第02 讲 选择性必修1-4 词汇考点
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
所给词的适当形式填空
1．The government invests heavily in (agriculture) technology.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】agricultural
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府在农业技术方面投入了大量资金。提示词修饰名词technology，用形容
词agricultural 作定语，意为“农业的”。故填agricultural。
2．Intrinsic (motivate) is more lasting than external rewards. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】motivation
【详解】考查名词。句意：内在动机比外部奖励更具持久性。作主语，用名词motivation ，故填
motivation 。
3．Avoid (stereotype) people based on their appearance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stereotyping
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：避免根据外表对人形成刻板印象。动词avoid 后应该用动名词形式作宾
语。故填stereotyping。
4．Teachers should boost students’ (motivate) through praise. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】motivation
【详解】考查名词。句意：教师应该通过表扬来提高学生的积极性。空处应填名词作宾语，motivate 的名
词形式motivation，意为“积极性，动力”，为不可数名词。故填motivation。
5．Children’s (behave) can be influenced by their environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】behavior/behaviour
【详解】考查名词。句意：儿童的行为会受到环境的影响。名词behavior/behaviour 作主语，不可数名词。
故填behavior/behaviour。
6．It helps to have (influence) friends. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意：拥有有影响力的朋友是有帮助的。修饰名词friends，用形容词influential 作
定语。故填influential。
7．Bernice decided to travel around the world and enjoy herself this summer holiday after
(achieve) her dream. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】achieving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：实现梦想后，伯尼斯决定环游世界，好好享受这个暑假。空处作after 的
宾语，应用achieve“实现”的动名词形式。故填achieving。
8．These books are for (refer) only and may not be checked out of the library. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
【答案】reference
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些书籍仅供参考，不得借出图书馆。空处需要名词作介词for 的宾语。refer
的名词形式为reference“参考”。故填reference。
9．Research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly has led to (innovate) technologies since
scientists uncovered the secret behind their bright colour. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】innovative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家发现了一种蝴蝶明亮的蓝色翅膀背后的秘密，对这种蝴蝶亮蓝色翅膀
的研究带来了创新技术。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，innovate 的形容词形式是innovative。
故填innovative。
10．Mike isn’t a good citizen, because he often attempts to escape (fine) whenever he breaks traffic
regulations. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being fined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克不是一个好公民，因为每当他违反交通规则时，他经常试图逃避被
罚款。“escape doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“逃避做某事”，其后用动名词作宾语，又因fine (罚款)与其
逻辑主语he 之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式being fined 作宾语。故填being fined。
11．The organization’s mission is to create a platform where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come
together to (social), exchange ideas, and collaborate. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】socialize/socialise
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织的使命是创建一个平台，让来自不同背景的人可以聚集在一起进
行社交、交流思想和合作。空处位于动词不定式符号to 后面，使用动词原形socialize/socialise 构成动词不
定式作目的状语。故填socialize/socialise。
12．Nowadays, (equip) with a knowledge of computer is an essential qualification for most of the posts
in the job market. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，具备计算机知识是就业市场上大多数职位的必备资格。be
equipped with 固定搭配，意为“具备”，此处作主语，应用动名词形式，故填being equipped。
13． we all know, he is a famous scientist in this field. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，他是这个领域著名的科学家。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定
语从句，指代后文整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以空处需用关系代词as 引导非限制性定语从
句，句首单词需大写首字母。故填As。
14．A study (involve) long-distance runners is being done at the Medical Center. （所给词的适当
形式填空）
【答案】involving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医学中心正在进行一项涉及长跑运动员的研究。此处作定语，修饰
study，study 与involve 之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填involving。
15． (run) in the morning is a good habit that helps improve my physical health. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
【答案】Running
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：早上跑步是一个好习惯，有助于改善我的身体健康。空处作主语，run
为动词，用其动名词形式，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Running。
题型二 核心单词拼写
根据汉语提示完成句子
1．Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any (实用的) way to
prevent it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】practical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管癌症的病因正在被揭示，但我们尚无任何实用的方法来预防它。根据句
意和汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词practical，修饰名词way，作定语。故填practical。
2．If you (缺乏) the knowledge of his background, it is hard for you to understand his works. (根据汉语
提示单词拼写)
【答案】lack
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你不了解他的背景，你就很难理解他的作品。根据汉语提示及句意可知，
空处缺谓语动词，“lack”作动词，表示“缺乏”，描述客观情况用一般现在时。故填lack。
3．A teacher should not show (偏爱) for any one of his pupils. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意：老师不应该偏爱任何一个学生。句中用名词作宾语。名词“偏爱”英文为
preference，为不可数名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填preference。
4．I got a call from a friend whom I hadn’t (联系) for a long time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】contacted
【详解】考查动词。句意：我接到了一个很久没有联系的朋友的电话。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填动词
contact“联系”，空处作whom 引导的定语从句的谓语动词，结合空格前的助动词hadn’t，可知填入过去分
词构成过去完成时。故填contacted。
5．Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and (缓慢行进) into his room. (根据汉语提示单词
拼写)
【答案】dragged
【详解】考查动词。句意：知道了考试的结果，他回到家，拖着沉重的步子走进自己的房间。根据and 前
went home 可知，这里为并列的谓语动词。“缓慢行进”英文为drag。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。
故填dragged。
6．I would (感激) it if you can give me some advice on how to learn English. (根据汉语提示单词拼
写)
【答案】appreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果你能就如何学习英语给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。“感激”作谓语，用
动词appreciate，在情态动词would 后用原形；I would appreciate it if...是固定句型，意为“如果……，我将
不胜感激。”。故填appreciate。
7．The fundamental (原则) of good nutrition is to consume a balanced diet that includes a variety of
fruits, vegetables, and proteins. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】principle
【详解】考查名词。句意：良好营养的基本原则是均衡饮食，包括各种水果、蔬菜和蛋白质。根据汉语提
示可知应用名词principle，作主语，根据后文is 可知为单数。故填principle。
8．A man can be (毁灭) but not defeated. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】destroyed
【详解】考查动词。句意：一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。根据所给汉语提示以及空前的can be 可
知，此处应填动词destroy，且主语A man 与动词destroy 之间为被动关系，因此空处应填过去分词形式
destroyed，构成被动语态，意为“被毁灭”。故填destroyed。
9．This profound book is worth (领悟，消化) over and over again, . as it offers insights that can
enrich our understanding of life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】digesting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：这本深刻的书值得一读再读，因为它提供了可以丰富我们对生活理解的见解。
根据汉语提示可知，空处用动词digest“领悟，消化”。分析句子结构可知，“(领悟,消化) over and over
again”在句中作介系词worth 的宾语，需要动名词形式。故填digesting。
10．I spent an (平均) of about 2000 yuan a year on books. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】average
【详解】考查名词。句意：我每年在书上花费平均约2000 元。设空处应填average“平均，平均数”，作
spent 的宾语。故填average。
11．For such a tiny woman, she had a(n) (难以置信) big appetite. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】incredibly
【详解】考查副词。句意：对于这样一个小个子的女人来说，她的胃口大得令人难以置信。根据汉语提示
“难以置信”可知，此处应使用副词incredibly，修饰形容词big，作状语。故填incredibly。
12．After (辞职) from the company, the disabled man took some books to the post office and mailed
them to his friend. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】resigning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从公司辞职后，这位残疾人拿了一些书到邮局，寄给了他的朋友。根据
汉语提示“辞职”，以及上文After 可知此处应填动名词作介词宾语，且表示“辞职”的动词为：resign，
故填resigning。
13．I think reading English newspaper is a good way of (改进)your English.
【答案】improving
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我认为读英文报纸是提高英语水平的好方法。improve“改进”，此处位于
介词of 后，应使用现在分词。故填improving。
14．The newly-married couple is considering (申请) for a house loan from the bank.
【答案】applying
【详解】考查动名词。句意：这对新婚夫妇正在考虑向银行申请房屋贷款。consider doing sth.考虑做某事，
“申请”为apply for。故答案为applying。
15．He is a （有决心的）person.
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。形容词determined 有决心的。句意：他是一个有决心的人。故填determined。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（23-24 高二下·四川成都·期末）Did you know the basic structure of your brain is very similar to that of
other mammals? This surprising fact says a lot about animal thought because having brains and hormones( 激素)
similar to those of humans makes other mammals(哺乳动物) act, feel, and think much like we do.
In fact, animals actually possess cognition, the ability to acquire knowledge. Elephants consciously(有意识
地) learn which plants to eat from older elephants by observing them and tasting the foods they eat. So, while our
experience of the world might differ from theirs, consciousness is not a privilege(特权) limited to us.
And brains can even teach us about how animals feel. For instance, oxytocin, a kind of hormone, is essential
in forming bonds in humans as well as other mammals. So, if it’s blocked in an individual’s brain, they’re likely to
feel alone. The fact that the same is true for humans and animals suggests a similarity both in our brains and our
feelings.
But what about the animals with tiny brains? Can they feel too? Actually, brain size is a poor indicator of
animal intelligence. A better one is how much an animal’s brain has in common with ours. That’s because a larger
brain, while it means more computing power, isn’t necessarily helpful. For example, tuna have smaller brains than
dolphins but are just as good at hunting.
Large brains are necessary for being social and cooperating with others. That’s because when individuals are
responsible for the survival of a group, a bigger or social brain is needed. In the case of animals that do have social
brains, like elephants, whales, and dolphins, it’s hard to deny that they’re thinking and feeling like humans when
their brains so closely resemble ours.
12．Why are elephants mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To compare humans and animals.
B．To illustrate animals’ ability to learn.
C．To introduce elephants’ eating habits.
D．To prove elephants are social animals.
13．What will oxytocin’s being reduced lead to?
A．Increased loneliness.
B．Improved hunting skills.
C．Poore r social ability.
D．Stronger bonds with others.
14．What does the underlined phrase “A better one” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．A larger brain.
B．A more brilliant mind.
C．A sharper sense.
D．A more reliable indicator.
15．What message does this text mainly intend to convey?
A．Brain size is vital to intelligence.
B．Consciousness is not humans’ privilege.
C．Mammals may think and feel like humans.
D．Animals share similar brain structure with humans.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物的思维和情感，以及它们与人类的相似之处。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Elephants consciously learn which plants to eat from older elephants by
observing them and tasting the foods they eat(大象通过观察和品尝年长大象的食物，有意识地学习哪些植物
可以吃)”可知，这里提到大象是为了说明动物具有学习能力。故选B 项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So, if it’s blocked in an individual’s brain, they’re likely to feel alone(如果
大脑中的催产素被阻断，个体可能会感到孤独)”可知，催产素的减少会导致孤独感的增加。故选A 项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Actually, brain size is a poor indicator of animal intelligence. A better one
is how much an animal’s brain has in common with ours(实际上，大脑大小是动物智力的一个较差的指标。一
个更好的指标是动物的大脑与我们的有多少共同之处。)”可知，实际上，大脑大小并不是衡量动物智力的
可靠指标。更好的指标是动物的大脑与我们的大脑的相似程度。因此，“A better one”指的是一个更可靠的
指标。故选D 项。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This surprising fact says a lot about animal thought because having brains
and hormones similar to those of humans makes other mammals act, feel, and think much like we do(这个令人惊
讶的事实在很大程度上说明了动物的思维，因为拥有与人类相似的大脑和激素使得其他哺乳动物在行为、
感觉和思维上与人类非常相似)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了动物的思维和情感，以及它们与人类
的相似之处。因此，本文主要传达的信息是哺乳动物可能会像人类一样思考和感受。故选C 项。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025·福建福州·模拟预测）It started like any normal day. My partner, Stewart, helped me out of bed. I
41
on my crutches (拐杖) as I made my way to the car, slowly and dangerously. All of a sudden, I
42
my footing and fell.
Not for the first time, Stewart was caught between concern and
43
. Wasn’t it time, he asked, for
me to consider using a wheelchair? Once again, I
44
the suggestion.
I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis ( 类风湿性关节炎) in my 20s. Over the following years,
movement and mobility became more and more painful and challenging, but I was
45
to stay on my feet
— to still be a “walking person”. But, slowly, walking unaided became impossible. The morning after my
46
, the truth of what Stewart had been saying
47
me: trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further. My
perspective
48
and I admitted what felt, at the time, like defeat. At 46, I started using the wheelchair.
Suddenly, having been
49
, here I was, a “disabled person”, sitting at the height of most people’s waists.
However, being more
50
disabled has had other silver linings, too. People are kind. And, I often
feel as if I am seeing the very best of human 5
1
.
Now, when I look at the wheelchair, I see the imprint of myself on it, how its shape has
52
me,
and mine to it, and I feel greater
53
: it is a part of me now.
Of course, I long to walk, but I am learning to live with my
54
. Using a wheelchair can be
challenging, but it has also proved hugely
55
; together, it feels as if we are starting a whole new
adventure.
41．A．swung
B．relied
C．lived
D．hung
42．A．gained
B．treated
C．missed
D．enjoyed
43．A．happiness
B．relief
C．guilt
D．irritation
44．A．rejected
B．considered
C．appreciated
D．received
45．A．unwilling
B．frightened
C．adamant
D．hesitant
46．A．success
B．tumble
C．journey
D．walk
47．A．excited
B．escaped
C．beat
D．hit
48．A．remained
B．shifted
C．disappeared
D．narrowed
49．A．bright
B．reliable
C．tall
D．mean
50．A．mentally
B．visibly
C．mildly
D．completely
51．A．nature
B．history
C．achievement
D．activity
52．A．referred to
B．adapted to
C．belonged to
D．turned to
53．A．acceptance
B．burden
C．distance
D．objective
54．A．hobby
B．dream
C．talent
D．disability
55．A．dominating
B．emancipating
C．disturbing
D．amusing
【答案】
41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．B
51．A 52．B 53．A 54．D 55．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍作者患类风湿性关节炎后，从拒绝使用轮椅到逐渐接受并发现其积
极意义的过程。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拄着拐杖走向汽车，缓慢而危险。A. swung 摆动；B. relied 依靠；C.
lived 生活；D. hung 悬挂。根据下文“on my crutches (拐杖) as I made my way to the car, slowly and
dangerously”可知，作者缓慢而危险的走向汽车，由此可知，作者需要“依靠”拐杖行走。故选B 项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我失足摔倒了。A. gained 获得；B. treated 对待；C. missed 未抓住；
D. enjoyed 享受。根据下文“fell”可知，作者“未踩稳”脚而摔倒，“miss one’s footing”为固定搭配，意为
“失足”。故选C 项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯图尔特再次陷入担忧和恼怒之间。A. happiness 快乐；B. relief 宽慰；C.
guilt 内疚；D. irritation 恼怒。根据上文的“concern”以及下文“Wasn’t it time, he asked, for me to consider
using a wheelchair?”可知，斯图尔特质问作者，难道不该考虑使用轮椅吗，由此可知，斯图尔特因作者拒绝
坐轮椅而感到“恼怒”。故选D 项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再次拒绝了这个建议。A. rejected 拒绝；B. considered 考虑；C.
appreciated 感激；D. received 收到。根据语境和上文的“Once again”可知，斯图尔特建议作者坐轮椅，而
作者在一次“拒绝”使用轮椅的建议。故选A 项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，活动和移动变得越来越痛苦且具有挑战性，但我坚
决要坚持站立 —— 继续做一个“能行走的人”。A. unwilling 不愿意的；B. frightened 害怕的；C. adamant
坚决的；D. hesitant 犹豫的。根据下文“trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further.”可知，作者“坚
决”不肯坐轮椅。故选C 项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我摔倒后的那个早晨，我突然意识到斯图尔特一直说的话是对的：强撑
着站立反而让我更加行动不便。A. success 成功；B. tumble 摔倒；C. journey 旅程；D. walk 行走。根据上文
“fell”可知，此处指“摔倒”后的早晨。故选B 项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我摔倒后的那个早晨，我突然意识到斯图尔特一直说的话是对的：强撑
着站立反而让我更加行动不便。A. excited 使兴奋；B. escaped 逃离；C. beat 打败；D. hit 使突然意识到。根
据下文“trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further.”可知，作者突然“意识到”斯图尔特的建议是对
的，“hit”在此处表示“突然明白”。故选D 项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的观点改变了，我承认当时感觉像是失败。A. remained 保持；B. shifted
改变；C. disappeared 消失；D. narrowed 变窄。根据下文“and I admitted what felt, at the time, like defeat.”可
知，作者承认当时感觉像是失败，由此可知，此处指的是观念“改变”了，决定使用轮椅。故选B 项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，曾经高大的我，现在成了一个“残疾人”，坐在大多数人的腰部
高度。A. bright 聪明的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. tall 高的；D. mean 吝啬的。根据下文“sitting at the height of
most people’s waists.”可知，站着时“高大的”作者，坐轮椅后只到别人腰部高度。故选C 项。
50．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，明显的残疾也有其他积极的一面。A. mentally 精神上；B. visibly 明
显地；C. mildly 轻微地；D. completely 完全地。根据下文“People are kind.”以及“And, I often feel as if I am
seeing the very best of human ____11____.”可知，坐轮椅让作者的残疾“明显地”展现出来，反而感受到人
们的善意，看到了人性中最好的一面。故选B 项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我常常觉得自己看到了人性中最美好的一面。A. nature 本性；B. history 历
史；C. achievement 成就；D. activity 活动。根据上文“People are kind.”可知，作者看到了人类“本性”中
善良的一面。故选A 项。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，当我看着轮椅时，我看到了自己在上面的印记，它的形状如何适应
我，我的形状又如何适应它，我感到更大的接受度：它现在是我的一部分了。A. referred to 提及；B.
adapted to 适应；C. belonged to 属于；D. turned to 求助于。根据上文的“Now, when I look at the wheelchair, I
see the imprint of myself on it”以及下文“mine to it”可知，作者看到自己在轮椅上的印记，由此可知，轮椅
的形状“适应”了作者，作者也适应了它。故选B 项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我看着轮椅时，我看到了自己在上面的印记，它的形状如何适应
我，我的形状又如何适应它，我感到更大的接受度：它现在是我的一部分了。A. acceptance 接受；B.
burden 负担；C. distance 距离；D. objective 目标。根据下文“it is a part of me now”可知，作者逐渐“接
受”了轮椅。故选A 项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，我渴望走路，但我正在学习与我的残疾共存。A. hobby 爱好；B.
dream 梦想；C. talent 天赋；D. disability 残疾。根据上文“I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿
性关节炎) in my 20s.”以及“was disabling me”可知，作者在20 多岁被诊断患上了类风湿性关节炎，由此可
推断，作者在学习与“残疾”共处。故选D 项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使用轮椅可能具有挑战性，但事实也证明它非常自由；总之，感觉我们
正在开始一场全新的冒险。A. dominating 占主导的；B. emancipating 解放的，自由的；C. disturbing 令人不
安的；D. amusing 有趣的。根据后文“it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure”可知，使用轮椅让
作者开启了一场全新的冒险，给作者带来了自由的感觉。故选B 项。
03 高考溯源练
1. (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding
Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how
the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57
(function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass
and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine
and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite)
such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors
through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see,
too.
The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk
Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the
65 (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】
56．engineering 57．functional 58．to give 59．closed 60．walks 61．the
62．favorites 63．as 64．which/that 65．richness
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick 工作室最近公布的一个新项目——
一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、
以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
56．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意
可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填
engineering。
57．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修
饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。
此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。
59．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空
处用于stays 之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。
60．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝
绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，
根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第
三人称单数形式。故填walks。
61．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植
物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
62．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。
favorite 是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and
fennel 可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
63．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将
中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺
的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
64．考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse 是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植
物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富
的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语
从句中作主语，用关系代词which 或that 引导从句。故填which/that。
65．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将
中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺
的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of 的宾语。故填richness。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41
(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 42 (treasure) of American heritage
(遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men
relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 43 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 44
(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural
beauties there.
What should 45 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 46
(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy
— as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 48 (complete) of their
journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone
became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 49 (large) United
States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50 became a
national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】
41．to catch 42．treasures 43．what 44．were 45．be done 46．its 47．for 48．
completion 49．largest 50．which
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，
决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因
为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to
catch。
42．考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure 表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，
应用复数形式，故填treasures。
43．考查宾语从句。句意：1870 年9 月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火
前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in 的宾语，is 前缺主语，指物，主语用what 引导宾语
从句，作介词in 的宾语，故填what。
44．考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15 人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里
的自然美景。本空前They 指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870 年，同时联系后文had spent 的过去完成
时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
45．考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what 指物，与谓语动词
do 是被动关系，情态动词should 后接be done 构成被动语态，故填be done。
46．考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有
国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty 用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
47．考查介词。句意同上。介词for 表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
48．考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名
词作宾语，complete 名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。
49．考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220 万英亩，直到1978 年成为国家
纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980 年以1230 万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。
本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978 年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣
伊莱亚斯在1980 年以1230 万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large 的最高级largest 作定语，故
填largest。
50．考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，
指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
