题
专
01 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
目录
01 析·考情精解.............................................................................................................................................................2
02 构·知能架构.............................................................................................................................................................3
03 破·考点攻坚.............................................................................................................................................................4
考点一 一般现在时的时态、语态及主谓一致....................................................................................................4
真题动向
在语篇情境中考查一般现在时的时态和语态及主谓一致
必备知识
知识1 表示经常性的动作 知识2 表示客观真理、格言或者警句等 知识3 易
错提醒
关键能力
能力 根据命题情境准确判断一般现在时的时态和语态及主谓一致
命题预测
考向1 客观事实 考向2 人物的特征、性格、能力等
考点二 一般过去时的时态、语态及主谓一致......................................................................................................8
真题动向
在语篇情境中考查一般过去时的时态和语态及主谓一致
必备知识
知识1 基本用法 知识2 常见句型：【高频再现】
知识3 易错提醒
命题预测
考向 1.考查过去的事件 2.考查有隐形时间的过去时
考点三 现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致............................................................................................................12
考点四 过去完成时态和语态及主谓一致............................................................................................................15
考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时及主谓一致....................................18
考点六 考查一般将来时、将来完成时和过去将来时及主谓一致....................................................................22
考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结................................................................................................................25
考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用........................................................................................................28
命题轨
迹透视
从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空为主，题目难度适中。命题趋势：在语篇中考查学生
对有关时态、语态及主谓一致语言知识的掌握情况，强化语言知识的运用能力和语境理解。在
书面表达和读后续写中考查学生的准确使用有关时态、语态及主谓一致表达自己思想的能力。
考点频
次总结
考点
2025 年
2024 年
2023 年
一般现在时
的时态、语
态及主谓一
致
2025 全国一卷（语法填空
60，61；3 分分）
2025 全国一卷（语法填空
61；1.5 分）
2024 新高考I 卷（语法
填空60，1.5 分）
2024 年1 月浙江高考真
2023 全国甲卷（语法填
空70,1.5 分）
2025 北京卷（语法填空16，
1.5 分）
2025 浙江1 月卷（语法填空
62，1.5 分）
题（语法填空61 ，
62，,3 分）
2023 全国乙卷（语法填
空70,1.5 分）
一般过去时
的时态、语
态及主谓一
致
2025 北京卷（语法填空18，
1.5 分）
2024 新课标
卷（语法
Ⅱ
填空58，61，3 分）
2024 北京卷（语法填空
15，1.5 分）
2024 全国甲卷（语法填
空64，1.5 分）
2023 年1 月新高考浙江
卷（语法填空60，1.5
分）
2023 新高考全国
卷
Ⅱ
（语法填空65 ，1.5
分）
现在完成时
的时态、语
态及主谓一
致
2024 年1 月浙江高考真
题（语法填空62；1.5
分）
2023 北京卷（语法填空
16；1.5 分）
过去完成时
的时态、语
态及主谓一
致
2025 北京卷（语法填空16；
1.5 分）
2026 命
题
预测
预计在2026 年高考中，会以传统文化或科普类说明文为命题情景，考查动词的时态和语态及主
谓一致，这是高考中的必考点。
考点一 一般现在时的时态、语态及主谓一致
1．
（2025 年全国二卷·语法填空61；1.5 分） And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really
surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____61____ (be) one of them.
命题解读
新情境：通过一名定居中国的美籍女士对其在浙江乡间晾衣后感受到阳光的味道的
“
”
经历和充满感情的描述，展现中国人善用自然之力创造诗意栖居的生活智慧。改变了
往年单纯一说明的形式介绍这个传统文化。
新考法：目前语法填空在考查时态时，往往有明显的时间状语供考生判断时态，一般
现在时常常出现often，always，frequently 等词，本题没有出现明显的时间状语，而是
通过语境判断：讲述的是事实，由此判断一般现在时，命题角度新颖。
新角度：通过语境判断动词时态而没有给出具体的时间标准。
2．
（2025 年全国一卷·语法填空61；1.5 分）A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the
opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
命题解读
新情境：以上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览为命题情境，巧妙融
合了传统文化、人工智能与当代艺术，是中国传统文化中的哲思与智慧与现代科技结
合的全新呈现。
新考法：本题考查了考生在新情境中对一般现在时的理解和运用。
新角度：本题命题人给出了较清晰的时间线索always，给时态判断提供了思路。
3.(2025 全国一卷·语法填空60；1.5 分)“The players’ personalities 60 (reveal) during the game, and
one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
4.(2025 年1 月浙江卷·语法填空62；1.5 分)The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been
renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model
follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
5.（2025 北京卷·语法填空16；1.5 分）Usually, better outcomes ____16____ (achieve) through a thorough
understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
一般现在时
一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空必考的语法项目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。
一般现在时:一般现在时常用来表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。
知识1 表示经常性的动作。【记住这些时间状语标志词是快速解题的关键】
常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day 等表示频度的时间状语连用。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.星期一早晨，我通常花费一小时开车去上班。
知识2 表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。
表示客观真理时，即使主句是一般过去时，宾语从句还要用一般现在时。
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
1.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。
谓语动词是come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly 等，可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。
My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm.
我理想的学校上午8：30 上课，下午3：30 放学。
2.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。
能力1 根据语境中的时间标志词，迅速判断一般现在时
一般现在时常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day 等表示频度的时间状语连用。
例如：We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
能力2 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断客观事实
例如：Take Christmas as an example. At its heart lies the story of Jesus Christ’s birth, a symbol of love,
hope and rebirth. This festival is celebrated worldwide, showing the agreement of faith and culture across borders.
以圣诞节为例，其核心是耶稣基督诞生的故事，象征着爱、希望与重生。这个节日在全球范围内庆祝，体
现了跨越国界的信仰与文化的共识。（描述客观事实）
能力3 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断客观真理
例如：The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
能力4 根据具体的命题情境，准确判断人物的特征、性格、能力等
例如：Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any. 史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
考向1 客观事实
1．
（2026·江苏省镇江南京联盟校联考）Altay, located in the northwest frontier of China, 36
(border) Mongolia to the east, Kazakhstan to the west, and Russia to the north.
2．（2026·宁夏银川一中月考）In China, young people are exploring new side businesses. These include
teaching Chinese, giving Chinese names to foreigners, and working as foreign language tour guides. This trend
36 (drive) by the increasing popularity of inbound (入境的) tourism.
考向2 人物的特征、性格、能力等
3．
He ______(play) ping-pong quite well, but He hasn’t had time to play since the near year.
本题是一道易错题，学生很容易误填played，他们认为：他过去乒乓球打得好，因为他最近一年没练
（所以现在乒乓球打得不好）。乒乓球打得好是一种技能和能力，不会在短期内有大的变化，是一种特征。
故填一般现在时。
考向3 根据时间标志词判断一般现在时
4．
（2026·河北省保定市部分高中高三上学期开学）The vibrant Naadam festival, a cornerstone of
Mongolian culture in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 36 (continue) to attract large
numbers of locals and tourists each summer.
考点二 考查一般过去时态、语态及主谓一致
1.
（2025 年北京卷·语法填空18，1.5 分）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund,
tourists ____18____ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total
global gas release in 2024.
命题解读
新情境：以食物垃圾为背景，考查一般过去时的用法。
“
”
新考法：命题情境中，给出了清晰的过去时间状语last year。
新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查时态问题。
根据标志性时间状语快速解决时态问题
“
”
1.试题中有yesterday, last night，a few days ago，the other day 等过去时间标志，要想到用一般过去时。
2.本题中的last year 就是标志性的过去时间状语，故很快就判断出用一般过去时
2．
（2024•新高考
卷
Ⅱ
·语法填空61，1.5 分） A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was
put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The
Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
命题解读
新情境：以汤显祖和莎士比亚为背景，增强文化互鉴，培养国际视野，爱国情怀。
“
”
新考法：考查动词的时态关键要找准句子的谓语部分，本题主语和谓语之间被一个插
入语分开，考生需分析句子结构后方能判断时态。
新角度：句子的时间状语前置，容易被考生忽视。
3．
(2024•新高考
卷，
Ⅱ
58，1.5 分)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___
(be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in
some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
4.
(2022•新高考I 卷，1.5 分)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
1.本题中的解题关键是：previously (之前地)，可是很多考生不知道这个词的意思，造成解题失误。如
果考生不能准确理解文章的意思，试题中will 也对考生造成误导，由将来时转到一般过去时的跨度较大。
再者，本句还是一个长难句。
2.找准试题中的时间关键线索是解题的关键所在。
3.高考试题中的主谓一致一般难度都较小，只要我们能判断出真正的主语是谁或者说主语的核心词是
谁就可以了。本题中areas 是主语，故用were。
5. （2022•新高考
卷）
Ⅱ
He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ______ (throw) his
tools aside, and started running, arms out.
根据 并列谓语动词解决时态问题
“
”
1.当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可
以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一
致。
2.本题中的looked up and saw ，started 就是断定空处时态的隐含时间线索。
一般过去时
1. 基本用法
表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last
month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989 等。【记住这些时间状语标志词是快速解题的关键】
The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.
前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
2．常见句型：【高频再现】
①It is time that sb. should do/did sth.
该到
的时候了
……
②It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth.
自从做某事已经一段时间了
③would/had rather sb. did sth.
宁愿某人做某事
It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。
(5)句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。【难点提醒】
George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't.乔治说他会在第二天来学
校看我，但是他没有来。
1.在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
2.表达原以为
“
/本来认为/原希望等意义时，
”
know，think，expect 等动词常用一般过去时。Much to my
disappointment，the film is not as moving as I expected.
使我非常失望的是，这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。
考向1 考查一般过去时的被动语态
1．
（2026·河北省保定市高三上学期10 月摸底）Bathed in green-blue tones, the stage of
Hollywood’s iconic Dolby Theatre transformed into a living scroll Friday night, as performers moved like
brushstrokes across a vast canvas (画布) in a poetic Chinese dance. Titled “The Journey of a legendary Landscape
Painting,” the dance
5 6
(inspire) by Wang Ximeng’s 12th-century masterpiece “A Thousand Li of Rivers
and Mountains.”
考向2 考查根据具体的过去时间状语判断一般过去时
2．（2026·河北省河北十六校联考）In ancient times, people
5 7
(divide) the 15 days of White Dew
into three phases: First, wild geese arrive; second, swallows return south; third, birds begin to store food.
3.（2026·江苏省镇江一中、镇江中学、南京市部分学校联考）The scientists believe that a change in the
Earth’s climate 61 (cause) whales to get so large only about 3 million years ago.
考向3 考查根据隐含的过去时间状语判断一般过去时
4.（2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10 月阶段性检测）Wang is one of 17 whose works
5 7
(choose) to
exhibit at the just-concluded event.
本题中的解题关键是：just-concluded (刚刚结束的)，这是个隐形的时间标志词，留心这个词，时态问
题就迎刃而解。
考点三 考查现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致
1.
（2024 年1 月浙江高考真题·语法填空62，1.5 分）If your supermarket sells loose produce, then
buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken
or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
命题解读
新情境：以促销方略说明文为命题情境，考查现在完成时的用法。
“
”
新考法：命题情境中，主语是物supermarkets，谓语动词是不及物动词start，考查时
态，需要考虑是否用被动语态。
新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查时态问题。
2．（2022•全国甲卷）In the last five years， Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
3.（2022 年浙江卷1 月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many
of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years
ago.
根据标志性时间状语快速解决时态问题
“
”
1. 试题中有since，so far，up to now，in the last/past few years 等与现在相关的时间标志，要想到用现
在完成时。
2.上面试题中的over the past 20 years, In the last five years，since the effort started two years ago，In the
last five years 就是标志性的与现在相关的时间状语，故很快就判断出用现在完成时。
现在完成时
1. 基本用法
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so far，
never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years 等。
Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.
在过去的10 年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。
2．常见用法
①表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”
或“for＋时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。
”
He moved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since.
他2019 年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。
②现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
Please return the book to me when you have finished it.当你读完这本书请归还给我。
【高频再现】注意牢
以下固定句型：
记
①It is/has been＋
段＋
时间
since...
表示“自从……以来已经……”。
It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
我大学
已十年了。
毕业
②This/It/That is the first/second/third...time that...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that 从句中要用现
在完成
。
时
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
是我第一次游
座城市。
这
览这
③This is＋the＋形容
最高
＋名
＋
词
词
级
that...
构，
结
that 从句要用
在完成
。
现
时
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
是我看
的最好的
影。
这
过
电
注意避免思维定式：一看到for＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做
过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。
He lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.
他在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。
Dashan has lived in China for many years.大山在中国住了许多年。
考向1 考查根据具体的时间状语判断现在完成时
1．
（2026·河北省保定市高三上学期10 月摸底）Since its first public performance in Beijing in
August 2021, The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting
6 2
(become) a hit in China, with over
740 performances in over 70 cities at home and abroad.
2.（2026·山西省三重教育高三学情检测）Since the 1980s, authorities in Dunhuang
5 4
(carry) out
international cooperation in the protection of cultural relics.
3.（2026·重庆名校联盟高三第一次联考）“Xueba 01”, known as China’s first robot PhD student, 37
(draw) much attention since its registration at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (STA). This event shows that
artificial intelligence is now part of higher education.
4.（2026·广东省清远市高三上学期一模） The show 44 (boost) Kaili’s economy since last year. It
has raised villagers’ cultural confidence — young people learn traditional crafts, graduates return to work, and local
business people join this non-profit event.
考向2 考查固定句型中的现在完成时
5．This is the first time in my life that I (take) part in such a grand celebration.
6．It is the second year in a row that Suzhou (top) the ranking.
考向3 考查现在完成时的被动语态
7．
（2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10 月阶段性检测）Wang Rongbi is an embroidery (刺绣) designer
from Guizhou in Southwest China. Over the past week, Wang
5 6
(glue) to her cellphone, eagerly
awaiting updates about Milan Fashion Week.
8.（2026·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三上学期十月月考）Imagine walking through a busy market in
Guangzhou, the air filled with the smell of freshly steamed dim sum (点心). This is the heart of Cantonese cuisine,
a culinary (烹饪的) tradition that 36 (celebrate) for its charm and flavor over centuries.
考点四 考查过去完成时态、语态及主谓一致
1.
（2025 年北京卷·语法填空15，1.5 分）Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed
your teeth, you ____15____ (make) several decisions even without noticing.
命题解读
新情境：以刷牙这一日常生活为背景，考查过去完成时的用法。
“
”
新考法：命题情境中，给出了清晰的过去时间状语By the time you brushed your teeth。
新角度：考查学生在实际文章情境中的运用而不是直接孤立考查时态问题。
2．
Over the next three or four million years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they 65
(be), the scientists say.
根据标志性时间状语快速解决时态问题
“
”
1. 试题中有By the time you brushed your teeth, Over the next three or four million years 等过去完成时的
时间标志，要想到用过去完成时。
2.判断过去完成时，一定要深刻理解过去的过去这一理念。
“
”
3.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people__________________ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals
to raise.
过去完成时
1. 基本用法
表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即过去的过去，常见的时间状语有
“
”
by...，until...，when...，
before...等。【解题关键】
When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child.
他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．常见用法
①表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。
He remembered that he had left the key at home.
他记得他把钥匙落家了。
③过去完成时的常用句型【高频再现】
It was the first/second...time that...
这是第一/第二
次
……
……
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。
had hardly...when 刚
就
；
……
……
had no sooner...than 一
就
。如：
……
……
I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.
我刚打开门，他就打了我。
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示原本
“
……
(事实上未能……)”。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。
考向1 考查根据时间状语判断过去完成时
1．
（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三联考）By the time I remembered, the apples
6 3
(go) bad, I
never saw them, so I never ate them.
2．
（2026·重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学月考）By the Song Dynasty, it
5 7
(grow) into
a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese
opera.
3.（2026·河北省保定市部分高中联考）The festival proved economically significant: by the morning of July 21,
the main venue alone
5 3
(welcome) over 200,000 visits, generating revenue exceeding 60 million yuan
($8.4 million) — a 40% year-on-year increase.
考向2 考查固定句型中的过去完成时
4．Though it was the first time that I (visit) the small town, I fell in love with it at first sight.
5．Hardly the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.
考向3 考查根据动作的先后判断过去完成时
6．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice.
考向4 考查过去完成时的被动语态
7．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry out) in the past two
years.
考点五 考查现在完成进行时、现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时
及主谓一致
1.
（2022 年新高考全国
卷）
Ⅱ
Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up
and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
2.
（2026·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三月考）Over the past year, the brand 42 (educate)
customers on how to care for the more expensive PFAS-free garments.
3．
（2026·江西省多校联考）Since the mid-14th century, this area 59 (experience) rapid
social and economic development, alongside prospering academic thought.
4.（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that
you ________a group for a birthday party.
A．will be bringing
B．have brought
C．have been bringing
D．were bringing
5.（2012·辽宁·高考真题）I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ________ to Shanghai.
A．will be flying
B．will fly
C．have been flying
D．have flown
6.（2008·重庆·高考真题）Teenagers _________ their health because they play computer games too much.
A．have damaged
B．are damaging
C．damaged
D．will damage
7. （2018·北京·高考真题）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood
when I visited her last year.
A．is working
B．was working
C．has worked
D．had worked
进行时
1. 现在完成进行时的用法
1．谓语动词的构成：been＋doing
2．基本用法
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer.
今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。
2．现在进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：＋doing
2．基本用法
(1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at the moment，at present 等连用。
He is watching a football match on TV at home now.
他现在正在家里看电视上的足球赛。
(2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return 等常用
现在进行时表将来。
I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an important international meeting.我要出发去上海参加一个重要的国
际会议。
(3)现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly 连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。
You are always forgetting the important thing.
你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)
3．过去进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：＋doing
2．基本用法
(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。
He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 pm yesterday.昨天下午3 点他正在
操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。
(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.
她正在看电视，这时一个盗贼闯入她家。
(3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，
return 等。
I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
4．将来进行时
1．谓语动词的构成：will be doing
2．基本用法
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
This time next week I'll be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine.
下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。
1．
Marty (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
2．My Australian friend Adam (come) to China next month for a short visit.
3．Professor Smith, along with his assistants, (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline
these days.
4.The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family all the time，and I hope we ________（enjoy）ourselves this
time next year.
5．Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the
balcony.
考点六 考查一般将来时、将来完成时和过去将来时及主谓一致
1.
（2026·四川省成都外国语学校期中）China (reduce) the carbon dioxide emissions a lot
by 2030, the vice premier told the media.
2.
By the time this letter reaches you, I (leave)the country.
3．
This morning, I was worried that no one (will) talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel
awkward or frightened at all.
4．But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.
1. 将来完成时的用法
①将来完成时的构成为“will＋have＋done”。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间为止已完成，上下文情
景中常含有by 短语，如by six o'clock，by the weekend，by the end of next month 等。
②过去将来完成时（would have done）表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，多与宾语从句和虚拟
语气连用。
2．考查一般将来时的用法
①将来时的构成为“will/shall/be going to＋动词原形表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。
”
②表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。
③will，shall 表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。
④be to do 和“be going to＋动词原形表示计划、打算要做某事，此外，
”
be going to 还可表示根据现在的迹
象对未来进行推断。
⑤祈使句＋
“
and/or＋句子，这种结构中
”
and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
⑥某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电
影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。
⑦“be doing”表示近期的出行安排或事情即将发生，此结构中的动词一般为位置移动动词。
3．过去将来时
①谓语动词的构成：
②基本用法
过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是立足过去，着眼未
“
来的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。
”
The shop would soon close，and all the people would go home.
这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。
1．
You’d better give me my book, otherwise I (fail) in my test.
2．I (go) to visit China in two months because I’m very interested in China’s history and culture.
3．He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.
4．The father had hoped that his daughter (learn) to be satisfied so that the smallest joys in life
appeared much bigger.
考点七 被动语态和主谓一致高频总结
1.
（2024 全国甲卷·语法填空64，1.5 分） They ____64____（be）part of a 15-member exploring
party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
2.（2024 北京卷·语法填空15，1.5 分） On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s
oldest living man.
3．
（2024·新高考
卷
Ⅰ
·语法填空60，1.5 分）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse
60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant
species came to Britain for the first time.
4.（2022•新高考I 卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
______ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity( 完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”.
被动语态的高频考点
（1）不能用被动语态的特殊动词
①系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear 等)。
②表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock 等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，
badly，nicely 等副词连用。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
这种布料容易洗。
（2）get 构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt 等。
We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。
（3）主动形式表示被动意义
①在need，want，require，deserve，bear 等动词；worth 等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意
义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
②在某些主语
“
(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有
”
nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出。
主谓一致的 三原则
“
”
(1)“语法一致原则
”
1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复
数。
2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。
3．单个的动词-ing 形式、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what 引导的主语从句表示复
数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than 等连接另一主语时，谓语
动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(2)“意义一致原则
”
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个
成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee,
government, audience 等。
2．分数
“
/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于
”
of 后名词的数及其表示
的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。“ a
number of＋名词作主语，其谓语动词常用复数形式；
”
“the number of＋名词作主语，其谓语动词常用第三
”
人称单数形式。
(3)“就近一致原则
”
1．由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语或者在there be 句型中，谓语动词
常与最邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
2．在There be 句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式由最邻近的主语
决定。
1．
（2026·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学月考）Cantonese cuisine highly
5 7
(value)
fresh ingredients and simple cooking methods.
2．（2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟第二次联考）In my childhood, I
5 6
(call) a stammerer (结巴) by
my friends. I often got stuck when I answered the teachers’ questions in class, which of course embarrassed me
greatly. My parents took me to many doctors, but none of them could cure my stammer.
3.
（2026·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）A weekly runway show (时装秀) in a remote village of
Kaili, Guizhou, has become popular online, drawing many tourists and global attention. Unlike Paris’ or Milan’s
fashion weeks, this 50-meter wooden runway, which is used on weekends and holidays, 36 (feature)
locals of all ages, from kids to the elderly, instead of professional models.
4.（2026·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研）An exhibition displaying such letters, called qiaopi, 57
(hold) now in Shantou, Guangdong province, marking the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War
of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) and the World Anti-Fascist War.
考点八 时态、语态及主谓一致的综合运用
1. 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键：
(1)通过标志性状语解决时态问题
“
”
在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by＋时间， so far 等都
是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
(2)通过
谓语动词解决时态问题
“
”
并列
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可以
根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。
(3)通过语境
示解决时态问题
“
”
暗
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过语境暗示，正确分析语境也是解决时态
“
”
问题的一条行之有效的方法。
(4)通过时态定
解决时态问题
“
”
义
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
(5)通过固定句
解决时态问题
“
”
式
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。
【高频再现】
①It's (high) time sb did sth 表示正是某人做某事的时候，从句要用一般过去时。
“
”
②It is/has been ... since ... 表示自从
以来
，
“
……
……”
since 之前用一般现在时或现在完成时，since 后
用一般过去时或接表示过去的时间状语。
③sb was/were doing sth when sb did sth 表示正在做某事，这时突然
。
“
……”
④“It/This/That is/was＋the＋形容词最高级＋n.＋定语从句句型中，定语从句的时态用现在
”
/过去完成
时。
⑤“It is/was the first time＋that 从句句型中，从句的时态一般用现在
”
/过去完成时。
⑥hardly, scarcely, barely＋过去完成时＋when＋一般过去时，表示一
“
(刚)……就
。
……”
⑦no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋一般过去时，表示一
“
(刚)……就
。
……”
⑧by (the end of)＋过去时间，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，表示到过去某时为止，已经做了某事。
“
”
⑨by (the end of)＋将来时间，句子谓语动词用将来完成时，表示到将来某时为止，已经做了某事。
“
”
⑩祈使句＋
“
and/or/otherwise＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。
”
①在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般/过去将来时，从句用一般现在/过去时。
②在宾语从句中，如果主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表示客观事实或真理，用
一般现在时。
2．通过逻辑关系解决语态问题
“
”
有时候做题时，我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用先语态、后时
“
态的方式。解决语态问题主要是根据谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，二者为主动关系用主动语态，
”
是被动关系则用被动语态。
3.主谓一致把握三原则即可。（语法填空中主谓一致的难度较小，一般就是根据真正主语的
单复数判断谓语动词的单复数）。
语法填空
（2026·广东省部分学校高三上学期十月联考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的
单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
The number of Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) companies
1
(rise) sharply to more than 5,000
in the past five years, according to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the
World Smart Industry Expo. In 2020, there
2
(be) only 1,454 AI companies in the country.
China has
3
(successful) set up over 40,000 smart factories, 11 national pilot zones for AI
innovation and application, as well as 17 national demonstration zones for intelligent connected vehicle testing.
A 60 billion-yuan (about 8.4 billion US dollars) national AI industry investment fund has been launched,
4
(accompany) by rules on AI ethics (伦理), China-BRICS center for AI development and cooperation, and
over 240 standards for core AI technologies.
China has placed strong emphasis on promoting
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(it) AI industry. In 2017, the State Council
released
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development plan for the next generation of AI. In 2025, it followed up with guidelines on
advancing the “AI Plus” initiative, designed
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(speed) up the building of an intelligent economy and a
smart society,
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are characterized by human-machine cooperation, cross-sector integration and shared
innovation.
“The
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(sustain) development of China’s AI industry comes from drawing on the valuable
experience of early movers,
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making full use of self-advantages like abundant data resources, a
complete industrial system, broad application situations and vast market potential,” said Wan Gang, president of the
China Association for Science and Technology.
