专题05 并列句和感叹句
目录
01 知识脑图·学科框架速建
02 考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】并列句概述
【知能解读02】并列句表示并列关系
【知能解读03】并列句表示转折关系
【知能解读04】并列句表示选择关系
【知能解读05】并列句表示因果关系
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】what 引导的感叹句
【重难点突破02】how 引导的感叹句
【重难点突破03】含感叹句的宾语从句的用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】并列句when 句型典型用法
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【方法技巧】括号法—应对阅读理解长难句中并列句
01 并列句概述
并列句：并列句属于英语三大句型之一，另外还有简单句和复合句。学好并列句一要掌握其基本知识框架，二
要把握高考考向，三要加强训练，查漏补缺。
02 并列句表示并列关系
1. 并列连词and 连接两个或两个以上动词、名词、形容词、副词、动名词或介词短语等。
构成“A and B”或者“A, B and C”结构。此考点在语法填空、读后续写频繁出现，请予以高度重视。
He likes swimming and hiking during his free time. （两个动名词并列）
他空闲时喜欢游泳和徒步旅行。
She drank a cup of tea and ate a piece of cake for dessert. （两个谓语动词并列）
她喝了一杯茶，吃了一块蛋糕当甜点。
The recipe calls for flour, sugar and eggs as the basic ingredients. （三个名词并列）
这个食谱需要面粉、糖和鸡蛋作为基本原料。
He spent the afternoon cleaning his room, doing laundry and organizing his desk. （三个动名词并列）
他整个下午都在打扫房间、洗衣服和整理书桌。
2. and 用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，表示顺承关系。
Exercise regularly, and you’ll feel more energetic every day. 定期锻炼，你每天都会感觉更有活力。
Follow the traffic rules, and you’ll avoid accidents on the road. 遵守交通规则，你就能避免路上的事故。
One step at a time, and you’ll climb the mountain easily. 一步一步来，你会轻松爬上这座山。
Consistent effort, and your grades will improve gradually. 持续努力，你的成绩会逐渐提高。
3. 其他表示并列关系的短语。
both…and…表示“不但……而且……”；not only…but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”，also 可以省略；as well as
表示“又，而且”。
She likes both classical music and rock ’n’ roll. 她既喜欢古典音乐，也喜欢摇滚乐。
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys the activity. 不仅学生，老师也喜欢这个活动。
The father, as well as his children, likes hiking. 父亲和他的孩子们都喜欢徒步旅行。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2025 全国一卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic
placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil
paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
2. (2025 浙江1 月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the
fact that they have something unique to wear 59 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes ( 衣柜) or
contributing to landfill.
3. (2024 新课标II 卷) Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai
and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,
Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65 see how Tang’s play was being
performed.”
4. (2023 九省联考卷) He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence
has improved as well. He is happy with the improvement he sees in his students’ writing 43 in his own
writing.
5.（2023 新课标II 卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas
settle into their new home.
6.（2022 新课标I 卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is
designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity( 完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
7.（2022 新课标II 卷）He hung on for a few minutes ___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't
hear him.
8.（2022 全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued ( 发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
____________ cultural exchanges.
9.（2021 全国I 卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the
whole adventure ___________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
10.（2021 全国II 卷）I found the contact information of the company________ emailed its president.
11．Leave us more time to do our homework we will have difficulty finishing all of it.
12．Listen carefully, you’ll understand what the teacher means.
13．Don’t run too fast for the first hour, you won’t have enough energy left for the rest of the race.
14．He as well as his wife ( invite) to the party last week.
15．Not only Tom and Mary but also I (be) fond of swimming.
03 并列句表示转折关系
1. 连词but, yet 连接两个分句，前后句在逻辑上构成转折关系。
注意although, although, as 引导的倒装句不能与but 连用。
I tried my best to solve the problem, but
I still failed
. 我尽全力解决这个问题，但还是失败了。
The task is difficult, yet
we will manage to finish it on time
. 任务很难，但我们会设法按时完成。
Although he is poor, he is always happy. 虽然他很穷，但他总是很开心。
Hard as she tried, she couldn’t pass the exam. 虽然她努力了，但没通过考试。
2. while/whereas 还可以位于句中，表示前后对比，意为“不过，但是”, whereas 比较正式。
Some people prefer tea, while
others like coffee
. 有些人喜欢茶，不过另一些人喜欢咖啡。
John is quiet, whereas
his brother is very talkative
. 约翰很安静，而他的哥哥很健谈。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023 全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very
different worlds make a good combination.
2.（2021 全国甲卷）My bike was old and shaky ______ did the job.
3．I might have given you more help, I was too busy.
4．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park I had an idea of going to a nicer place.
5．The point guard is a key player, it was like he wasn’t even on the court!
04 并列句表示选择关系
or（或者）, either...or... （或者……或者）, not...but.. （不是……而是）, neither…nor…（既不……也不）
引导并列句，前后两个分句为选择关系。
You can stay at home, or you can go out with me. 你可以待在家里，或者跟我出去。
Either he is telling the truth, or he is lying. 他要么在说真话，要么在撒谎。
She didn’t cry, but laughed loudly. 她没有哭，而是大声笑了。
She can neither speak French nor write it. 她既不会说法语，也不会写法语。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023 新课标I 卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream
and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on
your tongue.
2．You can either solve the problem by yourself, ______ seek help from your classmates.
3．Whether it’s out of love and interest, a desire to help those with hearing loss, simply for situations
where speaking is difficult due to illness, sign language can be very useful.
4．The disagreement was so sharp that neither he I knew how to settle it.
5 ．We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good
bad purposes.
05 并列句表示因果关系
连词for, so 表因果关系，for 连接的分句一般不放在句首。
She must have gone out, for the door is open. 她一定出去了，因为门是开着的。
It was getting late, so we decided to go home. 天晚了，因此我们决定回家。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I’m not outgoing I’m a little anxious right now.
2．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _______ plants can spread to new places.
3．She is very busy these days, she can’t go to the party with us.
4．She must have gone out early, she didn’t show up at breakfast.
5．It has been separated from other continents for millions of years, it has many plants and animals that
cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
01 what 引导的感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。what 是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词，名词前
可以有冠词和形容词修饰，注意感叹句用陈述语序。What 引导的感叹句典型场合：
1. What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
What an amazing movie we watched! 我们看了一部多么精彩的电影啊！
2. What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
What beautiful paintings you drew! 你画了多么漂亮的画啊！
3. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What useful advice you gave! 你给出了多么有用的建议啊！
★易错提醒：注意区分名词是可数名词还是不可数名词以及后边用陈述语序。
02 how 引导的感叹句
how 是感叹副词，用作程度状语，修饰形容词、副词或谓语动词。注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四
种类型。
1. How +形容词+主语+谓语!
How interesting the movie was! 那部电影多么有趣啊！
2. How+副词+主语+谓语!
How loudly the children are shouting! 孩子们喊得多大声啊！
3. How+形容词+ a (n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
How amazing an experience this was! 这是一次多么惊人的经历啊！
4. How+主语+谓语!
We met as freshmen, and now we’re graduating. How time flies!
我们刚入学时还是新生，现在却要毕业了。时光飞逝啊！
★易错提醒：“What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”可以和“How+形容词+ a (n)+可数名词单
数+主语+谓语!”转换。
How interesting an idea he has! =
What
an interesting idea he has
! 他有一个多么有趣的想法啊！
03 含感叹句的宾语从句的用法
1.主句+what+a(n)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语。
注意点：保持感叹句陈述语序；what 的中心名词必须是名词；名词区分不可数名词以及可数名词单复数。
She said what a lovely song it was. 她说那是一首多么动听的歌啊。
I know what an interesting book you have bought! 我知道你买了一本多么有趣的书！
2.主句+how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。
She thought how beautiful the city was. 她认为这座城市多么美丽。
We are talking about how amazing the movie is. 我们在谈论这部电影有多精彩。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1． happy I felt when I put on the new clothes!
2．— You seem to be in a really good mood.
—I finished my last test today. What relief! Now I’m free.
3． great fun it is to have a bowl of ice cream on such a hot day!
4． silly it was of you to give up such a good chance.
5． a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
6．The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face and life would be like in
the future.
7．The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!
8．Tears came to my eyes as I realized a fool I had been to judge Jim’s father as a failure.
9．What he said made me recognize silly mistakes I had made.
10．I cannot tell you how (delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
并列句when 句型典型用法
when 可用作并列连词，相当于 and at this// that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，用于下列句式：
1. had just done sth. when....表示“刚做完某事，这时发生另一件事”。
She had just finished her meal when the waiter brought the bill.
她刚吃完晚饭，这时服务员就拿来了账单。
2. was/were doing sth. when....表示“某人正在做某事，这时发生另一件事”。
We were hiking in the mountains when it started to snow.
我们正在山里徒步，这时开始下雪了。
3. was/were about to do sth. when... 表示“某人正要做某事，这时发生另一件事”。
He was about to miss the bus when it suddenly stopped for him.
他差点就错过公交车了，这时车突然为他停了下来。
4. was/were on the point of doing sth...when...表示“某人正要做某事, 这时发生另一件事”。
I was on the point of leaving the office when my boss asked for an urgent meeting.
我正要离开办公室，这时老板突然要求开紧急会议。
【跟踪训练】根据所给汉语和提示翻译下列各句。
1．Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the
balcony.
2．I (wander) through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
3．He (look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.
4．Mary (just finish) her homework when her father asked her to have a rest.
5．We were just about (leave) when Jerry arrived.
括号法—应对阅读理解长难句中复杂并列句
阅读理解长难句应对最简单有效的办法是遇到各种从句、非谓语、介词短语等用括号括起来视为一个单位，
从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”删繁就简的目的，快速理解句子含义。
1. (2025 全国一卷阅读C 篇) Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk
safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.
翻译：许多家长表示，路上车辆太多，孩子们无法安全步行上学，所以他们转而开车送孩子去学校。
理解：Many parents say (there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school) (宾语从
句), (so they pack them into the car instead) (并列句).
2. (2025 全国一卷阅读C 篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth —
they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of
seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
翻译：微塑料已成为全球范围内一种常见的污染源 —— 它们沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，嵌入火山岩中，
填满海鸟的胃，甚至出现在南极的新鲜积雪里。
理解： Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they( have settled in the
deep sea and on the Himalayas) (并列1), (stuck inside volcanic rocks) (并列2), (filled the stomachs of
seabirds) (并列3) and (even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow) (并列4).
【跟踪训练】用括号法把下列各句的并列部分括起来。
1. (2025 全国一卷语法填空) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the
strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,
sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
2. (2025 全国二卷阅读C 篇) Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing
our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
3. (2025 全国二卷阅读D 篇) For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed
wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad.
4. (2025 全国二卷七选五) Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such
as improved grades and increased self-confidence.
5. (2025 全国二卷完形填空) Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved
the doubters wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an inspiration or many social media users.
一、单项语法填空
在空白处填1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
并列句和感叹句综合能力提升
1.（2021 浙江卷1 月）In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the
scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in
rural areas.
2.（2020 浙江1 月卷）It's also that they are on average healthier __________more productive for longer.
3．They speak English not only in class also in the dormitory.
4．The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm is located at Roma Street
station.
5． you like classical music or pop music, this music festival has a wide range of performances for
you.
6．So try a few tests online start thinking about your future career right now!
7．Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy angry human faces, according to a new study.
8．Without motivation, you can neither set a goal reach it.
9．Have you ever heard of the Ring of Fire? It might sound like something straight out of science fiction,
it is a real place.
10．Either Tom his twin sisters are going to put on a performance tomorrow evening.
11． a fantastic Chinese panting show it is!
12． beautiful the West Lake looks! I have never seen a better lake.
13．I didn’t realize smart Bill was until I had a talk with him.
14．She (make) necklaces with the help of Anne when she noticed that she had made some mistakes.
15．The police (search)the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
二、并列句和感叹句助力写作能力升格
书面表达句式升级：请运用准确祈使句、感叹句、并列句翻译下列各句。
1. (2025 全国一卷) 令我欣慰的是，他第二天回了电话，我们约好很快见面。
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2. (2025 全国一卷) 我们聊了好几个小时，笑着，回忆着往昔的时光，也慢慢重拾了那些曾经失去的东西。
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3. (2025 全国二卷)上个月，您欣然同意撰写一篇关于加拿大体育的文章，我们都期待着能读到它。
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4. (2024 新课标I 卷) 我还添加了一些像鸟儿和蝴蝶这样的细节以使画面更加生动。
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5. (2024 新课标I 卷)这次经历启发我要珍惜并探索更多自然的奇妙之处。
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6. (2024 新课标I 卷) 这次在公园的课拓宽了我的视野，教会我从不同角度看待事物。
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7. (2023 新课标I 卷) 我的建议是根据学生的语言能力对他们进行分组，或者让学生自己选择伴侣。
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8. (2021 全国乙卷) 另外，尽量写下问题，及时咨询老师。
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9. (2021 全国乙卷) 最后，让我们成为智慧网络学习者，学业进步。
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10. (2021 全国乙卷) 遵循这些忠告，我们就会成为智慧的网络学习者。
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