专题31 主谓一致
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养，研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架，构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026 年
2025 年
2024 年
意义一致
新课标Ⅱ卷am supposed
——
新高考 Ⅱ 卷were
语法一致
新课标Ⅰ卷were
新课标Ⅰ卷tries
全国乙卷were
考点一 语法一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 单数主语配单数谓语 知识点2 复数主语配复数谓语
知识点3 固定语法结构一致规则
考向破译 考向01 基础语法一致形式辨析 考向02 修饰成分干扰下的语法一致判断
考点二 意义一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 形单义复主语 知识点2 形复义单主语 知识点3 集体名词的意义区分
考向破译 考向01 形单义复、形复义单特殊主语辨析 考向02 集体名词语境语义判断
考点三 就近一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 就近一致核心句式 知识点2 There/Here be 句型特殊规则
知识点3 特殊就近结构
考向破译 考向01 并列连词句式的就近搭配 考向02 There be 句型语境化辨析
考点四 特殊主谓一致规则
知识解构 知识点1 分数、百分数作主语 知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致
知识点3 并列主语的特殊规则
考向破译 考向01 数量结构主语的主谓搭配 考向02 定语从句、并列主语特殊场景判断
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向
新课标Ⅰ卷are revealed
浙江 1 月首考is
浙江 1 月首考have started
就近/就远一致
——
全国乙卷is
新课标Ⅰ卷walks
特殊结构
——
新课标Ⅱ卷 is
——
考情分析
一、题型与考向：分析近三年高考真题可知，近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识
相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和
得体性。
主谓一致题型考查特点如下：
语法填空（核心题型）：考察稳定，每年都会考察，语法一致（考查最多，占 75% 真
题）无单独考主谓一致，全部绑定时态 + 语态综合设问；就远原则（高频易错，2024
新 Ⅰ 典型）
写作：高频隐性失分点。常出现主谓单复数错配、集合名词用法失误，精准的主谓一致
能大幅提升书面表达严谨度。
听力：间接考查。依托含插入语、of 结构的长难句，通过主谓单复数差异区分句意与选
项。
阅读理解：解题基础能力。借助主谓一致拆分长难句主干，依托主谓逻辑辨析选项、精
准理解语篇。
完形填空：辅助解题依据。可通过主谓一致规则筛选动词、be 动词、助动词选项，辅助
验证名词词义。
复习目标
1.
掌握基础规则：快速剥离定语、插入语等干扰成分，精准定位核心主语，熟练匹配
谓语单复数、be 动词及助动词形式。
2.
精通特殊结构：熟练掌握就远原则、of 所有格、some of 数量结构三大高频考点，
适配长难句解题场景。掌握集合名词、不定代词、数量词组的主谓一致用法。
4.
构建综合思维：结合时态、语态联动解题，攻克语法填空综合题型；规避写作主谓
搭配失误，保障表达规范得体。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式
考点一 语法一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 单数主语配单数谓语
可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词（he/she/it/this/that 等）、动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时，谓
语动词一律用单数形式。其中，动名词或不定式短语作主语表单一动作、抽象概念时，固定搭配单数谓语；
主语从句作主语，默认整体为单数概念，谓语用单数。
例句: Reading English newspapers is a good way to improve your English.
翻译：阅读英语报纸是提升英语水平的好方法。
知识点2 复数主语配复数谓语
可数名词复数、复数代词（we/you/they/these/those 等）、多个并列的不定式/动名词/名词（表多个独立概
念）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。常规复数主语不受后置定语、介词短语修饰影响，始终遵循复数谓
语搭配规则。
例句: Teachers and students are required to attend the opening ceremony.
翻译：老师和学生都被要求参加开学典礼。
知识点3 固定语法结构一致规则
涵盖各类固定句式语法搭配：如each/every/many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数；no one/nobody/nothing
等不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；both/all/few/many 等表复数概念的不定代词作主语，谓语用复数。
例句1（单数）: Many a student has realized the importance of persistence.
翻译：许多学生都意识到了坚持的重要性。
例句2（复数）: Few of them know the truth of the incident.
翻译：他们当中几乎没人了解事件的真相。
易错提醒
❌主语附带介词短语、后置定语的干扰型单句填空与短文改错题，认准句子核心主语，后置修饰成分不改
变主语原本单复数属性。
考●向●破●译
考向1 基础语法一致形式辨析
1.（2024 浙江金华高三联考）
Reading ancient poems and appreciating calligraphy ________ (offer) us a chance to feel traditional Chinese
beauty.
2.（2025 湖北八校高三三模）
What we lack right now ________ (be) enough professional guides for rural cultural tours.
3.（2024 北京高三英语专项练）
The scientist as well as his three assistants ________ (carry) out field research on ancient porcelain since last
summer.
考向2 修饰成分干扰下的语法一致判断
1.（2023 山东济南高三一模）
No one but Tom and his classmates ________ (know) the hidden story behind the old folk song.
2.（2025 湖南长郡中学月考）
It is the ordinary craftsmen who ________ (make) these amazing hand-made cultural treasures.
3.（2025 安徽 A10 联盟高三最后一卷）
Every step, from collecting grains to carving patterns, ________ (require) careful handwork and patience.
策略归纳
先剥离插入语、后置定语、修饰短语，锁定句子真正核心主语；熟记单数主语、复数主语、不定代词、
从句、非谓语主语的固定单复数属性；就远类结构坚决以前置主语为准，不受后置干扰，结合时态语态直
接判定谓语形式。
考点二 意义一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 形单义复的主语
部分名词形式为单数，但语义为复数概念，谓语动词需用复数。常见词汇：people、police、cattle 等集体
名词；以及表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词。此类主语无复数变形，固定搭配复数谓语。
例句: The police are searching for the missing child in the neighborhood.
翻译：警方正在社区内搜寻这名失踪的儿童。
知识点2 形复义单主语
部分名词形式为复数，但语义为单一整体、抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。常见类别：表示学科、课程的名
词（physics、maths、politics 等）；表示报刊、书名、组织机构的复数专有名词；表示时间、金钱、距离、
重量等度量衡的复数名词（表整体概念）。
例句1（学科）: Physics is a difficult subject for some high school students.
翻译：物理对一些高中生来说是一门很难的学科。
例句2（度量衡）: Ten years is a long time in one's life.
翻译：十年在人的一生当中是一段漫长的时光。
知识点3 集体名词的意义区分
family、team、class、group、government、audience 等集体名词，视语义定谓语形式：表整体概念时，谓语
用单数；表集体中的个体成员时，谓语用复数。
例句1（整体）: My family is a happy and warm big family.
翻译：我的家庭是一个幸福温暖的大家庭。
例句2（个体）: My family all like traveling on weekends.
翻译：我的家人周末都喜欢出游。
易错提醒
❌特殊名词、集体名词结合语境的主谓搭配辨析题，极易被单词形式误导。
得分速记
名看义不看形，集体名词看语境，整体单数、个体复数。
考●向●破●译
考向1 形单义复、形复义单特殊主语辨析
1.（2024 四川泸州高三三模）
At age 16, she made Su embroidery works, all of which ________ (sell) to support her poor family.
2.（原创题）To better spread local traditional culture, the cultural bureau ________ (develop) a complete set of
folk culture promotion plans in the last few years.
3.（原创题）Now urban managers and relevant departments ________ (put) targeted measures in place to protect
popular scenic spots from over development.
考向2 集体名词语境语义判断
1.（原创题）As domestic new energy technology matures and public environmental awareness improves, the
enterprise ________ (replace) traditional fuel-powered equipment with clean energy devices, which is widely
welcomed in overseas markets.
2.（原创题）The volleyball team ________ (have) its final tactical training before the league finals. It needs to
stay focused and stable.
3.（原创题）The panel ________ (debate) the new industry regulation right now, and it is expected to announce
the final result soon.
策略归纳
核心：弃形式看语义，整体单数、个体复数、特殊名词看属性
考点三 就近、就远原则判定（就近一致）
知●识●解●构
知识点1 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单复数、人称，只和离它距离最近的主语匹配。
1. 关联并列连词连接双主语
适用连词：either…or…、neither…nor…、not…but…、not only…but also…
例 1：Either Lily or her brother has to clean the classroom.
译文：要么莉莉，要么她弟弟得打扫教室。
解析：靠近谓语的主语为 her brother（单数），谓语用单数 has。
例 2：Not only the students but their teachers know this secret.
译文：不光学生，老师们也知道这个秘密。
解析：贴近谓语的主语是 their teachers（复数），谓语用复数 know。
2. There be / The following 句式
be 动词单复数跟随紧跟在后的第一个名词变化。
例 1：There is a notebook and three markers in the bag.
译文：包里有一本笔记本和三支记号笔。
例 2：There are three markers and a notebook in the bag.
译文：包里有三支记号笔和一本笔记本。
例 3：The following is a report and several charts.
译文：下面是一份报告和几张图表。
例 4：The following are several charts and a report.
译文：下面是几张图表和一份报告。
知识点2 就远一致原则
主语后附带 with、together with、along with、as well as、rather than、including、like、but、except 等
引导的补充成分时，这些成分只作修饰，不算主语核心。谓语只和最前方的主干主语保持一致。
解题小技巧：可直接删去中间修饰短语，剩下的名词就是真正主语。
例 1：The scientist, together with his assistants, is doing field research.
译文：这位科学家和他的助手们正在开展实地调研。
解析：核心主语 The scientist 为单数，谓语用单数 is。
例 2：All classmates, except Tom, take part in the outdoor activity.
译文：除了汤姆，所有同学都参加户外活动。
解析：主干主语 All classmates 是复数，谓语搭配复数 take。
例 3：This cat, like other small pets, needs daily care.
译文：这只猫和其他小型宠物一样，需要日常照料。
解析：主语为单数 this cat，谓语使用单数 needs。
易错提醒
❌多主语并列句式、There be 多名词并存的语法填空与改错题。就近句式只看紧邻谓语的主语，忽略远距
离主语的单复数。
考●向●破●译
考向1 并列连词句式的就近搭配
1.（2024 广东佛山高三阶段检测）
Not only the students but also their head teacher ________ (invite) to attend the traditional art show yesterday.
2.（2025 重庆八中高三月考）
Neither the guide nor the tourists ________ (allow) to touch the fragile ancient paintings in the exhibition.
3.（原创题）In the meeting hall ________ (be) the director or his assistants, ready to answer staff’s questions.
考向2 There be 句型语境化辨析
1.（原创题）The documentary ranks this ancient poet among the world’s top literary masters, ________ (put) him
on a par with Goethe and Byron, and pointing out that there ________ (be) no similar literary genius in modern
Western literature.
2.（原创题）There ________ (be) growing concern among experts that climate change, exacerbated by recent
industrial activities, ________ (be) accelerating at an unforeseen rate.
策略归纳
就远原则
主语 + as well as /but/except /together with…，谓语和最前面主语单复数一致
就近原则
not only…but also… /neither…nor… /or/either…or…，谓语和靠近的名词单复数一致
考点四 特殊结构的主谓一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 分数、百分数作主语
分数、百分数 + of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数由of 后的核心名词决定：后接不可数名词/单数可数
名词，谓语用单数；后接复数可数名词，谓语用复数。
例句1（单数）: Three-fifths of the water has been used up.
翻译：五分之三的水已经被用完了。
例句2（复数）: Sixty percent of the students take part in after-school activities.
翻译：百分之六十的学生参加课外活动。
知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致
常规定语从句：从句谓语单复数由先行词决定；特殊结构：one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语用复
数；the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语用单数。
例句1（复数）: He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
翻译：他是通过考试的学生之一。
例句2（单数）: She is the only one of the girls who wins the scholarship.
翻译：她是所有女孩中唯一获得奖学金的人。
知识点3 并列主语中的特殊规则
and 连接两个单数名词，表同一人、同一物、同一概念（两套身份、一体事物）时，谓语用单数；表两个
独立人/事物时，谓语用复数。
例句1（同一人）: The writer and teacher is very popular among students.
翻译：这位作家兼老师深受学生喜爱。
例句2（两个人）: The writer and the teacher have come to the meeting.
翻译：这位作家和这位老师都来参加会议了。
得分速记 数量结构看of 后名词，定从看先行词，并列名词看是否为同一整体。
考●向●破●译
考向1 数量结构主语的主谓搭配
1.（2023 江苏苏州高三二模）
Large quantities of ancient paper relics ________ (find) in the newly opened museum last month.
2.（2024 河南郑州高三三模）
A series of local folk performances ________ (hold) every weekend in the city cultural hall.
3.（原创题）Its ultra-realistic feather coat, polished by a professional intangible cultural heritage team, ________
(make) it almost identical to real wild swans at first sight.
考向2 定语从句、并列主语特殊场景判断
1.（原创题）Handicraft embroidery, a traditional folk art with profound Chinese cultural heritage, ________
(involve) weaving colorful threads into exquisite patterns and artworks.
2.（原创题）Africa’s flagship solar energy project is designed and constructed by Chinese enterprises, ________
(which) is regarded by industry insiders as a breakthrough in local clean energy development and ________
(demonstrate) the outstanding strength of Chinese global energy cooperation.
3.（原创题）The design of this riverside pavilion, which looks like a floating boat on the water, ________ (credit)
to a famous domestic landscape architect.
策略归纳
解题优先判断主谓一致三大核心原则，先找句子核心主语，排除修饰成分干扰；特殊名词、固定句式单独
记忆，结合语境区分形式与语义差异，嵌套句式分层判断，可快速规避绝大多数失分陷阱。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向
题组一 语法一致
1.（2024 新高考Ⅱ卷·58）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58________ (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns.”
2.（2024 全国甲卷·44）They 44________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.（2024 新高考Ⅱ卷·61）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61________
(build) at the First Garden.
4.（2025 新高考Ⅰ卷·60）“The players’ personalities 60________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s
weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
5.（2025 新高考Ⅰ卷·61）A decent winner always 61________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or
two points as a gesture of respect for the other side.
6.（2025 新高考Ⅱ卷·61）The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes 61________ (be) one of them.
7.（2025 浙江1 月首考·62）The concept 62________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits
for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
8.（2025 北京卷·16）Usually, better outcomes 16________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of
strategies like risk tolerance.
9.（2026 新高考Ⅰ卷·59）In the old days, transport and communication 59________ (be) limited, so villagers
came to daji to buy daily necessities.
题组二 特殊结构一致
1.（2024 全国乙卷·44）Small stone houses, each with a private garden, 44________ (be) lined along the quiet
river.
2.（2024 北京卷·13）Taking a short walk outdoors every day 13________ (give) people a great sense of
relaxation.
3.（2024 浙江1 月首考·42）Local farmers 42________ (start) to grow this special fruit since 2010.
题组三 就近一致、就远一致
1.（2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·60）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60________ (walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain
for the first time.
题组四 意义一致
1.（原创题）The staff in the marketing department ________ (express) a range of opinions regarding the new
campaign, with some voicing strong support and others remaining skeptical.
2.（原创题）A pair of vintage glasses ________ (lie) on the antique desk, left behind by the previous owner.
3.（原创题）A number of applicants who were shortlisted after the initial screening round ________ (submit)
their portfolios online till now.
