高三英语二轮复习提分培优赋能（天津专用）
专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气用法（技能+真题+模拟）解析版
一、单项填空满分技能10 项（情态动词和虚拟语气）
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二、单项填空真题再练20 题（情态动词和虚拟语气）
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三、单项填空名校模拟50 题（情态动词和虚拟语气）
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一、单项填空满分技能（情态动词和虚拟语气）
考点清单一、情态动词can 和could 用法归纳
用法
示例
1.表示“能力”时，can 表示现在的能力，
could 表示过去的能力。
Susan isn't very good at maths, but she can speak English
very well.
We could go there this summer.
2.表示“推测”时，can 常用于否定句中，
can't 表示“不可能”。could 表“推测”
时，比can 的可能性要小。
Mr. Black can't be at home—he has gone to America.
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.
3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑
问句中；could 表“请求”时比can 更委
婉。
Could/Can you pick me up at the airport?
4.could have done 表示“本可以做某事”；
couldn’t have done 表示“不可能做了某
事”。
You could have helped him.
She can't have finished the work.
5.be able to do 表示“能够做某事”，不能与
can 连用，但有更多时态。
I'm sure you will be able to look after yourself.
I haven't been able to sleep very well recently.
考点清单二、情态动词may 和might 用法归纳
用法
示例
1.may 和might 可用于肯定句中表“许可”,
用在疑问句中表示“请求”。
She said I might call her at the weekend.
May I borrow the car tomorrow?
2. might 表“推测”时，可能性比may 的可
能性小。
He may/might know the answer.
He may/might not believe you.
3. may/might well do sth 很可能, may/might
as well do sth.不妨。
Her appearance has changed so much that you may
well not recognize her.
You might as well give him the letter.
4.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
May all your dreams come true!
5.may/might have done 表示“可能已经做了
某事”，但是把握不大。
She may have read it in the papers.
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed
myself.
考点清单三、情态动词must 和have to 用法归纳
用法
示例
1.must 表示“必须”,强调说话人的主观态
度，否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许，禁
止。
Everyone must obey the rule.
You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.
2.must 表示“推测”,意为“一定是",只用于
肯定句中。must be doing 肯定正在做某
事。
He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.
Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a
shirt on.
3.must 表示“偏要”,指说话人对发生的事情
表示不满。
Why must it rain today?
4.have to 表示客观需要，意为“不得不”,否
定式为don’t have to,等于needn't。
You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.
You have to stay for supper.
考点清单四、情态动词will 和would 用法归纳
用法
示例
1.will 表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句
中，would 比will 语气更委婉。
Will you join our discussion?
Would you open the window, please?
2.will 表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would
用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做
某事”。
Go where you will.
She asked if I would go with them.
On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden.
3. will 和would 用于第二人称的疑问句中，
would 表示委婉语气。
Won’t you take off your coat?
Would you please post the 1etter for me?
4.would 用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意
为“老是不”“总是不”。
My car wouldn't start this morning.
The door wouldn’t open, no matter how hard she pushed.
5.would have done 表示与过去事实相反的假
设。
But for your help we would have been late.
If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you
about it.
考点清单五、情态动词shall, should 和ought to 用法归纳
用法
示例
1.shall 用在第一三人称疑问句中时，表示征
求对方意见。
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?
2.shall 用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示
说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。
You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.
3.should/ought to 表示责任，义务，意为
“应该”,否定式为should not/ ought not to。
You shouldn’t be so careless.
Humans ought to stop polluting nature.
Ought I to hand in my composition now?
4.should 表示“推测”,意为“按道理说应
该”。
It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials.
5. should 可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失
望等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。
It’s surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.
6.should have done 表示“本应该做某事而没
有做”，否定式表示“本不该做但已经做
了”。
It was an easy test and he should have passed, but he didn’t.
You should have told her the truth.
7.suggest, order, require that…从句常用“should
do”, should 可省。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now.
考点清单六、情态动词need 和dare 用法归纳
用法
示例
1.need 用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问
句，后接动词原形。
Need I hand in my homework now？
I needn’t go this week.
2.needn’t have done 表示“本没必要做某事但
实际上做了”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday.
3. need 用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式
作宾语。need doing=need to be done 表示需要
做。
My shirt needs a button.
My car needs repairing=My care needs to be repaired.
4.dare 用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问
句，只有dare 和dared 两种形式。
He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.
I wonder how he dare say such things.
5.dare 用作实意动词，接名不定式作宾语。
He dared me to jump over the stream.
Did anyone dare to admit it?
6. I dare say...我想,大概,可能,或许…….
I dare say things will improve.
考点清单七、情态动词+have done 用法对比
用法
示例
1.can’t have done 表示“不可能做了某事”。
The money can’t have been lost there.
Where can he have gone?
2.could have done 本可以做某事。否定式表示“不可
能做了某事”。
You could have been more considerate.
She couldn’t have left so soon.
3.may/might have done 表示对过去的推测，意思是“也
许已经┅，可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。
He may have gone to bed.
She might not have settled the problem.
4. must have done 表示对过去推测，意思是“一定已
经，想必已经，准是已经….”，只用于肯定句中。
The streets are wet. It must have rained.
He must have been drinking beer.
5.should/ought to have done 表示“本应该做而没有
做”。
She should/ought to have gone there alone.
6.shouldn’t have done 表示在“ 本不该做但已经做
了”。
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano.
7.needn’t have done 表示“作了不必做或不需要做
事”。
You needn't have come so early.
考点清单八、if 虚拟条件句六大典型用法
场合
从句谓语
主句谓语
示例
与现在事实相反
动词过去式
(be 用were)
would+动词原形
If I had time, I would go for a walk.
If I were invited, I would go to the
dinner.
与过去事实相反
had +动词过去分词
would have done
If she had seen you yesterday, she would
have asked you about it.
与将来事实相反
1.动词过去式(be 用were)
2.were to + 动词原形
3.should + 动词原形
would+动词原形
If it rained/were to rain/should rain
tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
错综条件句
主句和从句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句
位置和事实区别对待对号入座。
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed
the concert last night.
If 虚拟句省略
if 条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had 提前
到句首构成部分倒装句。
Should it rain tomorrow, I would have
to put off the visit to the museum.
含蓄条件句
即句子含有without, but for, otherwise 等词，后
面按主句对待。
But for your advice, I would have
failed.
考点清单九、从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合
用法
标志词
示例
一二三四类动词（接从句
谓语用should+ 动词原
形，且should 可以省略）
一坚持insist 二命令order,
command
三建议
advise,
suggest, recommend 四要求
demand,
desire,
require,
request
It is suggested that the meeting should be put
off till next week.
The doctor required that the patient (should)
be sent to hospital without delay.
一二三四类动词派生来的
名词后接从句，该从句谓
语动词用should+动词原
形，且should 可以省略。
order,
command,
advice,
suggestion, requirement
We agreed to the order that the task (should)
be completed at 5 o'clock.
Our only request is that this (should) be settled
as soon as possible.
It is strange that..从句谓语
用should+动词原形，且
should 可以省略。若从句
涉及已经发生的动作，则
应用should have done。
necessary, strange, impossible
It is strange that he should have acted toward
his parents like that.
It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving
along the road seriously.
考点清单十、特殊句型中虚拟语气四大用法
用法
用法
示例
I wish that…
I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来
事实相反，分别用had done, did,
would/could do。
I wish that I were ten years younger.
I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.
If only…
If only…表示“如果……该多好”，
He looks as if he were an artist.
as if/though 表示“好像”， 从句与过
去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用
had done, did, would/could do。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.
If only I had seen the film with Jane last night.
I would rather
that…
I would rather that…从句与过去事实相
反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反
用一般过去时。
I'd rather that he had gone to the seaside with me
the day before yesterday.
When my father is upset, he would rather that we
left him alone.
It is high/ about
time that..
It is high/about time that..后面常用did
或should do, should 不能省，意为“早
该……”。
It is high time that you went to school.
It is about time that we should set out at once.
二、单项填空真题再练（情态动词和虚拟语气）
真题专区：练真题
, 明方向
; 练技巧
, 提能力
; 练速度
, 提分数
!
1.（2025 天津卷）No reader remove a book from the library without permission.
A. would
B. might
C. shall
D. need
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：未经图书馆管理员允许，任何读者不得将书带出图书馆。考查情态动词。
A. would 将会；B. might 可能；C. shall 将要，将会；D. need 需要。shall 用于第二、三人称表示命令、威
胁、许诺、警告、规定等。故选C。
2.（2023 天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help
us.
A. mustn’t
B. daren’t
C. needn’t
D. can’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t
禁止；B. daren’t 不敢；C. needn’t 不必；D. can’t 不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their
power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。
3.（2021 天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldn't have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可
能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made 本应该做；C.couldn't have made 不可能做
D.needn't have made 本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。
4.（2021 天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are
houses and people everywhere.
A. need
B. should
C. could
D. must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和
人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一
定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
5.（2017 全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air.
A. may
B. can
C. might
D. must
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：鲸通过肺呼吸，就跟我们人类一样，所以它们必须浮上水面呼
吸空气。A. may 可以，也许；B. can 可以（有能力），可能；C. might 也许，语气较弱；D. must 必须，一
定。根据语境，鲸由于用肺呼吸，它一定要浮出水面，没有其它可能，故选D。
6.（2020 全国卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be
B. wouldn’t have been
C. wouldn’t be
D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可
知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am 可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词
应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
7.（2020 天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必须；
B. can 能，可以；C. need 需要；D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim
许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
8.（2020 天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his
best.
A. must
B. should
C. mustn’t
D. shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。
根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done 指做了本不该做的事，must have done 表示
对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done 表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t 不和have done
连用。故选D。
9.（2018 天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door?
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A. shouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. won’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t 不应该；B. mustn’t 禁
止；C. needn’t 不需要；D. won’t 不会。won’t 表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D 项。
10.（2019 天津卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his
class.
A. should they
B. they should
C. dare they
D. they dare
【答案】A
【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。
on no account 意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D 项；这里表示应该，故选
A。
11.（2019 天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A. need have practised
B. might practise
C. must have practised
D. could practise
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have
done 是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C 选项正确。
12.（2017 天津卷）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be
repeated later.
A. should
B. could
C. might
D. would
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了10 天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重
复。结合后文“ it could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用would
(should, could, might) +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用were）或用 should+动词原形或 were
to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有were、should 或had，可将if 省略，将were、should 或had 提前至
句首构成倒装。故选A。
13.（2017 全国卷）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Furthermore
B. Otherwise
C. Moreover
D. Nevertheless
【答案】B
【详解】本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。
A.furthermore 还有；B.otherwise 否则；C.moreover 还有；D.nevertheless 然而。根据句意可知，这里含有
对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用otherwise 相当于“if my brother hadn't lent me the money（要是我哥没有借
钱给我）”。故选B。
14.（2019 全国卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A. had
B. will have
C. would have had
D. had had
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时
光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语
+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
15.（2019 天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished
B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish
D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
根据上句the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，
其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时
+其他，故选D。
16.（2019 天津卷）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A. would be
B. might have been
C. would have been
D. had been
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样
根据句意及句中felt 可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D 选项正确。
17.（2018 天津卷）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. studied
B. had studied
C. would study
D. might have studied
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane 真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish 后接宾语从句，从
句用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由
“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选B 项。
【点睛】动词wish 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓
语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have
+过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
分析句子可知，由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时
18.（2018 天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught
B. caught
C. have caught
D. would catch
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根
据时间状语yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动
词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。
本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
19.（2017 全国卷）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。根据句
意可知，表示与现在相反的虚拟语气，虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把
if 省略，同时把were/should/had 提前，即Were /Should/ Had +主语...，还原句子是：if it were not for the
support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty。故选B。
20.（2017 天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been
B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t
D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志
词otherwise，相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语
从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
三、单项填空名校模（情态动词和虚拟语气）
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩
! 练技能
, 补漏洞
, 提分数
, 强信心
!
1．（25-26 高三上·天津武清·月考）It used to be that you ________ buy a cup of coffee for just ten yuan in this
street, but now even a basic cup costs thirty yuan.
A．need
B．should
C．could
D．must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：在这条街上，过去10 元就能买到一杯咖啡，但现在连最基本的一杯
都要30 元。A. need 需要；B. should 应该；C. could 能够；D. must 必须。根据“but now even a basic cup
costs thirty yuan.”可知，对比现在三十元一杯咖啡，过去能花十元买一杯。故选C。
2．（25-26 高三上·天津和平·月考）The current canteen is no longer adequate for students, and a new facility
________ have been constructed years ago.
A．may
B．would
C．should
D．must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：现在的食堂已经不再能满足学生的需求了，新食堂本应该在几
年前就建好的。A. may 可能；B. would 将会，愿意；C. should 应该；D. must 必须，一定。should have
done 表示“本应该做某事（而实际上未做）”，结合语境，新食堂本应在几年前就建好，实际没有建，
符合语境。故选C。
3．（25-26 高三上·天津·期中）According to the weather forecast, it ________ be quite cold in the mountains at
night, so pack some warm clothes.
A．shall
B．should
C．can
D．would
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：根据天气预报，夜间山区可能会很冷，所以带上一些保暖的衣服
A. shall 将，表示承诺或规定；B. should 应该，表示建议或推测；C. can 可能，表示可能性；D. would 会，
表示过去习惯。根据“According to the weather forecast”可知，can“可能”符合天气预报的客观可能性，指
天气“可能会很冷”。故选C。
4．（25-26 高三上·天津·月考）This document _________ date from the 17th century; its paper composition
matches the 19th-century techniques.
A．mustn’t
B．can’t
C．needn’t
D．daren’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：这份文件不可能起源于17 世纪；它的纸张构成符合19 世纪的技术。
A. mustn’t 禁止；B. can’t 不可能；C. needn’t 不需要；D. daren’t 不敢。根据下文“its paper composition
matches the 19th-century techniques”可知，文件的纸张构成符合19 世纪的技术，因此不可能起源于17 世纪，
can’t 表示否定推测，体现说话人非常肯定某事是不可能发生的，故选B。
5．（25-26 高三上·天津·月考）Joe ________ have broken the classroom window. He wasn’t in school today.
A．couldn’t
B．mustn’t
C．shouldn’t
D．needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+完成时。句意：Joe 不可能打碎了教室的窗户，他今天根本没在学校。A. couldn’t
不可能；B. mustn’t 不许、不准；C. shouldn’t 不应该；D. needn’t 不必。根据“He wasn’t in school today.”可
知，不可能是Joe 打碎窗户，此处用couldn’t have done，表示对过去情况的否定推测。故选A 项。
6．（25-26 高三上·天津河北·月考）Based on the remarkable achievements at the 2024 Paris Olympics, the
Chinese delegation ________ have invested heavily in athlete development and scientific training.
A．must
B．might
C．need
D．should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：基于在2024 年巴黎奥运会上取得的卓越成就，中国代表团在运动员
发展和科学训练方面肯定投入了大量资金。分析句子可知，句中“2024 年巴黎奥运会的优异成绩”是强
有力的证据，能推断出中国代表团肯定在运动员培养和科学训练上投入巨大，符合语境。must：该词表
推测时，语气十分肯定，指说话者依据现有确凿证据做出 “一定、肯定”的推断，常用结构“must have
done”表对过去事情的肯定推测。might：它表推测时意为“可能、也许”，语气不确定，可能性较低。而
句中优异成绩是明确依据，并非不确定的推测，该选项不符合语义。need：作情态动词时多表示 “需
要”，一般不用于表推测的语境，且其常用搭配和句子要表达的推测含义不匹配，故排除。should：表推
测时指“应该”，侧重说话者认为某事大概率会发生，但没有“must”的确定性强，无法匹配“奥运优异
成绩”这一强证据支撑的肯定推断，因此不合适。故选A 项。
7．（25-26 高三上·天津南开·月考）He _________ often spend hours in the library, poring over ancient
manuscripts that no one else seemed to remember.
A．might
B．could
C．should
D．would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他过去常常花几个小时在图书馆里，仔细研读那些似乎没人记得的古代
手稿。根据句中often 及语境可知，此处描述的是过去习惯性的动作，would 可用于表示过去经常性、习
惯性的行为，符合题意；might 表“可能”，could 表“能够”或过去的可能性，should 表“应该”，均与
语境不符。故填D。
8．（25-26 高二下·天津·期末）Without our class’s great efforts, the speech contest last week _______ such a
great success.
A．wouldn’t be
B．wouldn’t have been
C．must have been
D．could have been
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有我们班的努力，上周的演讲比赛就不会如此成功。结合句意可
知，此处为对过去情况的虚拟，主句应用would/could have done 形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“不会如
此成功”，故用否定形式，故选B 项。
9．（25-26 高二上·天津西青·期中）Chen He offered a suggestion that the blue team ______ up the game.
A．give
B．gave
C．gives
D．giving
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：陈赫建议蓝队放弃比赛。suggestion 意为“建议”，that 引导的从句是同
位语从句，从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should 可省略，因此空格处用give，故选A。
10．（25-26 高三上·天津·月考）Seeing her peers struggling for success and independence, Zhang yue offered
her suggestion that they ________ seek guidance from expert consultants.
A．must
B．should
C．can
D．shall
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：看到同龄人为成功和独立而奋斗，张悦建议他们应该寻求专家顾问的指
导。A.must 必须；B.should 应该；C.can 能；D.shall 将。分析句子可知，此句为同位语从句，that 引导的
从句是suggestion 的具体内容，从句使用should + 动词原形，should 可以被省略的虚拟语气。故选B。
11.（2025·天津·二模）—I didn’t see her yesterday.
—Of course, you _________ , because she had gone on a trip.
A. couldn’t
B. may not have
C. can’t have
D. mustn’t have
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——我昨天没见到她。——当然，你不可能见到她，因为她已
经去旅行了。根据答句后半句“because she had gone on a trip”可知，对话讨论的是过去的事件（昨天没见
到她），因此需用“情态动词+完成时”结构，A. couldn’t 是过去式，后接动词原形，但此处需表示对过
去动作的否定推测，应为“couldn’t have done”； B. may not have 表示对过去动作的不确定推测（可能没
做），但答句用“Of course”表明语气肯定，而非不确定；C. can’t have 是对过去动作的否定推断（“不可
能做过”），语气强烈且肯定，符合语境。D. mustn’t have 通常表示“禁止”，而非推测。故选C。
12.（2025·天津·三模）He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the
seaside.
A. should
B. would
C. could
D. must
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他一定已经完成了工作；否则，他不会在海边玩得很开心。根据分号后
的内容otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.可知，此处表示对过去事情的肯定推测，应
用must have done。故填must。
13.（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee
table.
— Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died.
A. could have got
B. should have got
C. must have got
D. will have got
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+have done 的用法辨析。句意：——彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具上光剂。
——她真幸运。她本可能生病甚至死亡。A. could have got 本可能做某事(实际未发生)；B. should have got 本
应该做某事(实际未做)；C. must have got 一定做了某事(对过去事情的肯定推测)；D. will have got 是将来完
成时，表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。根据“narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish”以及
“Luckily for her”可知，小女儿幸运地没喝到家具上光剂，否则就可能生病甚至死亡，这里是说一种本可
能发生的情况。所以用could have got 符合语境。故选A 项。
14.（2025·天津·二模）In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together,
sitting around the table and enjoying the food.
A. shall
B. would
C. must
D. might
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：在我小时候，除夕夜，我们所有的家庭成员都会聚在一起，围
坐在桌子旁，享受食物。A. shall 将要，将会；B. would 过去常常；C. must 必须；D. might 可能。由In my
childhood, on New Year’s Eve 可知，空格处用would 表示“过去常常”。故选B。
15.（2025·天津河西·三模）— How about the meals during your exchange visit?
— Well, it ________ worse.
A. couldn't have been
B. shouldn't have been
C. mustn't have been
D. needn't have been
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+have done 的用法。 句意：——你交换访问期间的伙食怎么样？——嗯，太糟糕
了。A. couldn’t have been 不可能更，表示对过去的否定推测； B. shouldn’t have been 本不该，表示过去不
该做但做了； C. mustn’t have been 不用于否定推测，must 的否定推测用can’t/couldn’t； D. needn’t have
been 本不必…，表示过去不必做但做了。根据句意以及“during your exchange visit”可知，此处表达的是
对过去情况的否定推测。故选A。
16.（2025·天津和平·三模）I wonder why you ______ turn to Tom for help all the time when you can complete
your tasks by yourself.
A. should
B. could
C. may
D. would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我想知道你明明可以自己完成任务，为什么总是要向汤姆求助。A.
should 应该；B. could 能够；C. may 可能；D. would 总是，老是。由“all the time”可知，句子强调“总是
向汤姆求助”这一习惯性行为，只有“would”符合语境，表示过去经常发生的动作。故选D 项。
17.（2025·天津滨海新·三模）In my childhood, every year during the Lantern Festival, my grandparents ______
solve lantern riddles with me.
A. could
B. should
C. might
D. would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在我的童年，每年元宵节的时候，我的祖父母都会和我一起猜灯谜。A.
could 能够；B. should 应该；C. might 可能；D. would 总是，会。根据时间状语“In my childhood”可知，此
处描述过去经常发生的习惯性行为，应用情态动词would，表示“过去常常”。故选D 项。
18.（24-25 高三下·天津·阶段练习）—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour.
—Believe it or not, I made it.
A. mustn’t
B. can’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你不可能已经完成报告了；这才过了一个小时。——信不信由
你，我做到了。A. mustn’t 禁止，不准； B. can’t 不可能，表否定推测； C. shouldn’t 不应该，表建议或责
备； D. needn’t 不必，表没有必要。 根据“it’s only been an hour”可知，空格处需填入表“否定推
测”的情态动词，强调“不可能完成”。can’t 是唯一符合语境的选项（对过去情况的否定推测）。故选
B 项。
19.（24-25 高三下·天津武清·阶段练习）When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival, all the family
members ________ sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together again.
A. should
B. could
C. would
D. might
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，在春节前夕，所有的家庭成员都会围坐
在桌子旁，享受美食并再次团聚。A. should 应该（表示义务或责任）；B. could 能够（表示能力或过去的
许可）；C. would 会（表示过去的习惯性动作或倾向）；D. might 可能（表示推测或委婉请求）。根据上
文“When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival(当我还是个小男孩的时候，在春节前夕)”可知，句
子描述的是过去春节前夕家人“习惯性围坐团聚”的动作，属于过去反复发生的动作。故选C 项。
20.（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you ______ pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear
connections confuse readers.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：在起草文章时，你再怎么注重逻辑连贯性也不为过——不清晰的衔
接会使读者困惑。A. mustn’t 禁止；B. needn’t 不必；C. can’t 不能，与too much 连用表示“再……也不为
过”；D. shouldn’t 不应该。根据下文“unclear connections confuse readers(不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑)”可
知，因为不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑，所以在起草文章时，非常有必要注重逻辑连贯性，用can’t...too
much 来表示这种强烈的必要性，故选C 项。
21.（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to.
A. referred to be
B. refer to being
C. referred to being
D. referring to be
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：他建议对所提到的问题给予特别注意。suggest 表示 “建
议”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，其中should 可以省略。referred to 是过去分词短语
作后置定语，修饰名词the problems，表示“被提到的问题”。故选A。
22.（24-25 高三下·天津·阶段练习）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?
— Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English.
A. have worked
B. had worked
C. would work
D. would have worked
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：“——你听懂了那位外国专家演讲的多少内容？——几乎没听懂。我多
么希望我以前英语学习更努力些啊！”动词wish 后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，这里表达的是
对过去没有努力学英语这件事的一种遗憾和愿望，即与过去事实相反，所以从句要用过去完成时“had
worked”。故选B 项。
23.（2025 高二上·全国·专题练习）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass
this kind of test.
A. has to
B. had to
C. have to
D. will have to
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个国家，任何想在这里定居的人都必须通过这种考试。在“ It is
required that...”这个句型中，that 引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为“should + 动词原
形”，其中 should 可以省略，故选C。
24.（19-20 高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through
WeChat, as if they chatting in her living room.
A. were
B. are
C. had been
D. has been
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽经常通过微信与朋友分享她最深的想法和恐惧，就像她们正在她的
客厅里聊天一样。根据句意，“他们正在她的客厅聊天”是不可能发生的，要用虚拟语气，根据前面的
shares 可知这里是对现在的虚拟，as if 从句中的谓语动词要用一般去过时，其中be 动词只能用were，故
选A 项。
25.（2019·天津和平·二模）If Tom ______ one more votes, he could be the monitor of our class now.
A. received
B. had received
C. should receive
D. would receive
【答案】B
【详解】考查错综虚拟语气。句意：如果汤姆再得到一票，他现在就可以当我们班的班长了。主句与现
在的事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为，If+主语+过去完成时+其他，故选B。
26. （2019·天津·一模）--Sorry for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam，I________________ 20
minutes earlier —Never mind，I haven't been waiting that long.
A. arrived
B. would have arrived
C. would arrive
D. had arrived
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——很抱歉让你久等了，要不是堵车，20 分钟前我就到了。——没关系，
我没等那么长时间。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用would +have done 的形式，故B 项
正确。
27.（2019·天津红桥·二模）----What happened to the young trees we planted last week？
---The trees_____________ well，but I didn't water them.
A. might grow
B. needn't have grown
C. would grow
D. would have grown
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我们上周种的树苗，发生了什么事情？——树苗本来可以长得很好
但是我没有给它们浇水。与过去事实相反的假设，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其
他，故选D。
28.（2019·天津南开·二模）Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to
help us.
A. might have come
B. would come
C. had come
D. were to come
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：史密斯先生那时正在开会，要不然他可能过来帮我们了。根据“Mr.
Smith was having a meeting at that time”可知，此处表示对过去事情的推测，表示“可能已经”，故A 项正
确。
29.（2019·天津河北·二模）Oh! The flower can’t be saved. If the flower had been watered，it now.
A. wouldn’t be dying
B. is dead
C. had been dead
D. will not die
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：哦！这盆花救不活了。如果花浇了水，它现在也不会快死了。本句为虚
拟语气，根据now 可知表示与现在事实相反，应用“主语+should/would/could/might + do”结构，且强调花
目前的状态为“垂死的”，故用现在进行时结构，would 后跟动词原形，故选A。
30.（20-21 高二上·山西阳泉·期末）Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he ______ your graduation
ceremony.
A. will attend
B. had been attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆昨天一天都很忙，否则他就去参加你的毕业典礼了。without,
otherwise, but for 引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，
而是暗含在上下文中，通过介词短语来表示。使用到这些词组的句子中，虚拟语气的用法一般是：对现
在的虚拟：would+do；对过去的虚拟：would(not) + have done。根据句意，这句话是对昨天的情况的虚拟，
故选D。
31.（2019·天津河西·二模）I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the
task on schedule.
A. would accomplish
B. could accomplish
C. must have accomplished
D. might have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉我没能赶上最后期限，要是有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成
任务了。根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性
较小的推测，表示“可能已经……”，故D 项正确。
32.（22-23 高三上·天津武清·期中）It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that
company.
A. need
B. could
C. should
D. may
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：像杰瑞这样的人才竟然离开了他最喜欢的工作，真是太遗憾了。“It is a
pity+that 从句”意为“竟然；居然”时，表示出乎意料的事情，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语
用“should+动词原形”。故选C。
33.（2019·天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today?
—No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow.
A. had
B. has
C. have
D. would have
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——今天他来修自行车吗?——不，我宁愿他明天把它修好。would rather
后接宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的愿望 ，用一般过去时。故选A。
34.（2019·天津和平·一模）The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule ______.
A. what; was developed
B. that; was developed
C. what; be developed
D. that; be developed
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：主席的建议是应该制定新的规则。分析句子可知，the new rule 部分为
suggestion 的同位语从句，解释说明suggestion 的具体内容，从句谓语部分用should 的虚拟语气，should
可以省略，综述选D。
35.（2019·天津河东·二模）—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A. have taken; took
B. took; should take
C. took; will take
D. will take; have taken
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：--这是我第一次自己拍照。--你是该给我照张相了。take a picture 照相的意思，
This is the first time…这一句型，其后一句使用现在完成时；It is time that 句型是常用语虚拟语气，对现在
的虚拟用一般过去式，故选A。
36.（2020 高三·全国·专题练习）It is recommended by the representatives that traditional cultures ______.
A. should preserve
B. have been preserved
C. be preserved
D. must be preserved
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：代表们建议传统文化应该被保护。主句中的谓语动词是recommend，意
为“建议”，其后that 引导的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为“should+动词原形”，且should 可以
省略，结合语意，traditional cultures 与preserve 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即(should) be preserved。
故选C 项。
37.（24-25 高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can
not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons.
A. organised
B. organises
C. organise
D. is organising
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们希望学校组织更多这样的活动，这不仅能缓解我们巨大的学习压力
还能开阔我们的视野。desire 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示“希望某人做某事”，结构为“desire that
+ 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”，本空用动词organise“组织”的原形。故选C。
38. （23-24 高二上·天津·阶段练习）I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ________ the door on my
childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
A. closed
B. had closed
C. close
D. have closed
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我期待着能立刻有不同的感觉，就好像我关上了童年的门，进入了一个
全新的成人世界。本句为as if 的虚拟语气用法，表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语应用过去完成时，故选
B。
39.（23-24 高二上·天津宁河·期末）Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, ________ the event had
happened only yesterday.
A. even if
B. only if
C. now that
D. as if
【答案】D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：童年的记忆如此清晰地回到我身边，仿佛这件事才发生在昨天。A. even if
即使；B. only if 只有；C. now that 既然；D. as if 好像。分析句子可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结
合句意可知，此处表示“好像”应为as if 引导的是方式状语从句。故选D 项。
40.（23-24 高二上·天津·期末）I was ill that day, otherwise I ________the sports meet.
A. must take part in
B. must have taken part in
C. would take part in
D. would have taken part in
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。otherwise 是含蓄虚拟条件句，根
据时间提示词“that day”可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词要用would have done 的形式。故
答案为D。
41.（25-26 高三上·天津·阶段练习）According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one
________ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A. can
B. shall
C. need
D. would
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：根据新发布的网络视频服务规定，任何人不得利用此类技术生成
发布或传播虚假新闻或信息。根据语意可知，此处指“regulation (规定)”中的禁止性条款，情态动词
“shall”用于第二、第三人称陈述句时，可表法律、规定中的“命令、禁止或义务”，符合“规定禁止任
何人做某事”的正式语境；“can”表示能力或可能性，“need”表示需要，“would”表示过去的意愿或习
惯，均与语境不符。故选B 项。
42.（25-26 高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）—Can I pay the bill by Alipay?
—Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made by credit card.
A. must
B. need
C. will
D. shall
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——我可以用支付宝付款吗？——对不起，先生。但是我们酒
店的管理规定是用信用卡付款。A. must 必须；B. need 需要；C. will 将要；D. shall 应该（表规定）。由the
management rules of our hotel 可知，句子表示“我们酒店的管理规定是用信用卡付款”，空格处用shall 表
示规定。故选D。
43.（25-26 高三上·天津红桥·阶段练习）—Someone is knocking at the door. Is it William?
—It________be William. He has gone to France for his holiday.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：-有人在敲门。是威廉吗？-不可能是威廉。他到法国度假去了。A.
mustn’t 禁止；B. needn’t 不必；C. can’t 不能；D. shouldn’t 不应该。根据后文“He has gone to France for his
holiday.”可知，此处表示强烈的否定推测，用can’t。故选C 项。
44.（25-26 高三上·天津·阶段练习）— That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8 years.
— Oh, dear! She _________a lot of difficulties!
A. could go through
B. might go through
C. should have gone through
D. must have gone through
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：—— 那位女士已经照顾这两只白虎8 年了。—— 哦，天哪
她一定经历了很多困难！“must + have done”表示对过去发生事情的非常肯定的推测，符合“照顾白虎8
年，必然会经历很多困难”的语境。故选D 项。
45.（25-26 高三上·天津津南·阶段练习）I was really anxious about you. You ________ have left home without
a word.
A. must
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我真的很担心你。你不应该不辞而别。A. must (have done)表示过去一定做
了某事；B. shouldn’t (have done)过去本不应该做某事（但实际做了）； C. mustn’t 一般接动词原形，不接
have done； D. should (have done)过去本应该做某事（但实际没做）。根据前半句“I was really anxious
about you.”可知，应是我真的很担心你，你本不应该不辞而别，故选B。
46. （25-26 高三上· 天津南开· 开学考试）According to the traffic regulations, all the vehicles on the
streets________ come to a full stop on seeing the red lights and put way to those walking by.
A. will
B. shall
C. can
D. may
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：根据交通法规，街上所有车辆在看到红灯时必须完全停车，并为过
路行人让行。A. will 表示主观意愿或未来动作，无强制含义。B. shall 在法规条文中表示强制性义务，意
为“必须”。C. can 表示能力或可能性。D. may 表示许可或推测。交通法规条文要求使用shall 表达法律强
制性义务，排除表意愿（will）、能力（can）或许可（may）的选项。故选B。
47.（25-26 高三上·天津武清·开学考试）The cake ________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its
delicious taste.
A. must
B. would
C. need
D. should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：根据蛋糕的美味，可以推断出它一定是精心烘焙了好几个小时。A. must
(have been carefully baked)一定（是被精心烘焙了）；B. would (have been carefully baked)本来会（被精心烘
焙的）；C. need (have been carefully baked)本需要（被精心烘焙的）；D. should (have been carefully baked)本
应该（被精心烘焙的）。结合“based on its delicious taste”可知，空格处应表达对过去情况的肯定推测，表
示“一定是被精心烘焙了”，故用must have been carefully baked。故选A。
48.（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school
yesterday.
—Really? It ________ the highlight of your senior high.
A. must be
B. must have been
C. should be
D. should have been
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我昨天在我校举行的英语节闭幕式上表演了。 ——真的? 那一
定是你高中最精彩的时刻了。情态动词用法must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定的有把握的推测，符合
句意，根据昨天优秀表现推测当时肯定是高中生活的高光时刻。故选B 项。
49.（24-25 高二下·天津和平·期末）— My computer ________ start, no matter how hard I try.
— It might have crashed. You need to have it examined.
A. won’t
B. mustn’t
C. can’t
D. needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——无论我怎么努力，我的电脑就是启动不了。——它可能死
机了。你需要让专业人员检查一下。A. won’t 不会；B. mustn’t 禁止；C. can’t 不能；D. needn’t 不必。won’t
用于描述机器、物体等“不肯（正常工作）”，符合“电脑无论怎么尝试都启动不了”的语境。故选A
项。
50.（2025·天津·模拟预测）The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final. They ______ intensively
for months before the event.
A. must have practiced
B. should practice
C. might practice
D. could have
practiced
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：运动员们在体操决赛中表现得如此完美。他们一定在赛前进行了
数月的高强度训练。此处为“情态动词+have done”结构，表对过去动作的推测，结合上文的“The athletes
competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final.”可知，运动员们在决赛时表现完美，由此可知，此处表示他
们过去“一定有过集中训练”，符合语境。故选A 项。
