ARTICLE · 1335904
初中英语三大从句这样学很轻松
你家孩子是不是也这样：
单选题一考从句就丢分，完形填空里看到长句子就发懵，作文里只会写"I think…"这种简单的句子？
别急，今天咱们把初中英语最让人头大的三大从句——宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句，掰开揉碎讲清楚。看完这篇，孩子至少能多拿5分。
一、宾语从句：别被"套娃"绕晕了
什么是宾语从句？
简单说：一个句子当了另一个动词的"宾语"。
比如：
• I know that he is a student.（我知道他是个学生。）
• 划线部分就是一个完整的句子，但它充当了know的宾语 → 宾语从句。
三大考点，一个都不能少
①引导词怎么选？
情况 | 引导词 | 例子 |
陈述句 | that（无意义可省略） | I think (that) you are right. |
一般疑问句 | if / whether（是否） | I wonder if he will come. |
特殊疑问句 | 原来的疑问词（what/who/when…） | Please tell me where the station is. |
⚠️ 易错点：if和whether不是完全通用的！
• 后面跟or not时，用whether → I don't know whether or not he will come.
• 介词后面，用whether → It depends on whether it rains.
② 语序永远是陈述句语序！
这是丢分重灾区！孩子最容易犯的错：
❌ 错误 | ✅ 正确 |
I don't know what is he doing. | I don't know what he is doing. |
Can you tell me where is the bank? | Can you tell me where the bank is? |
口诀：不管前面怎么问，从句里面"主语+谓语"排排坐。
③ 时态要"降级"
主句是过去时，从句也要跟着"往后退一格"：
从句原时态变到过去时
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
一般将来时→过去将来时
现在完成时→过去完成时
例子：
• He says he is happy. → He said he was happy.
• She thinks it will rain. → She thought it would rain.
⚠️ 例外：客观真理不变！
• The teacher said the earth goes（不是went）around the sun.
二、状语从句：给句子加"特效"
什么是状语从句？
用一个句子来修饰主句的动词、形容词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等。
初中最常考的6种：
类型 | 引导词 | 例子 |
时间 | when, while, as, before, after, since, until | I was reading when he came in. |
原因 | because, since, as | He stayed home because he was ill. |
条件 | if, unless | If it rains, we will stay home. |
目的 | so that, in order that | He got up early so that he could catch the bus. |
结果 | so…that…, such…that… | He was so tired that he fell asleep. |
让步 | though, although, even if | Although it was cold, he went out. |
三大易错点
① because和so不能连用！
中文说"因为…所以…"，英文里二选一：
❌ 错误✅ 正确
Because it rained, so I stayed home. Because it rained, I stayed home. / It rained, so I stayed home.
② until的用法：肯定和否定完全不一样
• 肯定句：动作持续到某时（"一直到"）
◦ He waited until I came back.（他一直等到我回来。）
• 否定句：not…until = "直到…才"
◦ He didn't leave until I came back.（直到我回来他才走。）
③ 时间状语从句的"主将从现"
主句是将来时，时间/条件状语从句里用一般现在时表将来：
❌ 错误✅ 正确
I will call you when I will arrive. I will call you when I arrive.
If it will rain, we will cancel.If it rains, we will cancel.
三、定语从句：给名词"贴标签"
什么是定语从句？
用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词，这个被修饰的词叫"先行词"。
比如：
• I like the book that you gave me.
• 划线部分修饰book → 定语从句，book就是先行词。
关系词怎么选？（核心考点）
先行词 | 关系词 | 例子 |
人 | who/ whom（宾语）/ whose（定语） | The boy who is standing there is my brother. |
物/事 | which / that | The book which I bought yesterday is interesting. |
时间 | when | I remember the day when we first met. |
地点 | where | This is the school where I studied. |
原因 | why | That's the reason why he left. |
三大易错点
① 关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略
• The book (that) I bought yesterday is interesting. → that可以省略
• 但做主语时不能省略！
◦ The book I bought yesterday is interesting.（省略没问题，因为bought缺宾语）
◦ ❌ The book is interesting was bought yesterday.（缺主语that，必须留！）
② that和which不是随便换的
只能用that的情况（考试最爱考）：
1. 先行词是all, something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词
◦ I will tell you everything that I know.
2. 先行词被序数词/最高级修饰
◦ This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词既有人又有物
◦ We talked about the people and the things that we remembered.
只能用which的情况：
• 介词提前时 → The house in which he lives is old.（不能写in that）
四、三大从句对比总结表（建议收藏）
从句类型 | 作用 | 引导词 | 最易错点 |
宾语从句 | 当宾语 | that/if/whether/疑问词 | 语序、时态降级 |
状语从句 | 当状语（修饰动作） | when/because/if/so that… | 主将从现、because不连用so |
定语从句 | 修饰名词 | who/which/that/where… | 关系词省略、that vs which |
五、实战小测验（答案见评论区置顶）
1. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
2. I will call you as soon as I ______ (arrive) in Beijing.
3. This is the school ______ I studied 10 years ago.
4. He said that the earth ______ (go) around the sun.
5. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
看到这里，是不是觉得三大从句也没那么可怕了？
其实初中英语语法就那么多坑，从句占了丢分的大头。把这篇收藏起来，让孩子反复看两遍，考试至少多拿5分不是问题。
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