4．What would the author write about in the following paragraph?
A．Why gentler lights are better than noisy ones.
B．What gentler lights will really bring to our life.
C．How we can make the world a gentler place.
D．When we can stop great noises such as fireworks.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者首先讲述了童年时对烟花的厌恶，然后描述了他对柔光的喜爱，并倡导
建设一个更加柔和的社会。
1．推理判断题。从第一段中的“I have never been a big fan of fireworks since I was a boy. (我从小就不太喜
欢看烟花)”可知，作者不喜欢烟花，作者讲述童年的经历是为了解释他不喜欢烟花的原因，故选B 项。
2．细节理解题。从第二段最后一句“Its gentle, smiling face always reminds me that someone loves me and is
watching over me from above. (它温柔的笑脸总是让我想起有人爱着我，从上面看着我)”可知，作者喜欢像
月光一样温柔的光，是因为这能给他被爱、被关注的美妙感觉，故选B 项。
3．推理判断题。从第三段第三句“Seeing their lovely, little lights as they fly around always fills my heart with
light and delight as well. It warms my soul and reminds me of what a perfect world we live in. (当它们飞来飞去
时，看到他们可爱的小灯光，总是让我的心充满光明和喜悦。它温暖了我的灵魂，提醒我，我们生活在一
个多么完美的世界)”可知，作者看到萤火虫时心情是愉快的，故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。从文章最后一段第一句“I think we all might do better to grow the gentler lights within
ourselves. (我想我们都可以做得更好，在我们自己的内心种下更温和的光)”，并结合倒数第二段最后一句
“It warms my soul and reminds me of what a perfect world we live in. (它温暖了我的灵魂，提醒我，我们生活
在一个多么完美的世界)”可知，作者接下来要介绍如何建设一个更柔和的社会，故选C 项。
Passage 2（2025 年江苏省前黄中学高三试题)
I started walking backward for no apparent reason. I was simply waving goodbye to my daughters when it
hit me to take a few steps backward. Since I’d already started, I thought I could walk all the way home that way.
After all, the contradiction of moving forward by going backward seemed engaging and worth exploring.
The first problem was practical. Snow is a pain even for regular walking, so my pace slowed down
considerably. At this different pace, life itself felt rushed in comparison. How silly it is that we’re always in such a
hurry to get somewhere. For example, I often arrive at places long after my body gets there. Sometimes I reach my
daughters’ school, but my mind is still at home, wondering whether I unplugged my wife’s hair dryer. Walking
backward, however, forced me to adjust the pace of my body to my mind.
The next thing had to do with vision. In regular walking, the path ahead is always visible. Here, you use
other senses: you hear the car approaching, you sense the unevenness of the ground, and you notice the change in
the firmness of the snow. You activate an entire set of skills we usually don’t use because of our dependence on
sight. This way, the familiar path I walked every day suddenly felt like a grand adventure, a discovery I hadn’t
anticipated.
Because of my addiction to foolish ideas, I decided to continue my backward walking for the rest of the day.
And I quickly realized something obvious: the path I enjoyed most was the one I had already travelled. And it
struck me that this was the right way to look at life: moving toward a destination without ever forgetting where
you’ve been, or how far you’ve come. Looking back is always good for self-value. There’s no way to look at
yesterday and not feel better: for the illness that didn’t kill you, or the happy childhood days that still make you
smile.
5．What interested the author in the first paragraph?
A．Finding a new route back home.
B．Engaging himself in deep thinking.
C．Moving forward in a different manner.
D．Seeing his daughters off every morning.
6．What did the author realize on the way back home?
A．We need to stay focused at work.
B．We don’t need to live a rushed life.
C．We should spend more time with family.
D．We shouldn’t compare ourselves to others.
7．How did the author overcome the vision problem?
A．He studied a set of new skills.
B．He depended on his memory.
C．He followed his sense of direction.
D．He made full use of other senses.
8．What message does the author seem to deliver in the last paragraph?
A．Childhood is the best part in life.
B．It’s inspiring to reflect on the past.
C．It’s important to find your self-value.
D．One ought to learn to forgive himself.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇叙议结合的文章。文章通过作者倒着走路的经历，探讨了放慢生活节奏、依赖其他感
官以及回顾过去的重要性。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“I started walking backward for no apparent reason. I was simply waving
goodbye to my daughters when it hit me to take a few steps backward. Since I’d already started, I thought I could
walk all the way home that way. After all, the contradiction of moving forward by going backward seemed
engaging and worth exploring.(我毫无缘由地开始倒着行走。当时正挥手向女儿们道别，突然心血来潮想后
退几步。既然已经开了头，我索性决定就这么倒着走回家。毕竟，这种通过后退实现前进的矛盾感既引人
入胜又值得玩味。)”可知，作者对以一种不同的方式前进感兴趣。故选C 项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this different pace, life itself felt rushed in comparison. How silly it is that
we’re always in such a hurry to get somewhere.(在这个不同的速度下，生活本身相比之下显得很匆忙。我们
总是急于到达某个地方，这真是太傻了。)”可知，作者觉得人们总是急于到达某个地方太傻了，可得出作
者意识到我们不需要过一种匆忙的生活。故选B 项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The next thing had to do with vision. In regular walking, the path ahead is
always visible. Here, you use other senses: you hear the car approaching, you sense the unevenness of the ground,
and you notice the change in the firmness of the snow.(下一件事与视觉有关。在正常的行走中，前方的道路总
是可见的。在这里，你使用其他感官：你听到汽车靠近的声音，你感觉到地面的不平整，你注意到雪的硬
度的变化。)”可知，作者通过充分利用其他感官来克服视觉问题。故选D 项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“And I quickly realized something obvious: the path I enjoyed most was
the one I had already travelled. And it struck me that this was the right way to look at life: moving toward a
destination without ever forgetting where you’ve been, or how far you’ve come. Looking back is always good for
self-value. There’s no way to look at yesterday and not feel better: for the illness that didn’t kill you, or the happy
childhood days that still make you smile.(我很快意识到一些显而易见的事情：我最喜欢的道路是我已经走过
的那条。我突然意识到，这是看待生活的正确方式：朝着一个目的地前进，而不要忘记你去过哪里，也不
要忘记你走了多远。回顾总是有利于自我价值。当你回顾昨天的时候，你会感觉好多了：因为那场没有夺
去你生命的疾病，或者那些仍然让你微笑的快乐童年。)”可知，作者认为回顾过去是很有启发性的。故选
B 项。
1. (2025 新高考I 卷)
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea
and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic
snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics
in water from your tap ( 水龙头): boiling and filtering ( 过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in
Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five
minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in
plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three
common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals
previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming
increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more
microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised
concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated
how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an
environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New
Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
29. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.
D. By providing statistics.
30. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water.
B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.
D. The type of plastic in water.
31. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
32. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings.
【答案】29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及
全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的
微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指
出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
【29 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth —
they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds
and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的
污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪
中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
【30 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“ Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium
carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium
carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium
carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳
酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300 毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但
在碳酸钙含量低于60 毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效
性的是水的硬度。故选A。
【31 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic
exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year,
contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料
接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑
料含量也比原先想象的高出10 到1000 倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。
故选B。
【32 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the
boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in
Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking
water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-
Lindsay 没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方
式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-
Lindsay 的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
2. (2025 新高考I 卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,
China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the
mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____37____ (center) heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me ____38____ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never
imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ____39____ learn in a
new environment. Over time, I’ve found ____40____ (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve
experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
____41____ (be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying me the chance
____42____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes
for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____43____ (absent)
of smog and plenty of blue sky ____44____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day,
well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】36. where
37. central
38. for 39. and
40. myself 41. is
42. to discover
43. absence
44. afternoons
45. left
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
【36 题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹
子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导。故填
where。
【37 题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填
central。
【38 题详解】
考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里
时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。
【39 题详解】
考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt 和learn 是并列关系，应用
连词and 连接。故填and。
【40 题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示
“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
【41 题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态
用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 为第三人称单数，be 动词用is。
故填is。
【42 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会
发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此
处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover 的不定式，作定语。故填to
discover。
【43 题详解】
查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空
气新鲜。本空作thanks to 的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
【44 题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝
天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填
afternoons。
【45 题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，
那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt
和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。
