专题18 虚拟语气
目录
01 知识脑图·学科框架速建
02 考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】一二三四类动词接宾语从句
【知能解读02】一二三四类名词接从句
【知能解读03】It is strange/a pity that..从句
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】if 虚拟条件句用法
【重难点突破02】if 错综条件句用法
【重难点突破03】If 虚拟句省略用法
【重难点突破04】含蓄条件句用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】I wish that….句型
【易混易错02】If only….句型
【易混易错03】I would rather that….句型
【易混易错04】It is high time that…句型
【易混易错05】It looks as if….句型
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展】虚拟语气特殊注意点
01 一二三四类动词接宾语从句
1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should 可以省略。
一坚持insist，二命令order, command，三建议advise, suggest, recommend，四要求demand, desire,
require, request。还有desire, advocate, ask 等动词也有类似用法。
The officer ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river immediately.
军官命令士兵们立即过河。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased.
工人们要求涨工资。
They asked that the meeting (should) be postponed.
他们要求会议延期。
2.insist 表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。
The manager insisted that the meeting (should)
be
held
immediately.
经理坚持要求立即召开会议。
He insisted that he
was
innocent
, though no one believed him.
他坚称自己是无辜的，尽管无人相信。
3.suggest 表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句通常用虚拟语气；表示“暗示”“表明”等时，其后宾语从句用
陈述语气。
The doctor suggested that he (should)
take
a rest.
医生建议他休息一下。
What he said suggested that he was
not
suited
for the job.
他说的话暗示他不适合这份工作。
4.It is/was+一二三四类动词的过去分词+that…从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should 可以省略。
It was suggested that a new hospital (should) be built in the town.
当时有人建议在镇上建一所新医院。
It was required that all applications (should) be submitted by Friday.
当时要求所有申请需在周五前提交。
02 一二三四类名词接从句
一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should 可以省略。这些
名词有：order 命令, command 命令, advice 建议, suggestion 建议, requirement 要求，request 请求，
demand 要求, desire 要求。
His command was that the work (should) be finished
by Friday.（表语从句）
他的命令是这项工作必须在周五前完成。
The company has a requirement that all employees (should) attend the training. （同位语从句）
公司有一项要求，所有员工必须参加培训。
03 It is strange/a pity that..从句
1.It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should 可以省略。
It was surprising that she (should) leave
without saying goodbye.
令人惊讶的是，她竟然没道别就走了。
It is essential that the data (should) be checked twice.
这些数据必须检查两遍，这很关键。
2. It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。
It is necessary that we should have finished the task before last Friday.
我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。
It is a shame that she should have given up the opportunity to study abroad.
她竟然放弃了出国留学的机会，真是太可惜了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It’s suggested in the report that government expense (reduce) to increase teachers’ salaries.
2. It was proposed that the house (preserve) as it had been when the great writer lived in it.
3. Many people in the neighbourhood recommended that the old bus station (replace) with a modern one.
4. The editor insisted that at least 300 words (cut) out of my article before it could be published.
5. The education experts suggested more attention (pay) to protecting the students’ eyes.
6. Although Tom insisted that he (hand) in his homework yesterday, Mr Wang still insisted he________
(do) it again.
7. It’s a pity that her husband (attempt) to deal with this problem in such a stupid way.
8. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (involve)in the plan or they won’t pass the final exam.
9. My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life (encourage) to finance the project with their
deeper love for these children.
10. The head teacher made a request that a meeting (schedule) to arrange for the upcoming anniversary of
the school’s founding day.
01 if 虚拟条件句用法
场合
从句谓语
主句谓语
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be 用were)
would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +动词过去分词
would/could/might have done
与将来事实相反
1.动词过去式(be 用were)
2.were to +动词原形
3.should +动词原形
would/could/might +动词原形
If it were
sunny today, we would
go
to the park.
如果今天晴天，我们就去公园了。
If she had
seen
you yesterday, she would
have
asked
you about it.
要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。
If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。
02 if 错综条件句用法
if 错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。
If he had studied hard in college, he
would have
a better job now
.（主句与现在事实相反）
如果他大学时努力学习，现在就会有一份更好的工作了。
If we had booked the tickets in advance, we
would
leave
for
the
trip
next
Monday
. （主句与将来事实相
反）
如果我们提前订了票，下周一就能去旅行了。
03 If 虚拟句省略用法
if 条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had 提前到句首构成部分倒装句。
原句：If I were in your position, I would accept the offer.
倒装句：Were
I in your
position
, I would accept the offer.
翻译：如果我处于你的位置，我会接受这个提议。
原句：If you should need any help, please call me.
倒装句：Should
you
need
any
help
, please call me.
翻译：万一你需要帮助，尽管打电话给我。
原句：If we had known the truth earlier, we could have prevented the accident.
倒装句：Had
we
known
the
truth
earlier
, we could have prevented the accident.
翻译：如果我们早知道真相，就能阻止这场事故了。
04 含蓄条件句用法
有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过介词without、短语 but for 或副词otherwise 暗示了虚拟的条件，
这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中，without, but for, otherwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if not”，其
后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。
Without
electricity
, modern life would be impossible.
没有电，现代生活就不可能存在。
The project would have failed but for their efforts.
要不是他们的努力，这个项目早就失败了。
I forgot to set the alarm, otherwise I
wouldn’t have overslept
.
我忘了设闹钟，否则就不会睡过头了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not (win) the first prize in the English Writing
Competition.
2. Without the doctor’s timely operation, the little girl __________ (will, lose) her life.
3. If I (see) him tomorrow, I would invite him home.
4. he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5. there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the
world.
6. If they (warn) of the danger of travelling on the lonely island ahead of time, they would not be trapped
there now.
7. We were delayed at the airport; otherwise we (be) here by lunchtime.
8. If I (have) a chance to live my life again, I would go to university because I had a dream to
become an engineer when I was young.
9. If he (come) here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.
10. The printer is of good quality. If it (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our
expense.
01 I wish that….句型
I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。
He wishes he hadn’t said those words.
他真希望自己没说过那些话。
She wishes her boss could give
her a promotion next month.
她希望老板下个月能给她升职。
02 If only….句型
if only 表示“如果……该多好”，与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。
If only the traffic weren’t so heavy.
要是交通不这么拥堵就好了。
If only we had known
the truth earlier.
要是我们早点知道真相该多好。
03 I would rather that….句型
I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
She’d rather that she had chosen a different major.
她宁愿自己当初选了别的专业。
I’d rather that I hadn’t said anything.
我宁愿自己当初什么都没说。
易错提醒：与将来事实相反，从句仍然用一般过去时。
04 It is high time that…句型
It is high/about time that..后面常用did 或should do, should 不能省，意为“早该……”。
It is high time that the government took
action
to protect the environment.
政府早该采取行动保护环境了。
It is high time that he should apologize for his rude behavior.
他早该为自己的粗鲁行为道歉了。
易错提醒：该句型中should 不能省略。
05 It looks as if….句型
“It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、
现在相反，分别用had done, did。
It looks as if the house were
abandoned
, but someone lives here.
这房子看起来好像被遗弃了，但其实有人住。
The ground is dry, but it looks as if it had
rained
last night.
地面是干的，但看起来好像昨晚下过雨。
易错提醒：如果事实清楚，说话人有把握，从句也可以用陈述语气。
It looks as if the children are having
a good time in the park.
看起来孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2. I wish I (learn) more about Neuschwanstein Castle before! The details on the buildings there are so
unusual.
3. I wish I (attend) her wedding last Tuesday, but I was on business in Moscow then.
4. My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s
education.
5. —Your aunt invites you to go to the movies today.
—I would rather she (tell) me tomorrow than today.
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it (break).
7. Therefore, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
8. Look at the trouble we are in. If only we (take)our teacher's advice.
9. —I went to see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic!
—You were so lucky! How I wish I （get）the ticket too.
10. He has left for Beijing. How I wish I (see) him off at the station, but I was too busy.
虚拟语气特殊注意点
1.注意区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
例1: If it ____________(ran) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
例2: If it ____________(ran) tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.
2.注意区分是虚拟语气还是陈述语气。
例3: I would have helped you last week, but I ____________(be) too busy.
例4: I would have bought the ticket yesterday, but I ______________(forget) my wallet.
3.注意区分是错综条件句还是一般虚拟条件句。
例5: If he had studied harder, he _______________(pass) the exam.
例6: If you had taken my advice, you ________________(not, be) in trouble now.
【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。
1．—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ .
A．didn’t
B．hadn’t
C．haven’t
D．don’t
2．If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A．didn’t see
B．weren’t seeing
C．wouldn’t see
D．hadn’t seen
3．【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A．drove
B．would drive
C．were to drive
D．had driven
4．【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A．had caught
B．caught
C．have caught
D．would catch
5．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accomplished
B．had accomplished
C．would accomplish
D．would have accomplished
6．（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A．had not been
B．should not be
C．were not to be
D．should not have been
7．If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.
A．will be
B．would be
C．has been
D．would have been
8．This printer is of good quality．If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our
expense．
A．would
B．should
C．could
D．might
9．Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she________there, she wouldn’t be able to see
her parents very often.
A．lives
B．would live
C．has lived
D．were to live
10．（2017•天津） —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A．hadn’t been
B．wouldn’t have been
C．weren’t
D．wouldn’t be
虚拟语气综合能力提升
一、单项填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020 江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I __________(not be) where I am.
2. (2019 天津) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half
the time.
3. (2019 江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________(have) a good time together.
4. (2018 天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
5. (2018 江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
6. (2018 江苏)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become
more involved.
7. (2018 北京) They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
8. (2017 北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
9. (2017 天津) —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able to reach her yesterday.
10. (2017 江苏)_______it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
二、单句改错 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
1. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
2. The manager proposed that Tom was given an opportunity to explain why he'd refused to go there.
3. If only I listened to my parents, I might have passed the driving test!
4. The conference wouldn’t have be so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation.
5. If only there was some magic button I could push to take away the sadness in her eyes.
6.—Larry, such mistakes could have avoided if you had been more careful.
—Sorry, sir. I'll do better next time.
7. I can't stand him. He always talks as though he knows everything.
8. I made the suggestion that she stuck to the plan she had made.
9. It was ordered that no smoking was not allowed in the library, which made the smokers unhappy.
10. How I wish I bought that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
