专题一 阅读理解
类型一 题型破解
第4 讲 词句猜测题
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义
的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以考查对替代
词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解文章中，常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试
大纲，但又没有附加注释，需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章。
考点1 词语猜测题
●辨明题类
词语猜测题是基本上每年必考的阅读理解题型。词义判断是一种阅读技巧和能
力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速判断所指定的某一个生词或短语
含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定
的作用。
词语猜测题的命题方式有：
(1)The underlined word “...” in Paragraph...is closest in meaning to .
(2)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?
(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by “ ”．
(4)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？
(5)By saying “...”， the author means .
(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as .
●技法点拨
1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测
(1)科技说明文等文章中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅
读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。
(2)需要猜测的单词或短语后面有时会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语
的解释说明。
(3)文章下文中常以某种特定方式对前文进行解释，如利用or, that is (to say), in
other words, namely 等词语。
(4)用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。
例如：Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called
911.Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic
device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Paris's
heartbeat returned.
【分析】所猜测单词defibrillator 后面出现了同位语“an electronic device (器械)
that can shock the heart back into work(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器
械)”来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。
2．根据构词法进行猜测
英语中通过词根加词缀或合成两个单词的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一
定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。
例如：A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or
worry.
【分析】根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness 为名词后缀，
easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness 为“不安；担忧”之意。
3．根据因果关系进行猜测
在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，
这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标
志词有because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, since, so that, so/such...that...等。
例如：My son could not follow the teacher's directions, he told me, and thus, Scola
was disrupting the class.Didn't he know my son did not speak English yet?
试题：What does the underlined word “disrupting” probably mean?
A．Breaking.
B．Following.
C．Attending.
D．Disturbing.
【分析】画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我
儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子斯科拉干扰了课
堂”，符合这一因果逻辑关系。故选D。
4．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示
了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见
的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also,
either 等。
例如：The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)
with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from
other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg, Florida.
试题：What does the underlined word “contributions” refer to?
A．Artworks.
B．Projects.
C．Donations.
D．Documents.
【分析】画线单词contributions 前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜
测。and 前面提到了“The fine selection of the major works(精选的重要作品)”，
后面说contributions 来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions 应该属
于works 的范畴，同时文中明确表示contributions 是来自museum 的。故选A。
5．根据转折、对比或反义关系进行猜测
有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词
语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，
yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，on the other hand，rather than，on
the contrary 等。
例如：In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with
golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and
drink.Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive.
试题：What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean?
A．Wild and romantic.
B．Slow and peaceful.
C．Hungry and thirsty.
D．Active and excited.
【分析】画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们 ，但是在一天的这
个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由though 可知，前后两句是转折关
系，再结合前一句中提到的“at a more relaxed and unhurried pace”可知，应选
B 项，Sedate 意为“不慌不忙的”。故选B。
6．根据上下文进行猜测
有些词语猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索
进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。
●真题体验
(2025·浙江1 月卷·阅读理解C)
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity
worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot
more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.Eschewing
fertilizers( 化肥) and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to
garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of
parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal
maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly(模块化)．
In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will
grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that
conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style, adding
artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including
four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round, they invite
you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the
sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix gardens appear wild, they
are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of
“right plant, right place”， they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and
weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet.With human inputs
dramatically reduced, the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix
gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing,
regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon
absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
28．What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Running out of.
B．Keeping away from.
C．Putting up with.
D．Taking advantage of.
【解题示范】 第一步：找出画线短语所在文章中的位置；
第二步：利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测含
义：根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a
lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”可知，
矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和画线词所在句
“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple
principle: to garden more like nature does.”中“to garden more like nature does”可
推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需
要使用化肥和电动工具。故选B。
考点2 代词指代题
●辨明题类
判断替代词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it，one，they，this，that，these，
those，which 等)或代动词(do，does，did 等)具体替代什么。
●技法点拨
1．代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根
据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代
词的指代内容。
2．代动词do, does, did 一般用来替代前文中出现的一个动词短语，以避免重
复。
3．设问形式常有：
(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to?
(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in Paragraph...refers to “
”.
(3)What does the underlined word “do/does/did”in Paragraph...mean/refer to?
判定指代三步法
第一步：确定代词在文中所指代的内容；
弄清代词指代的是前文中的人、物还是一件事，要用单数还是复数。
第二步：掌握代词的含义、用法；
(1)it/this/that 可指代一件事。
(2)it/he/them/they/one/those 指上文提到的人或物。
(3)which/that/who 等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中
which 可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步：替换核实再比较。
(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。
(2)比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
●真题体验
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B)
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
(LPCH)．“Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，” says Ho.“People
get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become
students.The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures.It's a
place of learning.About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there
for more than a year.Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing
them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don't come first.Physical health and mental health are
the priority.“If you're scared about something and thinking only about that, there's no
way you're going to be able to learn，” Ho says.“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a
comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with
their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some
teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel
like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care
about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(同龄
人) outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some
problems，” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH.“It's
about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have
dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
【解题示范】 第一步：根据题干中的paragraph 4，确定画线代词在文章中的
段落；
第二步：迅速扫读文章的第四段，根据画线词所在句“Some teachers don't give
the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.‘I feel like it is a disservice
to the kids，’ Ho says.”可知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件
事。故选C。
考点3 句意猜测题
●辨明题类
句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求
考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后，寻找
意义吻合是解题的关键。
●技法点拨
第一步：在原文中定位画线句；
第二步：查找画线句前后的关键信息句；
第三步：仔细阅读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，合理推断画线句的句意；
第四步：归纳总结，仔细比对选项，确定答案。
●真题体验
(2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解C)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding,
where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon
made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite ：
Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don't worry about it.Once, when trying a
certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand,
and Toby came over, helping me up ：Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I
landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting ：“ Safe
！
Safe
！
Safe
！
” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
9．What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful！
B．Well done!
C．No way！
D．Don't worry!
【解题示范】 第一步：定位画线句，在原文第二段；
第二步：查找画线句后面的关键信息句：“And that's what mattered—landing
tricks, being a good skater.”；
第三步：仔细阅读与画线句有意义关联的信息句，合理推断画线句的句意：根
据画线词下文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.(那才
是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家。)”可知，作
者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe 是
赞美的含义。结合选项，故选B。
A
(2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模)
Russell Cassevah has been obsessed with Legos since he was 4, when his mom let
him pick out his first set after a trip to the doctor's office.As an adult, he took his love
of Legos to another level: he broke Guinness world records for walking barefoot more
than half a mile up and down a path covered with sharp Lego bricks.
After his first world record, Cassevah decided he could use Legos for good: he quit
his day job and began traveling the country to deliver free Legos to children's
hospitals through the nonprofit he created, Little Bricks Charity.Each year, he uses
donations to buy and give away more than $120,000 worth of Lego sets to 29
children's hospitals nationwide.
Cassevah recently completed a road trip to the Arkansas Children's Northwest
Hospital in Springdale, where he donated $9,000 worth of new Lego sets to young
patients.One of them, Hewitt Kahana, was staying in the hospital for his third
chemotherapy (化疗) treatment when he spotted Cassevah sitting at a table covered
with new Lego sets.Hewitt has always been a Lego fan, and he had recently finished
building a mini Egyptian pyramid at home in between treatments for a brain tumor.
When Cassevah noticed Hewitt's excitement, he handed him a Lego Galaxy Explorer
set and asked if he could help him to build it.Hewitt enthusiastically said
yes.“Cassevah was really cool, and building Legos with him made me feel
happy，” Hewitt said.“You could tell that Cassevah really cared about the kids
and was there to bring smiles and encouragement.It was wonderful to watch him and
Hewitt building and laughing，” added Hewitt's mom, Christen Sluyter.
“When I build with kids, my goal is to create fun memories and give them a voice
and let them talk.Hewitt knew so much about what he was going through.You could
also tell that Legos were his escape and joy.More than anything, we laughed and had
fun.Hewitt knew a lot about the bricks and even taught me a few things.My time with
him reinforced my feeling that I'm on the right path，” Cassevah said.
1．What is the mission of Little Bricks Charity?
A．To raise money for children with cancer.
B．To gift legos to hospitalized children.
C．To encourage kids to walk on legos barefoot.
D．To create world records related to legos.
2．What kind of person is Cassevah according to Christen Sluyter?
A．Persistent.
B．Caring.
C．Humorous.
D．Courageous.
3．What does the underlined word “reinforced” in the last paragraph probably
mean?
A．Hid.
B．Hurt.
C．Strengthened.
D．Reduced.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Legos: Young Patients' Escape
B．Sick Kids' Joy in Children's Hospitals
C．A Lego Fan's Great World Records
D．From Walking on Legos to Donating Them
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Russell Cassevah 从小热爱
乐高，成年后甚至创造了赤脚在乐高积木上行走的世界纪录。之后，他决定用
乐高做更有意义的事情，创建了非营利组织Little Bricks Charity，致力于向全国
的儿童医院捐赠乐高积木，给住院儿童带去快乐。
【解析】
1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he quit his day job and began traveling the
country to deliver free Legos to children's hospitals through the nonprofit he created,
Little Bricks Charity”可知，Cassevah 辞去了日常工作，开始通过他创建的非营
利组织Little Bricks Charity 向儿童医院赠送乐高积木。因此，Little Bricks
Charity 的使命是给住院儿童赠送乐高积木。
2．B 推理判断题。根据第四段中Hewitt 的妈妈Christen Sluyter 所说的话
“ You could tell that Cassevah really cared about the kids and was there to bring
smiles and encouragement.It was wonderful to watch him and Hewitt building and
laughing.”可知，Cassevah 非常关心孩子们，并给他们带去微笑和鼓励。因
此，可以推断出Cassevah 是一个有爱心的人。
3．C 词句猜测题。根据画线词前面的“More than anything, we laughed and had
fun.Hewitt knew a lot about the bricks and even taught me a few things.”以及“My
time with him reinforced my feeling that I'm on the right path”可知，Hewitt 知道很
多关于乐高的知识，甚至还教了Cassevah 一些东西，因此与Hewitt 在一起的时
间加强了Cassevah 觉得自己走在正确道路上的感觉。
4．D 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Cassevah 从小热爱乐高，成年后创造了赤
脚在乐高积木上行走的世界纪录，之后他决定用乐高做更有意义的事情，于是
辞去了工作，开始通过他创建的非营利组织向儿童医院捐赠乐高积木。因此，
D 选项“From Walking on Legos to Donating Them”符合文章标题。
B
(2025·浙江省绍兴市高三二模)
It turns out patience isn't always a virtue.By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the
Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist.He had already had his
first show at a local arts hub, showcasing his series titled Dispositions, charcoal
sketches of the human body as a metaphor for his own transformation during
adolescence.
Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition(评审
展览), where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review
process.That's when he hit an obstacle, discovering that the minimum age for
submission was 18.
That rejection stimulates his creation.“There was a void in the art world, and I
thought it'd be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young
artists ，” says Nalin, now 15.With the support of his parents, Nalin founded in
2023 Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio specially for underage artists.The
gallery, which is now profitable enough to break even, charges a small hanging fee for
any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales.In turn, Little
EGG helps promote young talents by showcasing their work.
Not long after opening, Ontario College of Art and Design University professor and
artist David Griffin stumbled upon the gallery while taking a casual walk with his
wife in their neighbourhood.An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some
of Nalin's own work was on the walls.Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understood
that he was speaking with someone special: “a strong young artist with a really
excellent idea, which was to provide a space for showing the local community the
easy, natural genius of young people”．A connection was formed, and Nalin asked
Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition.
The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50
cash prize.Five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled Pokemon.
5．What mainly drove Nalin to start Little EGG Gallery?
A．The support of his parents.
B．The desire to create his own studio.
C．The wish to offer young artists chances.
D．The approval from the local community.
6．What does the underlined phrase “stumbled upon” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Withdrew from.
B．Came across.
C．Looked around.
D．Headed for.
7．Which of the following best describes Nalin Kamat?
A．Patient and humble.
B．Determined and sympathetic.
C．Competitive and cooperative.
D．Creative and devoted.
8．What can we learn from David Griffin's words?
A．Nalin's uniqueness impressed him a lot.
B．Nalin's idea received wide recognition.
C．Nalin's platform boosted young artists' creativity.
D．Nalin's efforts brought about the neighborhood unity.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nalin Kamat 创立Little
EGG Gallery 为年轻艺术家提供展示机会的故事。
【解析】
5．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘There was a void in the art world, and I
thought it'd be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young
artists，’ says Nalin, now 15.”可知，为年轻艺术家提供机会的愿望驱使Nalin
创办了Little EGG Gallery。
6．B 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Not long after opening, Ontario College of
Art and Design University professor and artist David Griffin stumbled upon the
gallery while taking a casual walk with his wife in their neighbourhood.”可知，
David Griffin 和妻子在附近散步，推测他们是偶然发现了这个画廊。
7．D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the
Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist.”以及第三段中的
“ With the support of his parents, Nalin founded in 2023 Little EGG Gallery, a
commercial studio specially for underage artists.”可知，他13 岁就踏上了成为一
名职业艺术家的道路，并于2023 年创办画廊为年轻艺术家提供机会，由此可推
知，Nalin Kamat 是富有创造力和奉献精神的。
8．A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he
understood that he was speaking with someone special: ‘a strong young artist with a
really excellent idea, which was to provide a space for showing the local community
the easy, natural genius of young people’．”可知，David Griffin 认为Nalin 是特
别的，是强大的年轻艺术家，并且有很好的想法，为年轻艺术家提供展示的机
会，由此可推知，Nalin 的独特性给David Griffin 留下了深刻印象。
C
(2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高三一模)
By the time I hit my early 40s, I'd tried all the usual stuff to deal with the whole
“middle-age” thing.I tried learning a new language, messed around with crafting,
and even gave yoga another go.But nothing really stuck.In a moment of total
desperation, I decided to sign up for ballet classes.My husband pointed out that I
wasn't exactly flexible, and my track record with physical activities was pretty
bad.But I was determined to give it a shot.I needed to feel like my body could still
move and be graceful.
Before my first adult ballet class at the National Ballet School in Toronto, I dug out a
rhinestone(莱茵石) headband that had been sitting in my drawer for years.I figured if
I was going to stand in front of a mirror and show off my flaws to a bunch of
strangers, I might as well do it with some sparkle.
Surprisingly, this time, I actually felt good.The repetitive exercises at the barre(横杆),
the physical effort, and even my teacher's critical feedback felt satisfying.My teacher
emphasized that ballet is about striving for perfection, not actually achieving it.As a
writer, that really hit home.It felt like the best advice I'd ever gotten.
Gradually, I started feeling more comfortable with my body.My posture still needs
work, my jumps aren't as high as I'd like, my hips wobble during turns, and my
gestures are far from perfect.But I'm encouraged by the idea that my body is still a
work in progress.Ballet helped me see what my body can do, instead of just focusing
on the signs of aging.
Eight years later, I'm still a lifelong advanced beginner.At 50, I'm finally a ballerina,
though I'm definitely not the kind anyone would pay to see on stage.But I keep going
because each class challenges me and reminds me of what's possible.Recently, my
teacher taught us a beginner version of the Rose Adagio from Sleeping
Beauty.Standing in my living room, balancing on one leg with a rhinestone headband,
dancing just for myself, I felt like a total ballerina.
9．Why did the author decide to take ballet classes?
A．She was good at physical activities.
B．She wanted to prove she could still be graceful.
C．She had a great passion for ballet from the start.
D．She was encouraged by her husband.
10．What did the author think of her first adult ballet class?
A．Surprising and satisfying.
B．Tiring due to the repetitive exercises.
C．Boring as she couldn't do well.
D．Disappointing because of her teacher's criticism.
11．What does the underlined sentence “my body is still a work in progress” in
paragraph 4 mean?
A．Her body is perfect and doesn't need improvement.
B．Her body is getting worse as she ages.
C．There is still room for her body to develop and improve.
D．She should give up ballet because of her imperfect body.
12．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The author doesn't care about others' opinions on her dancing.
B．The author is not satisfied with her performance in class.
C．The author has become a professional ballerina.
D．The author will stop taking ballet classes soon.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中年时期尝试了多
种活动后，最终选择学习芭蕾，并通过芭蕾重新认识自己身体的故事。
【解析】
9．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But I was determined to give it a shot.I
needed to feel like my body could still move and be graceful.”可知，作者学习芭蕾
是为了证明自己仍然可以优雅。
10．A 观点态度题。根据第三段中“Surprisingly, this time, I actually felt
good.The repetitive exercises at the barre ( 横杆), the physical effort, and even my
teacher's critical feedback felt satisfying.”可知，作者对第一次成人芭蕾课的感受
是惊讶和满足。
11．C 句意猜测题。根据画线部分前文“My posture still needs work, my jumps
aren't as high as I'd like, my hips wobble during turns, and my gestures are far from
perfect.”可知，作者的身体在很多方面还存在不足，需要改进。
12．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At 50, I'm finally a ballerina, though I'm
definitely not the kind anyone would pay to see on stage.But I keep going because
each class challenges me and reminds me of what's possible.”及“Standing in my
living room, balancing on one leg with a rhinestone headband, dancing just for
myself, I felt like a total ballerina.”可推知，作者不在乎自己是否能成为舞台上被
人付费观看的专业舞者，她享受为自己跳舞的过程，不在乎别人对她跳舞的看
法。
D
(2025·广东省大湾区高三一模)
On a warm and damp June morning, Emily Bick winds through a field of knee-high
corn.It feels like that quiet, expectation-filled moment before a concert: Tech people
are setting up microphones, connecting wires.The star of this particular show is the
microphone itself.Research assistants are attaching it to the corn stalks( 茎), an
innovation that Bick named the Insect Eavesdropper(窃听器)．
Bick, an insect scientist, researches ways to better detect the agricultural pests that
drive serious economic losses worldwide.She says improving these methods could
result in using pesticides more strategically—less often, at just the right time.Corn
rootworm, also known as the “billion-dollar bug”， feeds on corn roots, limiting
the plant's nutrient supply and making stalks fall over.As a result, 20% of the crop is
lost to the insect every year.Worse still, climate change is bringing new challenges,
such as the multiplication of insects in warmer temperatures.In our global society,
experts say rapid pest detection will be critical to food production.
Bick's solution to the problem of pest detection is sound: Eavesdropping on the
unique vibrations(震动) that an insect makes when chewing on a plant to identify the
insect itself.The Insect Eavesdropper uses a contact microphone, an affordable device
that musicians often use on instruments.A little disc sits on a solid object—like corn—
and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an electrical
signal.“When corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates from the
root system to the stalk ，” Bick says.“That's where we're picking it up.We're
using the plant as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.”
Bick and her colleagues' findings aren't published yet, but as of now, their detection
method is anywhere from 80% to 96% accurate.The team are still working on the
data-processing pipeline, but hope they can get the Insect Eavesdropper on the shelf in
a couple of years.Their goal is to advance pest detection—and maybe inspire people
to listen to everything a little closer.
13．What is Bick's purpose in working in the corn field?
A．To prepare for a concert.
B．To arrange for a study.
C．To make the show special.
D．To innovate planting ways.
14．Why is corn rootworm named “billion-dollar bug”？
A．Its nutrient is rich.
B．It causes great loss.
C．Its number is limited.
D．It brings huge profits.
15．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The corn.
B．The signal.
C．The system.
D．The vibration.
16．Which of the following words can best describe the Insect Eavesdropper?
A．Perfect.
B．Inspiring.
C．Promising.
D．Purchasable.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种检测农业害虫的创新
设备“昆虫窃听器”，解释了其工作原理和发展前景。
【解析】
13．B 细节理解题。根据第一段以及第二段中“Bick, an insect scientist,
researches ways to better detect the agricultural pests that drive serious economic
losses worldwide.”可知，比克在玉米地里工作的目的是为一项研究做安排。
14．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Bick, an insect scientist, researches ways to
better detect the agricultural pests that drive serious economic losses worldwide.”以
及“ Corn rootworm, also known as the ‘billion-dollar bug’ ， feeds on corn
roots, limiting the plant's nutrient supply and making stalks fall over.As a result, 20%
of the crop is lost to the insect every year.”可知，玉米根虫被命名为“十亿美元
虫”因为它造成巨大损失。
15．D 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“A little disc sits on a solid object—like
corn—and captures the vibrations moving through it, registering each one with an
electrical signal.‘When corn rootworm feeds on the roots, the vibration translates
from the root system to the stalk，’ Bick says.”以及后文“We're using the plant
as the musical instrument, as essentially the outside of a guitar.”可知，比克主要通
过玉米根虫啃食根部的震动来发现这种虫子，画线词it 指代前文中的the
vibration。
16．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The team are still working on the data-
processing pipeline, but hope they can get the Insect Eavesdropper on the shelf in a
couple of years.Their goal is to advance pest detection—and maybe inspire people to
listen to everything a little closer.”可知，昆虫窃听器有潜力提升病虫害监测，由
此可知，Insect Eavesdropper“昆虫窃听器”很有前景。
【限时训练】（限时：40 分钟）
词句猜测类
A
(2025·湘豫名校联考高三二模)
In rural Africa, where livelihoods are often tied directly to the land, environmental
decline poses a critical threat to both ecosystems and people's well-being.A new study
co-authored by researchers at Stanford University analyzes how various African
communities have attempted to reverse this trend and offers valuable insights into
what works.The study in Sustainability Science emphasizes that long-term joint
efforts among local communities, governments, and organizations are essential to
foster transitions to sustainability.
For decades, many African communities have faced the double challenge of
addressing environmental decline while improving people's livelihoods.As land
becomes less productive due to low soil fertilization(施肥), deforestation, or climate
change, the pressure on these communities intensifies.This led to top-down restoration
efforts with often limited success, according to the researchers.
More recently, in many areas, new efforts have been made to reverse these negative
trends, often with support from governments, NGOs, or international
organizations.However, results have been mixed, with some initiatives leading to
significant improvements, while others fell short.
After examining 17 cases representing various initiatives to reverse land decline
across 13 African countries, the researchers found that successful interventions
typically share a few key characteristics.First and foremost, they often involve strong
social arrangements between actors, supported by well-functioning institutions.In
cases like the Shinyanga region of Tanzania, where 90% of the population was
involved in reforestation efforts, the results were impressive.The region saw the
restoration of about 1,100 to 1,900 square miles of woodland, which enhanced
livelihoods through the provision of resources like wood for fuel.
Another critical factor is the correspondence of incentives with environmental
goals.In Burkina Faso, for example, farmers began planting cashew trees, driven by
the opportunity to sell their produce in international markets.This not only provided a
new income stream but also helped to combat desertification as more trees were
planted.These cases highlight the importance of ensuring that environmental
restoration efforts also address the economic and social needs of communities.
“It is possible to turn the tide on environmental decline，” Lambin said.“The key
lies in creating long-term interventions that are locally driven and integrate poverty-
related concerns, supported by strong governance structures and based on coalitions
of actors.”
1．What does the study conducted by Stanford University focus on?
A．Economic development in rural Africa.
B．The impact of urbanization on land use.
C．Strategies for reversing environmental decline.
D．The role of technology in agricultural productivity.
2．What is the function of the second paragraph?
A．Offering conclusions.
B．Providing background.
C．Presenting findings.
D．Introducing methodology.
3．Which is the key to reversing the land decline?
A．Top-down government initiatives.
B．Relying solely on NGOs for support.
C．Focus on international organizations.
D．High levels of community involvement.
4．What does the underlined word “incentives” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Rewards.
B．Obstacles.
C．Regulations.
D．Fines.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕非洲农村地区环境衰退问
题，介绍了一项关于如何扭转这一趋势的研究，阐述了相关策略及关键因素。
【解析】
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In rural Africa, where livelihoods are often
tied directly to the land, environmental decline poses a critical threat to both
ecosystems and people's well-being.A new study co-authored by researchers at
Stanford University analyzes how various African communities have attempted to
reverse this trend and offers valuable insights into what works.”可知，这项由斯坦
福大学进行的研究重点是扭转环境恶化的策略。
2．B 推理判断题。根据第二段“For decades, many African communities have
faced the double challenge of addressing environmental decline while improving
people's livelihoods.As land becomes less productive due to low soil fertilization (施
肥), deforestation, or climate change, the pressure on these communities
intensifies.This led to top-down restoration efforts with often limited success,
according to the researchers.”可知，第二段主要讲述了非洲社区长期以来面临的
环境和生计方面的挑战，为下文关于如何扭转环境恶化趋势的研究提供了背景
信息。
3．D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“First and foremost, they often involve strong
social arrangements between actors, supported by well-functioning institutions.In
cases like the Shinyanga region of Tanzania, where 90% of the population was
involved in reforestation efforts, the results were impressive.”可知，扭转土地退化
的关键是社区的高度参与。
4．A 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“In Burkina Faso, for example, farmers
began planting cashew trees, driven by the opportunity to sell their produce in
international markets.This not only provided a new income stream but also helped to
combat desertification as more trees were planted.”可知，在布基纳法索，农民种
植腰果能够销售产品，防治荒漠化，还提供了新的收入来源，即奖励措施，激
励了农民，画线词意思是“奖励”。
B
(2025·江西省重点中学盟校高三一模)
“There are between 10 and 50 billion potentially habitable worlds in our galaxy”，
says Bill Diamond.He is the chief executive of the US based research organization
Seti (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) ．“ Seti is looking for science and
technology beyond the solar system as the evidence of life and intelligence, and that's
by and large a needle in a haystack problem，” Mr Diamond says.“We're looking
for something that is likely exceedingly rare and may be very difficult to find and
extract from the background phenomena that you're observing at the same time.”
But the ability of AI to both handle massive datasets and to spot anomalies(异常现象)
is transforming the hunt for alien intelligence.Mr Diamond points to AI enabling the
search for new types of radio signals from aliens.Traditionally, Seti has looked for
narrowband(窄频的) signals like those used by humans.“But there was always the
question, ‘What if there's an alien advanced technology that is using wideband
radio？’ And if that's the case, our traditional methods wouldn't work; it would look
like a bunch of noise on the screen.” However, Mr Diamond says that the ability of
AI to handle massive amounts of data means it's possible to take millions of
“snapshots” of the snowy audio picture over time, and to start to look for patterns.
Researcher Peter Ma developed an AI system to examine telescope data and
distinguish between possible alien signals and interference.His team simulated both
types of noise and trained the AI to identify them.Mr Ma says that an alien signal can,
for example, only appear when we point our telescopes at it and disappear when we
point away.The project has already identified eight potential alien signals that went
undetected by traditional analysis.However, Mr Ma believes that as the observations
haven't yet been repeated, they are probably false positives.
It's early days, and any promising results generated by AI need to be confirmed by
other observations, or by physics-based models, before they can be shouted from the
rooftops.But as more and more data are collected and analyzed, the chances of
detecting alien life—if it exits—are increasing all the time.
5．What does Mr Diamond stress in Paragraph 1?
A．The ambition to explore the solar system.
B．The challenge of spotting aliens.
C．The existence of alien intelligence.
D．The capability of artificial intelligence.
6．What does Mr Diamond want to prove by mentioning “wideband radio” in
Paragraph 2?
A．The high IQ of aliens.
B．The deafening narrowband signal sources.
C．The potential for the application of AI.
D．The occurrence of new patterns.
7．What will Mr Ma depend on to judge his discovery?
A．The repetitive signals.
B．The identified data.
C．The simulated noise.
D．The conventional analysis.
8．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Before they can be imitated by physicists.
B．Before they can be talked about privately.
C．Before they can be confirmed under observation.
D．Before they can be made public.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能正改变科学家对
外星生命的搜索方式。虽处于早期，但随着数据增加，探测外星生命的机会会
增多。
【解析】
5．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中Mr Diamond 的话“Seti is looking for science
and technology beyond the solar system as the evidence of life and intelligence, and
that's by and large a needle in a haystack problem”可知，Diamond 先生强调的是
发现外星生命存在的挑战性，即发现外星生命就像大海捞针一样困难。
6．C 推理判断题。根据第二段中Mr Diamond 提到宽频无线电时所说的话
“However, Mr Diamond says that the ability of AI to handle massive amounts of
data means it's possible to take millions of ‘snapshots’ of the snowy audio picture
over time, and to start to look for patterns.”可推知，人工智能却能对宽带无线电
的音频图像拍摄“快照”，并开启寻找模式，即Mr Diamond 提及宽带无线电是
为了证明人工智能应用的潜力。
7 ．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ However, Mr Ma believes that as the
observations haven't yet been repeated, they are probably false positives.”可知，Ma
先生将会依赖重复的信号来判断他的发现，因此出现重复性的信号时，才能确
定这些发现是可靠的。
8．D 句意猜测题。根据画线部分前面“It's early days, and any promising results
generated by AI need to be confirmed by other observations, or by physics-based
models”可知，人工智能产生的任何有希望的结果在能够被公开谈论之前，需
要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型进行验证。
C
(2025·四川省雅安市高三二模)
Located in Yixian County, Anhui Province, Xidi and Hongcun have a long history of
more than 900 years.The original residential styles and features of the Ming and Qing
dynasties were preserved perfectly here, so they are reputed as “living ancient
residential museums”．
Xidi Village, built during the Northern Song Dynasty, is one of the most
representative scenic spots of ancient Hui architecture.It was originally a community
of the families with the surname Hu, and now has 124 old residential houses and three
ancestral temples of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Wooden architectures in Xidi are
unique and elegant：Prettified walls prevent rain infiltration; black tiles record the
history of the town.The village is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and two
streams run through the village.The plane( 平面) of the village agrees with the
mountain shape and follows the terrain( 地形), presenting a boat-like shape, which
caters to the intention of the Hu family to engage in business trips and set sail on long
voyages.
Hongcun Village, 15 km from Xidi and built in the Southern Song Dynasty, shares
some features with Xidi but stands out for its water system.Ancient villagers were
creative, shaping the village like a buffalo and building a bionic-based( 仿生的)
artificial water system.The water system is designed like a buffalo's body.Small
channels carry water to each household, then it flows into a pond for filtering, circles
in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally goes into a river.This
design precipitates( 使沉淀) and filters wastewater, and the purified water can be
recycled for irrigation and washing.
During its long-term development, Hongcun has formed its cultural inheritance—a set
of water usage and protection rules and customs that are commonly observed by the
villagers.This ensures the long-term and stable operation of the wastewater treatment
system.
The ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun remain deeply meaningful to locals who
value their cultural roots.Today, the two villages welcome visitors from around the
world to admire their beauty.Walking through stone paths beside lotus ponds, people
don't just see UNESCO World Heritage sites—they appreciate the great wonder
created by people and nature working together.
9．What can we learn about Xidi Village from Paragraph 2?
A．It is famous for wooden temples.
B．It was built like a boat for business trips.
C．It is surrounded by streams and mountains.
D．It was designed based on the natural conditions.
10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on about the water system?
A．Its protection.
B．Its location.
C．Its working principle.
D．Its historical importance.
11．What does the underlined word “This” refer to?
A．The long-term development.
B．Cultural inheritance.
C．Water usage and protection.
D．The villagers' observation.
12．What is the writing purpose of the passage?
A．To describe the beauty of Hui architecture.
B．To explain how people live in harmony with nature.
C．To attract tourists to visit cultural heritage sites.
D．To praise the creativity of people in Xidi and Hongcun.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两
个古村落的历史、建筑特色以及宏村独特的水系设计。
【解析】
9．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The plane(平面) of the village agrees with
the mountain shape and follows the terrain(地形), presenting a boat-like shape”可
知，西递村的设计是基于自然条件而建。
10．C 段落大意题。根据第三段中“The water system is designed like a buffalo's
body.Small channels carry water to each household, then it flows into a pond for
filtering, circles in the village, enters a lake for further filtering, and finally goes into a
river.This design precipitates (使沉淀) and filters wastewater, and the purified water
can be recycled for irrigation and washing.”可知，本段主要描述水系的工作原
理。
11．B 代词指代题。根据第四段“During its long-term development, Hongcun
has formed its cultural inheritance—a set of water usage and protection rules and
customs that are commonly observed by the villagers.This ensures the long-term and
stable operation of the wastewater treatment system.”可推知，“This”指代的是
前文提到的“Cultural inheritance.(文化传承)”，即宏村形成的文化传承确保了
污水处理系统的长期稳定运行。
12．B 写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“Today, the two
villages welcome visitors from around the world to admire their beauty.Walking
through stone paths beside lotus ponds, people don't just see UNESCO World
Heritage sites—they appreciate the great wonder created by people and nature
working together.”可知，本文主要介绍了安徽黟县的西递和宏村两个古村落的
历史、建筑特色以及宏村独特的水系设计，它们的设计体现了人与自然和谐相
处，由此可推知，文章旨在解释人们如何与自然和谐共处。
