专题10 巧用虚拟语气
核心概念：什么是虚拟语气？为什么用它？
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的不是一个事实，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或推
测。
· 表达复杂思想：让你能够谈论“如果……会怎样”的情景，拓展写作的深度和广度。
· 体现语言功底：正确使用虚拟语气是英语水平高的标志之一。
· 增强情感色彩：在表达愿望、建议或遗憾时，比直陈语气更具感染力。
· 直陈语气：I don't have a car, so I take the bus to work. (陈述事实)
· 虚拟语气：If I had a car, I would drive to work. (假设一个与现在事实相反的情况)
第二句话立刻让你的表达有了“层次感”。
1.If 条件句中的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反
If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (be 动词用were) 主语 + would/could/might/should + 动词原形 假设现在
的情况，但事实并非如此
· 结构：If I were you, I would study harder.
· 解读：事实是“我不是你”，所以“更加努力学习”这个建议是基于一个不存在的假设。
· 写作运用：提出建议、表达愿望。
· If I had more time, I could read more books. (事实：我现在没有更多时间。)
· If he were here, he might help us. (事实：他现在不在这里。)
与过去事实相反
If + 主语 + had + 过去分词 主语 + would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词 假设过去的情况，
但事实并非如此
· 结构：If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.
· 解读：事实是“你当时没有听我的建议”，并且“你已经犯了那个错误”。表达一种遗憾或责备。
· 写作运用：反思过去、表达后悔或总结教训。
· If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam. (事实：我过去没努力，考试没及格。)
· She would have come to the party if she had not been sick. (事实：她当时生病了，所以没来。)
与将来事实相反
If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 或 were to + 动原 或 should + 动原 主语 + would/could/might/should +
动词原形 假设将来不太可能发生的情况
· 结构：If it rained tomorrow, the picnic would be canceled.
· 解读：说话人认为“明天下雨”的可能性很小，但万一发生了，野餐就会被取消。
识写作指导
· 写作运用：推测未来极小可能发生的事。
· If I were to become a millionaire, I would travel around the world. (成为百万富翁的可能性极
小。)
· If he should come late, what would we do? (他迟到的可能性不大。)
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
· A. 表示“命令、建议、要求”的动词后：这些动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用 “(should) + 动词原
形”，should 常可省略。
· 常见动词：suggest, advise, propose, recommend (建议); insist, demand, require, request, ask (要
求); order, command (命令)。
· 例句：
· I suggest that he (should) go to see a doctor. (我建议他去看医生。)
· The teacher demanded that all students (should) be on time. (老师要求所有学生准时。)
· They insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. (他们坚持会议应推迟。)
· B. 动词wish 后的宾语从句：表示一种无法实现的愿望。
· 对现在的愿望：从句谓语用过去式(be 动词用were)。
· I wish I were a bird. (我真希望我是只鸟。)
· I wish I knew the answer. (我真希望我知道答案。)
· 对过去的愿望：从句谓语用 “had + 过去分词” 或 “could have + 过去分词”。
· I wish I had worked harder in high school. (我真希望高中时更努力一些。)(事实：过去没有努
力)
· He wishes he could have attended the concert. (他希望自己当时能去听那场音乐会。)
· 对将来的愿望：从句谓语用 “would/could/might + 动词原形”。
· I wish it would stop raining tomorrow. (但愿明天雨会停。)(表示一种期盼)
3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气
· 结构：It is + 形容词/过去分词 + that ... (should) + 动词原形
· 常见词：
· 形容词：important, necessary, natural, strange, essential, vital
· 过去分词：suggested, demanded, requested, advised, required
· 例句：
· It is important that we (should) protect the environment. (保护环境很重要。)
· It was suggested that a committee (should) be set up. (有人建议成立一个委员会。)
4. 状语从句中的虚拟语气
· as if / as though (好像，仿佛)：从句谓语形式与wish 后的宾语从句相同。
· He talks as if he knew everything. (他说话的样子好像他什么都知道。)(事实：他并不知道)
· She looked as though she had seen a ghost. (她看起来像是见了鬼一样。)(事实：过去没见鬼)
· in order that / so that (为了，以便)：从句谓语常用 “could/might/should + 动词原形”。
· He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
一、单句语法填空30 题
1. If I ______ (have) time tomorrow, I would go to the concert with you.
2. She suggested that we ______ (start) early to avoid traffic jams.
3. If he ______ (study) harder, he would have passed the exam last term.
4. It’s time we ______ (take) action to protect the environment.
5. I wish I ______ (know) the answer to this question now.
6. If I ______ (be) you, I would accept the job offer.
7. The teacher demanded that all homework ______ (hand) in before class.
8. Without your help, I ______ (not finish) the task so quickly.
9. I wish I ______ (visit) Paris when I was in Europe last year.
10. If it ______ (not rain) tomorrow, we would have a picnic in the park.
11. It’s necessary that she ______ (attend) the meeting in person.
12. He talked as if he ______ (see) the accident with his own eyes.
13. If you ______ (call) me earlier, I would have picked you up at the station.
14. I’d rather you ______ (not smoke) in the room.
15. It’s strange that he ______ (refuse) such a good opportunity.
16. If only we ______ (have) more time to prepare for the competition.
17. She insisted that she ______ (be) innocent and should be set free.
18. If the weather ______ (be) better yesterday, we would have gone hiking.
19. I wish my parents ______ (understand) my choices in the future.
20. The doctor advised that he ______ (give up) drinking and smoking.
21. If we ______ (invest) in this project, we might make a big profit.
22. It’s high time that the government ______ (solve) the housing problem.
23. He acted as though he ______ (be) the boss of the company.
24. Without air and water, human beings ______ (not survive) on Earth.
25. I’d rather you ______ (come) tomorrow instead of today.
26. If I ______ (learn) English when I was a child, I would speak it fluently now.
27. The committee recommended that the plan ______ (revise) before implementation.
28. I wish I ______ (not make) so many mistakes in the last exam.
29. If it ______ (snow) heavily tonight, the school will be closed tomorrow.（提示：混合虚拟）
练专项练习
30. It’s important that everyone ______ (obey) the traffic rules.
二、长句翻译20 题
1. 如果我有足够的钱，我会环游世界。
2. 她要求我们在周末前完成所有工作。
3. 要是昨天我没错过那班车，就不会迟到了。
4. 真希望我能说一口流利的法语。
5. 医生建议他卧床休息至少一周。
6. 如果当初他接受了我的建议，现在就不会陷入困境了。
7. 是时候我们认真对待这个问题了。
8. 没有你的支持，我不可能取得这么大的进步。
9. 他谈起那个城市，就好像他曾经住过那里一样。
10. 我宁愿你不要把这个秘密告诉任何人。
11. 要是明天天气好，我们就去爬山。
12. 奇怪的是，他竟然拒绝了如此真诚的邀请。
13. 如果你能帮我一把，我会非常感激。
14. 我希望我昨天能参加你的生日派对。
15. 委员会提议这个项目应该延期执行。
16. 要是人类能与自然和谐共处，地球会变得更美好。
17. 她坚持认为自己没有做错任何事，不应该受到惩罚。
18. 真希望时间能倒流，让我重新做一次选择。
19. 如果当初我们早点出发，现在已经到达目的地了。
20. 重要的是，每个学生都应该养成良好的学习习惯。
