专题 02 阅读理解 说明文
主题01 人与社会
Passage 1
（2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）
At the foot of Yinhu Mountain in Shenzhen, the Yulong landfill — once the city’s largest waste site — is busy
in the early morning. After two decades undisturbed, the Yulong landfill’s 2.55 million cubic meters of waste — a
volume large enough to fill 1,000 swimming pools — is now undergoing the nation’s largest excavation (挖掘) and
relocation project, with dozens of excavators operating all out.
Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty
groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new
approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. Now, at the site, trucks transport different categories of waste to
sorting centers. After sorting, burnable materials of the household waste are transported to the energy ecological park
for incineration (焚烧), thus turning waste into resources.
In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down
dioxins, a harmful byproduct. After many steps of purification, the gas released meets higher standards than those of
the EU. The project can deal with 330,000 tons of burnable waste and produce 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity
yearly, enough for 26,000 families.
Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese
companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and
components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from
waste collection and incineration to gas treatment.
China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a
Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve
waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been
involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become
a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance.1．What was a problem caused by the Yulong landfill before relocation?
A．It occupied too much farming land.
B．It led to shortage of natural resources.
C．It brought unpleasant smells and pollution.
D．It prevented the development of local tourism.
2．Why is the excavated waste from Yulong landfill burned at temperatures above 850°C?
A．To break down harmful substances. B．To burn the waste faster.
C．To reduce the volume of waste. D．To generate more electricity.
3．What is a feature of Chinese waste-to-energy technology according to Pan?
A．It adopts imported guidance. B．It remains under development.
C．It targets the domestic market. D．It proves self-sufficient in equipment.
4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To explain the working principle of a landfill.
B．To urge global cooperation on waste processing.
C．To compare waste processing technologies at home and abroad.
D．To show the advantages and global influence of China’s waste-to-energy technology.
Passage 2
（2026·黑龙江·二模）
Robots are already better than humans at quite a few tasks. Try to outplay an AI-enabled system at chess or
outlast a robot worker operating in rooms filled with radiation, and you’d likely fall short. But even with all that
advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate
hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge
for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity
of human hands. A new wrist wearable may change that.
Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband
that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous
ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That
stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals
to a robotic hand.
Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time. Volunteerswearing the device could direct the robotic hand to grab tennis balls, make hand signs, and even play notes on a
piano. The engineers behind the wristband believe it may be the most advanced tool yet for training robots to use
their hands more like humans. The same technique can also be deployed to digital environments, which means
future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel
more realistic. The team published their findings in the journal Nature Electronics.
“We think this work has an immediate impact in potentially replacing hand tracking techniques with wearable
ultrasound bands in virtual reality,” the mechanical engineering professor and study co-author Xuanhe Zhao said in
a statement.
1．Why does the author mention a robot peeling a banana?
A．To stress a major limit of robotics. B．To show robots’ superiority in tasks.
C．To indicate a simple task for humans. D．To praise the progress of technology.
2．How does the wristband enable robotic hand control?
A．It tracks wrist changes through AI.
B．It sends AI orders to train the wearer.
C．It uses AI to monitor the robotic hand.
D．It turns wrist motions into data for AI.
3．Which best describes the underlined part “deployed to” in paragraph 3?
A．Rooted in. B．Removed from. C．Applied to. D．Recognized by.
4．What is the suitable title for the text?
A．Digital Environments: The Future of Robotics.
B．MIT Engineers: Pioneers in Virtual Reality Tech.
C．Robot Workers: Outperforming Humans in Fields.
D．Ultrasound Wristband: A Leap in Robotic Hands.
Passage 3
（2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模）
Plants produce chemicals called alkaloids (生物碱) to protect themselves from threats. People rely on alkaloids
for pain relief and other medical treatments. Scientists want to better understand how plants create alkaloids so they
can develop medicines faster, at lower cost, and with less harm to the environment.
Researchers from the University of York focused on Flueggea suffruticosa, a plant that produces securinine —
a powerful type of alkaloid. They uncovered that the key gene responsible for making securinine is similar to genes
typically found in bacteria rather than in plants. This finding suggests that plants may have adopted an unusualevolutionary strategy. Instead of relying only on traditional plant chemistry, they appear to reuse molecular (分子
的) tools commonly seen in microbes (微生物) to build defensive chemicals.
Dr. Benjamin Lichman, the lead researcher, explained why the discovery stood out. “Plants and bacteria are
really different forms of life, and so it was a surprise to see that this significant plant chemical was being driven
from a bacterial-like gene. We believe plants ‘recycle’ biological tools that are more commonly found in microbes,
when they can be useful to them.” Once the researchers recognized this new chemical pathway, they began finding
similar genes hidden within the DNA of many other plants. These plant genes could be used to produce valuable
chemicals in laboratory settings, which would reduce the need to harvest rare plants.
Dr. Lichman noted that alkaloids could be poisonous, so they have to be highly controlled and often modified
when used in medicines. He emphasized, “Understanding the process of creating alkaloids can help us develop new
methods for producing them in the lab or removing them to make some plants less poisonous. Now that we know
how to look for this chemical production, we have new methods to explore for the production and discovery of safe
medications.”
1．What is a finding of the researchers about the gene producing securinine?
A．It evolves in a regular pattern. B．It is more like bacterial genes.
C．It defends plants from bacteria. D．It exists widely in common plants.
2．What can we infer from the discovery in paragraph 3?
A．Rare plants contains more alkaloids.
B．Plants produce chemicals from microbes.
C．Bacterial-like genes may exist in many plants.
D．Biological tools are unique to certain microbes.
3．What does the author try to explain by quoting Lichman in the last paragraph?
A．The practical value of the research.
B．The process of alkaloid production.
C．The challenges of lab-made chemicals.
D．The complexity of medical exploration.
4．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A popular science magazine. B．A guide on plant identification.
C．A textbook for medical students. D．A research paper on microbiology.
主题02 人与自我Passage 1
（2026·吉林长春·二模）
Restrictions on vapes (电子烟) are multiplying. Belgium banned sales of throwaway vapes on January 1st.
France adopted a similar law on February 24th. Other bans may soon come into force in England, Scotland, Wales
and New Zealand. More than 30 countries including Brazil and India have outlawed all vaping products. Are such
measures justified?
Vaping clearly carries risks. Starting in 2019, America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
began to track a new disease known as EVALI (“e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury”). As of
February 18th 2020, the CDC had identified 2,807 admissions to hospital for EVALI in America. At least 68 of those
patients had died.
Swift action arose. Researchers pointed fingers at vitamin E acetate (醋酸酯), a skincare oil that was added to
many unlawful masses of vaping liquids as a thickening agent. When vitamin E acetate is heated, highly poisonous
gas is produced. Many areas outlawed any addition of vitamin E acetate to vape liquids, and crackdowns on black
markets followed. EVALI cases fell greatly; the CDC has not detected a revival.
Yet health authorities believe EVALI might also be caused by other substances in vape, including those that
are produced legally. In a landmark analysis of four popular vaping liquids published in Chemical Research in
Toxicology in 2021, a team at Johns Hopkins University labelled six ingredients as potentially harmful. Earlier studies
had found vaping mixtures that used heavy metals such as lead.
There are other reasons to be concerned. First, as vaping rose in popularity only in the past dozen or so years, it
remains to be seen whether cancer cases could arise. Lab mice have developed cancers after being subjected to vape
aerosols (气溶胶). The second is that vape aerosols have been found to damage human tissue, including DNA．
1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The health risks of vaping. B．The trend of banning vapes.
C．The distribution of vapes sale. D．The measures of promoting vapes.
2．What is the main reason for the global bans on vapes?
A．The decline in traditional cigarette sales.
B．The high cost of regulating vaping products.
C．The environmental issues caused by e-cigarettes.
D．The outbreak of EVALI linked to vaping products.
3．What directly resulted from banning vitamin E acetate?A．EVALI cases dropped sharply. B．CDC stopped tracking EVALI.
C．More countries banned all vapes. D．Other harmful substances were found.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Vaping is not as popular as before.
B．Health risks by vaping may still exist.
C．Lab mice are likely to spread diseases.
D．Vape aerosols can cure damaged human tissue.
Passage 2
（2026·吉林·二模）
The ordinary-seeming act of picking up a T-shirt and folding it into a neat square requires a surprisingly
complex understanding of how objects move in three dimensions. Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes
from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them
before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a
result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks.
A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱).
Think about all the times you’ve thrown a T-shirt into the laundry basket and how it landed in a slightly different-
shaped heap each time. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to orient themselves,
but every unique way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of unwrinkled
clothing lying flat on a surface, with all features visible. “It’s not the fabric itself that is the challenge. It’s the number
of variations that can be created by the way fabric can be crumpled,” says David Held, a robotics researcher.
Once they have been trained on a fabric’s properties, many robotic systems use a folding strategy called “pick
and place”, where the robot uses computer vision technology to identify a specific point on a shirt like the left sleeve,
then pick up that point and place it down at a different specified point like the right sleeve. In these models, the origin,
destination and trajectory (轨迹) of the movement are predetermined based on assumed properties of the fabric, such
as stretch and weight.
Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in
the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such
complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly.
1．Why do robots perform poorly in folding tasks?
A．They struggle to apply learning. B．They fail to know the fabric.C．They lack the relevant training. D．They can’t observe new situations.
2．What makes robots’ learning to fold clothes difficult?
A．The ways that people pick up their T-shirts. B．Countless fabric variations from crumpling.
C．Very few images about unwrinkled clothing. D．Different assumed properties of the fabric.
3．What can we know about the strategy called “pick and place”?
A．It is highly effective. B．It can adapt to changes.
C．It ignores fabric’s weight. D．It has certain shortcomings.
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Robot’s Big Challenge: Folding ClothesB．Pick and Place: A Common Robot Strategy
C．Humans’ Natural Ability to Fold ClothesD．The Endless Possibilities of Home Robots
Passage 3
（2026·辽宁鞍山·二模）
As a youth mental health crisis persists in the US, a new report highlights a significant gap between the level
of support that teenagers feel and the amount that parents think their children have. Only about a quarter of teens said
they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think
they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their
parents.
The study authors note that the presence of an interviewer may have biased parents to respond more favorably.
There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage
children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy
and reassurance.
The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were
significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported. Depression and
anxiety were nearly three times more common among teenagers who did not feel emotionally supported than among
those who did; nearly a third of those who did not feel supported reported symptoms like poor sleep, poor health or
low life satisfaction.
Experts say it’s important for adults to make intentional time to connect with teenagers in their life. This is
especially true in the age of technology and social media. “Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious
about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping
a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.”1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A．By providing statistics. B．By giving examples.
C．By quoting an expert. D．By explaining a concept.
2．Why does the gap on support exist between parents and teenagers?
A．They both have a strong bias. B．They define support in different ways.
C．They both have high expectations. D．They avoid communication with each other.
3．What can we learn about the findings?
A．Teens feeling supported are healthier.
B．Parents usually ignore teens’ mental health.
C．Emotional support makes no sense to teens’ health.
D．A third of the teens experience low life satisfaction.
4．What does Damour suggest parents do to narrow the gap?
A．Offer timely medical treatment. B．Fix time to lecture teens.
C．Be a good listener with curiosity. D．Meet teens’ physical needs.
主题03 人与自然
Passage 1
（2026·辽宁朝阳·二模）
Lately, massive levels of carbon dioxide (CO) have been making much of our world too warm. Some engineers
2
look to clear up what’s already there. Arup SenGupta is one of them. SenGupta’s team recently invented a system
that works like a water filter (过滤器). But instead of removing pollution from water, it traps CO when air flows
2
through the filter, with other gases passing through.
A currently available air-filtering technology is described as “direct air capture (DAC)” which can filter CO ,
2
from coal-fired power plants. Twenty-seven DAC plants have been launched worldwide, only capturing a small share
of the CO in the air.
2
“Direct capture is a way,” Sengupta says, “But the technology is not there yet to be able to address the problem
extensively.” He thinks his group’s new tech could in theory help. It’s not just for power plants. “You could go to the
Himalayas and trap CO .”
2
The testing process began by blowing air through the filter. This process transforms the trapped CO into a
2
chemical called sodium bicarbonate which is the same stuff as baking soda. When the filter was full, the team “reset” it
by pouring ocean water through it. The captured CO is released into the ocean as sodium bicarbonate. Then, the
2filter is “new” again.
However, lab tests don’t always guarantee success in the real world. The new approach may not be well
acknowledged as it requires large amounts of additional chemicals to work. Trapping one ton of CO , for example,
2
requires tons of certain corrosive compounds (腐蚀性化合物). Additionally, the reaction generates a byproduct,
which could be repurposed for industrial uses, but it requires proper storage to be safe for those applications.
Lebling, at World Resources Institute, says the ocean is a potential option for storing carbon safely, in part for
its vastness. “Meanwhile,” she adds, “it presents a host of unknowns.” Some have to do with how efficiently the sea
can hold carbon. Others relate to possible ecological impacts. “Before these approaches can be safely used,” she says,
“scientists need to know how storing carbon in the ocean will affect the environment.”
1．What is the primary function of Arup SenGupta’s invention?
A．Monitoring the air quality. B．Cleaning up the air pollutants.
C．Storing carbon dioxide underground. D．Removing carbon dioxide from the air.
2．Why do the researchers expose the filter to ocean water?
A．To cool down the filter after use.
B．To refresh the filter for further use.
C．To enhance the chemical reaction process.
D．To increase the filter’s CO capture efficiency.
2
3．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 5?
A．The complexity of doing the lab tests.
B．Difficulties in the practical application of the new tech.
C．Safety measures required for handling additional chemicals.
D．Huge market potential for the byproduct of the reaction.
4．What is Lebling’s attitude to the real application of SenGupta’s filter?
A．Prejudiced. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Disappointed.
Passage 2
（2026·黑龙江·二模）
It’s not unusual for snow to fall in winter. During the cold weather months, some folks like to share recipes for
how to make snow ice cream and other treats that use fresh powder as a base, adding milk, sugar, and toppings.
Obviously, no one is recommending anyone scoop up a bowlful of snow idling on the side of the road, full of
salt, muck (淤泥), and other unpleasantness. But it does beg the question: Is any snow actually safe to consume?
While you may assume snow that’s freshly fallen and collected in an undisturbed area — even a cup set outfor that purpose — is free of any contaminants (污染物), don’t be so sure. According to meteorologist Mary Scarzello
Fairbanks, snow isn’t all that clean. It’s formed when water droplets freeze around some dust or debris in the air,
forming an ice crystal that continues to collect water vapor and form a snowflake.
When it falls, it will also collect things hanging in the air, including dirt and even bacterial particles. Depending
on the region, snow could also contain mercury (水银) or pesticides. If it’s windy, snow could even mix with dirt
kicked up from the soil before settling. A 2015 study published in the journal Environmental Science: Processes &
Impacts even demonstrated how snow could mix with gas exhaust. This all means that, theoretically, your snow ice
cream could have some pretty disgusting “toppings”.
At the same time, there doesn’t seem to be a surge of reports of illnesses related to snow consumption.
Assuming you don’t consume a huge quantity of it, it’s unlikely that whatever contaminants might be in the snow
will be present in large enough amounts to cause problems. While no one is technically advocating for snow ingestion
here, just a small bite will probably be fine.
Eating snow in an emergency is another matter. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns
against snow snacking for people like hikers, because it can lower one’s body temperature. In cases where there is a
water supply issue, the CDC says it’s safe to take collected snow and boil it to kill off any bacteria.
1．What is the correct order of snow formation?
① Ice crystals are formed.
② Water and vapor are collected.
③ A snowflake comes into being.
④ Water droplets freeze in the air.
A． B． C． D．
2．What② is ④the① fu③nction of pa④rag①rap②h ③4? ②①④③ ④①③②
A．To introduce a new concept. B．To offer a detailed explanation.
C．To pave the way for what follows. D．To back up a previous statement.
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Under no circumstances does the CDC advise eating snow.
B．Boiling snow can eliminate all risks associated with eating it.
C．Eating snow after it is boiled can lower one’s body temperature.
D．Consuming a small quantity of snow is unlikely to cause severe diseases.
4．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．The Hidden Dangers of Snow Ice CreamB．How to Safely Consume Snow in Emergencies
C．Is Snow Safe to Eat? What You Need to Know
D．From Cloud to Table: The Journey of a Snowflake
主题01 人与社会
Passage 1
（2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）
Locust swarms (蝗虫群) can cover hundreds of square miles, and the insects consume vast amounts of
vegetation, threatening global agriculture.
In a study, scientists identified a surprisingly simple strategy: using a nitrogen fertilizer-based (NFB, 基于氮
肥的) method to help control the pests. Nitrogen is the main building block of proteins.
In Senegal, the potential new solution lies in intervening in how locusts sustain their swarming behavior. A
high-carbohydrate diet is the key to locust swarming, as locusts rely on it to build up fat reserves that fuel population
growth and long-distance migration. In contrast, high-protein, low-carb (碳水化合物) crops are far less appealing to
the species, so planting such crops could help prevent swarming. In field tests, crop plots treated with nitrogen-based
fertilizer produced high-protein, low-carb crops.
Over several months, in central Senegal, scientists worked with 100 farmers from two villages. Each farmer
grew a grain called millet in two plots: one treated with commercial nitrogen fertilizer and the other untreated. The
scientists then surveyed the fields for pest populations and crop damage three times throughout the growing season.
They found that the fertilizer treatment significantly decreased pest populations and crop damage, while increasing
millet yield.
Daniel Gebregiorgis, a climate scientist at the Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, says that
while the method for locust management is a promising solution, its widespread use may be challenging because
outbreaks often occur in remote areas. Many locust management strategies also face difficulties with widespread
application in places with limited connectivity. Daniel emphasizes that this new research is particularly significant
since human-caused climate change is driving an increase in locust outbreaks.
Because of global warming, many regions receive above-average rainfall. Coupled with rising temperatures
and wetter soil, conditions for locust reproduction are increasingly met. Increasing storm activity makes this climateshift the key factor behind locust outbreaks. Human activities like overplanting also contribute to locust swarms.
These actions damage land and worsen soil quality, producing low-nitrogen soil that supports carb-rich plants —
plants that help locusts grow and support long-distance swarms.
1．How did scientists control locusts?
A．By changing their food supply. B．By providing them with more protein.
C．By reducing their protein intake. D．By raising their carb consumption.
2．What is the function of paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the farming process. B．To prove the method’s efficiency.
C．To compare different crop yields. D．To describe farmers’ cooperation.
3．What is Daniel’s attitude to the wide adoption of the NFB method?
A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Unclear. D．Uncertain.
4．What does the author think locust outbreaks reflect?
A．The harm of overplanting to soil. B．The overuse of chemical fertilizers.
C．The current severe climate crisis. D．The long history of human activities.
Passage 2
（2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模）
“Memory editing” sounds dark, bringing to mind threatening visions of erased histories or implanted lies. But
in the lab, the reality is gentler and far more hopeful. The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us
how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and
rebalance emotions our memories carry.
Over the past decade, this work has revealed three principles. First, memories are malleable (可塑的) when
being stored, recalled and restored. Second, they are distributed across the brain rather than in one region. Third, they
can be artificially imprinted into the brain. Each principle reframes what “memory editing” really means.
When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced
or weakened with different patterns of stimulation. Drugs, hormones or even a bit of sugar can enhance the brain’s
ability to stabilise new experiences. The same idea works in reverse. Overstimulate memory pathways, and a memory’s
strength declines; block the molecules (分子) that strengthen connections, and it weakens more.
Because memories are spread across the brain, they are also remarkably resilient. Damage to one region rarely
deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple
“drafts” of the memory. This backup system offers hope for treating Alzheimer’s: if we can strengthen undamagedroutes to a memory, we may repair pieces of identity once thought lost. Memory editing, then, isn’t about rewriting
who we are — it is about giving the brain new paths back to itself.
While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to
reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback
or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names.
Learning to reshape memory responsibly helps us heal, and the brain already edits memories every time we
revisit them. Science today is simply learning the rules.
1．What can we learn about memory editing from Paragraph 1?
A．It erases unwanted histories and lies. B．It offers potential for brain healing.
C．It facilitates painful recollection. D．It controls emotional memories.
2．What can enhance a memory’s strength?
A．Blocking the molecules that stabilise memories. B．Reducing the stimulation to brain regions.
C．Reinforcing the links between brain cells. D．Shortening the time of brain cells firing.
3．The underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “______”.
A．hard to awakenB．limited in function C．flexible in structure D．not easily destroyed
4．What is the author’s attitude towards memory editing research?
A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
Passage 3
（2026·辽宁·二模）
In a world first, a monkey with a kidney transplant from a genetically modified pig has been living healthily
for over two years, marking a significant milestone for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植). This breakthrough
offers a glimmer of hope to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide waiting for organ transplants.
The key to this success lies in precise gene editing. The pig used for the transplant was provided by eGenesis, a
biotech company. Scientists used the CRISPR-Cas9 tool to make 69 precise genetic modifications. They “knocked
out” three genes responsible for producing sugars on pig cell surfaces that would trigger an immediate attack by the
human immune system. They also added seven human genes to improve the coexistence of the pig organ with human
blood and to prevent dangerous blood clots (血块).
Beyond the genetic modifications, the recipient pig was given a combination of standard immunosuppressive
drugs (免疫抑制药物), similar to those used in human transplants, to further prevent organ rejection. The fact that
the monkey has survived with a fully functioning kidney for over two years is a massive step forward. Previousattempts at cross-species transplants often failed within weeks or months due to severe immune responses.
While this is a huge success, experts caution that there are still hurdles before this becomes a common medical
practice. The long-term effects of such transplants need further study, and there are ethical considerations surrounding
the use of animals for this purpose. However, this achievement undeniably brings the dream of an unlimited supply
of organs for transplantation closer to reality, potentially saving millions of lives in the future.
1．What is the main significance of the experiment mentioned?
A．It proves pigs are ideal organ donors.
B．It solves the problem of organ rejection completely.
C．It shows CRISPR-Cas9 is the only way to edit genes.
D．It marks a major advance in cross-species organ transplantation.
2．How did scientists prevent the pig kidney from being attacked?
A．By using a kidney from a newborn pig.
B．By using stronger immunosuppressive drugs only.
C．By raising the pig in a special germ-free environment.
D．By removing parts of pig genes and adding some human genes.
3．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Steps. B．Benefits. C．Changes. D．Challenges.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation?
A．Cautiously optimistic. B．Highly doubtful.
C．Totally indifferent. D．Entirely negative.
Passage 4
（2026·辽宁鞍山·二模）
No longer something off in the distance, the new technology is all over our screens. AI has arrived in tangible
ways, big and small. Here are a few examples of how AI connects with pop culture.
A new band called Velvet Sundown gained popularity, drawing over one million plays in just a few weeks. It
has been revealed that the band isn’t a band after all, but a synthetic (合成的) music project guided by human creative
direction, and composed, voiced, and visualized with the support of artificial intelligence. An AI-generated musician
called Solomon Ray leads the iTunes top 100 pop albums chart.
Should classics remain untouched and endure as artifacts (人工制品) of the time during which they were
created? Or should new technology be embraced as a way to make these classics relevant to new generations? Those
questions are at the center of “The Wizard of Oz”. Sphere Entertainment Company spent an estimated $80 million tomodernize the 1939 musical, teaming up with Google to make the movie large enough to fit a screen.
Building up a loyal podcast (播客) audience was traditionally a byproduct of familiarity between the host and
listeners. The same technology behind popular chatbots can now cut some of the busy work down for podcasters.
“The thing you’re listening for is a window into someone else’s consciousness. That is the whole ballgame. Some
leading podcasters have tried it out and then decided to drop it, and the big podcast publishers are also shying away
from it.” Lees said.
Tilly Norwood, a realistic-appearing AI generated actress, has sparked concern in Hollywood over job
replacement. James Cameron said, “I just want to point out we don’t use it on the ‘Avatar’ films. We honor and
celebrate actors. We don’t replace actors. I think Hollywood will be self-policing on that.”
1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 2?
A．Living artists fill up social-media feeds.
B．AI-generated musicians find success.
C．The band earns good money from plays.
D．The revelation of the band disappoints people.
2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “The Wizard of Oz”?
A．Classics should welcome AI. B．The movie is outdated.
C．The film adaptation is costly. D．Google is a reliable AI partner.
3．What can be inferred about Lees’ attitude to AI-supported podcasts?
A．Dismissive. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Disapproving.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．AI Is at the Fingertips B．AI Creates Concerns
C．AI Affects Pop Culture D．Policies on AI Are on the Way
主题02 人与自我
Passage 1
（2026·吉林长春·二模）
What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood excellence or
in lifelong dedication. Instead, the path to becoming exceptional at a skill might involve a lot more.
That’s according to recent research published in Science that seeks to reveal what it takes to do extremely well
in different performance areas, from sports to chess to classical music. Somewhat contrary to common sense, the
study authors learned, people who showed the greatest promise in their field as children rarely went on to reach thepeak of their field as adults.
The findings challenge the “10,000-hour rule”, the idea that if someone spends 10,000 hours deliberately
practicing a skill, they will master it, says Purdue University psychologist Brooke Macnamara, who co-authored the
analysis. The rule, which was popularized in Malcolm Gladwell’s 2008 book Outliers, is based on a 1993 study of
top-performing violin students. These students had each accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age
20. Yet they were not world-class performers, Macnamara points out.
“Compared with their national-class fellows who are very good but not the best, world-class performers often
started their field later,” Macnamara explains. These people tend to take part in multiple activities early on and don’t
shine in one thing at a particularly young age. “They accumulate less practice in their field and more practice in other
fields and then rise to the top relatively late,” she says.
The researchers highlight that the findings aren’t suggesting people don’t need to practice or put in effort to
become the cream of the crop. Instead they show that top adult performers tend to be “late bloomers”, Macnamara
says.
Boston University researcher Edson Filho, uninvolved in the study, notes that athletes in certain sports, such
as gymnastics, hit peak performance far earlier in life than others. And this analysis, he adds, doesn’t get into other
factors such as money and coaching that can influence who becomes the cream of the crop.
1．What do we know about the recent research?
A．It corresponds with what is widely believed.
B．It explores the length of becoming an expert.
C．It highlights the natural talent in later success.
D．It shows young talents seldom become top-ranked.
2．What sets world-class performers apart from national-class ones?
A．Early entry to a certain field. B．Former cross-field experience.
C．Enough practice accumulation. D．Signs of childhood excellence.
3．What does the underlined words “the cream of the crop” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A person of green diet.
B．A person of average level.
C．A person of outstanding ability.
D．A person of self-taught experience.
4．What is Edson Filho’s attitude towards the research findings?
A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Unclear. D．Neutral.Passage 2
（2026·辽宁名校联盟·二模）
You’re sitting in a café, and the person next to you is having a loud, animated conversation on their phone.
You’re trying to read, but your brain keeps getting pulled into their story. This is a common experience, but have you
ever wondered why overhearing a monologue (独白) is so compelling?
According to new research published in the journal Psychological Science, the reason is rooted in our brain’s
powerful ability to predict. When we listen to one half of a conversation, our brains automatically work overtime to
construct the missing half. This process, known as “mentalizing” or theory of mind, is the act of imagining the mental
state of another person — what they are thinking, feeling, and what their responses might be.
In a series of experiments, researchers played participants audio clips of either monologues (one person telling a
story) or halfalogue (one side of a phone conversation). They found that participants’ brains showed significantly
more activities in the regions associated with social reasoning when listening to the halfalogues. The brain was
actively trying to fill in the gaps, predicting what the unheard speaker was saying. This mental effort is what makes
us feel so drawn in. We’re not just hearing sound; we’re building a narrative.
This discovery has interesting implications. It explains why we find it harder to concentrate in an open-plan
office when we can hear some parts of phone calls than when we hear two people talking face-to-face. The brain is
occupied by the need to complete the puzzle. It also sheds light on why texting or messaging, which lacks tone of
voice, can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. Our brain fills in the missing emotional cues, and often it fills them
in incorrectly, projecting our own anxieties or expectations onto the texter.
So, the next time you’re annoyed by a loud talker on the bus, you can blame your own incredibly social brain.
It’s not just being nosy (好管闲事的); it’s hard at work, trying to make sense of an incomplete world.
1．What does the research reveal about hearing one side of a phone call?
A．It is less distracting than a full conversation.
B．It activates the brain’s social reasoning centers.
C．It is processed as meaningless background noise.
D．It improves our ability to focus on our own tasks.
2．Why might text messages lead to misunderstandings according to the passage?
A．People often type too quickly.
B．People prefer talking on the phone to texting.
C．The brain invents missing emotional information.D．Texting lacks the structure of a real conversation.
3．How does the author explain the research finding in paragraph 4?
A．By providing examples of its real-world effects.
B．By comparing it to previous scientific theories.
C．By listing statistical data from the experiments.
D．By describing the details of the research process.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．How to Improve Your Concentration
B．The Damaging Effects of Smartphones
C．Why We Are Drawn to Phone Conversations
D．The Difference Between Monologue and Dialogue
主题03 人与自然
Passage 1
（2026·哈师大附中吉林长春·二模）
DeepSeek, a large language model developed in China, is a landmark in AI development. Unlike earlier AI
models, DeepSeek is both high-performing and accessible. Its open-source model has created new opportunities
across sectors (行业), including in governance.
Work that once took civil servants days to complete can now be done in a matter of minutes. This leap in
productivity has not only increased efficiency, it has also reduced operational costs and enhanced openness. For
example, in Shenzhen, 70 AI-powered “civil servants” have been employed in different government departments to
assist with tasks such as drafting official documents and responding to public inquiries. In the U.S., a group of
technicians and engineers discovered an evident flaw in welfare records: a 300-year-old was still receiving benefits.
As AI becomes increasingly intelligent, does it mean we no longer need flesh-and-blood civil servants? Not
quite.
While AI will undoubtedly reduce the size of the public workforce, humans will continue to play crucial roles
— as supervisors, ethical stewards and final deciders in complex decisions. Although AI can monitor, analyze and
optimize (优化) public spending in real time, official committees will be needed to ensure that algorithmic (算法)
decisions remain in line with ethical standards and do not disadvantage weak populations. To safeguard public interest,
governments must establish ethics committees to inspect AI systems, revise regulatory frameworks, and ensure
openness.But no revolution comes without chaos. As AI assumes many traditional civil service roles, mass job
displacement could cause deep social anxiety. Questions, such as “Am I still useful if a machine can do my job?”,
will become increasingly common. Governments must be prepared to ease this social fallout by investing in mental
health services, job retraining programs and welfare support.
In sum, AI in government is not just a matter of automation; it’s about revolutionizing governance itself. If
done right, an AI-powered state can more fairly and quickly fulfill citizens’ needs. But to get there, we need to strike a
balance between efficiency and ethics, innovation and inclusion.
1．Why does the author mention two examples in paragraph 2?
A．To show AI’s wide application. B．To demonstrate AI’s existence.
C．To highlight traditional problems. D．To prove AI’s role in civil service.
2．What role will humans play in the use of AI in the public sector?
A．Developing new AI technologies. B．Replacing most public workforce jobs.
C．Supervising and ensuring ethical standards. D．Designing algorithms for real-time optimization.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI replacing human civil servants?
A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Pessimistic. D．Optimistic.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Importance of AI in Modern Government
B．How will AI Replace Humans in Government?
C．Can AI Replace Civil Servants in Government?
D．The Role of Human Management in Government.
Passage 2
（2026·吉林省G35联合体·二模）
At a recent round-table discussion hosted by The World Business Council on Sustainable Development
(WBCSD), leading innovators in carbon reduction technology discussed the practical implementation (执行) needed
to put the revised framework into practice and achieve the goal set in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming.
The discussion was hosted by Peter Bakker, President and Chief Executive Officer of WBCSD, who began by
setting the bar in terms of the important role businesses have to play. “Businesses have a critical role to play as a
source of investments and as a driver of technological development and innovation, not to mention as an engine for
economic growth and employment,” said Mr. Bakker. “We must continue to work together to seize this opportunity
to scale up the implementation of the Paris Agreement and accelerate the transition to the low-carbon economy.”However, there comes a point where innovations need to migrate off the drawing board and start to bring
change — a point which Mr. Bakker is acutely aware of. “Of course, realizing the goals will by no means be easy,”
he said. “The goals represent an ambitious agenda which in many cases will require a complete system overhaul.”
Such a change takes commitment on an individual business level, but industry-wide regulations and close
partnership were highlighted as key drivers by many of those at the discussion.
Alongside their work with businesses, the round-table discussion also highlighted the importance of keeping
climate change in the public eye and ensuring that the transition to the low-carbon economy is inclusive.
Climate change is so important to all our futures that truly long-term sustainable change requires a complete
cultural shift in the way nations think about consuming energy and resources, and about the impact this has on people
and communities. While policy makers can assert a certain degree of influence from one direction, businesses also
have a responsibility to ensure their employees and communities are prepared to meet the opportunities of the low-
carbon world. For many businesses, this means re-training, re-skilling and redeployment in order to safely manage
the transition for their workers.
1．What role should businesses play according to Mr. Bakker?
A．Policy makers. B．Cultural innovators.
C．Green advocates. D．Resource developers.
2．Which word can explain the underlined word “overhaul” in paragraph 3?
A．Explanation. B．Reform. C．Standard. D．Analysis.
3．What did many attendees of the discussion consider important?
A．Investment. B．Cooperation. C．Investigation. D．Employment.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Technology can ensure a smooth transition.
B．The government should lead retraining programs.
C．Businesses have reduced the impacts of climate change.
D．Employees’ livelihood matters in addressing climate change.
