06 情态动词与虚拟语气考查要点及应对策略
【考点精析】
一、情态动词
考点1 含有情态动词的时态和被动语态
1.情态动词+动词原形:除了表示现在的时间外,还可以表示将来,说明动作尚未发生。如:
You can go now but you’d better come earlier tomorrow.
2.情态动词+be doing:表示动作正在发生。如:
Your mother may be waiting for you to return home.
He must be playing football on the playground now.
3.情态动词+have done:
(1)表示对过去情况的推测:
He must have started writing his book a long time ago.
(2)表示过去“该做而没做”“能做而没做”“可做而没做”等含义,与过去事实不符或相反。
I would have written to you earlier, but I have been ill.
4.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done
Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.
考点2 常考情态动词的用法
1.can
(1)表示能力,一般译为“能,会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。
Can you speak English?
(2)表示许可,常用在口语中。
(3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。
Can the news be true?
The moon can’t always be full.
2.could
(1)can的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。
I didn’t know if I could raise a child by myself.
(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。
Could you give me some advice on the best way to do this?
3.may
(1)表示请求、许可,比can正式。
May I use your computer?(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。
I think he may be ready for a sleep soon.
(3)may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示推测,但可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。
He said he might not be back until tonight.
(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主语+动词原形。
May all of our wishes come true this Valentine’s Day.
4.must
(1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。
We must be honest and faithful to the people.
(2)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to。
—Must I go there today?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.
(3)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。
He must be waiting for us.
(4)其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。
We mustn’t let the water run to waste.
注意：其反意疑问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
He must be good at maths, isn’t he?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you?
5.need
(1)need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必”。
用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。
—Need I go with you?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.
(2)need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后面多接动词不定式。
Adults need to live their own lives and that’s difficult with children.
注意：如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点:
①主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;
②该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
The car needs washing.=The car needs to be washed.
6.dare
dare意为“敢,敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性:(1)dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式。
How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations!
(2)dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。
My boyfriend doesn’t dare to say what he thinks in public.
注意：口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。
Do you dare tell him what I said?
7.shall
(1)shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)
(2)shall表示命令、允诺(多用于第二、三人称)
I shall do all I can to put the matter right.
You shall have a computer if you are admitted to a key university.
8.should
(1)should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
We should do everything we can to maintain world peace.
(2)should have done 意为“本应该做某事而没做”,表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
I should have arrived ten minutes ago but I missed the bus.
9.will
will 表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。
If you will undertake the affair, I shall be very grateful.
考点3 表示“推测”的情态动词
1.can表示对具体事物的推测时,一般用于否定句或疑问句。
They can’t believe you can even hold a conversation.
注意：can 表推测用于肯定句时,不能指对具体事物的推测,而是表示事物的属性特征。
Even an experienced climber can get into trouble.
2.must表示肯定的推测,一般用于肯定句中。
The computer doesn’t work. There must be something wrong with it.
3.might表示推测时,不一定是may的过去式,只是表示其可能性比may小。
If you look at the moon, you may/might have many questions to ask.
4.could表示推测时,语气比can弱。
She could be in London or Paris or Tokyo—nobody knows.
5.should表示推测的可能性比较大,表示有依据或有前提的推测,仅比must的可能性小一点,意为“按说应
该……”。
I wonder what’s happened to Annie. She should be here by now.考点4 情态动词+have+过去分词
1.can/could/may/might have+done sth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情。
Should you look at what you could have done better and learn from it so you can improve?
Someone might have guessed our secret and passed it on.
2.must have+done sth.表示对过去时间里可能发生过的事情的推测,语气较强,意为“肯定/一定做过某事”。
China must have done something supremely right to produce the economic miracle we observe.
3.should/ought to have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
She really ought to have retired long ago, but she’s still working.
We really shouldn’t have let him go swimming by himself.
4.needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事却做了。
I needn’t have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.
5.would like to have done sth.过去本想做某事而没做。
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
二、虚拟语气
考点1 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,此时主句不用虚
拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不太可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。
1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
过去式(be用were)
与将来事实相反 should+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形
were to+动词原形
If there were no air, we couldn’t live.
If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.
If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.
2.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装;若为否定形
式,not不可提前。
Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do?
Were there no friction, we could not walk.
Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.
3.错综时间虚拟条件句有时虚拟条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调
整。
If I had met him before, I could recognize him.
4.含蓄条件句
(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。
Without air, there wouldn’t be living things in the world now.
(2)用otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
He reminded me of that, otherwise, I would have forgotten it.
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.
考点2 使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句
1.wish与hope后接宾语从句的区别:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气;wish表示很难或
不太可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。表示现在,用过去式;表示过去,用过去完成式;表示将来,用
would/could+动词原形。如:
I wish I were as tall as you.
He wished he hadn’t said that.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2.if only与wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所接的虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况
相同。如:
If only I had listened to my parents!
3.I would rather后的句子用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来,用过去式;表示过去,用过去完成式,意为“宁愿做什
么”。如:
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now).
I’d rather you hadn’t said it.
4.以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,与wish用法相同。如:
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.
考点3 从句中用(should+)动词原形的用法
1.在for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.
2.在表示“坚持” “命令” “建议” “要求”等词汇后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可归纳为
“一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order, command),三个建议(advise, suggest, propose),四个要求(demand, require,
request, ask)”。如:
He commanded that roads (should) be built to link castles across the land.I suggested to Mike that we (should) go out for a meal with his colleagues.
3.在order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气。
如:
The order came that the medical supplies
考点4 It’s (about/high) time that+主语+did/should do sth.
It’s (about/high) time后的从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,此处should不能省略,
意为 “(早)该干某事了”。如:
It’s time (that) we went to bed.
It’s high time that we should take action to protect the water resources.
特别提示：
语法填空题考法
1.若句中谓语动词为原形, 在其前设空时, 注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态
动词;
2.一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语, 就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态,
除了if虚拟条件句, 还应注意虚拟语气的标志词, 如suggest, would rather, as if, wish, otherwise, or, but for
等。
【真题演练】
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP ____________(be) officially set up next year.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by
manufacturers(制造商) so they ____________ avoid paying the tax.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)____________ a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of
railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year?
4.(2022·全国乙卷)Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy ____________(arrive) at the schoolhouse to find the
children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste ____________(be) a country, it would be the third
largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting
blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise ____________(rot) in fields.
7.(2022·全国甲卷)He is right, but I can’t help wishing they ____________ keep those old ferries.
8.(2022·浙江高考)I felt he treated me as though I ____________ hold him back and probably make him fail to
get an A in the course.9.(2022·北京高考)Gas naturally has no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we
____________ raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
10.(2022·浙江高考)Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new
directions and in ways that ____________ (can) help improve any post-lunch effort.
11.(2022·北京高考)What would the world be if there ____________ (be) no hunger?
【考点精练】
一、完成句子
1. 我想要感谢史密斯教授，如果没有他的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。
I wish to thank Professor Smith, .
2. 她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。
She that she into a famous university.
3. 这个国家应该在全国范围内开展以净化网络环境为目标的活动，这至关重要。(it作形式主语, crucial,
objective)
purifying the online environment.
4. 老板坚持要求充分利用每一分钟把工作做好。
The boss to do the work well.
5. If his experiences then , it would undoubtedly have made a moving book.
如果当时他的经历被记录下来，无疑会成为一本感人的书。
6. The smallest good habits make a big difference.
最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。
7. 这会让你意识到自己是幸运的，所以你应该借此机会好好享受生活
It’ll make you realise that you’re fortunate, so you should make the most out of your
life.
8. 如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。
with no rubbish lying on the street.
9. 建议你应当与不同性格及背景的人交朋友。
It is suggested that you with people having different characters and backgrounds.
10. No enemy can submission.
任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。
11. I think I should .
我认为我应该更经常地吃蔬菜。
12. When you take a geography exam, you may .参加地理考试时，你可以查阅地图。
13. 你最好把烟灭掉。在加油站抽烟是极其危险的。You’d better your cigarette. It is extremely dangerous to smoke in a petrol station.
14. 我强烈推荐你报名参加这个课程。
I highly recommend that you should this course.
15. 门卫要求检查一下我们的包。
The guard required that we checked.
16. 如果她早知道蘑菇有毒，她就不会采来当晚餐了。
If she had been aware that the mushrooms were poisonous, she
(not；pick) them for dinner.
17. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it easy to cook.
我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，我想它肯定很好做。
18. 干这一行很难成功，但是如果你努力，我相信你最终会获得成功的。
It’s hard to succeed in this business, but if you work hard, I believe you’ll eventually.
19. When it comes to my class,I say that I can’t stand some classmates’ selfishness.
当提到我们班的时候，我不得不说我实在忍受不了有些同学的自私。（根据汉语提示完成句子）
20. 我知道我将不得不依靠自己来处理一切。
I knew I would have to myself to deal with everything
21. If only I the meeting yesterday!
要是昨天我参加了会议该多好啊！
22. 即使我有打网球的天资，我也承受不了那种压力。
， I couldn’t
stand the pressure.
23. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。
The problem is the things we need.
24. 学费和生活开销比国内贵多了，多数家庭最终可能会花费一大笔钱。
Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could most families an
arm and a leg.
25. 专家建议政府应该采取措施来保护当地的文化遗产。(虚拟语气)
Experts suggested that the government to protect the local cultural heritage.
26. 我必须为我没能去见你而道歉。
I able to meet you.
27. Most believe he _______ for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football. (play)
多数人认为，要不是受了重伤而告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
28. 当我们遇到这样的事实差异，我们不应该急于得出结论，其中一个新闻报道给出 了错误的信息。When we come across such factual differences, we should not one of the news reports gives
false information.
29. 我极力建议你为这次面试做好准备。(recommend+宾语从句)
I for this interview.
30. I to the house and work with the cook.
我最好回到家去和厨师一起工作。
31. 如果一个捕食性动物能吃几个物种，那么它就能在其中一个物种灭绝时幸存下来。
If a predator can eat several species, the extinction of one of them.
32. If , please go outside.
如果你非得抽烟，请到外面(去抽)。
33. 我们不仅应该要勇敢，而且要谨慎。
Not only be brave, but also be cautious.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
34. I wish I (take) your advice last time, and then I wouldn't have been blamed by others.
35. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River-perhaps he learn a little from the greatest artist
in the world.
36. I find it to take a walk in the countryside, where I can myself with a cup of tea and eat
some .(refresh)
37. Had you invited us, we (come) to your party.
38. The woman stood by the river still as if she (turn) into a stone.
39. We requested that the task (complete) by the end of this week.
40. — you (buy)the film tickets yesterday?
—Yes, I (buy) two. I can (give)one to you.
41. If he should go to Tsinghua University,he (make) full use of his time.
42. It is recommended that you (get) help from your doctor about your illness.
44. I always read, (use) different voices, as though I (be) acting out the stories with my
voice and they loved it!
45. The doctor suggests that he (take) a rest.
46. We must (evaluate) the consequences caused by the fire.
＝ We must make an (evaluate) of the consequences caused by the fire.
47. She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work
when young.
48. She required that we （start）immediately.49. It is suggested that the information referred to in your report (simplify) .
50. The woman was standing there as if she (be) a statue.
51. For a beginner of sports, it is highly recommendable that the time for training (length) little by
little.
52. If you (tell) me in advance, I would have met him at the airport.
53. At the same time, live, detailed maps of Earth’s surface aid humanity in amazing ways.
54. If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I not be where I am.
55. It is the high time that we (place) great emphasis on the improvement of food safety.
56. If I had enough money, I (build) a big house for my parents.
57. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste (be) a country, it would be the third largest producer of
greenhouse gases in the world.”
58. If I (be) you, I (teach) him a good lesson.
59. The officer ordered that the necessities （convey）immediately to the earthquake-hit areas.
60. If you (tell) me about your trouble last week, I could have helped.
61. Henry played a passive role in the bet. What have happened if he had known from the beginning
what it was all about?
62. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldn’t (speak) at the meeting.
63. 用适当的情态动词填空
（1）—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry, I'm not sure. But it be.
（2）—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well, he have gone far - his coat's still here.
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the important meeting?
（4）He have completed his work; otherwise,he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
（5）Look!The light in the office is still on. Our English teacher be correcting our exam papers.
三、单项选择
64. —Everyone in my class passed the exam.
—Oh, really? It ________ difficult.
A. can’t have been B. needn’t have been
C. must be D. mightn’t be
65. It's no use envying others' success. 1t's time you ________ hard.
A. must work B. were to work
C. work D. should work66. Had he studied harder, he ______ the exam last week.
A. passed B. would pass
C. would have passed D. must have passed
67. Our English teacher insisted that the homework ________ tomorrow morning.
A. must be handed in B. hand in C. be handed in D. would be
handed in
68. She often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through QQ, as if they ________ chatting in her
living room.
A. were B. are
C. had been D. has been
69. It is lucky we booked a room, or we________nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
70. It is demanded that the system of buying train ticket in real names _____ out during the Spring Festival.
A. will be carried B. be carried
C. to be carried D. should carry
71. His suggestion __________to see the art exhibition interested everyone of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go
C. that we would go D. we should go
72. ________for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If it has not been
73. _____ Xi Jinping said on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was essential that
we _____ better tell China’s stories and make China’s voice heard.
A. As; must B. What; may C. As; should D. What; can
74. Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so
colorful nowadays.
A. won’t be B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be D. can’t be
75. How________ you expect to get something in return when you never willingly lend a hand to others?
A. shall B. can C. should D. dare
76. He suggested that the problems ______ paid special attention to.
A. referred to being B. refer to being C. referred to be D. referring to be
77. — No wonder you caught a cold. You _____ out last night without a coat.— I know how silly I was.
A. shouldn’t have gone B. mustn’t have gone
C. couldn’t have gone D. mightn’t have gone
78. ------Is Professor Smith giving the speech today?
------It ______ be him. He is abroad right now.
A. needn’t B. can’t
C. wouldn’t D. mustn’t
79. How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A. shut B. have shut
C. had shut D. would shut
80. It __________ Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may be B. might have been
C. must have been D. could be
81. I recommend that he ________ a lawyer.
A. sees B. see C. to see D. seeing
82. —Hi, Lucy. I hear you failed the driving test last week.
—Bad luck! When I wanted to stop my car, the brake work.
A. mustn't B. won't C. shan't D. wouldn't
83. ——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
84. We ______the difficulty together, but why didn’t you call me?
A. should face B. might face
C. must have faced D. might have faced
85. —What happened to the young trees we planted last week?
—The trees ____ well, but I ____ them.
A. might grow; hadn’t watered B. needn’t have grown; didn’t water
C. would have grown; didn’t water D. would grow; hadn’t watered
86. —Would you ___ him how to deal with it, had it been possible?
—Yes, but I ____too tired, or I _____ him a hand.
A. tell; was; would
B. have told; was; would have givenC. have told; was; would give
D. have told; were; would have given
87. ________in the regulations that nobody ______any important information concerning the enterprise.
A. What is required; gives away B. As is required; give away
C. It is required; give away D. It requires; gives away
88. According to the regulations, anyone who has the intention to be a teacher _______ pass a series of
demanding tests.
A. can B. would C. might D. shall
89. _____ for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school, she might have passed the
exam.
A. Had it not been B. Were it not
C. Was it not D. Hadn’t it been
90. Investigators urged that safety procedures at the construction site ___________ as soon as possible.
A. would improve B. were improved
C. improved D. be improved
91. The teacher commanded that all the students ________ the classroom before he returned.
A. mustn’t leave B. didn’t leave C. not leave D. wouldn’t leave
92. The boy student is poor in health now; his parents wish that his health _____when he grows up
A. can improve B. could improve
C. can be improved D. could be improving
93. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical exam.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; had
94. —Oh, God! I was almost hit by the car. It was driving so fast!
—This is a busy crossroad. You ______ be too careful when crossing the street.
A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. cannot
95. I___________ worry about the final test — I always get well prepared before it comes.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t
96. How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. will have C. had D. had had
97. If you had told me in advance，I __________ him at the airport.
A. will meet B. would meet
C. will have met D. would have met四、语法填空
补全句子
98. It last night，for the road was quite muddy.
昨天晚上一定下雨了，因为路上很泥泞。
99. He has made the teachers are very pleased with him.
他进步得如此快，以至于老师们对他感到很满意。
100. I haven’t passed the English examination. .
我没有通过英语考试。我弟弟也是如此。
101. How do I know you’ll ?
我怎么会知道你是否会遵守诺言？
