题
专
08
句
句子成分和基本句型
简单
、
目录
01 析·考情精解..................................................................................................................................................2
02 构·知能架构..................................................................................................................................................3
03 破·考点攻坚.............................................................................................................................................................4
考点一 考查句子成分...........................................................................................................................................4
真题动向
在语篇情境中考查学生正确分析句子成分及对接词性
必备知识
知识 句子的八种基本成分
关键能力
能力 1.根据语境，准确判断句子成分，根据句子成分判断相应的词性，进而断定词
形。2. 能对句子进行正确的结构分析，并知晓作的成分。
命题预测
考向1 在语法填空中考查句子成分 考向2 判断句子成分
考点二 句子的基本构型——八大基本句型及高级句式.................................................................................7
真题动向
在写作情境中考查考生利用基本句型及高级句式表达思想的能力
必备知识
知识1 句子的基本构型——八大基本句型 知识2 写作中常用的高级句式
关键能力
能力1 根据高考写作中的具体命题情境，写出比较高级的恰到好处的句子。
能力2 熟练使用句型造句，表达自己的想法和意图。
命题预测
考向 在写作中考查熟练运用各种句型及组合成的高级句式表达自己的想法
考点三 考查快速理解文章中的长难句................................................................................................................13
真题动向
在语篇情境中考查考生对长难句的快速理解能力
必备知识
知识1 突破长难句提高阅读速度 知识2 句法考点的关键能力
命题预测
考向1 在阅读理解中分析理解长难句 2.考查在语法填空中分析理解长难句
命题轨
迹透视
从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解中长难句出现的几率也越来越多，分析长难句仍然是重点。
写作中的高级句式要求一直较高。语法填空分析句子成分是关键并且文章中的句子越来越长。
考点频
考点
2025 年
2024 年
2023 年
次总结
阅读理解中
的长难句
遍布全卷
遍布全卷
遍布全卷
语法填空中
的长难句
1-3 个
1-3 个
1-2 个
写作范文中
的高级句式
2-3 个
2-3 个
2-3 个
2026
命题
预测
预计在2026 年高考中，在阅读理解和语法填空中，仍然会出现部分长难句，理解长难句是解题
的关键，在写作范文中，能写出恰到好处的高级句子，是增分的重点。
考点一 考查句子成分
在语法填空中考查句子成分
1．
【考查名词宾语】（2025 年全国一卷·语法填空59；1.5 分）You try to lead the opponent into
your trap and force them to follow your ’____
5 9____
(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player
among the visitors to the exhibition.
2．
【考查谓语的被动语态】（2025 年全国一卷·语法填空60；1.5 分）“The players’ personalities
____
6 0____
(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
3.
【考查谓语的时态】（2025 年全国一卷· 语法填空61 ；1.5 分）A decent winner always
____
6 1____
(try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the
other side.
4.
【考查形容词作定语，副词作状语】（2025 年全国一卷·语法填空63、65；3 分）Tu says that
the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____
6 3____
(strategy) placement of the pieces,
and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____
6 5____
(digital)
generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
考查识别句子成分（写出下列句子中划线部分的成分）
1 ．Exercise can improve deep sleep, and sleeping better enhances the ability to exercise the next
day.________
2．If you have difficult memories, though, it is important to talk about them.________
3．We can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities
they live and work in.________
4．Norah asked her mom to take a picture of her with her new friend. ________
5．The exhibition was held on Friday afternoon and lasted two hours in the city cultural hall.________
6．Emma Jones' threeyearold son, Eric, was sharing a hot dog on the deck overlooking her friend Sarah
Roth's swimming pool.________
7．The attractive advice given in this book is perfect for teens going off to college or beginning a new stage
of independence. ________
8．In a way, knowing different languages can provide people with a variety of views through which to see
the world.________
句子成分
知识
必备
1．掌握八大句子成分
①主语
可以作主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it 可以作形式主语。
It is important to make use of the time in class.充分利用课堂上的时间很重要。
②谓语
不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，不能用于被动语态，及物动词后可直接接宾语，可用于被动语态；还
要注意谓语动词的时态。
Besides, I was previously trained in a sports training center, which makes me strong enough to be a volunteer.
此外，我以前在体育中心受过培训，这使得我身体足够强壮可以当志愿者。
③宾语
可以作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it 可以作形式宾语。动词和
介词后都可以接宾语。
All of the students were absorbed in what the teacher said and took notes carefully during the class.课上，所有的
学生都认真听讲并且做笔记。
④表语
放在系动词之后；可以作表语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句、疑问词＋不定式。
I'm sociable, easygoing and good at communicating with others.我喜欢交际、为人随和、善于与人交流。
【易错提醒】常见系动词有：be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain,
seem, appear 等。
⑤定语
可以作定语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语从句等。
With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health.去除繁重的负担，学生才可以
保持正常的心理健康。
⑥状语
可以作状语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句。状语可以表示原因、让步、条件、
目的、结果、伴随、方式、时间、地点、比较等。
To make our city green, we decided to plant more trees and protect them.为了绿化城市，我们决定多植树并保护
它们。
⑦宾语补足语
说明宾语的性质、特征等。可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、非谓语动词等。
Sports teach us to be considerate, cooperative and optimistic.运动教会了我们体谅、合作和乐观。
⑧同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，它们被称为同位语。
同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个
句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。同位语除表示其同位成分
的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
①He told me that his brother John is a worldfamous doctor.(同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时，不用逗号
隔开)
他告诉我，他哥哥约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
②Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr James. (同位语只起补充解释作用时，同位语与其同位成
分之间可用逗号隔开)
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games. (
③
同位语表示其同位成分的部分意义)
他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。
能力1 根据语境，准确判断句子成分，根据句子成分判断相应的词性，进而断定词形。
能力2 能对句子进行正确的结构分析，并知晓作的成分。
考向1 在语法填空中考查句子成分
1.（2026·湖南省湘东十二校联考高三上学期11 月期中）【考查谓语的被动语态】The instrument has two
strings, and the bow is made of bamboo with horsehair. The bow passes between the two strings. In recent times,
many improvements 60 (make) to enhance its sound quality.
2.（2026·湖南省湘东十二校联考高三上学期11 月期中）【考查定语和状语】One of the most famous erhu
pieces is The Moon Reflected in the Second Spring, 61 (write) by the folk artist A Bing from Wuxi in the
mid-20th century, which has two main themes that flow together 62 (smooth).
3.（2026·福建省宁德市五校教学联合体高三上学期11 月期中）【考查宾语】 Inspired by the classic Chinese
novel Journey to the West, the film reinterprets the legendary pilgrimage ( 朝圣) through the eyes of four little
monsters.Since its release in China last August, it has gained widespread 60 (popular) for its creativity
and emotional depth.
4.（2026·云南省玉溪第一中学高三上学期期中）【考查主语】While their 61 (visible) is
undeniable, these dramas have sparked debate.
考向2 判断句子成分（写出下列句子中划线部分的成分）
1. （2026·河南省三门峡市高三上学期11 月期中）If you have the chance to visit China, I sincerely hope you
can witness the magnificent swans dancing on the river in person.
2.（2026·河南省三门峡市高三上学期11 月期中）My hometown, Sanmenxia, honored as the “Hometown of
Swans” for its remarkable wetland environment, serves as a significant habitat for thousands of the graceful and
elegant creatures from Siberia every winter.
3.（2026·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期11 月月考）Your sharing will help students learn about cross-
cultural differences better.
4.（2026·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三上学期11 月月考）This accident taught me that honesty doesn’t just
avoid trouble — it brings unexpected warmth and trust.
5.（2026·江苏省无锡市高三调研）To improve this, I suggest incorporating more group discussions or case
studies related to Western art, which could stimulate interest and encourage participation.
6.（2026·江苏省无锡市高三调研）One possible reason is that the course materials are somewhat challenging,
making it difficult for some to fully grasp and participate actively.
考点二 句子的基本构型——八大基本句型及高级句式
考向1 考查写作中的高级句式（完成句子）
1.
（2025 年全国高考一卷·应用文范文）I’m writing to express that my predilection goes to “Guess
who I am”, _______________________________________. 我写这封信是想说明，我最中意的是《猜猜我是
谁》这个节目，它巧妙运用宾语从句来暗示可能的内容。
2.（2025 年全国高考一卷·读后续写范文）One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice message,
_______________________________ and asking if we could meet.那天晚上，我拿起电话给他留了语音留言，
为自己的行为道歉，并询问是否可以见面。
3.
（2025 年全国高考一卷·读后续写范文）________________________, I knew we were finally on
the path to healing.看着托比轻轻把头靠在我哥哥腿上，我知道我们终于走上了康复之路。
4.
（2025 年全国高考二卷·读后续写范文）Through this interaction, I realized that by embracing my
cultural identity, I was ________________________________ but also enriching the lives of those around me.通
过这次交流，我意识到，接纳自己的文化身份不仅能守护家族传统，更能为身边人增添生活色彩。
5.
（2025 年全国高考二卷·读后续写范文）As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates,
______________________________________________.我正说着，同学们全神贯注的样子让我印象深刻，他
的
，
们
眼神里既透着好奇
又带着敬意。
考向2 考查句子结构类型（写出下列句子结构类型）
1．She was outspoken and fashionable.________
2．It's also protected under the law.________
3．The professor offered us his answers to the questions.________
4．There are more than 144 islands on the bay.________
5．Novi Sad's unique architecture and history have made it a major destination.________
6．I won the gold medal in the long jump.________
7．The trip has provided the children with unforgettable visual experiences. ________
句子的基本构型——八大基本句型
句型1 主语＋谓语(S V)
归纳：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。
The rain stopped.雨停了。
句型2 主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad)
归纳：谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语
来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
The time passed quickly.
时间过得很快。
句型3 主语＋系动词＋表语(S V P)
归纳：系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表
语。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是个护士。
[温馨提示] 系动词除了be 动词之外，还有：
①表示感官的动词：feel, look, smell, taste, sound 等；
表示似乎、好像的动词：
②
seem, appear 等；
③表示状态延续的动词：remain, stay, keep 等；
表示转变、变化的动词：
④
become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow 等；
表示终止性结果的动词：
⑤
prove, turn out。
I feel quite happy.我感觉很开心。
句型4 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S V O)
归纳：谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语
的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。
①I love these types of books.
我爱读这些种类的书籍。
I know how to solve the problem.
②
我知道如何解决这个问题。
句型5 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S V O Ad)
归纳：有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。
①I like to stay at home on Sundays.
星期天我喜欢待在家里。
He turned his head around to look at the child.
②
他扭头看向那个孩子。
句型6 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾(S V IO DO)
归纳：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指
物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for 或to。
I gave him a birthday gift.
①
我送给他一个生日礼物。
He bought a new coat for me.
②
他给我买了一件新外套。
[温馨提示] 宾语较长时，常跟双宾语的动词：①需借助于to 的动词：bring, give, lend, hand, offer,
pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write 等；
需借助于
②
for 的动词：buy, call, cook, choose, draw,
find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare 等。
句型7 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S V O C)
归纳：谓语动词后虽然已有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(即宾语补足语)对
宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、疑问词＋不定式
等。
①The news made us very excited.
那个消息令我们非常兴奋。
The teacher asked us to answer the question.
②
老师叫我们回答那个问题。
【易错提醒】宾语较长时，用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构
平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。it 作形式宾语，通常和下列动词
连用：consider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, suppose, take 等。
I think it hard to get along with her.
我觉得很难和她相处。
句型8 There be 结构
【归纳总结】There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属
于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be 中的be 有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to
be, seem to be, appear to be 等代替。
There are two people waiting outside.
①
有两个人正在外面等候。
There happened to be nobody around.
②
碰巧周围没有人。
写作中常用的高级句式
1．It goes without saying that ...“毫无疑问/不言而喻……”
It goes without saying that a good campus environment is of great importance to our growth.
不言而喻，一个良好的校园环境对我们的成长非常重要。
2．There is no denying that ...“不可否认……”
There is no denying that I am capable of helping foreigners learn about Chinese culture better.
不可否认，我有能力帮助外国人更好地了解中国文化。
3．As the old saying goes, ...“常言道，……”
As the old saying goes，“One tree doesn't make a forest.” Our success is based on cooperating with others.
常言道，独木难成林。我们的成功是建立在与别人合作的基础上的。
“
”
4．There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”
To be honest, I have just won the first prize in the Spoken English Competition, so there is no doubt that there
is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners.
实话说，在英语口语比赛中我获得了一等奖，因此毫无疑问，与外国人交流对我来说没有困难。
5．There is a famous saying that ...“有句名言说……”
There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good endings.”， which shows the importance of habits.
有句名言说：好习惯带来好结果。，这表明了习惯的重要性。
“
”
6．No one can deny the fact that ...“没有人能否认……的事实”
No one can deny the fact that exercising regularly is of great benefit to us, so we should change our minds and
spend some time exercising every day.
没有人能否认这个事实，定期锻炼对我们有很大的好处，所以我们应该改变我们的想法，每天花一些
时间锻炼。
7．It is (high/about) time that＋主语＋did/should do sth“该是做某事的时候了”
It is time that we human beings took/should take proper steps/measures to keep the balance of nature.
该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。
8．It is strongly recommended that ...“强烈建议……”
It is strongly recommended that the school should give students more free time to take part in sports activities.
强烈建议学校给学生们更多的自由时间来参加体育活动。
9．I sincerely hope that ...“我真诚地希望……”
I sincerely hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.
如果方便的话，我真诚地希望您能接受我们的邀请。
10．What impresses/excites/disappoints ... me most is (that) ...最令我印象深刻/兴奋/失望……的
是……
What impresses me most is that the water in the river is clear enough to see the bottom.
最令我印象深刻的是河里的水清澈地可以看见河底。
11．What I want to tell you is that ...
我想告诉你的是……
What I want to tell you is that the weather there is changeable and you'd better take more clothes.
我想告诉你的是那儿的天气变化无常，你最好多带些衣服。
12．What I learnt from ... is that ...
我从……学到的是……
What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to protect our community.
我从这次经历中学到的是，保护我们的社区是我们的责任。
13．强调句型
It is with a sincere heart that I hope everyone can give a helping hand at this critical moment.
我是怀着一颗真诚的心，希望每个人都能在这关键时刻伸出援助之手。
14．not only ... but also ...引起的倒装结构
Not only did it offer me a precious chance to get close to nature but also gave me relaxation from heavy
school work.
它不仅为我提供了一个接近自然的宝贵机会，而且也使我从繁重的学业中得到放松。
15．as 引导倒装句，意为“尽管”
Tiring and laborious as the work is, I find the value of labor and the joy of working.
虽然工作很累，很辛苦，但我发现了劳动的价值和工作的乐趣。
16．only 置于句首的倒装结构
Only by making greater efforts can he make greater progress in his career.
只有通过更加努力，他才能在事业中取得更大的进步。
17．without 引导虚拟语气
Without their help and encouragement, I couldn't have overcome so many difficulties.
如果没有他们的帮助和鼓励，我不可能克服这么多的困难。
能力1 根据高考写作中的具体命题情境，写出比较高级的恰到好处的句子。
能力2 熟练使用句型造句，表达自己的想法和意图。
在写作中考查熟练运用各种句型及组合成的高级句式表达自己的想法
1.（2025 年北京卷·书面表达范文）__________ you want to take part in the UN’s initiative for global teenagers,
I feel glad.得知您想参与联合国面向全球青少年的倡议，我感到非常高兴。
2.（2025 年北京卷·书面表达范文）As we know, the environment is facing serious problems,
________________________________. 众所周知，环境正面临严重问题，这些问题影响着每个人的生活。
3.（2025 年北京卷·书面表达范文）________________________________ and encourage more people to take
action, it will make a big difference.如果我们能够提高对这一问题的认识，并鼓励更多的人采取行动，这将
产生巨大的影响。
4.（2025 年北京卷·书面表达范文）_____________________________, we can build a more harmonious global
community.通过分享我们的文化并相互学习，我们可以建立一个更加和谐的全球社区。
5.（2025 年天津卷第一次·书面表达范文）As vividly shown in the chart, _________________________ in the
number of visitors to museums in China.如图表所示，中国博物馆的参观人数显著增加。
6.（2025 年天津卷第一次·书面表达范文）Visitors can engage in hands-on activities like virtual reality
experiences and DIY workshops, ______________________________ and appealing.游客可参与虚拟现实体验
和DIY 工作坊等互动活动，让参观过程更加身临其境且充满吸引力。
7.（2025 年天津卷第二次·书面表达范文） ________________________________ despite our various cultures
and histories, we share the same desire to communicate and connect with each other.它提醒我们，尽管我们的文
化和历史各不相同，但我们都有相同的愿望，即彼此交流和联系。
考点三 考查快速理解文章中的长难句
在语法填空中，考查分析长难句成分分析
1.
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空64，1.5 分）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in
contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the
steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of
the richness of gardening in England.
2．
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空63，1.5 分） But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place
___63___welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing
side by side with historical buildings of the past.
3．
（2025 北京卷·语法填空18,19，3 分）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund,
tourists 18 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of
the total global gas release in 2024.
考查
理解中的长难句的理解
分析长难句
阅读
（
）
1. （2025 北京卷·阅读理解A）Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find
your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others.
2. （2025 北京卷·阅读理解B）Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what
colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay.
3.（2025 北京卷·阅读理解B）Even my failures are attached to a feeling of success; after I take a step back and
look at the big picture, I see them as a launching pad (平台) for my next big achievement.
4. （2025 北京卷·阅读理解C）How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with
but also on how we think about that comparison.
5.（2025 北京卷·阅读理解C）Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in
feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you
use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.”
6.（2025 北京卷·阅读理解D）Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when
we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both
the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author.
7.（2025 北京卷·阅读理解D）Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which
he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story
through which we understand our lives.
8.（2025 北京卷·阅读7 选5）If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable of
accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together
the fabric of your inner world.
Tips：找谓语，定主语，定主干，去枝叶；找连词，定逻辑。
依托前面所讲的句子成分和句子种类，按照上述方法，即可抽丝剥茧，简化复杂的句式为简单句，然
后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。
突破长难句提高阅读速度
快速理解长难句
英语的长难句之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包含多个并列句或从句。近年来高考
在题目设置上增加了句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，突出考查考生在准确理解语境的基础上正确分析句子结
构的能力，这无疑对考生的句式分析能力提出了更高的要求。理解句子结构的障碍主要来自三个方面：非
简单句、非谓语动词和非正常语序。
(一)并列句和复合句使句子变长变难
简单句只含有一套主谓结构且句子中各成分都只由单词或短语构成。任何复杂或高级的句式都是
由简单句的五大基本句型中的一个或几个组成的，简单句组合成非简单句必须借助于连接词，非简单句包
括并列句和主从复合句。
1．并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的句子连在一起构成的句子就是并列句。破解并列句的关键是先找并列
连词，再分析并列分句。
【典例1】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable
since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the
product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution ...
【解析】本句的主干为but
接的并列
构。在第一个分句中，
连
结
we use 是定
从句，修
先行
语
饰
词The set
of speech sounds; since the appearance of human beings 作
状
。在第二个分句中，
语
时间
that we find today 是定
从句，修
先行
语
饰
词the huge variety of speech sounds。
【句意】自从人类出现以来，我们使用的这些语音并不一定保持稳定。相反，我们今天发现的多种多
样的语音正是多种事物如生物变化和文化进化相互交织、相互作用的产物……
2．主从复合句
主从复合句中的三大从句：定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。破解主从复合句要先找从属连词，知
晓从句类型，再分析主从复合句。
【典例2】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a
global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing
remarkably during the last few thousand years.
【解析】本句的主干
主从复合句：
为
Analyses confirmed that there was a change。that 引
的
从句作
语
导
宾
confirmed 的
；介
短
宾语
词
语of a language database 作后置定
，修
名
语
饰
词Analyses; with 复合
构在句中作状
结
，其中
语
increasing 的
主
逻辑
语为the use of “f” and “v”。
【句意】对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音发生了全球性的变化，“f”和
“v”的使用在过去几千年里显著增加。
【典例3】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —
from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
【解析】本句的主干
一个主
从句：
为
语
It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away。过
去分
短
词
语rejected by grocers 和thrown into restaurant garbage cans 作后置定
，分
修
语
别
饰“ugly” vegetables
和large amounts of uneaten dishes。
【句意】令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了
从丑陋
——
“
”(但还可以吃)的蔬菜被食品商
拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。
（二）非谓语动词短语使句子变长变难
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。此处重点关注非谓语动
词在句子中充当以下句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
1．非谓语动词(过去分词除外)充当主语、宾语和表语
【典例4】 Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help
somebody gain an advantage.
【解析】 Being liked 充当句子的主
，此
是
语
动
处
词-ing 形式的被
式作主
。
动
语
【句意】被人喜欢会为学习和各种新的人生体验创造机会，这有助于一个人获得优势。
【典例5】 As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,
make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
【解析】to widen ...; make ...; and preserve ...三个
不定式短
充当
动
语
词
hopes 的
，
宾语
make 和
preserve 前省略了
不定式符号
动词
to。
【句意】作为肯尼迪中心的爵士乐艺术顾问，Moran 希望能扩大爵士乐的听众，使这种音乐更易于被
人接受，并保护它的历史和文化。
2．非谓语动词充当定语
【典例6】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade
for each class period it is late.
【解析】
去分
短
过
词
语not submitted in class on the due date 作后置定
；
语it is late
省略了关系
为
词when
的定
从句，修
先行
语
饰
词each class period。
【句意】没有如期在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降一个等级。
3．非谓语动词充当状语
【典例7】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient
human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower
lip to the upper teeth.
【解析】making ...labiodentals 为动词-ing 短
作状
；
语
语that 在句中引
从句，作
导宾语
动词discovered
的
；
宾语
which 引
非限制性定
从句，修
先行
导
语
饰
词labiodentals。
【句意】他们发现古代成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，这使得发出唇齿音很困难，因为唇齿音是
下唇与上牙齿接触发出的。
(三) 非正常语序使句子变难
非正常语序是指为了强调句子的某个成分而使句子的正常顺序发生了变化，主要包括倒装句和强调句。
1．倒装句
在英语中，主语和谓语倒置的语序称为倒装。倒装句分为完全倒装句和部分倒装句。
(1)完全倒装。
定义：全部谓语置于主语之前，称为完全倒装；
识别方法：表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词；主系表结构中表语置
于句首，且谓语动词是be 动词。
【典例8】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.
【解析】此句是完全倒装句，主
是
语
80-year-old Ruth Xavier; Among those taking part in the project 是介
短
作表
，其中
词
语
语
taking part in the project 是动词-ing 短
作定
，修
语
语
饰those。
【句意】80 岁的Ruth Xavier 是该项目的参与者之一。
(2)部分倒装。
定义：谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前，称为部分倒装；
识别方法：助动词、系动词或情态动词出现在名词或代词前可推断为部分倒装。
【典例9】 Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the
report.
【解析】Only at dinnertime are we eating ...使用了“Only＋介
短
＋
词
语
be＋主语”的
序，
语
语动
谓
词are
eating 的一部分are 被置于主语we 之前，因此是部分倒装。
【句意】 根据这份报告的统计数据，我们中74%的人只有在晚饭时间才会在一起吃饭。
2．强调句
强调句型“It is/was ...that/who ...”通常用来对句中的某个成分进行强调，从而起到修饰的作用。
(1)结构：It is/was＋被强调成分(谓语动词除外)＋that/who＋其他成分。
(2)注意事项：对发生在现在的事进行强调用is，对发生在过去的事进行强调用was；被强调部分是事
或物时用that，被强调部分是人时用that 或who 均可。
(3)识别方法：去掉It is/was 和that/who 后，将被强调部分还原到句中，如果语意通畅，句子结构也完
整，可判定是强调句；反之，则不是。
【典例10】 It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle
projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President.
【解析】not until I became involved in student government 是被
成分，
强调
为not until 引
的
状
从
导
时间
语
句。
【句意】 直到我参与了学生会的工作，我才拥有了自信去管理我在加利福尼亚大学(ASUCR)学生会
主席办公室的帮助下创立的项目。
句法考点的关键能力：
1．根据句子成分及复合句的相关知识，快速准确分析长难句，进而提高阅读理解的速度。
2．熟练掌握句子的基本成分和基本句型以及复杂句式，提高应用文和读后续写的写作水平。
3．准确判断不同词汇在句子中所作的成分，从而准确确定语法填空中的用词准确性。
考向1 分析理解长难句
1．
（2025 浙江首考卷·阅读理解B）Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among
nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods
to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if
that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.
2．
（2025 浙江首考卷·阅读理解C）In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped
so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and
discourages weeds.
3.
（2025 浙江首考卷·阅读理解C）Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants
that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
4.
（2025 浙江首考卷· 阅读理解D ）Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the
fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
5.
（2025 浙江首考卷·阅读7 选5）There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether
written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly.
在语法填空中，考查分析长难句成分分析
1.（2025 浙江首考卷·语法填空）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal
clothing,
63. she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to
weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
2.（2025 浙江首考卷·语法填空）“Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and
focus instead 58. the fact that they have something unique to wear 59. are not
overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
