题
专
10 情态动词和虚拟语气
目录
01 析·考情精解..................................................................................................................................................2
02 构·知能架构..................................................................................................................................................3
03 破·考点攻坚.............................................................................................................................................................4
考点一 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法..........................................................................................................4
真题动向
在具体情境中考查情态动词基本含义的用法
必备知识
知识1 情态动词的基本用法 知识2 情态动词后跟完成式的用法
关键能力
能力1 根据语境，准确判断情境内容的语气进而判断使用那个与之相适应的情态动
词。能力2 根据语境，准确判断情态动词+完成式表示推断的用法。
命题预测
考向1 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法 考向2 根据语境，准确判断情态动词+完成
式表示推断的用法。
考点二 考查情态动词的基本用法（情态动词后接动词原形）..........................................................................9
真题动向
在具体情境中考情态动词的用法
必备知识
知识1 情态动词的基本用法：情态动词+动词原形 2 含有情态动词的被动语态要注
意：情态动词+be done
命题预测
考向 1 考查情态动词+动词原形 2 含有情态动词的被动语态要注意：情态动词+be
done
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法........................................................................................................10
考点四 情态动词和虚拟语气考点知识的综合运用............................................................................................12
命题轨
迹透视
从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空为主，题目难度较小。命题趋势：在语篇中考查学生
对有关情态动词及虚拟语气知识的掌握情况，强化语言知识的运用能力和语境理解。在书面表
达和读后续写中考查学生的准确使用虚拟语气，让自己语言表达丰富多彩。
考点频
次总结
考点
2025 年
2024 年
2023 年
考查情态动
(2024 年1 月浙江高考卷) (2023 年全国甲卷) be
词的基本用
法（情态动
词后接动词
原形）
61.be offered
(2024· 全国甲卷)45.be
done
employed
考查情态动
词的基本含
义
2025 年天津一卷4，1
分
2025 年天津二卷14，1
分
2023 上海秋考，26
考查虚拟语
气的用法
2026
命题
预测
预计在2026 年高考中，会以传统文化或科普类说明文为命题情景，可能会考查情态动词及虚拟
语气的用法，这是高考中的轮考点。
考点一 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法
1.
（2025 年天津一卷）4．You________ rush to finish the report. The deadline has been extended.
A．couldn’t
B．mustn’t
C．needn’t
D．wouldn’t
2.
（2025 年天津二卷）14．No reader________remove a book from the library without permission.
A．would
B．might
C．shall
D．need
命题解读
新情境：以“借阅图书”为命题情境，人学生体会情态动词的语气。
新考法：考查shall 表示规定的用法。
新角度：采用否定前置的形式考查shall 的用法。
1.
（2023 上海秋考）The farmers were taken aback by the king's wisdom. They agreed to the king's
decision and thanked him for his fair judgment. From that day forward, they( 26 )__________work together on the
land and became the best friends.
2.
（2021 上海春考）When you were younger，a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a
flute（长笛） from class to class just for a half-hour lesson（21）_____have seemed pointless. But as you enter
the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute.
3. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with
students at all times.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short
inclass writings.
1．情态动词的基本用法。
（1）can/could 的用法
①表示能力，could 表示过去的能力。
②表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
③表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen?我能看看你的新钢笔吗？
④表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。
How can you be so careless?
你怎么能这么粗心呢？
⑤比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can/Could you lend me a hand?
你能帮我一下吗？
（2）may/might 的用法
①表示允许。might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。回答以may 引起的问句时，用
Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't./You'd better not.等。
②表示可能。might 可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
（3）must 的用法
①表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。
All visitors must report to reception.
所有来宾必须到接待处报到。
②用must 提问，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
③表示推测，暗含很大可能性，意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。
④表示“偏偏，非要”。
Must you ask me such a question?你非得问我这样的问题吗？
⑤mustn't 意为“不要，千万别”，表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
（4）shall 的用法
①表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. (命令) 你要照我说的去做。
Everyone shall not pass without permission! (警告)没有允许，任何人休想通过！
（5）will 的用法
①表示意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我就借给你。
②表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen. 这些事情早晚要发生。
③表示临时作出的决定。
—Someone is knocking at the door.
—I will answer it.
——有人在敲门。
——我来开门。
（6）would 的用法
表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
①表示意愿。
She just wouldn't do what I asked her.
她就是不愿照我说的去做。
②表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
When he was young, he would sit in front of the door, waiting for his father to come back home.
小时候，他常常坐在门口等着爸爸回家。
（7）should/ought to 的用法
①表示义务，意为“应该”(某件事适宜做)，用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。
Such things ought to be banned.这种事应该禁止。
②表示推测，意为“想必，一定，照说应该，估计”等。
They should be home by now.他们现在应该在家。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。
③should 还可以用在if 引导的虚拟条件从句中。should 置于句首时，省略if，相当于“万一”的意思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意，请让我们知道。
④should 还可用在以 why, who, how 等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中，带有感情色彩。意为“竟然，竟
会”。
Why should you be so late today?
你今天竟然来得这么晚？
⑤在It is＋adj.＋that 从句中，从句的谓语动词常用should＋动词原形，should 可以省略。
It is vital that every student (should) respect their teachers.
每个学生都应该尊重他们的老师，这很重要。
（8）need 的用法
need 表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn't 表示“不必”。need 作实义动词时，可用于肯定
句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to 的不定式或动名词作宾语。
The classroom needs cleaning.
＝The classroom needs to be cleaned.
教室需要打扫。
（9）dare 的用法
dare 意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动
词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to 的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare 之后的不定式可省
略to。
We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare (to) criticize.
我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。
（10）used to/had better/might as well 的用法
①used to＋动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼，但现
在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot?你过去常常步行去上学吗？
②had better 意为“最好”，后面接动词原形，否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨，我们最好带把伞。
③might as well 意为“倒不如……，还是做……好”。 【高频再现】
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
2.情态动词后
完成式的用法
跟
分类
形式
用法
对过去的推测
must have done
对过去的动作的肯定推测，表示肯定做过某事
can't/couldn't have done
表示对过去情况的否定推测，用于否定句和疑问句，
表示不可能做过某事
may/might
have done
表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测；用于肯定句、否
定句，但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have
done 也用于虚拟语气句，表示未实现的动作
对过去情况的
后悔、遗憾或
责备等
needn't have done
过去没有必要做……但实际上做了
should/ought to have
done
过去本应该做……而实际上并未做
would have done
本来会做……而未做
could have done
本来可以做……但是实际没有做
能力1 根据语境，准确判断情境内容的语气进而判断使用那个与之相适应的情态动词。
能力2 根据语境，准确判断情态动词+完成式表示推断的用法。
考向1 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法
1．
（2026·上海市松江二中高三月考）Many years ago, I left my own comfort zone in Canada and
moved to China. I wanted to test myself to see if I survive and eventually thrive in a country with a
radically different language and culture.
2.
（2026·上海市卢湾高级中学高三期中）In group work, teachers assign the students
particular roles, for example one student might be a scribe (抄写员) and another one might be in charge of a
particular device.
能力2 根据语境，准确判断情态动词+完成式表示推断的用法。
3．
Using supercomputer, many labs are now conducting experiments that couldn’t (be)
possible in the past.
4．
5Jack described his father, who have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed
man.
5．
Susan hasn’t arrived yet. She (miss) the train, as there’s usually heavy traffic at this time.
6．
He have finished writing the paper. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him fifty
minutes ago.
考点二 考查情态动词的基本用法（情态动词后接动词原形）
1.
(2024 年1 月浙江高考卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it
would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan
doesn’t want to eat them every day.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)What should 45 （do）with such a beautiful place?
3.
(2023 年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down
through the ages can still ______ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
情态动词后接动词原形这个考点虽然简单，但考题显现它还是有可能考的，解题关键是理解句意和时
态语态知识的综合考查不可忽视。
1
情态动词的基本用法：情态动词
．
+动词原形
2
含
情态动词的
动语态
：情态动词
．
有
被
要注意
+be done
1.
（2026·辽宁省海城市育才学校高三期中）For me, riding to Shanghai by train was especially
fascinating since I could (expose) to different kinds of beautiful scenery and towns along the way through
the spacious windows.
2.（2026·陕西省陕西师范大学附属中学高三上学期期中）There will be four performances presented in
Urumqi by the folk artists per day. Meanwhile, professional opera troupes (表演团) will also (bright) the
activities by virtue of artistic performance involving some classic operas such as Kunqu: The Peony Pavilion.
3.
（2026·山东省菏泽市校联考高三期中）Those with high openness sometimes seek new experiences,
so they might (draw) to novel volunteering opportunities.
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
1.
（2020 江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am.
2.
（2019 天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish)
the task in half the time.
3.（2018 江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to
become more involved.
4.
（2018 北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
虚拟语气的
用用法
常
（1）if 虚拟条件句的用法
场合
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be 用were)
would / could / should / might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +动词过去分词
would/ could / should / might have done
与将来事实相反
1.动词过去式(be 用were)
2.were to + 动词原形
3.should + 动词原形
would / could / should / might + 动词原形
（2）从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的情况
① (坚持insist 命令order, command 建议advise, suggest, recommend 要求demand, desire, require, request)
接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should 可以省略。但应注意insist 表示“坚持说”，suggest 表示“暗示，
表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
②名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement 等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，
且should 可以省略。
We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.
It is necessary/strange/ impossible..that..
③
从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should 可以省略。若从句涉及已
经发生的动作，则应用should have done。
It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.
（3）特殊句型中虚拟语气的用法
I wish that…
①
从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。
I wish
从句结构
示例
与现在事实相反
一般过去式
I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反
过去完成式
He wished he had not lost the chance.
与将来事实相反
would+动词原形
I wish you would come soon.
if only
②
表示“如果
该多好”，
……
as if/though 表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。
I would rather that…
③
从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
It is high/about time that..
④
后面常用did 或should do, should 不能省，意为“早该
”。
……
（4）情态动词后跟完成式虚拟语气的用法
分类
形式
用法
对过去情况的
后悔、遗憾或
责备等
needn't have done
过去没有必要做……但实际上做了
should/ought to have
done
过去本应该做……而实际上并未做
would have done
本来会做……而未做
could have done
本来可以做……但是实际没有做
1．
（2026·上海月考）My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting
as soon as possible.
2.
The expert suggested that if students (pay) more attention to accumulating English
vocabulary in daily life, their reading comprehension ability would improve significantly.
3.
I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to
me.
4.
But for the abundant English reading materials provided by the school library, the students
(broaden) their horizons and improved their reading speed significantly last semester.
6.
（2026·陕西省西安高新第一中学月考）It is desired that accurate and timely weather warnings
(transmit) to all coastal communities before the storm arrives.
考点四 情态动词和虚拟语气考点知识的综合运用
情态动词和虚拟语气考点的
能力：
关键
1．熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法：情态动词+动词原形。
2．根据具体的语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
3．注意情态动词的特殊用法。例如should“竟然”。
4．近年来情态动词与动词时态、语态联考是重点。
5．根据具体语境恰当使用虚拟语气表达自己的思想感情，尤其是在写作中。
语法填空 体裁：记叙文 词数：265 考点专练
Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1.__________ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are
smart, but Tom is hard－working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter
doesn't. However, people believe if Peter 2.__________ (work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother
in his study.
At home, their parents suggest that they 3.__________ (finish) their homework before playing computer
games. But Peter insists that it 4.__________ (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework
in time. Their mother gives in in the end.
One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside
and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book, he struck out Tom's name and signed his name
on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins' mother, She was very angry and shouted at Peter, “How I wish
you 5.__________ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it's time that I 6.__________ (give) you a good lesson.
And you 7.__________ play any computer games for a month！”
“Oh, no! Mom. 8.__________ a computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 9.__________
(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.
“If you 10.__________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn't be punished now，” said
the mother.
