文档内容
普通高中教科书
必修
第二册普通高中教科书
必修
第二册
主 编：陈 琳
北京主 编：陈 琳
副 主 编：张连仲
编 者：刘 晓 李陆桂 张京生 钱建源 徐 浩 雷传利
（按照姓氏笔画排序）
项目策划：王 芳 王 勇
项目负责：张黎新 郎 崧 张 涛
基础教育出版分社：
地 址：北京市西三环北路19号 外研社大厦 基础教育出版分社(100089)
咨询电话：(010)88819117/88819688
传 真：(010)88819423前 言
本教材是外语教学与研究出版社根据教育部制定的《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》，在充分
调研和科学论证的基础上推出的中小学“一条龙”英语教材——《英语》（新标准）的高中部分。
本教材的主编为北京外国语大学陈琳教授，副主编为张连仲教授，编写团队包括国内高校的知名专家
学者、教研人员和一线教师。陈琳教授秉承周恩来总理提出的“一条龙”外语教学理念，总结自己从事
外语教育工作70年的经验，提出了符合中国外语教育实践的教育理论——辩证实践外语教育途径，并在
《英语》（新标准）教材中贯彻实施。
根据教育部2017年新课程标准的精神，我们启动了《英语》（新标准）高中教材的修订工作。本次
修订全面依托新课程标准要求，坚持陈琳教授的特色理论，由陈琳教授、张连仲教授指导编写团队，在充
分考虑我国英语教育实际学情和教情的前提下，进行了全面的框架重建和内容设计，保证了理论与实践的
紧密结合。
《英语》（新标准）高中教材共分10册：1—3册为必修课程教材，4—7册为选择性必修课程教材，
8—10册为选修课程中的提高类教材。
必修课程教材具备良好的体系性、延伸性和接续性，能够帮助学生根据自己的需求不断提升个性化的
语言能力，确保学生达到高中毕业基本要求，为日后进入选择性必修课程打下坚实的基础。《英语》（新标
准）必修课程教材的主要特色如下：
一、坚持立德树人根本任务。在教材的选材、内容、语言等各个方面突出学科的育人本质，帮助学生更好
地培育中国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。
二、突出学科核心素养的重要性，全面培养学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力，帮助学生
逐步形成正确的价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。
三、坚持理论与实践的辩证关系。从语言实践的角度设计教材的主题架构、内容结构直至每一项具体活
动，确保有实践、可实践，并通过实践促进提升，帮助学生形成素养，发展素养。
四、遵循“理解—发展—实践”的原则，以“主题”为纲设计单元任务，重要题材在各册教材中均得到体
现，且内容逐步扩展加深、螺旋式上升，符合语言教学规律。
五、语篇题材多样、体裁丰富，语言地道鲜活、难度适中，符合学生的兴趣特点，同时能够提升学生的语
篇意识，丰富语言感知与学习体验，有利于学生通过与主题语篇互动，培养在获取信息、处理信息、
重构信息过程中的逻辑思维、多元思维和批判性思维。
六、活动设计紧密围绕主题语境，注重整合语言技能和学习技能，充分体现了英语学习活动观；同时强调
交际情境的真实性和丰富性，帮助学生掌握语言技能、建构完善的知识基础，在实践中逐步形成交际
能力。
七、强调学习策略的培养，鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作、探究等方式，利用各种学习资源完成
学习任务，解决学习中的困难，从而形成自主学习能力。
八、突出文化意识（尤其是跨文化意识）的建构与发展。通过介绍及比较中外文化，帮助学生更好地理解
文化异同，学会理解和包容不同文化，提升道路自信、文化自信，将文化知识内化为正确的文化价值
观和有利于国家和个人发展的跨文化态度与意识。
九、为教师编写了流程清晰、内容丰富的教师用书，帮助教师快速理解教材内容和相关背景知识，明确教
学目标，掌握教学节奏；同时开发了配套的网络教材和其他多媒体配套资源，丰富课程资源，拓展教
学模式。
我们希望，《英语》（新标准）高中必修课程教材能够初步培养学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质
和学习能力等英语学科核心素养，为他们继续学习英语和终身发展打下坚实的基础。
《英语》（新标准）系列教材
高中阶段编委会Scope and sequence
Using language
Understanding
Unit Starting out
ideas Grammar Vocabulary
Video: A child of two cuisines Modals (1) Food comments
A taste of China
P1
Food for thought
Project: Surveying eating habits P73
Video: The real Father Modals (2) Lantern Festival
Seasonal Christmas celebrations
celebrations
P13
Let’s celebrate!
Project: Making a poster about a festival P74
Video: A game for the world to-infinitive as Exercises you can
Popular sports attributive and do anywhere
in the UK adverbial of result
P25
On the move
Project: Organising a team sport event P75
Video: When Hamlet meets -ing as adverbial Types of TV
The theatres Peking Opera programme
that time never
P37
forgot
Stage and screen
Project: Acting out a short play P76
Video: Blogging Australia -ing as attributive Planning a trip
The top
five tourist
P49
destinations
On the road
Project: Making a travel brochure about a country P77
Video: Sharks: dangerous or -ing and -ed as Dealing with
Save life on endangered? complement global warming
Earth
P61
Earth first
Project: Campaigning for a greener school P78
Appendices Communication bank P81 Vocabulary P120
Learning aid P88 Names and places P129
Words and expressions P112Self-assessment
Developing ideas
Presenting
Listening and Speaking Reading Writing ideas
Healthy eating Cold truths Writing a recipe Making
recommendation
Function: Learning to learn:
Persuading others Visual clues to UNESCO’s List of
Intangible Cultural
Learning to learn:
Heritage
Giving advice
A festival invitation Time for a change? Writing a letter to Creating your own
express ideas special day
Function: Learning to learn:
Extending and accepting an invitation Facts and opinions
Learning to learn:
Identifying key information in an
invitation
Traditional sports in China Running into a better life Writing a sports Recommending a
story sport for your PE
Function: Learning to learn:
class
Giving explanations Understanding charts and
graphs
Learning to learn:
Identifying key information in an
interview
Watching a performance Good book, bad movie? Writing a movie Recommending a
review performance
Function: Learning to learn:
Making arrangements Using examples
Learning to learn:
Using stress for emphasis
Visiting a new place Coast to coast Writing a postcard Introducing a tourist
destination
Function: Learning to learn:
Asking for and giving information Using pronouns to connect
information
Learning to learn:
Using a map
Environmental problems to be solved What’s really green? Writing a Doing a carbon
persuasive letter footprint survey
Function: Learning to learn:
Interrupting politely Skimming subheadings
Learning to learn:
Polite interruption
Reflection致 同 学
同学们，欢迎大家继续学习《英语》（新标准）高中教材！
由教育部制定并颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》明确规定：普通高中英语课程
作为一门学习及运用英语语言的课程，与义务教育阶段的课程相衔接，旨在为学生继续学习英语和
终身发展打下良好基础。普通高中英语课程强调对学生语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力
的综合培养。也就是说，发展学科素养是同学们高中阶段英语学习的方向和目标。经过必修课程教
材第一册的学习，大家对高中阶段英语的学习已有了基本认识，并取得了一定的进步。在此基础上，
同学们应该对自己的学习目标提出更高的要求。
《英语》（新标准）高中必修课程教材遵循“为用而学，在用中学，在学中用，学而能用”的原
则，为同学们提供了语言地道、优美的阅读文章和灵活多样的学习活动，力图使大家逐步获得独立
学习和自主学习的能力。
必修课程教材第二册进一步展开话题，从饮食文化、节日传统，到体育与健康、戏剧与影视，
再到旅行与环保，帮助大家加深对人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境的认识，进一步发
展英语学科核心素养。本册共六个单元，单元结构如下：
（1） 背景激活（Starting out）
该板块旨在激活同学们已有的背景知识和语言知识。我们把“看”（viewing）的活动作为
预热和导入，通过视频、文字、图片、表格等多模态语篇，帮助同学们更好地了解本单元
主题。
（2） 主题理解（Understanding ideas）
该板块通过语篇和阅读活动聚焦核心语言、结构，帮助大家在达成主题理解、实现语言形
式与意义深度加工的同时培养文化意识和思维品质。
（3） 功能运用（Using language）
该板块是对语言技能的综合学习和运用。通过语法、词汇及听说三个部分的大量语言实践
活动，发展大家的语言技能，为真实生活中的语言交际做好铺垫。
（4） 思维拓展（Developing ideas）
该板块为大家提供新的阅读语篇，从不同角度进一步呈现单元话题，调动大家的逻辑思维、
批判性思维和创造思维，并以一项读写结合的活动来检验大家前述学习活动的成果。
（5） 观点表达（Presenting ideas）
该板块主要以讨论、评选、演讲、辩论等口头表达形式进一步促进同学们对所学内容的复
习与掌握。开放或半开放性的活动有利于大家彼此合作，展示个性，充分表达自己对主题
思想的理解和认识。
（6） 自我反思（Reflection）
该板块列出了本单元话题下可以实现的学习目标，通过自我评价和总结的方式，帮助大家
反思自己的学习成果，进而认识到自己的进步与不足，逐步培养自主学习的能力。
（7） 项目实践（Project）
该板块提供真实的语境和任务，每个项目活动均由小组合作完成，力求培养大家获取信息、
相互合作、学以致用的能力。
我们希望同学们通过使用本教材，全面提高综合语言运用能力，发展英语学科的核心素养，成
为具有中国情怀、国际视野和跨文化沟通能力的社会主义建设者和接班人。Food for thought
U
N
I
T
p
a
s
t
a
Starting out
1 Watch the video and answer
the questions.
m
1 What different types of food are aple syrup
introduced in the video?
2 Have you ever tried any of the food in
curry
the video? What did you think of it?
n
salad
a
e
2 Match the food to the countries on b
k
the map and answer the questions. c
a
l
1 Have you ever tried any of the food in b
the pictures? Which would you most
like to try?
2 What food from other countries have
you tried?
m
u
m
s
di
s
p
hi
d
c
n
f
sh
a
1Understanding ideas
1 Tick the food you would like to try and see
how adventurous you are.
black pudding: a type of dark sausage mainly
1 Growing up in England with a British
made from pig’s blood and fat, famous in the
father and a Chinese mother, I’ve enjoyed
UK and some other parts of Europe
food from both countries ever since I
blue cheese: a type of cheese with blue lines
was able to hold a knife and fork – and
in it, popular in Europe and well-known for
chopsticks!
its strong taste
haggis: a Scottish dish made from the liver,
2 Mum has sweet memories of the food from
heart and lungs of a sheep
her home town in Sichuan, and often cooks
fried spider: a popular snack in some parts of
spicy dishes. Thanks to this, Dad has come
South-east Asia
to love hot pot! But there are still some
dishes that Dad dare not try even after
many years of marriage to my mother. He
once told me he was surprised by what he
saw on the table when he first visited my
mother’s parents in China. He was even
shocked at their wedding when he saw
A
Child of
Two
Cuisines
2 Read the passage and talk about your
understanding of the title.
2 UNIT 1how the Chinese ate almost every part of an I came across stinky tofu, a horrible grey
animal. Even today, he still does not easily thing that looked and smelt like a burnt
take to eating things like chicken feet. sports shoe. “You needn’t try it if you don’t
want to,” Mum said, but I gathered all my
3 But I enjoy that sort of food myself. Last courage to take a bite and was amazed to
week, I went to the butcher’s and asked, find it wasn’t so bad. It reminded me of blue
“Do you have pigs’ ears?” “No,” the butcher cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of
said, pulling at his own ears, “just these food you either love or hate. Maybe I’ll fall
ordinary ones.” He must have thought I was in love with stinky tofu – someday.
joking.
6 People say that one man’s meat is another
4 Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast” man’s poison, but I feel at home with
of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages and toast food from both my cultures. To me,
with butter – Mum and I just have to find there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural
a way to get him into the kitchen! He also afternoon tea of English biscuits
does a typical Sunday roast. We all love roast and a cup of Chinese oolong tea
beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d in a fine china cup!
better not eat too much roast food as it may
make us suffer from heat inside our bodies,
according to traditional Chinese medicine.
5 I’ll never forget my first visit to China. Mum
encouraged me to try different kinds of
food, and I did! I loved everything.
But just when I thought I
could deal with all
Chinese food,
Food for thought 33 Choose the main idea of the passage.
1 How the family stays healthy by eating Chinese food.
2 What the family has done to promote Chinese food.
3 How the family cooks both Chinese and English food.
4 How the family combines food from two cultures.
4 Choose the correct symbols and complete the table with information from
the passage.
Mum Dad Son
Opinion N/A N/A N/A
Sichuan
Supporting
hot pot
details
Opinion N/A N/A N/A
Animal parts
Supporting
details
Opinion N/A N/A N/A
Full English
Supporting
breakfast
details
Opinion N/A N/A N/A
Sunday roast
Supporting
details
Opinion N/A N/A N/A
Stinky tofu
Supporting
details
Think & Share
1 What does the author mean by saying “one man’s meat is
another man’s poison”? Do you know of any similar sayings in Chinese?
2 What food from other regions in China or other countries has made an
impression on you? Why?
4 UNIT 1Using language
Modals (1)
1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage. Think 2 Underline the modals in the
and work out the meanings of the words in bold. introduction to an app and talk
about their meanings.
a … I was able to hold a knife and fork – and chopsticks!
b But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try
even after many years of marriage to my mother.
c … Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into 87%
the kitchen!
Healthy Eating Trainer
d … we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may Health & Fitness
make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, …
Download
e “You needn’t try it if you don’t want to,” Mum said, … (96)
Details Reviews Related
Now talk about the function of modals. Then match the
If you dare not try a “painful” diet to
meanings to the words in bold above. stay healthy, this new app is the perfect
solution – and you needn’t pay for it!
1 be afraid to do something
The app works by quickly showing
2 not be necessary to do something
photos of different food. All you have
3 give advice to do or not to do something to do is select the photos of healthy
food. Then you’ll be able to train your
4 be necessary or give strong advice to do something
brain to select healthy food in real
5 have the ability to do something
situations. So, if you’re a sugar addict
and aren’t able to say no to chocolate
3 Complete the tips for good table manners with the or cola, you had better download
it now! Soon, you’ll be filling your
correct form of the modals in Activity 1.
cupboards with real healthy food.
While going on your first trip to the UK is exciting,
new and different customs can also be confusing.
Table manners are no exception. But don’t worry –
here are some tips:
• You 1 wait until everyone else has been served before you start eating.
• Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you 2 pick them up in case
you get it wrong. The trick is to start with the ones on the outside.
• When you finish your meal, you 3 place the knife and fork together on your plate
with the handles at the four o’clock position.
Table manners, however, can differ in different situations.
For example, you 4 use a knife and fork
when eating a hamburger or pizza. Just remember:
when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and you
will 5 enjoy the local cuisine!
Food for thought 5Food comments
4 Read and match the comments to the pictures.
a
1 Backyard BBQ, Kansas City, US
56 reviews
The most tender steak I’ve ever had! The barbecue gives it
that famous smoky flavour, and it comes with a shiny sauce
that’s very, very spicy!
b
2 Bund 59, Shanghai, China
98 reviews
A bowl of soup with a large, round meatball! The meatball is
cooked through, which looked slightly pink inside. Incredibly
soft and juicy – it melts in the mouth!
c
3 Antonio’s Pizzeria, London, UK
86 reviews
Worst pizza ever! I ordered a large vegetarian pizza, but it
was tiny! It was served cold and came with some sort of
sticky sauce which tasted bitter and smelt really fishy! The
waiter even spilled some beer on me!
d
4 Madame Laurent’s Bakery, Paris, France
95 reviews
You’ve got to try the strawberry cheesecake. It’s smooth and
creamy with fresh strawberries, which give it a lovely sweet
and fruity taste. Highly recommended!
5 Underline the words that describe food in Activity 4 and put them into the table.
Add any more you can think of.
Appearance Smell Taste Feel
6 Work in pairs. Talk about your favourite food using the words you have learnt.
A: What’s your favourite food?
B: My favourite food is...
A: How does it look / smell / taste / feel?
B: It looks / smells / tastes / feels…
…
6 UNIT 1Healthy eating
8 Listen again and complete the notes.
• The sugar in soft drinks forms acid and
attacks our teeth for about 20 minutes
Food and drinks
each time we drink them.
Janet wants Harriet’s views
• About 30% of the world’s population to order
is overweight.
salad with • a lot of sugar,
Did You Know ?
dressing 1 and
7 Listen to the conversation and tick the food unhealthy 2
and drinks ordered.
fruit juice • just a small 3
of real fruit in it
• has as much sugar as
4
fat-free yoghurt • a lot of sugar to improve
the 5 , which
can be 6
a salad without
a salad with
dressing
dressing
Now talk about what Harriet says to persuade
Janet. Listen again if necessary.
9 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to
persuade a customer to buy a new mixed fruit
drink.
a glass of
Student A: Turn to Page 81.
water
a glass of
juice yoghurt Student B: Turn to Page 84.
10 Work in pairs. Think of a similar situation and
have a conversation.
Learning to learn
When giving advice, it’s usual to give your opinion
within your first sentence. This makes the listener
more interested in what you are saying. Here are
some examples: Not a good idea. Did you know that…?
a glass of a double hamburger
cola with French fries Sorry, but there’s a problem with…
Food for thought 7Developing ideas
1 Work in pairs. Talk about what you usually eat
for dinner and decide who eats more healthily. Cold Truths
2 Read the passage and match the pictures of
the fridges to their owners.
a b
e
c d
8 UNIT 1Healthy You!
Ted 35
Construction worker
Each day at the construction site
Is there any truth behind the saying “You are is more or less the same – tiring!
what you eat”? We put this to the test by asking When I get back home, there’s nothing more
five people to open their fridge doors and talk satisfying than a big meat dinner. I guess
about their lifestyles. Can you guess which I’ve always been a big meat eater and in this
fridge belongs to which person? Maybe you can house, no family meal is complete without
recognise your own fridge here! some form of meat. I still don’t think that
anything can beat my mum’s homemade
sausages, though.
Ellie 24
Mike 49
Junior doctor
Chef
There’s not enough room
With five children, we’re one big
to swing a cat in my small
family! My wife and I both work
apartment, so I don’t cook very often. My
full-time, so life can get pretty busy! Like a
fridge is usually half empty and I’m often
lot of chefs I know, I don’t really do much
too tired to eat much anyway. I often end up
cooking at home. Sometimes I bring home
saving part of my meal for the next day.
food from the restaurant where I work. Once
Some evenings, I’ll just have something quick,
a week, we do a big shop and buy a lot of
like toast, or even just a yoghurt with honey.
frozen food. I know we should eat more fresh
As a doctor, I know I had better change the
fruit and vegetables, but ready meals are so
way I eat, but I just don’t have the time or the
convenient.
energy right now.
Max 19
Jenny 31
College student
Teacher
There are five of us living in
My husband and I avoid all
our shared student house. My
products that come from
mum says I need to have three healthy meals
animals. This means we don’t eat meat,
a day, but I’m too busy studying and meeting
and any milk or cheese had better be dairy-
friends! We don’t really buy fresh food, and I
free. We like cooking at home and make
suppose the fridge could be kind of cleaner…
our meals from fresh, seasonal fruit and
I daren’t let my mum see this photo!
vegetables. Cooking together gives us a
chance to relax and catch up on each other’s
Learning to learn
days. If we have children, I want to bring
Visual information, such as photos and illustrations, can
them up just like us, but my husband says
support reading and help you identify the theme and
that everyone should be able to make their
content of a text. Make the most of these images to
own lifestyle choices.
look for clues to help you understand the text.
Food for thought 9a
3 Find out who might say the sentences below.
1 “There is a lot of food from my workplace in our fridge.”
2 “You might find bean products in our fridge, but hamburgers?
Never!”
3 “My fridge is a total mess! All I do is party and hit the books.”
Ellie 4 “There isn’t really much in my fridge. I’m just too busy and
tired to cook at home!”
5 “If you’re someone who avoids animal products, you wouldn’t
b
find anything to eat in my fridge!”
Think & Share
1 What do you think the saying “You
are what you eat” means?
2 Do you know of any Chinese sayings about food and
Jenny
health? What is your understanding of them?
3 Which person’s eating habits are most similar to yours?
c
4 What can you do to improve your eating habits from
now on?
4 Work in groups. Make comments and suggestions about the lifestyle
of each person in the passage.
1 Discuss the lifestyle of each person. Use the table to make notes.
Ted
Name Lifestyle
d
Mike
e
2 Organise your ideas following the steps below.
• Describe the lifestyle of each person in the passage.
Max • Explain the possible problems with their lifestyles.
• Make suggestions about how they can improve their lifestyles.
3 Share your ideas with the class.
10 UNIT 1Writing a recipe
5 Read the food blog and answer the questions.
Gong Bao Chicken (also known as Kung Pao Chicken)
was originally a family dish of Ding Baozhen, or Ding
Gongbao, a high-ranking court official of the Qing
Dynasty who helped reconstruct the Dujiangyan
Irrigation System in Chengdu, Sichuan. Over the years,
it has become one of the most popular dishes in Chinese
restaurants throughout the world.
The combination of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours
makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist. What’s more,
it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes.
So, don’t forget to pick up some chicken on your way home and try this recipe out!
RECIPE
Ingredients Instructions
chicken breast ··························300g 1 Heat the oil over a high heat.
roasted peanuts ·························50g 2 When the oil is hot, add the chillies and
small pieces of dried tofu ···········50g stir them for about 30 seconds.
cooking oil ·························2 spoons 3 Add the spring onions and stir them
dried chillies ····························5 or 6 for about 30 seconds.
spring onions ····················a handful 4 Add the chicken and cook it through.
soy sauce ························1 teaspoon 5 Add the soy sauce, vinegar and sugar.
vinegar ···························1 teaspoon 6 Add the peanuts and dried tofu and
sugar ····························2 teaspoons cook for another 1 to 2 minutes.
salt ·································1 teaspoon 7 Season with salt and serve.
1 What is the origin of 6 Think of your favourite dish and complete the recipe.
Gong Bao Chicken?
My favourite dish:
2 What are the two main
Ingredients:
parts of a recipe?
3 How do you cook Gong
Bao Chicken? Describe Instructions:
the process in your own
words.
7 Share your recipe with the class. Try cooking the dish at home.
Food for thought 11Presenting ideas
1 Look at the food and drink on the list of China’s 2 Work in groups. Talk about your
Intangible Cultural Heritage and think of other typical recommendation following the
ones you know. Recommend one you wish to add to the steps below.
UNESCO list. 1 Say what food or drink you would
like to recommend.
green tea
2 Give a description of it.
3 State why you would like to
mooncake
recommend it.
roast duck
Now discuss and decide on a
winning food or drink.
3 Present your food or drink to the
class. Use the expressions in the box
Food / Drink
to help you.
Description Useful expressions
• We would like to recommend…
• It comes from…
• It is famous for…
Reasons for recommendation
• It looks / tastes / smells…
• We recommend it because…
Reflection
1 After completing this unit, I can rate my 2 I’ve learnt to make use of the following
performance 1 (excellent), 2 (good) or words and expressions:
3 (in need of improvement).
express opinions about food
encourage others to develop healthy eating habits
understand how different lifestyles can affect
people’s diets 3 I still need to improve:
write a recipe for my favourite dish
appreciate different food cultures
12 UNIT 1Let’s celebrate!
U
N
I
T
Dragon Boat Festival celebrations take
Starting out
place in China on the fifth day of the fifth
lunar month. They are held in memory of
Qu Yuan, a poet and statesman in Ancient
1 Watch the video and answer China. It was the first traditional Chinese
the questions. festival added to UNESCO’s List of
1 What festivals are mentioned in Intangible Cultural Heritage.
the video?
2 Why do people celebrate these
Thanksgiving is celebrated mainly
festivals?
in North America, in October or
November. Traditionally, it was a chance
2 Read the festival descriptions and
to give thanks for a good harvest. Now,
complete the sentences.
it is also a time for families to get
______________ is to celebrate the harvest.
together for a big dinner.
______________ is to celebrate a season.
______________ is to honour an event.
May Day is a festival to celebrate
______________ is to honour a person.
the start of summer, with
celebrations held across Europe
3 Work in groups. Talk about：
and in parts of North America.
• other festivals of each type
People prepare decorations
• other reasons to celebrate a festival
with flowers and dance around
maypoles.
Freedom Day is held every year on
27 April to celebrate South Africa’s
first fully-participated
elections
in 1994, in which everyone was
allowed to vote regardless of skin
colour. It celebrates the end of
racial inequality in the country.
13Understanding ideas
1 Read the introduction to Tolkien and answer
the questions.
J.R.R. Tolkien (1892–1973)
was an English writer, poet and
university professor, best known as
the author of some of the world’s 1 Many people still remember the magic of
most popular high-fantasy novels. Father Christmas from when they were
With his limitless imagination, he children. As parents, they try to keep that
created new worlds for his readers magic alive for their children for as long as
to explore. His novels The Hobbit they can.
and The Lord of the Rings have
been made into films. 2 That is why Letters from Father Christmas
could be the perfect book for those who
regard Christmas as a special time of year.
1 Have you ever read any of Tolkien’s books or The man who wrote these letters is one
seen any of the films based on them? What of the most famous names in English
do you think of them? literature – J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The
2 What else do you know about Tolkien? Find Lord of the Rings. The letters were Tolkien’s
out more about him and share your research way of keeping Father Christmas alive for
with the class. his four children, over a period of more
than twenty years.
2 Read the passage and find out what Letters
from Father Christmas is about and why 3 Every Christmas, an envelope with a North
Tolkien wrote these letters. Pole stamp arrived. It was addressed to
14 UNIT 2Book Review
The Real
Father
Christmas
Tolkien’s children. Who could it be from? receive their presents if they were not good.
The children must have been very excited The letters did, however, change as Tolkien’s
as they opened it. Inside, they would find a children got older:
handwritten letter from Father Christmas.
The letters were also beautifully illustrated – ... but if you find that not many of the things
each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, you asked for have come, and not perhaps
a long time to complete. quite as many as sometimes, remember that
this Christmas all over the world there are a
4 The letters told wonderful stories about Father terrible number of poor and starving people.
Christmas’s life and adventures at the North
Pole. A regular character in the letters was 5 Letters from Father Christmas tells us that
Polar Bear, who once climbed the North Pole as well as enjoying the adventures of Father
(an actual pole in this case) and fell through the Christmas, Polar Bear and other characters at
roof of Father Christmas’s house. In another the North Pole, we can all share the true spirit
letter, Father Christmas complained about how of giving at Christmas time. By expressing
he could not stop his helpers playing games love for his children in such a special way,
with the toys instead of wrapping them up. Tolkien may indeed have been the real
Interestingly, the letters did not contain the Father Christmas.
usual warnings to children that they might not
Let’s celebrate! 153 Choose the sentence that best explains the title of
the passage.
1 The real Father Christmas was actually Tolkien himself.
2 Tolkien is the real Father Christmas, because he wrote
letters using the name “Father Christmas”.
3 Tolkien’s love and care for his children made him very
like Father Christmas.
4 Complete the notes with expressions from the passage.
Title of the book: 1_________________________
Author: 2_________________________
Background information:
Every Christmas, Tolkien’s children would get an envelope
with 3_________________________. Inside it, they would find
4_________________________. Of course, the letters were written
by Tolkien.
Contents of the letters:
They tell wonderful stories about 5_________________________.
In one letter, Polar Bear 6_________________________ and
7_________________________ of Father Christmas’s house.
In another letter, Father Christmas complained about
8_________________________ with the toys.
Think & Share
1 Would you like to read the book Letters from Father
Christmas? Give your reasons.
2 What is the most special gift you have received from your family? Why is it
special to you?
16 UNIT 2Using language
Modals (2)
1 Look at the sentences from the reading 2 Rewrite the underlined sentences in the
passage and answer the questions. conversation using can / could, may / might
and must.
a That is why Letters from Father Christmas
could be the perfect book…
(At a fancy dress party.)
b The children must have been very excited
Chris: I spent ages putting up all the balloons
as they opened it.
and flowers last night.
c … they might not receive their presents if
Jean: I expect you are feeling tired now!
they were not good.
Chris: Yes, I am. Look, that guy is dressed
1 What do the words in bold indicate: an order, as Batman. Is that Mike?
a request, ability or possibility? Jean: It’s possibly him. Check out that girl
2 Will the meaning of sentence (a) change if we over there dressed as a bride. I’m sure
replace “could” with “must” or “might”? that’s Lucy.
3 What happens if we change “must” and Chris: No, I don’t think that’s Lucy. Lucy isn’t
“might” in sentences (b) and (c) into “could”? that tall.
Jean: Look at those two guys dressed as
Now look for more sentences with modals in
chickens! Oh, they’re
the reading passage.
waving at us! Maybe
they’re from our school.
Chris: Let’s go and find out.
3 Look at the picture and make as many sentences as possible using can / could,
may / might and must.
The customers must
have got up very early.
Black Friday is one of
the busiest shopping
days of the year. Stores
have big sales and open
their doors very early.
Let’s celebrate! 17Lantern Festival celebrations
4 Underline the words and expressions about celebrations during the Lantern Festival in the speech
bubbles and complete the mind map. Add any more you can think of.
To celebrate the Lantern
In our restaurant, we Festival, we decorate our
offer Western dinners windows with balloons
and desserts. But to Today, I gave and posters. We’ll hold a
celebrate this festival, we my aunt some lantern riddles competition,
The lantern fair attracts
prepare Chinese dishes, flowers and a too. Come and join us!
a lot of people, so it’s
too. Rice balls are very scarf. I received
one of the busiest times
popular. a red envelope
of year for the traffic
from her.
police. We do our best
to help the traffic police
keep everyone safe.
The fireworks will start at 8:00 this
evening in Renmin Square...
Things
we give / receive
Food
Activities
Celebrations
Decorations
5 Describe a festival celebration using the words and expressions you have learnt.
To celebrate…, we often drink / eat…, give… as gifts, decorate with…
18 UNIT 2A festival invitation
7 Listen again and complete the notes.
Occasion: a 1_________________ party
Traditionally, people send written
When: the fourth 2_________________ in
invitations for formal events such as
3_________________
weddings. Similarly, these invitations are
answered in writing. For more informal Where: Tony's 4_________________
events, however, spoken invitations are
more common. What to eat: a 5_________________ with all the
Remember to arrive on time if you side dishes and homemade 6_________________
accept the invitation. Depending on
regional customs, it may be acceptable
What to bring: some flowers or 7_________________
to be 15 to 30 minutes late. It is not
What to wear: 8_________________
advisable to be early, as the host may
not be ready.
Did You Know ?
6 Listen to the conversation and
complete the sentences with the
correct ending. Now talk about what the speakers say to extend
1 Tony would like to _____. and accept an invitation. Listen again if necessary.
2 Hugo wants to find out _____.
3 On that day they will _____. 8 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about
extending and accepting an invitation.
a go to Hugo’s apartment to Student A: Turn to Page 81.
give thanks Student B: Turn to Page 85.
b invite Hugo to his apartment to
celebrate Thanksgiving 9 Work in pairs. Think about a similar situation and
c what he needs to bring to the party have a conversation.
d what he should say at the party
e go shopping together and watch Learning to learn
the parade
When you are extending or accepting an invitation, pay special
f watch an American football game
attention to the following information: the date and time, what
on TV
to bring, where to meet, etc.
Let’s celebrate! 19Developing ideas
1 Look at the pictures and talk about Social Insights
Chinese Spring Festival traditions.
A family dinner is an important tradition to celebrate
Spring Festival. Nowadays, some people choose to have
the dinner in a restaurant, but not everyone is keen on
this idea. What do our readers think?
Dear Editor,
1 We have eaten out for the Spring Festival family dinner
for the last three years, and we have enjoyed it no less
than eating at home. I don’t understand why some
people refuse to embrace the change.
2 Can’t they admit that the preparations for the dinner are
hard work? I really don’t think it’s worth the effort of
spending so much time preparing for a single meal, and
then another hour cleaning up the mess after it’s over. We
work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending
time with family and relaxing?
3 Eating out is a good choice and it has nothing to do
with loss of traditions. We still have the dinner with the
same people, just in a different place. The occasion is
more enjoyable without all that tiring cooking, and the
dishes taste better!
4 In my opinion, what or where we eat on Spring
Festival Eve really doesn’t matter. Eating out may
change the form of this tradition, but the love between
the family members sitting around the table together
remains the same.
Wang Peng, software engineer
2 Read the passage and find out each
person’s point of view.
20 UNIT 2Time for a
Change?
Dear Editor,
1 For this year’s Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best
restaurant in town, but I’m a bit unhappy about it. For me, it just won’t feel like Spring
Festival having the dinner out.
2 When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was what I looked
forward to most. It was not only for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, but
for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together. I would run around
the house, listening to the adults chatting about their year. I’d get under my mother’s
feet in the kitchen, watching her make dumplings. She’d put tokens in some dumplings:
candies for a sweet life and peanuts for a long and healthy one. In the evening, all of us
would sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together
again. We toasted each other, we laughed, and the simple,
homemade dishes tasted more delicious than anything
cooked by a top chef.
3 I hope my children and their children will still value our
memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the
process is even more important than the dinner itself.
Liu Yonghui, retired teacher
Let’s celebrate! 213 Read the sentences from the passage and decide Learning to learn
if they are facts (F) or opinions (O).
A fact is something that exists
1 Eating out is a good choice and it has nothing
or has happened, for example,
to do with loss of traditions. _____
an object, event or experience.
2 ... what or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve Facts are statements that
really doesn’t matter. _____ can be proved by evidence.
3 ... it just won’t feel like Spring Festival having An opinion can be a general
or individual view, belief or
the dinner out. _____
impression. Opinions can
4 I’d get under my mother’s feet in the kitchen,
sometimes be identified by
watching her make dumplings. _____
the presence of words such as
5 She’d put tokens in some dumplings... _____
‘‘feel”, ‘‘believe” and ‘‘think”.
Think & Share
1 What do you think the retired teacher means by ‘‘To me, the
process is even more important than the dinner itself”?
2 Which of the two opinions do you agree with? Why?
3 How would you describe a Spring Festival family dinner to a friend from overseas?
4 Can you think of any other Chinese festival traditions? Share them with the class.
4 Work in groups. Give a talk about the importance of the Spring Festival family
dinner for Chinese people.
1 Think about why Chinese people value the Spring Festival family dinner and
make notes.
Reasons:
2 Organise your talk following the steps below.
• State the importance of the Spring Festival family dinner for Chinese people.
• Explain why it is important.
• Share your personal experience about the family dinner.
• End by summarising the main points in your talk.
3 Give your talk to the class.
22 UNIT 2Writing a letter to express ideas
5 Read the editorial column and answer the questions.
Chinese Spring Festival Going Global
Nowadays, more and more countries around the world are holding celebrations for Chinese Spring
Festival. What’s more, not only are these attended and enjoyed by Chinese citizens living abroad, but
by many other nationalities, too.
With colourful decorations of lanterns and lamps, shopping centres have been organising events and
activities to celebrate Chinese Spring Festival for years, while concerts and other performances are
also proving a big success. Tickets for the 2017 Grand Chinese New Year Concert in St Petersburg
sold out, with 90% of the audience local Russians. People are also discovering the fun of interacting
with the celebrations, rather than simply watching as part of an audience. To celebrate the 2017
festival, over 1,000 Ghanaian junior high school students got up on stage to perform Chinese songs
and dances. Students in New York City, meanwhile, have since 2016 been able to enjoy an official
day’s holiday for Chinese Spring Festival.
It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a global celebration of joy and love. What do you
think of this phenomenon? Write to us to share your opinion!
1 Which countries are mentioned and how do they celebrate Chinese Spring Festival?
2 Which event would you most like to attend? Why?
3 Why do you think Chinese Spring Festival is ‘‘going global”?
6 Complete the notes to help organise your ideas.
Now write a letter to the editor
to express your ideas. Use the
expressions in the box to help you.
• What the phenomenon is:
Useful expressions
• What reasons lie behind it: • In my opinion / For me…
• I (don’t) think…
• How you feel about it: • On the contrary, …
• It’s not only…, but…
• I hope…
7 Share your letter with the class.
Let’s celebrate! 23Presenting ideas
1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. 3 Work in groups. Talk about
1 Do you know any of these days? your ideas following the
2 Why do you think people create these days? steps below.
1 Say what day you would like
to create and when it is.
2 State why you would like to
create it.
3 Talk about special activities
to celebrate it.
World
Health Day World Smile Day
Now discuss and decide on a
World Book Day
winning day.
2 Think of a special day you would like to create. Complete the
table to help organise your ideas. 4 Present your special day to
the class. Use the expressions
in the box to help you.
Name
Date
Useful expressions
• Our day is called…
Reasons to create it
• It celebrates…
• It could be held on…
• Everyone would…
Activities
• The activities include…
Reflection
11 ARaftteer y cooumr ppleertfinogrm thains cuen firto, Im c a1n ( rvaetrey mpoyo r) 22 II’nv ed oleianrgn sto t,o I ’mvea kleea urnset otof tmhaek feo lulosew oinfg t he
ptoe r5f o(vrmerayn gcoeo 1d ()e.xcellent), 2 (good) or wfoollrodws ianngd w eoxprdres sasinodn se:xpressions:
3Fi n(iins hnienegd t hofe ismtupdroy voefm thenist )m. odule,
Ig civaen dteatlka ialsb aobuot upte trhsoe nLaalnittieesrn. Festival
Ic ecalenb rmataioken sa speech and express myself clearly.
Ie cxatenn wd raitned a a schceoprtt baino ginravpitahtyi oinn order of time. 3 I still need to improve:
Iw’mri tree aad ley tttoe rd too veoxlpurnetsasr iyd weaosrk and help others. 3 I still need to improve:
Io’vbes errevaeli zaendd wcoamtepr asrheo crtualgtuer aalr opuhnedn otmhee nwao arlndd
achnadn fgoeusn odf wtraaydsi ttioon ssolve it.
cherish Chinese culture and traditions
24 UNIT 2On the move
U
N
I
T
Starting out
rock climbing
1 Watch the video and answer
the questions.
1 What sports are mentioned in the
video?
2 Which one do you like best? Why?
tennis
2 Look at the pictures and answer
the questions.
1 Have you tried any of these sports?
2 Which would you most like to
try? Why?
3 What benefits can you get from
doing sports?
yoga
cycling
g
n
fi
r
u
s
25Understanding ideas
1 Talk about what you think these things
represent in a football game. 1 These days, football is one of the
most popular sports in the world.
Given that Neil Armstrong wanted
to take a football to the Moon,
we could even say that it is also the
most popular sport out of this world!
The history of the game goes back
over two thousand years to Ancient
China. It was then known as cuju
(kick ball), a game using a ball of
animal skins with hair inside. Goals
were hung in the air. Football as
we know it today started in Great
Britain, where the game was given
new rules.
2 That football is such a simple game
to play is perhaps the basis of its
popularity. It is also a game that is
very cheap to play. You don’t need
expensive equipment; even the ball
11
doesn’t have to cost much money.
All over the world you can see kids
playing to their hearts’ content with
a ball made of plastic bags; just like
Pelé did when he was a boy.
2 Read the passage and find out where 3 Another factor behind football’s
modern football started. global popularity is the creativity
and excitement on the field. It is
fun enough to attract millions of
people. You do not have to be a fan
to recognise the skill of professional
players – how they use their bodies to
pass, score and defend can be amazing
to see – or to feel the excitement of a
game ending with a surprising twist.
26 UNIT 34 What’s more, football has become 5 “Some people believe football is a
one of the best ways for people to matter of life and death, ... ” said Bill
communicate: it does not require words, Shankly, the famous footballer and
but everyone understands it. It breaks manager. “I can assure you it is much,
down walls and brings people together much more important than that.” This
on and off the field. Take, for example, might sound funny, but one only has to
the famous football game on Christmas think about the Earth to realise that our
Day 1914. World War I had broken out planet is shaped like a football.
months before, but British and German
soldiers put down their guns and played
football together – one moment of peace
to remember during years of conflict.
A Game for
Wo
the
On the move 273 Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage.
1 To talk about the history of football.
2 To express his / her love of football.
3 To explain why football is such a popular game.
4 To prove that he / she is a professional football fan.
4 Complete the chart with expressions from the passage.
Opening
Football enjoys popularity all over the world and it has a
history that goes back to 1___________________.
Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3
It is 2__________________. It is a game with It breaks down walls and
4__________________. 6__________________.
Example Example Example
The young Pelé played football It is amazing to see how British and German soldiers
to his heart’s content with professional players use their put down their guns and
3__________________. bodies to 5__________________. 7__________________ on
Christmas Day 1914.
Conclusion
Football is much more than just a sport.
Think & Share
1 What is your understanding of the last sentence of the passage?
2 What other sports are as popular as football in China? What makes them
so popular?
28 UNIT 3Using language
to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result
1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and 3 Rewrite the underlined parts using
answer the questions. the to-infinitive form.
a That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps
the basis of its popularity.
b It is fun enough to attract millions of people.
1 What is the function of “to play” in sentence (a)? Is it
used to give description or show result? DX
Sports Watch
2 What is the function of “to attract” in sentence (b)? Is it
used to give description or show result?
Are you looking for a sports watch
Compare them with the following sentences and that can help you keep track of
answer the questions. your fitness and chart your training
progress?
c That football is such a simple game that people play is
perhaps the basis of its popularity.
Whether you’re a professional athlete
d It is so fun that it attracts millions of people. or keen sportsperson, DX Sports
Watch is the ideal choice for you.
3 What is the difference between the two groups of
It has a digital display that records
sentences?
your steps, speed and distance, as
4 Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) well as monitoring your heart rate
in the reading passage? and calories burnt. It also has a voice
control setting that enables you to
Now look for more sentences with these structures in
stay hands-free, while its waterproof
the reading passage.
band is fully adjustable so that it is
comfortable to wear.
2 Join the sentences using the to-infinitive form.
1 The rules of the game are so simple. They make the game DX Sports Watch is only available
easy to play. online, so go to our
2 The ball is small enough. It fits into most sports bags. website and place your
3 Give me a list of the teams. They can enter the order today!
competition.
4 The footballer has a dream. He wants to play for a
top team.
5 We arrived at the stadium. We found that the game had
been cancelled.
On the move 29Exercises you can do anywhere
4 Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
a b c
pull-up skipping push-up
d e f
jogging sit-up plank
1 What do you know about these exercises?
2 Which of these exercises have you tried?
5 Read and match the descriptions to the exercises in Activity 4. Underline the words
and expressions describing their benefits.
1 You have to keep your body very still. This develops your core muscles and strengthens
your lower back.
2 This develops your chest and shoulder muscles. Remember to keep your back
completely straight.
3 Using only a rope, you can develop your footwork and balance. It’s good for your
heart and you’ll burn a lot of calories without going anywhere!
4 Find a bar that will support your weight. This builds strength in your upper body,
especially in your arms and back.
5 This develops the muscles in your stomach region and improves the way you stand.
6 This gives you improved heart and lung function. It also helps build strong leg bones.
6 Work out your weekly exercise plan. Then use the words and expressions you have
learnt to share the reasons behind your plan with the class.
30 UNIT 3Traditional sports in China
8 Listen again and complete the journalist’s notes.
Leah and Tai Chi
Chinese martial arts are famous all • loves watching 1____________ films and took
around the world. Each year, tens 2____________; fell in love with tai chi due
of thousands of people from other
to the classes
countries come to China to learn
Chinese martial arts. Tai chi, which is a • first went to China 3____________ years ago
martial art with a long history, is usually
a popular choice. It involves doing very
• reasons for choosing Yangshuo:
slow physical exercises to relax your a 4____________ of tai chi lives there;
mind and calm your body. the beautiful 5____________ views
Did You Know ?
• challenges: learning to use Chinese; practising
7 Listen to the interview and choose basic 6____________; getting up early
the points mentioned.
1 Difficulties of studying in China. • benefits of tai chi: helps relax and
2 A tai chi school in China. brings 7____________; a simple way to
3 First visit to China. 8____________; improves 9____________
4 A great master of yoga.
5 Reasons for learning tai chi.
6 Reasons for keeping going.
7 Reasons for choosing Yangshuo.
Now talk about the explanations Leah gives for
Learning to learn doing tai chi. Listen again if necessary.
When you listen to an interview,
9 Work in pairs. Act out the interview between a
it is important to find out who is
being interviewed and the purpose sports journalist and a member of a dragon
of the interview. Before listening boat team.
to the interview, think about what Student A: Turn to Page 82.
topics might be discussed. During
Student B: Turn to Page 85.
the interview, listen carefully to each
question and try to understand the
10 Work in pairs. Think about another interview
main ideas within the interviewee’s
with a fan of a traditional sport in China and have
responses.
a similar conversation.
On the move 31Developing ideas
1 Look at the chart and answer
the questions.
Marathon participants
in China Running into
Number of participants
280 (ten thousands) 280
260
a Better Life
240
220
200
180
160 150
This global site is a place for runners to
140
120 share their stories about running. So, if
100 90 you are a runner with a story to tell, get in
80 75
touch – we’d love to hear from you!
60
50
40
20
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Li Yue, 16, Beijing
1 What key information is shown
in this chart?
2 What reasons lie behind the
phenomenon?
Learning to learn
When learning about a new topic, it is
important to collect facts and figures.
These are often represented through
charts or graphs, because they can
make information quicker and easier
I was born with asthma and I never thought
to interpret. Bar charts are used to
I’d be a runner! I only joined my local athletics
show how something changes over
club because my doctor told me that in my
time, or can be used to compare data.
particular case exercise could improve how
It’s important to read its title to know
what the facts and figures represent, my lungs work. But before I knew it, I was
to read the labels along the vertical taking part in local races. As my fitness and
and horizontal sides, and to look at and my running improved, I started running in
understand the key information.
national competitions. This year I won silver
in the under 18’s 10,000 metres! And who
2 Read the passage and talk about knows, next year I could win gold!
your understanding of the title.
32 UNIT 3David, 52, New York
Not so long ago, I didn’t As a computer engineer,
do any exercise – not there’s always a new
even any jogging! Then challenge just around
I discovered an app called the corner! It can be
Running Power. It lists quite stressful at times,
your performance against though, which in turn
other runners in your makes me feel anxious.
social network. At first, To help deal with this,
I kept running just to see I go running as often as
my name in the top five. I possibly can. Whether
Soon, I found that I was I’m at the gym or on
not alone – I came across the road, my nervous
other runners in the same area running for the energy pushes me through mile one. By mile
same purpose! Now I no longer use the app, but I’ve two, the tension has moved from my mind to
fallen in love with running, and still do it with my my legs. By the end of the run, all my stress has
running friends. disappeared and I’m ready to face the next day
at work!
This year I entered the Great Gorilla Run in
London. This is a programme run by The Gorilla
Organization to raise money to save the world’s
last remaining gorillas from dying out. Each runner
receives a gorilla suit and off they go! It’s a bit hot
and sweaty inside the suit, and my legs ache, but
it’s a lot of fun. The funniest moment was when
someone watching the race offered me a banana –
a real treat for a running gorilla! I had a great day
out in London, as well as helping to save gorillas!
On the move 333 Complete the table with expressions from the passage.
Reasons for starting running Benefits gained from running
Running could improve Running 2___________________ and
1___________________ and help led him to achieve things he never
him treat his asthma. thought he could do.
She discovered an app that
She came across
3___________________ and she
4___________________ and fell in love
wanted to see her name in the
with running.
top five.
His job sometimes
After running, 6___________________
5___________________ and
and he is ready to face the next day
makes him feel anxious. To help
at work.
deal with this, he started running.
She participated in a programme She had a great day in London, as well
run to 7___________________. as 8___________________.
Think & Share
1 Which of these running stories impresses you most? Why?
2 What can you learn from these people?
3 In what ways do you think apps and social media can help us do sports?
4 Do you know of any running events in China? Have you ever participated
in any of them?
4 Work in groups. Give a talk about a runner you know.
1 Use the notes to help plan your talk.
Runner’s name:
Age:
When he / she started running:
What he / she thinks about running:
2 Organise your talk following the steps below.
• Give details about the runner.
• Talk about his / her experience of running.
• End by saying why he / she inspires you.
3 Give your talk to the class.
34 UNIT 3Writing a sports story
5 Read the notice and post and answer the questions. 6 Think of your own sports story and
make notes.
Stories
Sport:
wanted!
This new global site is a place for sports How you got started with the sport:
lovers to share their stories. We are
looking for stories to inspire our readers.
Do you want to share your story? Send it
How you feel about the sport:
to us right now!
What you've done to improve:
What you hope to achieve in the future:
Nick I was so proud when my team won the ice
hockey competition. It made me feel like I
could achieve anything. Only three years ago, I
31 Oct was terrified of sports like skiing and skating. To Now write your own sports story.
11:00 am
deal with this, I decided to join a skating club. Use the expressions in the box to
I really envied the other club members, who help you.
were so confident and dynamic on the ice. But
my teacher was great and before I knew it, I Useful expressions
was able to skate. He then persuaded me to try
• When I was younger, …
ice hockey. I loved it and was soon practising
• I never thought…
with my local team almost every evening.
• The first time…
We’re now training for national competitions
• Before I knew it, …
and hope to be champions one day, but my
• Soon I found…
ultimate goal is to be an ice hockey teacher
and help people learn to play this game.
7 Share your story with the class.
1 What kind of stories does the website want?
2 Why is the website looking for stories?
3 What information is included in Nick’s story?
On the move 35Presenting ideas
1 Work in groups. Recommend a sport for your PE class and complete the table.
Sport
Rules for the sport
Reasons for recommendation
2 Talk about your recommendation 3 Present your sport to the class. Use the
following the steps below. expressions in the box to help you.
1 Say what sport you would like
to recommend. Useful expressions
2 Talk about its rules. • The sport is called…
3 State why you would like to • The rules are as follows: …
recommend it. • It’s a sport which needs…
• It can bring us such benefits as…
Reflection
1 After completing this unit, I can rate my 2 I’ve learnt to make use of the following
performance 1 (excellent), 2 (good) or words and expressions:
3 (in need of improvement).
talk about the benefits of doing sports
ask questions and give explanations in an
interview
write a personal sports story 3 I still need to improve:
promote Chinese culture through sports
handle pressure and improve fitness through
sports
36 UNIT 3Stage and screen
U
N
I
T
Starting out
Sichuan Opera
Face-changing
LISA
BROWN
7 July 7 pm
CENTRAL STADIUM
NutcrTahecker
The Old Teahouse
22 & 23 December 8 pm 9 April
2 pm & 7 pm
Palace Theatre
CHINESE
Waiting
for CROSSTALK
Godot SHOW 29 May
Gala 6 pm
EAST THEATRE
10 February 26 October 7 pm
8 pm Royal Theatre
1 Look at the posters and answer the questions. 2 Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 Which of these types of entertainment are you 1 What theatres are mentioned in the video?
most familiar with? 2 What are the differences between them?
2 What other types of entertainment have In what ways are they similar?
you seen?
3 Which do you like most? Why?
37Understanding ideas
1 Look at the pictures of two performances and 1 I thought I knew a lot about Hamlet. As
talk about their differences and similarities. a high school student with English literature
Consider the following: as one of my main subjects, I have to!
• orchestra Shakespeare’s Hamlet is probably the most
• costumes and masks important play by the most important writer
• stage set in English. Almost everybody knows “To be,
• performers’ movements or not to be”, right? Having seen quite a few
productions of Hamlet and read the play
many times, I was full of confidence – until
the Peking Opera came to town!
2 Dating back to the 18th century, Peking
Opera has over two hundred years of
history. Does this mean it’s easier than
a Shakespeare play to understand? To find
out the answer, I just had to go and see The
Revenge of Prince Zidan – the Peking Opera
version of Hamlet.
3 Starting with an orchestra playing
traditional Chinese instruments, the opera
brought a completely new sound to my
Western ears. At first, I thought what
I heard was a violin, but later I learnt that
it was an instrument with two strings called
jinghu. Then, seeing the main characters
come on stage, I was surprised! The
costumes and masks were amazing. The
performers of course sang in Chinese, but
2 Read the passage and find out what aspects the music, exaggerated movements and
of Peking Opera most impressed the author. mime helped get the meanings across to the
audience. The voices themselves sounded
really unique – some of the female voices
were so high that I was sure they could
break glass! And the stage was really simple:
a decorated whip represented a horse, and
38 UNIT 4a screen with Chinese characters, a study. Using 5 Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince
such techniques, the opera had transformed Zidan, I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it. But,
a small stage into the whole universe. in fact, I was on the edge of my seat! Feeling
the strong emotions of love, anger, fear
4 Easily my favourite part of the show was how and grief in the performance, I could easily
the characters moved on stage. I had never recognise the theme of Hamlet. So, if you want
seen Prince Hamlet do a backflip before! That to see a show that combines music, singing,
was simply incredible. It was so dazzling and drama, poetry and costume design with
energetic that I wasn’t sure if the characters explosive effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan
were performers or athletes! Everyone was ticks all the right boxes!
clapping.
When
HAMLET PEKING
meets
OPERA
Stage and screen 393 Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage.
1 To prove that Peking Opera is a better way to perform Hamlet.
2 To inform the readers how to perform Hamlet through Peking Opera.
3 To share the unique experience of seeing a Peking Opera version of Hamlet.
4 To make a comparison between Eastern and Western cultures.
4 Complete the chart with words and expressions from the passage.
Think & Share
1 Why does the author say “The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all
the right boxes”?
2 How could you help a friend from overseas understand Peking Opera?
FO
EGNEVER
EHT
NADIZ
ECNIRP
Feelings Reasons
• He thought 2___________________.
Before the • 1____________
• He wondered if Peking Opera is easier
performance • curious
than a Shakespeare play to understand.
• 4___________________ were amazing.
• The voices 5___________________.
During the
• 3____________ • The stage 6___________________.
performance
• The movements of the characters were
7___________________.
After the
• impressed • He felt 8___________________.
performance
40 UNIT 4Using language
-ing as adverbial
1 Look at the sentences from the 2 Complete the journal entry with the correct form of
reading passage and answer the the verbs in brackets.
questions.
Friday 15 May
a Having seen quite a few
productions of Hamlet and read Today I performed in the school play. I did a good job!
the play many times, I was full 1____________ (see) all my family and friends in the
of confidence – until the Peking audience applaud me, I 2____________ (feel) so confident
Opera came to town!
and grateful.
b ... seeing the main characters come
on stage, I was surprised! At first, I hadn’t realised how much work it would be.
The teacher was very strict, 3____________ (make) me
1 In sentence (a), who had seen quite a
so nervous that I would forget my lines. I often stayed up
few productions of Hamlet and read
the play many times? In sentence (b),
late at night 4____________ (practise) my part.
who saw the main characters come
5____________ (feel) extremely discouraged, I almost gave
on stage?
up. But thanks to the support of my teacher, parents and
2 Is this structure used more often in
spoken or written English?
friends, I overcame my fears, 6____________ (know) that
I did the best I could.
Compare them with the following
sentences and answer the questions. It’s an unforgettable experience. No pain, no gain, as the
saying goes.
c Since I had seen quite a few
productions of Hamlet and read
the play many times, I was full
3 Rewrite the paragraph using the -ing form.
of confidence – until the Peking
Opera came to town! I went to watch the ballet The Peony Pavilion last
d ... when I saw the main characters night. Because I thought ballet was more or less the
come on stage, I was surprised! same everywhere, I was totally unprepared for its
unique beauty. As soon as the curtain rose, I was
3 What is the difference between the
absorbed. The performance borrowed a lot from
two groups of sentences?
Chinese dance and music, so the Eastern
4 Why does the author choose to use
influence on the ballet was clear. The
sentences (a) and (b) in the reading
production was full of colours and
passage?
romantic symbols, and challenged
my senses in new ways. I enjoyed
Now look for more sentences with
it so much that it’s changed my
this structure in the reading passage.
opinion about ballet. I can’t wait
to go again!
Stage and screen 41Types of TV programme
4 Look at the pictures and answer 5 Read and match the descriptions to the types of TV
the questions. programme in Activity 4. Underline the words and
a expressions describing them.
1 I absolutely loved last night’s episode of Best Singer! It
was very exciting and totally unforgettable. Each of the
contestants put on a wonderful performance – they all
cartoon
really wanted to win! The final winner was so talented.
b
2 The Real Lives of Leopards – what an amazing
programme! Leopards are such appealing creatures and
the cubs are adorable! Incredible photography of them in
news programme
the wild. Highly recommended!
c
3 I used to love A Good Laugh and I watched it every week.
It was so popular, but now it’s got really boring. The jokes
aren’t funny at all. What a waste of time! I’m going to
talent show delete it from my favourites list.
d
4 Monkey King: Hero is Back is my favourite! The Monkey
King is really cool, and definitely a hero to me! I also
enjoy the creative plot and settings. The writers and artists
have such great imaginations. I’m thrilled to see Chinese
comedy
culture presented in such an amazing and magical way.
e
5 I like to know what’s going on in the world first thing in
the morning, so I never miss this programme! It has all
the headlines and market information you could possibly
nature documentary
need. And there’s a handy traffic report, too!
f Linda’s Show
6 I watched Talk King last night, but I didn’t like it. What a
rude person the host was! He hardly let his guests say a
word! It’s a wonder they didn’t walk out of the studio.
talk show
1 What do you know about these 6 Work in pairs. Talk about your favourite TV programme
types of TV programme? using the words and expressions you have learnt.
2 Can you think of some examples A: What’s your favourite TV programme?
of each type? B: My favourite TV programme is… It’s a…
A: Why do you like it?
…
42 UNIT 4Watching a performance
8 Listen again and complete the flyer.
Dating back to the 1970s, Glastonbury Festival
is a music and arts festival that takes place on a
large farm in Somerset in South-west England.
Most of the organisers are volunteers and much
of the money raised from ticket sales goes to
Festival
charity. Many famous bands have performed at
the festival over the years, and the number of
people attending has grown to about 200,000.
From to June
How to get there
*Public transport:
By train at Cost
By coach at Cost
*Free bus service from station:
First bus leaves Castle Cary at
Last bus leaves for the festival site at
Did You Know ?
7 Listen to the conversation and choose the Now talk about how Josh makes
correct memo. arrangements. Listen again if necessary.
1 Meet at London Paddington
9 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation
Take a train to Castle Cary
about making arrangements to go to a
Stay in a hotel for four nights
comedy show.
Take a rain jacket and food
Student A: Turn to Page 82.
Student B: Turn to Page 86.
2 Meet at London Victoria
10 Work in pairs. Make arrangements to attend
Take a coach to Castle Cary
a concert in another city.
Camp for four nights
Take a tent and a rain jacket
Learning to learn
Words within a complete sentence can be
3 Meet at London Victoria pronounced in two different ways: weak and
Take a coach to the festival site strong. The strong, or stressed, pronunciation is
less common as it is used to emphasise the most
Camp for four nights
important words in a sentence. It helps clearly
Take a tent and an umbrella
convey meaning and also creates a natural rhythm
to the sentence.
Stage and screen 43Developing ideas
1 Look at the pictures and answer
the questions.
Good Book,
1 They say that “a picture is worth
a thousand words”, but the briefest
look at books and the movies based on
them would have anyone questioning
this common saying. All too often, great
words end up being turned into cinematic
“turkeys”.
2 Good movies need good stories. If so,
why has one of the earliest and greatest
works in Western storytelling, Homer’s
The Odyssey, never had an equally great
movie based on it? Movies need strong
characters. So why have the movies
based on The Great Gatsby never been
praised as “great”? Movies of course need
impressive images, so why has Alice in
Wonderland only resulted in movies best
described as “interesting”?
3 One of the key reasons behind this is that
while a book usually takes a few days
to read, a movie typically lasts under
1 Have you ever read any of these books?
What are they about?
2 Have you ever seen the movies or TV plays
based on these books? What do you think
of them?
2 Scan the passage. Find out which of the
books in Activity 1 are mentioned.
44 UNIT 4Bad Movie?
two hours. This means that great books can lose plot details and
characters when they move to the big screen. This is something that
even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can’t escape from,
with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite
characters in the movie versions.
4 Movies also disappoint us when things don’t look the way we imagined
them in the books. Take, for example, the epic movie Troy, which is
in part based on Homer’s The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews
from the audience. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen
to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she didn’t live up to
Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing
opinions of the movie to some extent.
5 There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes.
Furthermore, books and movies are two different forms of media and
therefore have different rules. With this in mind, perhaps we should
judge a movie in its own right, and not against its original source.
Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television series
such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters
and gradual plot development. Perhaps, one day, readers of F. Scott
Fitzgerald’s most admired work will find themselves glued to their
screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby.
Learning to learn
Examples in argumentative essays can serve
several purposes. They can be used to explain
ideas and concepts, to support arguments, and
also as a way of providing additional information.
Stage and screen 453 Match the author’s opinions about the movie adaptations to the examples from
the passage.
1 Some parts of the story and some characters are missing in the movie.
2 The visual images are not as striking as the descriptions in the book.
3 The movie is not as great as the book.
4 The movie doesn’t look the way we visualised while reading the book.
5 The characters do not stand out.
The
A The ILIAD
Odyssey lice in
W
onderland
a b c d e
Think & Share
1 What does the saying “There are a thousand Hamlets in a
thousand people’s eyes” mean? Do you know of any similar sayings in Chinese?
2 What books would you like to see made into movies? Why?
3 What other reasons do you think make movie adaptations less satisfactory than
the original books?
4 Work in groups. Give a talk about a movie adapted from a book.
1 Use the notes to help plan your talk.
Title of the book:
Your point of view (successful / disappointing):
Reasons:
2 Organise your talk following the steps below.
• Introduce the book.
• Describe the movie adaptation.
• Give your opinion of the movie adaptation.
3 Give your talk to the class.
46 UNIT 4Writing a movie review
5 Read the movie review and answer the questions. 6 Choose a Chinese movie that you
have seen recently and complete
the table.
The Princess Diaries
General introduction
Viewer reviews
★★★★★What an interesting movie
2 March | by Jane
Main plot
The Princess Diaries is a movie about a teenager named Mia
Thermopolis. Shortly before her sixteenth birthday, she is
shocked by the life-changing news that she is the princess
of a fictional kingdom called Genovia. Starring Anne
The most memorable scene
Hathaway, it is definitely a movie you should not miss!
Mia, a socially awkward American girl, becomes princess of
Genovia when her long-absent father, the Crown Prince,
dies. She’s taught how to behave perfectly. However,
things get out of hand when the media gets hold of the
Comments
story, putting Mia in the spotlight. On top of this, she must
make a choice between continuing the normal life of a San
Francisco teen and stepping up to the throne.
The movie explores the theme of responsibility in an
intelligent and humorous way. The most memorable scene
is towards the end of the movie when, during Mia’s darkest Now write your movie review.
moment of self-doubt, she is touched by a letter her father Use the expressions in the box
left her. “Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather to help you.
the judgement that something else is more important than
fear.” It’s one of the most unforgettable lines from the movie.
Useful expressions
The Princess Diaries is an interesting movie. It’s about being • … is a… movie about…
and bettering yourself, and about knowing who your real • The main character(s) is / are…
friends are. Watch it now! • The movie explores…
• The most memorable scene is…
• I (don’t) like the movie. I think it’s…
1 What is the movie about?
2 Who is the main character?
7 Share your review with the class.
3 What is the most memorable scene in the movie?
4 What does the viewer think of the movie?
Stage and screen 47Presenting ideas
1 Think about a performance that you want 2 Work in groups. Talk about your
to recommend to the class and complete the recommendation following the steps below.
notes. 1 Say what performance you would like to
recommend.
2 Give a description of it.
3 State why you would like to recommend it.
Title
Now discuss and decide on a winning
performance.
General introduction
3 Present your recommendation to the class.
Use the expressions in the box to help you.
Useful expressions
• We’d like to tell you about a performance
Why you recommend it of…
• We highly recommend this performance. It’s
called…
• You’ve just got to see…
• It’s about / It’s a story of…
• It makes you feel…
Reflection
1 After completing this unit, I can rate my 2 I’ve learnt to make use of the following
performance 1 (excellent), 2 (good) or words and expressions:
3 (in need of improvement).
describe and comment on TV programmes
make arrangements to attend events
write a movie review
discover and analyse connections between 3 I still need to improve:
different types of entertainment
appreciate and enjoy art forms from
different cultures
48 UNIT 4On the road
U
N
I
T
Starting out
Travel Quiz
1 Watch the video and answer the
questions. 1 Have you ever gone on holiday on your own?
a Yes, and I met some great people along the way.
1 What are the top five tourist
b No, but I would like to try.
destinations? c No, I wouldn’t like to do that.
2 Which country do you want to visit 2 What is your ideal type of accommodation?
a A tent under the stars.
most? Why?
b A room in a local family home.
c A luxury hotel with great facilities.
2 Do the quiz and answer the 3 What’s the first thing you do when you arrive in a new city?
questions. a Set off to explore and talk to the locals.
b Take a bus tour.
1 What is your next destination?
c Visit the top ten sites in the guidebook.
Are you pleased with your result?
4 Some locals invite you to their home for dinner. Will you go?
2 What do you know about your a Of course – it’ll be an amazing experience!
b Probably, but I wouldn’t go alone.
next destination?
c No, I would feel uncomfortable in that situation.
3 Where else would you like to
5 You are offered some unusual local food, like fried insects.
travel? Why? Will you try it?
a Of course! Travel is all about trying new things.
b Maybe, but only if it doesn’t look dangerous.
c No way.
Turn to Page 87 to find out your result.
49Understanding ideas
1 Read the saying and answer the questions.
“Travel
broadens
the mind.”
Home About
1 What do you think the saying means?
2 Do you agree with the saying? Give some
examples to support your opinion.
2 Read the interview and write the 1
questions on the lines. My name is Lauren Elizabeth Pirie Bath. Until
a What do you love most about a few years ago I was a chef, and a happy
Western Australia? one at that, but I wanted more out of life.
b What is your connection to I wanted to TRAVEL. At that time I discovered
Western Australia? blogging and found that I took pretty good
c Who are you and what do you do? pictures. So I decided to post pictures on my
d Does your photography support blog. In less than 18 months, there were over
environmental protection? 200,000 people reading my blog! At first, I only
e How does your love of nature regarded it as a hobby, but companies started
influence your photography? paying me to take photos and publish them.
In 2013, I was determined to make my dream
come true: I would become Australia’s first
professional photo blogger. It was a challenging
job, but I did it. Now I spend three weeks
out of every month travelling and have over
464,000 fans following me online. I’ve got to
know more about this country and its people.
2
I first visited Western Australia for work in
2013. I fell in love with northern WA and have
been back six times. Some of my favourite
photographs were taken there. I have made over
140 work trips, but my best work trip ever was
to Broome in the Kimberley region.
50 UNIT 5Gallery Blog Media Services Events Contact
3
It is extremely beautiful and you can experience the indigenous Australia
there more than anywhere else. The Kimberley region, in particular,
is unique and untouched. As a photographer, I love the bright light and
amazing colours: red rocks, green plants, blue-green waters and blue skies.
4
To work full time in travel, you have to love nature. I try to take every
opportunity to get outside and admire the natural world. I love to
photograph the rising sun, so I force myself into the natural world by
waking early each day. I also enjoy photographing animals, such as
dolphins and kangaroos.
5
I hope so. I use my photography to make an impact on people, especially
when it comes to environmental issues. Today I’ve been photographing
a crocodile swimming close to our boat, the Kimberley Quest, all day.
When I post the picture online, I will make a comment about how bad it is
to feed wild crocodiles. This crocodile is used to passengers throwing food
from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans. Over time, this
could make her a danger to people living in the area. If I can do something
to make others aware of the problem, then that’s part of the solution.
On the road 513 Choose the best description of the interview with Lauren Bath.
1 Why Lauren Bath quit her job as a chef and chose a different profession.
2 Where Lauren Bath loves to travel and how she helps protect the environment.
3 How Lauren Bath turned her hobby into a career and her story of being a blogger.
4 Complete the blogger profile with words and expressions from the passage.
Star Blogger
Name Lauren Bath
Previous job 1
Present job 2
Number of fans 3
Favourite place to visit 4
Subject of photos 5
Example of important work and its story
Lauren Bath is using her photography to make people aware of 6 . For example,
one of her photos shows a crocodile that is used to passengers 7 and is
becoming 8 . Over time, this could make her 9 to humans.
People should stop 10 .
Think & Share
1 Why was Lauren Bath determined to change from being a chef
to a photographer?
2 How do Lauren Bath’s travel experiences influence her and the readers of her
blog?
3 What other jobs involve travel? Which would you most like to do? Why?
52 UNIT 5Using language
-ing as attributive
1 Look at the sentences from the interview and answer 2 Rewrite the underlined words
the questions. using the -ing form.
a ... there were over 200,000 people reading my blog!
The Bernina Express follows a route
b I love to photograph the rising sun, …
that runs from Eastern Switzerland
to Northern Italy. People who travel
1 In sentence (a), who read the blog?
aboard the Bernina Express have
2 In sentence (b), what is rising?
the chance to see incredible views.
3 When do we put the -ing form before the noun it
The landscape that lines the route is
modifies and when do we put it after?
beautiful and dramatic, with snowy
Compare them with the following sentences and answer mountains and green valleys. There
the questions. is no doubt that the Bernina Express
is a journey for travellers who want
c ... there were over 200,000 people who read my blog!
to get back to nature: the train
d I love to photograph the sun that is rising, …
window becomes
4 What is the difference between the two groups of the TV screen,
sentences? and the natural
5 Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) world is the
in the reading passage? show.
Now look for more sentences with this structure in the
interview.
3 Rewrite the advertisement using the -ing form to make it more compact and coherent.
Itchy Feet Travel
Time for a Break in Hawaii!
Are you one of those people who work around that sing. Watch surfers who catch the
the clock? Are you getting “itchy feet”? Take waves – and maybe even give it a go yourself!
a look at our new offer: a once-in-a-lifetime
adventure to the beautiful islands of Hawaii! Put on your hiking boots and explore islands
with waterfalls and active volcanoes. And at
Go on a boat trip to see whales that jump out the end of the day, you won’t want to miss the
of the water and hear the song of dolphins view of the sun that is setting on the sea!
On the road 53Planning a trip
4 Read the emails. Underline the tasks Andrew and Matt have to do before going on a trip.
From Andrew To Matt From Matt To Andrew
Subject Travel arrangements Subject Re: Travel arrangements
HHeeyy MMaatttt,, HHeeyy AAnnddrreeww,,
GGoooodd nneewwss ffoorr oouurr ttrriipp!! II cchheecckkeedd tthhee eemmbbaassssyy II‘‘vvee bboouugghhtt tthhee ppllaannee ttiicckkeettss aanndd aarrrraannggeedd
wweebbssiittee aanndd wwee ddoonn’’tt nneeeedd ttoo aappppllyy ffoorr aa vviissaa nnooww.. ttrraannssffeerr ffrroomm tthhee aaiirrppoorrtt ttoo tthhee hhootteell.. SSoo wwee aarree
WWee ccaann ggeett oonnee wwhheenn wwee aarrrriivvee aatt tthhee aaiirrppoorrtt iinn aallmmoosstt sseett!! DDoonn’’tt ffoorrggeett ttoo cchheecckk iinn oonnlliinnee aanndd
JJaakkaarrttaa.. II’’vvee aallssoo bbooookkeedd aaccccoommmmooddaattiioonn bbaasseedd pprriinntt yyoouurr bbooaarrddiinngg ppaassss iinn aaddvvaannccee.. TThheenn aallll wwee
oonn tthhee bbuuddggeett wwee mmaaddee.. II ffoouunndd tthhee HHoolliiddaayy HHootteell hhaavvee ttoo ddoo iiss ppaacckk lluuggggaaggee.. RReemmeemmbbeerr ttoo bbrriinngg
cchhaaiinn wwhheenn II wwaass ddooiinngg rreesseeaarrcchh oonnlliinnee.. AAccccoorrddiinngg yyoouurr ccaammeerraa!! OOhh,, oonnee llaasstt tthhiinngg…… HHaavvee yyoouu
ttoo tthhee rreevviieewwss,, tthheessee hhootteellss aarree cclleeaann,, cceennttrraall aanndd eexxcchhaannggeedd ffoorreeiiggnn ccuurrrreennccyy?? II ddoonn’’tt hhaavvee aa ccrreeddiitt
iinneexxppeennssiivvee.. BByy tthhee wwaayy,, ddiidd yyoouu bbuuyy tthhee ppllaannee ccaarrdd.. II’’dd lliikkee ttoo bbuuyy ssoouuvveenniirrss ffoorr mmyy ffaammiillyy ssoo II’’mm
ttiicckkeettss?? ggooiinngg ttoo ttaakkee $$330000 jjuusstt iinn ccaasshh.. CCaann’’tt wwaaiitt!!
AAnnddrreeww MMaatttt
5 Complete the chart with the tasks in Activity 4.
Get ready
Make travel
to go
arrangements
Choose a • 4
• book flights or other transport
destination
• 2
• check the weather
• 5
• 1 • arrange transfer to hotel
* check if you need to * print boarding pass
• do research
3
or collect tickets in
advance
* exchange foreign currency if
necessary
NNooww tthhiinnkk ooff ootthheerr tthhiinnggss yyoouu mmaayy hhaavvee ttoo ddoo bbeeffoorree aa ttrriipp aanndd aadddd tthheemm ttoo tthhee cchhaarrtt..
6 Work in groups. Choose a destination and prepare your trip together. Use the chart in Activity 5
to help you.
54 UNIT 5Visiting a new place
8 Listen again and complete the map and the information
Different types of tourism:
for the tourist.
• Food tourism: travellers
choose their destination
for its food.
• Cultural tourism: travellers
go to theatres, museums and
festivals to learn about local art,
history and lifestyle.
• Adventure tourism: travellers
explore unusual or remote
destinations, often engaging in
risky activities.
Did You Know ?
7 Listen to the conversation and find 1 History Museum • behind 1
• opens at 2
out where it takes place.
2 Paul’s Restaurant • next to 3
• serves 4
a 3 boat race • between 5
and 6 universities
• starts 7
Now talk about how the speakers ask for and give
information. Listen again if necessary.
b
9 Work in pairs. Act out asking for and giving information.
Student A: Turn to Page 83.
Student B: Turn to Page 86.
10 Work in pairs. Draw your own map and have a
similar conversation.
c
Learning to learn
When you visit a place for the first time, a map is a great help for
getting to know the place better. An online map on your mobile
phone is convenient. But if you don’t have Internet connection
when you travel, a paper map is still an option. You should be able
to find one in your hotel or at the local tourist information centre.
Whenever someone gives you directions, mark your destination
and draw an arrow to show the route.
On the road 55Developing ideas
1 Read and answer the questions to see
how much you know about Canada.
1 What is the capital of Canada?
a Toronto. b Ottawa. c Montreal.
2 Which is not an official language in Coast
Canada?
a French. b English. c Spanish.
3 What is on the Canadian national flag?
a An oak leaf. b A maple leaf. to Coast
c A laurel leaf.
4 What is the most popular sport in
Canada?
a Gymnastics. b Soccer.
c Ice hockey.
5 What animal is a national symbol of
Canada?
a Moose. b Beaver. c Polar bear.
2 Scan the email and write the places on
the map.
Rocky Mountains Vancouver
Newfoundland Quebec
56 UNIT 5From Ev a To Amy
Subject Coast to coast
Hi Amy,
1 We made it! My family and I have managed to cross the North American
continent, from western to eastern Canada, in two weeks! I can’t wait to share
the stories with you.
2 We started from Vancouver, where we picked up our vehicle for the trip – a home
on wheels. It took us where we wanted, when we wanted. Dad did the driving
but he has a poor sense of direction. We got lost a few times even with the help
of GPS, but eventually we managed to cross the Rocky Mountains. I was hoping
to see a bear or even an eagle, but all I saw was a small group of deer. The views
were fantastic, though. There were forests, mountains with snowy tops and
masses of ice. It’s like another world.
3 We reached Quebec on the eighth day, where most people speak French. Well,
actually, they speak Quebecois, which is a type of Canadian French. The funniest
thing happened on that day. I’d fallen asleep, when I heard Dad’s phone ringing.
He was driving, so I answered it. Guess who it was? Mum! It was then that I
realised her seat was empty! How did that happen? Well, while I was sleeping,
Dad stopped for some petrol and Mum also got out to take photos, and you can
guess the rest… She was so mad! To cheer her up, we went to a typical Quebec
restaurant for lunch. We had the famous “poutine”, which is a dish of French
fries, fresh cheese and a hot brown sauce called “gravy”. It’s usually followed by
pancakes with maple syrup – delicious!
4 So, we’re now in Newfoundland, the very eastern part of Canada and the end
of our journey. To celebrate, we went on a boat trip yesterday. Mum was using
Dad’s phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast when we
saw something amazing – a killer whale! Mum was so excited that she dropped
the phone into the sea. This time it was Dad’s turn to get mad! Anyway, another
family from Quebec was also on the boat and they got some great photos of the
whale. They’re going to send them to us when they get back home. What’s more,
their son’s the same age as me. He’s so cool! We’re going to keep in touch, so I
now have someone to practise French with!
With love,
Eva
On the road 573 Find out what the underlined words Learning to learn
refer to.
Pronouns such as “it”, “this”, “that”, “these”
1 It took us where we
and “those” are used to make connections
wanted, ... (Paragraph 2)
between parts of a text. These pronouns
2 The funniest thing happened may refer to a word, a phrase or a sentence,
on that day. (Paragraph 3) or even several words, phrases or sentences.
3 How did that happen? (Paragraph 3) They can refer back to previous information
or forward to new information.
Think & Share
1 Why do you think Eva and her family chose to travel by motor home?
2 What do you think Eva enjoyed most about the trip?
3 What do you think was the most memorable moment of their trip?
4 Have you ever travelled with your family? Share your experience with the class.
4 Work in groups. Imagine you are Eva and give a talk about your travel experience.
1 Use the table to help plan your talk.
Things you enjoyed Problems you faced
2 Organise your talk following the steps below.
• Say where you went and who you went with.
• Share what you enjoyed about the trip.
• Describe what problems you faced.
• End by talking about your overall feelings about the trip.
3 Give your talk to the class.
58 UUNNIITT 55Writing a postcard
5 Read the postcard and answer the questions.
Stamp
16 May
Greeting
Hi Emma,
I'm having a really great time in
Yunnan, China! At the moment, we're
Emma Brooke
at the foot of Yulong Snow Mountain.
184 Collins Street
We spent the whole day hiking and I
Melbourne，VIC 3000
even saw some huge yaks! The landscape
Australia
is so beautiful! Tomorrow we're going
to visit the famous old town of Lijiang.
Let's pray for good weather! It's going Recipient’s address
to be a lot of fun! Main body
I've got to go, but miss you a lot.
Close
Alice
1 Who wrote the postcard and from
Signature
where did she send it?
2 Who is receiving the postcard and
6 Read the message and write a postcard to Sam. where is she?
Use the expressions in the box to help you. 3 What has the writer done so far?
4 What is the writer going to do next?
55%
Sam
Hey! I haven’t heard from you
since you left. You must be having
Useful expressions
a great time! How’s your trip been
• I’ve been in… for…
so far? What have you seen? Have
you met anybody interesting? • At the moment, I’m at…
Hope to hear from you soon. • The weather is…
Please send me a postcard! • I’m going to…
• Bye for now.
• Take care.
7 Show your postcard to the class.
On the road 59Presenting ideas
1 Work in groups. Look at the logos and decide which Chinese cities they
represent. Find out what each city is best known for.
2 Choose a different place you know well and talk about why
it is worth visiting. Design a logo to represent it.
3 Prepare a short presentation for tourists about the place
you’ve chosen, following the steps below.
1 Write a short introduction about why the place is
worth visiting.
2 Explain what the logo represents. Useful expressions
3 Practise giving your presentation.
• I’m going to introduce…
• It’s famous for…
4 Give your presentation to the class, showing your logo. Use
• The best part of it is…
the expressions in the box to help you.
• The logo represents…
Reflection
1 After completing this unit, I can rate my 2 I’ve learnt to make use of the following
performance 1 (excellent), 2 (good) or words and expressions:
3 (in need of improvement).
make plans for a trip
ask for and give information
write a postcard
develop a broader understanding of the world 3 I still need to improve:
and have an open mind
respect different cultures and appreciate cultural
diversity
60 UNIT 5Earth first
1 Watch the video and answer
the questions.
1 Which of the facts in the video do
you find most alarming?
2 What does the video want to
tell us?
2 Look at the cartoons and answer
the questions.
1 What environmental problem
does each cartoon refer to?
2 What are the causes of
these problems?
3 What do you think is the most
serious environmental problem we
face today? What should be done
to help solve it?
61
U
N
I
T
Starting out
North Pole
61Understanding ideas
1 Tick the words that you would use to describe
sharks. Add any more you can think of.
W
dangerous 1
e see a woman swimming
at night in a dark sea.
powerful
Suddenly, she is pulled
endangered
underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear,
interesting
then disappears forever. This is the
man-eating
opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws,
terrifying
showing a shark attack. It tells the
cute
story of a great white shark that attacks
intelligent
and kills swimmers. Jaws was a great
huge
success, attracting huge audiences and
winning many awards. It strengthened
Now compare your choices with the class.
people’s long-held idea of the great
Share what you know about sharks.
white shark as a dangerous animal.
2 Read the passage and find out how sharks
are described in the film Jaws. 2 People have always been scared of
sharks, but Jaws made things worse.
It made people frightened of sharks,
especially of the great white shark.
Many people who saw the film started
to believe that sharks were bad animals
that ate humans. Some people stopped
swimming in the sea, afraid of the
horrible creature from the film. Other
people started fishing for sharks, killing
as many as they could. At that time,
nobody cared if sharks were killed,
or how many were killed. People just
wanted them killed.
3 After 1975, the number of large sharks
around America fell quickly, and soon
fell around the world. This was not only
due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
Finning is a type of fishing where sharks
are caught and their fins cut off. The
sharks are thrown back into the sea
6622 UUNNIITT 66DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED?
where they die slowly and painfully. The he fought to protect sharks. He admitted
fins are used in shark fin soup. Finning that his book was wrong about sharks’
kills millions of sharks a year. behaviour. “Sharks don’t target humans,”
he said. Experts have proved that sharks
4 Finning would have an unexpected effect do not see people as food, and they attack
upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote us by mistake. Only around six people are
the book the film Jaws was based on. In killed by sharks every year.
1980, Benchley was diving when he came
across an awful sight. It was an area where 5 Fortunately, not everyone who watched
fishermen were finning, and the sea floor the film Jaws became afraid of sharks –
was covered with dead sharks. Benchley some became interested in understanding
saw sharks being killed and this caused them. Today, as we learn more about
a deep change in him. He came to see sharks, more people than ever want to
people as a danger to sharks, rather than protect them from extinction.
the other way round. From that day on,
Earth first 66333 Choose the author’s purpose in writing the passage.
1 To criticise Peter Benchley’s misleading description of sharks in his book and advocate
the protection of sharks.
2 To explain people’s misunderstanding of sharks and raise awareness of shark protection.
3 To inform people about sharks and recommend the film and the book to them.
4 Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with
words and expressions from the passage.
People have a normal
People are more frightened
fear of sharks.
of sharks.
• People have always been
scared of sharks because • People who saw the film Jaws
they are considered believed 2 .
1 . • Some people stopped
3 while others
started to 4 .
• The number of large sharks fell
quickly due to 5 .
More people are against finning and
wish to protect sharks.
• Peter Benchley admitted that his book
6 and fought
7 them.
• Experts have proved that
8 , and they attack us
by mistake.
• Some people became interested in
9 and more are
willing to 10 .
Think & Share
1 How do you think Peter Benchley felt after diving in 1980?
2 What other films or books do you know that feature wild animals? Do they “paint”
a good or bad picture of these animals? Say how the animals are described.
6644 UUNNIITT 66Using language
-ing and -ed as complement
1 Look at the sentences from the reading 3 Rewrite the underlined sentences in the
passage and answer the questions. interview, using the -ing and -ed forms to
make it more compact and coherent.
a We see a woman swimming at night in a
dark sea.
Reporter: Hello from Sanjiangyuan National
b It made people frightened of sharks, ...
Nature Reserve (SNNR). With me
1 In sentence (a), who is swimming at night? today is Lin Feng, a staff member
2 In sentence (b), who is frightened of sharks? working here. Lin Feng, can you tell
3 Why does the author choose to use different us a bit about SNNR?
forms of verbs in the two sentences?
Lin Feng: Well, SNNR was established in
Now look for more sentences with these 2000 and is the highest and second
structures in the reading passage. largest nature reserve in China. Here,
you can see dramatic landscapes.
2 Read the passage and choose the correct form
They change from mountains
of the verbs.
to grasslands, forests to rivers.
Attracted / Attracting by mermaids since she
Most importantly, it contains the
was a child, Hannah Fraser created her first tail
headwaters of the Yellow River, the
when she was only nine years old. Now, she
Changjiang River and the Lancang
is a model and performance artist devoted /
River.
devoting to ocean conservation. She can be
Reporter: What’s the biggest problem faced by
seen worn / wearing mermaid clothing and
SNNR?
dived / diving up to 50 feet underwater to
swim with dolphins, sharks and whales. She Lin Feng: In recent years, we have seen large
areas of wetland that were damaged
appeared in The Cove, a documentary aiming
by human activity. This has had a
at highlighting the cruelty of dolphin hunting.
negative impact on the unique plants
Besides performing and modelling, Hannah
and animals living there. We’ve also
travels the world given / giving presentations
seen droughts and floods caused
and talks, getting more people involved /
by these changes, which affect the
involving in the conservation of ocean life.
water supply downstream. It is an
integrated system, you see.
Reporter: And what sort of work are you doing
to help solve these problems?
Lin Feng: Our job is to protect and restore the
natural environment. This includes
keeping the original environment
from being touched, as well as
adopting new, sustainable ways of
feeding farm animals.
Earth first 6655Dealing with global warming
4 Share what you know about these expressions.
carbon footprint
water conservation
renewable energy reusable water bottle
greenhouse effect
LED bulb
5 Complete the brochure with the expressions in Activity 4.
Six things you can
• Try to reduce your 4 is a
do NOW to help
2 . Walk great start.
stop global warming or ride a bike instead of • 5 is
taking a car. important because clean
• Use 3 water is a limited resource.
• Reduce waste by choosing
such as solar energy and Also, we use a lot of energy
reusable products – get a(n)
wind power. to process clean water.
1 , for
• The less energy you use, • Planting trees can help a lot
example.
the less carbon dioxide is in reducing the
released. Replacing a regular 6
light bulb with a(n) because trees absorb the
carbon dioxide in the air.
6 Work in pairs. Discuss what you can do to help deal with global warming,
using the words and expressions you have learnt.
A: I will go to school by bike to reduce my carbon footprint.
B: I will ask for an electronic receipt when I go shopping.
…
6666 UUNNIITT 66Environmental problems to be solved
8 Listen again and complete the slides.
Smog in the past
Term created in: 1
Big problem in London: 2
in December 1952
Causes of the problem: burning too much coal
Smog comes from the words “smoke” and 3
and “fog”, and it is used to describe
the air pollution in cities caused mainly
by traffic and factories. Smog can be
dangerous because it causes severe
breathing problems and infections.
Smog in the present
Did You Know ?
Causes of the problem: 4
and factories
7 Listen to the lecture and choose the
Measures: rules about using 5 in
topics that are covered.
factories and 6 in
1 What the word “smog” means.
the city centre
2 When the word “smog” appeared.
3 What caused smog in the past.
4 What causes smog now.
5 The effects of smog on the environment.
6 How governments try to reduce smog.
7 What will happen if we don’t Now talk about what the students say to
reduce smog. interrupt the lecturer politely. Listen again if
necessary.
Learning to learn
9 Work in pairs and talk about recycling.
A polite interruption is usually framed
Student A: Turn to Page 84.
as a request for permission to interrupt
someone, often starting with If…, May I…? Student B: Turn to Page 87.
or Can I…? This may be preceded with an
apology such as Sorry, … or Excuse me, … 10 Work in pairs. Talk about another environmental
Usually we interrupt someone when they problem and have a similar conversation.
pause for breath, or during the slight pause
between spoken clauses.
Earth first 6677Developing ideas
1 Look at the questions about “green
living” and tick your answers.
1 Which shopping bag is more
What’s
environmentally friendly?
A plastic bag.
A paper bag.
Neither of these.
2 What should you do to save energy
Most of us are aware that we must take care
when leaving your home?
of the environment, and the majority of
Turn off a device.
us take steps to save energy and reduce waste
Unplug a device.
and pollution. But recently, some “green truths”
Neither of these.
have been shown to be only half true, or even
completely false. Here are some common ones.
3 What food is better for the environment?
Which are really green?
Food produced near to where
you live.
Food produced far from where Paper shopping bags are
?
you live. better than plastic ones.
It depends.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to
wild animals, which mistake them for
4 Which uses less water?
food. It takes hundreds of years for
Taking a bath.
plastic to break down, but much less
Taking a shower.
time for paper. Because of this, people
It depends.
think paper bags are the better
environmental choice.
Now work in groups and see
if other people share your ideas.
However, making a paper bag
uses four times as much energy
2 Read the four subheadings in
as making a plastic bag and up to
the passage and decide if they
three times the amount of water.
are true or false. Then read the
The process also produces more
passage and check your answers.
greenhouse gases.
Learning to learn
In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for
As subheadings expand on the main
the environment. So, take a reusable
heading or title, they can be slightly longer
bag with you when you go shopping.
than the main heading. Although not every
paragraph needs a subheading, they can
be skimmed to give the reader an overall
understanding of the content of a text.
6688 UUNNIITT 66?
green
really
When you turn off a device, it that simple. It is the production of food, not
?
stops using power. its transport, that uses most of the energy
and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
When we turn off a device,
In some cases, local produce might have used
such as television, it goes
more energy and produced more greenhouse
into stand-by mode.
gases than produce grown a long way away –
Devices in this mode still
even taking into account its transport.
use power, and older
devices in stand-by mode
can use even more. This
It’s better to take a shower
?
happens because electricity
than a bath.
continues to leak from the device, even when it is
turned “off”. To make sure your appliance is in
fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
? Eating local food is good for
the environment.
It depends on how long you spend in the
shower and how large your bath is. If you
spend more than eight minutes in a shower,
you’ll use as much water as in a bath – about
50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep
your shower time as short as possible.
It seems like common sense: eating local food
should be better for the environment, because it Environmental awareness is now part of daily
does not need to be transported long distances and life. But it’s worth checking common ideas
kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not and opinions to see what’s really green.
Earth first 66993 Read the effects and complete the causes of these according to the passage.
CAUSES EFFECTS
1 Makingapaperbagusesmoreenergy
Paper bags are not good for the
andwaterthanmakingaplasticbag.
environment.
Italsoproducesmoregreenhousegases.
2 Turning off a device won’t stop it
from using power.
3 Eating local food isn’t always better
for the environment.
4 It’s not always better to take a
shower than a bath.
Think & Share
1 Which of the “green truths” surprises you most? Give your reasons.
2 Are you aware of any other “green truths” that are not true? Share them with the class.
3 How “green” are you? Share your “green actions” with the class.
4 What can you do to become “greener”?
4 Work in groups. Give a talk about one of the “green truths” in the passage.
1 Use these questions to help plan your talk.
• Which “green truth” are you going to talk about?
• Why do people believe it is “green”?
• Why is it not completely true?
• What can you do to become “greener”?
2 Organise your talk following the steps below.
• Start your talk by stating the topic.
• Describe your chosen “green truth” in more detail.
• Explain why it is not completely “green”.
• End your talk by encouraging your audience to become “greener”.
3 Give your talk to the class.
7700 UUNNIITT 66Writing a persuasive letter
5 Read the letter and answer the questions. 6 Work in groups. Discuss another
environmental issue about which
to write a persuasive letter and
Dear Friends,
make notes.
We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part
in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people to save
food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You
may not know over 30% of the world’s food is wasted, Problem:
while many people in poor areas do not have enough to
eat. In order to save food, we propose:
1 Do not order more than you need in the
Cause(s):
school canteen.
2 Order less and take leftover food home when
dining in restaurants.
3 Call on family members and friends to take
Solution(s):
part in the campaign.
Reducing daily food waste by just 5% could save millions
of people from starvation. Let’s start doing what we can
to make the world a greener, cleaner place!
Now write a persuasive letter.
With best wishes,
Use the expressions in the box to
Class 8
help you.
Useful expressions
• We are writing this letter to raise
your awareness of…
• We are concerned that…
• We would like to suggest…
• We hope that you will consider…
• One of the reasons for this is…
• In order to improve the situation,
we should…
1 What is the purpose of the letter?
2 What is the existing problem?
3 What are the proposed actions from Class 8? 7 Share your letter with the class.
Earth first 7711Presenting ideas
1 Work in groups. Look at the three items that 2 Create a carbon footprint survey. Think of
contribute to a carbon footprint. Add any two questions and possible answers for
more you can think of. each topic. Give each answer a score from
1 (a low carbon footprint) to 3 (a high
carbon footprint).
• transport
Carbon footprint survey
1 How often do you walk, cycle or take public
transport to school?
Never (3) One to three times a week (2) Almost every day (1)
• meat products
…
3 Carry out the survey and use the results
to come up with ways to reduce carbon
• modern appliances
footprint.
4 Report the results of your survey and your
ideas to the class. Use the expressions in the
box to help you.
Useful expressions
• The average score of our group is…
• The results show that…
• The biggest problem is…
• We’re glad to see that…
• In order to…, we suggest…
Reflection
1 After completing this unit, I can rate my 2 I’ve learnt to make use of the following
performance 1 (excellent), 2 (good) or words and expressions:
3 (in need of improvement).
talk about environmental issues
interrupt someone politely
write a persuasive letter to raise awareness
of an environmental issue 3 I still need to improve:
challenge views or assumptions and make
informed decisions
live a greener life at home and at school
7722 UUNNIITT 66Surveying eating habits
UNIT 1 As a teenager, your body is going through many physical changes, which need to
Project be supported by a healthy, balanced diet. With good eating habits, you will be able
to get the energy and nutrients you need to allow your body to grow and develop
properly.
1 Work in groups. Find out what makes a healthy diet:
Investigate
• nutritional requirements for a healthy diet (protein, fat, carbohydrate, etc)
• main sources of the nutrients (fruit and vegetables for fibre; dairy products for
protein; meat for protein and fat, etc)
2 Research methods to carry out a survey.
1 Decide what specific information you’d like to collect in the survey
Plan
concerning eating habits. Consider the following:
• What food or drink do the subjects of the survey have most frequently?
• What food or drink do they have least frequently?
• How much time do they spend having each meal?
2 Decide how you’d like to carry out the survey and prepare related
documents.
1 Carry out the survey among another group and collect data.
Create
2 Discuss the survey results in your own group. Identify any unhealthy eating
habits and decide how they could be changed.
1 Present your survey results and suggestions on healthier eating habits
Present
to the class.
2 Vote as a class for the group with the healthiest eating habits.
Project 73Making a poster about a festival
UNIT 2 Every nation has its own festivals celebrating different things. Each is special, but
Project many are little known to us. Choose a festival and make a poster to help more
people learn about it.
1 Choose a festival that interests you. It can be a festival in China or elsewhere
Investigate
in the world.
2 Research information about the chosen festival, including its origins,
history, celebrations, etc.
1 Decide what information should be included in your poster.
Plan
2 Organise the information into categories for your poster. Consider the
following:
• Why is the festival celebrated?
• When and how often is it celebrated?
• What are its origins and history?
• How has it changed over time?
1 Write a short paragraph about each piece of information.
Create
2 Find some pictures and add them to the poster.
Present your poster to the class and find out if it makes them interested in this
Present
festival. Develop your poster into a web page and upload it to the Internet
if possible.
74Organising a team sport event
UNIT 3 Team sports are a great thing for young people. They can be a lot of fun and a good
Project way to make friends. Team sports also teach teamwork and build social skills.
1 Think about different types of team sports. For example:
Investigate
• tug-of-war
• football / basketball / volleyball
• relay race
• long-rope skipping
2 Search online to find out more about team sports.
Work in groups. Choose one of the sports and plan a team sport event.
Plan
Think about:
• time • rules of the team sport
• place • things to prepare
1 Take part in your team sport event, making sure that:
Create
• Everyone is fit enough to take part.
• You have examined the equipment for safety before you start.
• You have enough drinking water and some healthy, high-energy snacks.
2 Record the activity by taking photos or shooting a video.
1 In your group, talk about how taking part in the team sport event made you
Present
feel and what benefits it brought you.
2 Share your experiences of the team sport event with the class.
Project 75Acting out a short play
UNIT 4 Have you ever wanted to be part of the magic of the theatre? Here is your chance!
Project Work with your very own theatre group to create a great work!
1 Refer back to Book 1 Unit 3 to review the features of a play.
Investigate
2 Go online or to a library to find out roles in the theatre.
Plan 1 Work in groups. Decide on a story you would like to use. You can choose
a real story from your life, or make one up.
2 Divide your group into the following roles:
• author(s)
• actor(s) / actress(es)
• costume and set designer(s)
• director
• cameraman / camerawoman
1 Write the play, using the story you decided on earlier.
Create
2 After the play is written, the actor(s) / actress(es), director and cameraman /
camerawoman can work together on how to say the lines, and decide
where the actor(s) / actress(es) should be on stage.
3 Meanwhile, the costume and set designer(s) should prepare the costumes
and sets.
4 Rehearse with everyone together. You might need to do this more than once.
Make the last practice a dress rehearsal on set.
5 Record your performance by taking photos or shooting a video.
Show your photos or video to the class. Share your opinions of the plays.
Present
76Making a travel brochure about a country
UNIT 5 People say that travel broadens the mind, but what if you can’t travel anywhere
Project right now? Small in size but full of information, a travel brochure can be a great
way to find out all about another country, including its culture, people, geography
and many other details.
1 Work in groups. Collect some travel brochures about other countries and find
Investigate
out what information they include, such as:
• geography • food
• population • climate
• culture • famous scenic sites
2 Choose a country that you are all interested in and collect information and
pictures about it. You may use the pictures below for inspiration.
1 Decide what information and pictures you are going to include in your
Plan
brochure.
2 Draft the layout of your brochure, thinking about how you will organise
the information, what headings you will use and where you will insert
the pictures.
1 Write the content for your brochure – remember that it must fit into your
Create
chosen layout. Make sure you leave room for your pictures!
2 Arrange the written content and pictures together to form the finished
brochure.
Present your travel brochure to the class. Find out if they would like to visit your
Present
chosen country and why.
Project 77Campaigning for a greener school
UNIT 6 Climate change and pollution are issues that affect us all, so everyone has a
Project responsibility to protect the environment. Look around and find what you can do
to make your school a greener place.
1 Identify areas in your school that would benefit from greater environmental
Investigate
awareness.
2 Work in groups. Discuss in which areas you can make a difference. Research
information about:
• energy saving
• water conservation
• tree planting
1 Decide what you can do to make your school a greener place.
Plan
2 Consider your target audience and the best way to reach them. For example:
• posters, stickers or advertisements
• messages via school website or magazine
• speeches and lectures
• meetings or other events
Make a detailed plan for your campaign. You may want to consider:
Create
• date, time and location • any materials you need to prepare
• how the campaign will be carried out • duties for each group member
1 Present your campaign plan to the class.
Present
2 Evaluate all the plans.
3 Vote as a class for the best campaign plan. If possible, carry out the campaign
together as a class.
78Appendices
• Communication bank
• Learning aid
• Words and expressions
• Vocabulary
• Names and placesCommunication bank
UNIT Useful expressions
• Did you know that…?
Healthy eating
• It’s made from…
• It’s rich in…
9 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to persuade a
• Absolutely. It’s good for…
customer to buy a new mixed fruit drink.
• There’s… off the total price.
Student A
You are a salesperson. You want to persuade a customer
to buy a new mixed fruit drink. You have the following
information about the drink:
• It’s a mixture of six different fruits and vegetables.
• It’s rich in fibre and vitamins.
• It’s good for our digestive system.
• It’s 15 yuan per bottle.
• Customers can get 20% off if they buy five bottles or more
at a time.
UNIT Useful expressions
• Are you free…?
A festival invitation
• Would you like to…?
• It’s celebrated for… on…
8 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about extending
• You can wear…
and accepting an invitation.
• You can… if you like.
Student A
You are inviting a teacher from overseas to celebrate a
traditional festival. You need to give him / her the following
information:
• It‘s called the Double Ninth Festival.
• It’s on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.
• It’s a traditional Chinese festival celebrating good health
and a long life.
• It’s a good opportunity to visit elderly relatives.
• People celebrate the festival by climbing mountains,
appreciating chrysanthemum flowers and drinking
chrysanthemum wine.
• Remember to wear comfortable walking shoes.
• He / She doesn’t need to bring anything.
Communication bank 81Communication bank
UNIT Useful expressions
• Can you tell me something
Traditional sports in China
about…?
• Why did you choose…?
9 Work in pairs. Act out the interview between a sports
• What’s the best / worst thing
journalist and a member of a dragon boat team.
about…?
Student A
• What challenges did you face?
You are a sports journalist and are about to interview a
• What makes you keep going?
member of a dragon boat team. You want to find out the
• What’s your plan…?
following information:
• Thank you for sharing your story
• why he / she chose dragon boat racing
with us.
• the best and worst things about the sport
• the challenges he / she faced
• why he / she keeps going
• his / her plan for the future
UNIT Useful expressions
• I’ve got tickets…
Watching a performance
• It’s close to…
• It starts at…
9 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about making
• We can…
arrangements to go to a comedy show.
• I think…
Student A
• Let’s meet at… at…
You want to go to a comedy show this weekend. Tell
• I suggest…
Student B about the show and make arrangements to go
and see it together.
Argentina’s Famous Mime Comedian
Nana Stuart
Comedy Club
(near the Central Station)
17 & 18 April 6 pm
Tickets $25 at the door (cash only)
82UNIT Useful expressions
• I was wondering where the… is.
Visiting a new place
• Could you please tell me how I
can get to…?
9 Work in pairs. Act out asking for and giving
• When does… open / close?
information.
• Could you recommend any…?
Student A
• What else do you recommend?
You’re visiting a new town and want to find places to do
• Do you happen to know…?
the following things:
• I’d like to know…
• buy a souvenir for a friend
• find information on the history of the town
• taste the famous local food
Ask Student B for information. Take notes while you listen
and try to find the places correctly, marking your route on the
map. Don’t hesitate to ask Student B for further information
about the town.
？
Science
Flower Shop
Museum
High Street
East Park
？ W
a
et
ert
S
r Bookshop Sports Centre Park
Road
e
t Queen Street
Petrol
Station ？
Blue Café
Green Street
Cherry
Street
Senior High School
Train Station
South
Street
You are here.
Communication bank 83Communication bank
UNIT Useful expressions
• Please feel free to stop me if you
Environmental problems to be solved
have any questions.
• Sorry, I’ve made a mistake.
9 Work in pairs and talk about recycling.
• You’re right, …
Student A
• I’m afraid…
Tell Student B about recycling using the information below.
• Well, …
Be prepared to be corrected by Student B.
• The classification of household waste aims to help people
separate different types of waste. This is important because
these different types of waste can be disposed of or
recycled appropriately and effectively.
• Household waste can be roughly divided into:
* food waste
* non-recyclable waste
* recyclable waste, including paper, glass, plastic and used
batteries
• China plans to introduce household waste classification
and sorting in the first batch of cities by 2020. Only Beijing,
Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing are included in the first
batch.
• The target recycling rate in these cities has been set at
55% by 2020.
UNIT Useful expressions
• What’s… made from?
Healthy eating
• Does it have any… in it?
• Is it good for…?
9 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to persuade a
• How much is it?
customer to buy a new mixed fruit drink.
Student B
You are a customer. Student A is selling a new mixed fruit
drink, but you want to make sure that it’s healthy. Ask
Student A for the following information about the drink and
decide if you want to buy it:
• ingredients
• taste
• benefits from drinking it
• price
84UNIT Useful expressions
• Yes, I’d love to…
A festival invitation
• When does…?
• What’s the origin of…?
8 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about extending
• Do I need to…?
and accepting an invitation.
• Should I bring… with me?
Student B
You are a teacher from overseas working in China. One of
your Chinese students invites you to celebrate a traditional
festival. Accept the invitation, but ask for the following
information:
• what the festival is called
• when the festival takes place
• what it celebrates
• what the customs are
• what you need to bring
UNIT Useful expressions
• The main reason was…
Traditional sports in China
• The best / worst thing is…
• My biggest challenge was…
9 Work in pairs. Act out the interview between a sports
• What keeps me going is…
journalist and a member of a dragon boat team.
• I hope that…
Student B
• It’s been a pleasure.
You are a member of a dragon boat team and are about
to be interviewed by a sports journalist. Answer his / her
questions using the following information:
• You were born in a city with a long history of dragon
boat races.
• Building a strong body is the best reward from the sport.
• You once missed a national dragon boat race because of
injuries.
• How to keep going was the biggest challenge in the sport.
• You enjoy and love the sport.
• You hope to spread the Chinese dragon boat culture to
the world.
Communication bank 85Communication bank
UNIT Useful expressions
• Did you manage to get tickets
Watching a performance
for…?
• Where is…?
9 Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about making
• When does it start?
arrangements to go to a comedy show.
• How can we get there?
Student B
• How about…?
Student A wants to go to a comedy show this weekend.
• Where / When shall we meet?
Listen for information about the show and make
• Should I bring…?
arrangements to go and see it together. You will need to ask
for the following information:
• time and place of the show • where and when to meet
• how to get there • what to take with you
UNIT Useful expressions
• It’s on… Street / Road.
Visiting a new place
• Take the first / second turning on
your right / left.
9 Work in pairs. Act out asking for and giving
• Go straight on.
information.
• It opens / closes at…
Student B
• There’s a… called… It’s…
Student A is visiting your town and has a list of things to
• I’d recommend…
do. Give directions and be prepared to provide further
• You can…
information about your town.
Shopping Science
Flower Shop
Centre Museum
High Street
East Park
W
John’s a
Pizza
ert
S
r
et
Bookshop Sports Centre Park
Road
e
t Queen Street
Petrol
Station
Blue Café Library
Green Street
Cherry
Street
Senior High School
Train Station
South
Street
You are here.
86UNIT Useful expressions
• Sorry to interrupt, but…
Environmental problems to be solved
• Excuse me, but can I just ask…?
• Could I just stop you again to
9 Work in pairs and talk about recycling.
check…?
Student B
• Do you mind if I ask another
Listen to Student A talking about recycling. Interrupt politely
question?
to correct him / her using the following information:
• Sorry, but I was wondering
• Used batteries are usually regarded as non-recyclable waste
whether…
and should be disposed of separately.
• Is it OK if I jump in for a second?
• The first batch of cities to introduce household waste
classification and sorting includes Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin,
Chongqing and all capitals of provinces and autonomous
regions.
• The target recycling rate in these cities has been set at
35% by 2020.
Results of the quiz on Page 49
Mostly ‘‘a”: You’re a true adventurer.
You believe travel is about broadening your mind and growing as
a person. You love trying new things, experiencing new places and
meeting new people. The world is one ultimate adventure to you.
Bring it on!
Your next destination: the Antarctic, to journey to the South Pole.
Mostly ‘‘b”: You’re a curious traveller.
While climbing Mount Qomolangma might be a step too far,
you have a healthy sense of adventure. Too many risks would
take the fun out of travel, but you are still keen to embrace new
experiences. Follow your curiosity and see where it takes you
next!
Your next destination: Thailand, to visit some islands.
Mostly ‘‘c”: You’re a traditional tourist.
You prefer to feel safe and comfortable when you travel. There’s
nothing wrong with this, but don’t miss out on new experiences
for fear of the unknown. Take a few steps off the well-beaten path
and give yourself a bit more room for adventure!
Your next destination: London, to go sightseeing.
Communication bank 87Learning aid
1 But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even
after many years of marriage to my mother. He once told
me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when
he first visited my mother’s parents in China.
some dishes that Dad dare not try → Dad does not
have enough courage to try some of the Chinese
dishes.
dare在此句中是一个情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，
dare not表示“不敢”。
Q： dare只能用在否定句中吗？
A： dare作情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句，
形式分别是dare not (daren’t)和Dare I / you /
he…?等，后面跟动词原形。在肯定句中，通
常只用于I dare say这一习惯用语，表示“我想；
我敢说”。
Q： dare可以作实义动词吗？
A： dare作为实义动词，意为“敢，敢于”，在人称、
数和时态等形式变化上与其他实义动词相同。
比如在此句中，dare也可以改为实义动词的用
法，即：There are still some dishes Dad does
not dare to try.
2 Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast” of bacon,
eggs, beans, sausages and toast with butter – Mum and
I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen!
He also does a typical Sunday roast. We all love roast
beef and vegetables, but Mum says we’d better not eat
too much roast food as it may make us suffer from
heat inside our bodies, according to traditional Chinese
medicine.
U
N
I
T
Key expressions
hot pot
take to doing
suffer from
traditional Chinese medicine
come across
remind… of
one man’s meat is another
man’s poison
feel at home with
had better
put… to the test
belong to
not enough room to swing
a cat
end up doing
dairy-free
catch up
bring… up
88We could also say
Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast”of bacon, eggs, beans, sausages
and toast with butter if Mum and I can find a way to get him into the kitchen!
He also can make a typical Sunday roast. We all love roast beef and vegetables,
but Mum says that, according to traditional Chinese medicine, our bodies will
get hot and wear out after we eat too much roast food.
have to:表示“必须，不得不”，人称、数和时态的变化形式为has to和had to，否
定形式为don’t / doesn’t have to和didn’t have to。
Q： have to和must有什么区别？
A： must表示说话人主观上认为必须做的事以及职责、义务等。例如：I must get
up early tomorrow. There are many things I want to do. have to表示由于客观
情况造成的必须要做的事。例如：I have to get up early tomorrow. The train
leaves at 7:30.
Q： don’t have to和mustn’t有什么区别？
A： must用于否定形式表示“禁止”，have to用于否定形式表示“没必要”。
比如，You mustn’t tell others.相当于Don’t tell others.即不要告诉别人；而
You don’t have to tell others.则相当于You needn’t tell others.即不用告诉别
人，自己知道就可以了。
Background information
• Sunday roast is a traditional British main meal, typically served on Sunday.
It consists of roast meat, roast potatoes and vegetables. Traditional
accompaniments such as Yorkshire pudding, sausages, stuffing and gravy
are also served.
• According to traditional Chinese medicine, “heat inside our bodies” is a
general condition of hyperactivity that arises as a result of a fundamental
physical imbalance. When we eat too much roast or spicy food, or undergo
too much physical or emotional stress, our bodies will get “hot”, and we
will become unwell.
3 But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu,
a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe.
come across: to meet, find or discover someone or something by chance
eg I came across my uncle in the gym.
Learning aid 89Learning aid
4 People say that one man’s meat is another man’s poison, but I feel at home with food
from both my cultures.
one man’s meat is another man’s poison: used for saying that something that
one person likes may not be liked by someone else
eg Jack loves to travel to remote areas, but that’s not for Lucy – one man’s
meat is another man’s poison, you know.
5 There’s not enough room to swing a cat in my small apartment, so I don’t cook very often.
not enough room to swing a cat: used for saying that a room is very small and
there is not enough space to live comfortably in it
eg How can you cook in such a small kitchen? There’s not enough room to
swing a cat.
6 My husband and I avoid all products that come from animals. This means we don’t
eat meat, and any milk or cheese had better be dairy-free.
dairy-free: -free combines with nouns to form adjectives that indicate that
something does not have the thing mentioned. Here it means containing no food
made from dairy.以-free构成的词还有fat-free，duty-free，trouble-free等。
eg Dairy-free recipes often use oil instead of butter.
7 Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days. If
we have children, I want to bring them up just like us, but my husband says that
everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.
catch up: to spend time finding out what has been happening while you have
been away or during the time you have not seen someone
eg Come over tomorrow and we can catch up.
bring… up: to look after a child until he / she becomes an adult
eg She brought up three sons on her own.
901 That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the
perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special
time of year. The man who wrote these letters is one of
the most famous names in English literature – J.R.R.
Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings.
That is why Letters from Father Christmas could
be the perfect book… → That is why Letters from
Father Christmas is possibly the perfect book…
情态动词could在此句中表示可能性，在时间上指的是
现在或将来。
Q： could也可以作can的过去式来使用吗？
A： 是的，could作为can的过去式意为“能，会”。
例如：Ten years ago I could run as fast as you.
Q： could也可以表示对过去的推测吗？
A： could后加“have + 过去分词”才能表示对过
去的推测，意为“可能已经”。例如：The
present is not in my bag. I could have left it
in the classroom.而“could not + have +过去
分词”则表示对过去否定的推测。例如：She
couldn’t have joined the party yesterday. She
went abroad last week.
regard… as: to think of someone or something in a
particular way
eg Mid-Autumn Festival is regarded as a time for
families to get together in China.
Background information
The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel
written by J.R.R. Tolkien, the sequel to his earlier
work, The Hobbit. The Lord of the Rings was
published in three volumes in 1954 and 1955, and
has become one of the world’s best-selling novels.
U
N
I
T
Key expressions
keep… alive
as… as
regard… as
address… to
complain about
wrap… up
be keen on
eat out
have… to do with
in one’s opinion
not only… but (also)
Learning aid 91Learning aid
2 Every Christmas, an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived. It was addressed
to Tolkien’s children.
address… to: to write on an envelope, package, etc the name and address of the
person who receives it
eg That letter was addressed to me.
3 The letters were also beautifully illustrated – each must have taken its true author,
Tolkien, a long time to complete.
We could also say
Tolkien had made beautiful pictures and put them in the letters, which had
probably taken him a long time.
each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, a long time to complete → each
letter had probably taken Tolkien a long time to finish
“must + have +过去分词”表示对过去相当肯定的推测，意为“一定（已经）”。
Q： “must + have +过去分词”这个结构应该如何表示否定呢？
A： “must + have +过去分词”只能用于肯定句。否定句中要用“cannot / could
not have done”，意为“不可能（已经）”。例如：Jane walked past me
without speaking. She can’t have seen me.
4 Interestingly, the letters did not contain the usual warnings to children that they
might not receive their presents if they were not good.
they might not receive their presents if they were not good → they would
probably not receive their presents if they did not behave
情态动词might在此句中表示推测，意为“可能”，主要用于肯定句和否定句。
92Q： may也可以表示推测吗？
A： 是的，might比may表示的可能性更为不确定。例如：Mum may be
preparing for the festival in the kitchen. Let’s go and see!
Q： 在表示推测时，might和could有什么区别呢？
A： might和could均可表示“可能性”，在肯定句中二者意思相近，用于否定
句时二者含义不同。could not / cannot表示“不可能”，might not / may
not表示“可能不”。比如，It could not be Lucy.意为“那个人不可能是露西”；
It might not be Lucy.意为“那个人可能不是露西”。
5 … but if you find that not many of the things you asked for have come, and not
perhaps quite as many as sometimes, remember that this Christmas all over the
world there are a terrible number of poor and starving people.
We could also say
… but when you find that you have not received the presents, or as many as
the presents you asked for, you should remember that a large number of people
around the world are still suffering from lack of food during this Christmas.
6 Nowadays, some people choose to have the dinner in a restaurant, but not everyone
is keen on this idea.
be keen on: to like someone or something
eg I’m not keen on cabbage.
Learning aid 93Learning aid
7 When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was what I looked
forward to most. It was not only for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, but
for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together.
We could also say
When I was a little boy, I couldn’t wait for the dinner on the eve of Spring
Festival to come, because at that time we could enjoy the delicious food that
we rarely had at other times, and more importantly, it was an opportunity for
our whole family to get together.
not only… but (also): used for emphasising that, although something is true,
something else is also true or is more important
eg In China, Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated not only as a festival but also
as a public holiday.
94U
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1 Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football
to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most
popular sport out of this world!
Key expressions
given that
given that: taking something into account
go back
eg Usually, I am sensible with money, given that I
to one’s heart’s content
don’t earn that much.
take… for example
put down Background information
a matter of life and death Neil Armstrong was born in the US in 1930. He
list… against was the commander of the Apollo 11 manned lunar
landing mission, and was the first man to step on
social network
the lunar surface. Armstrong passed away in 2012
around the corner
at the age of 82.
in turn
raise money
save… from
die out
2 The history of the game goes back over two thousand
as well as
years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick
ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside.
go back: to have existed since or for a particular time
eg Some of these houses go back to the early
19th century.
Background information
Cuju was an ancient football game in China. It’s
a form of sport and entertainment which was
influential in China for more than 2,000 years. In
the Chinese language, cu means “to kick” and ju
means “a ball made of leather”. Therefore, cuju
literally means “to kick a ball with the foot”.
Learning aid 95Learning aid
3 All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made
of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when he was a boy.
to one’s heart’s content: to do something as much as one wants
eg I was delighted to be able to eat my favourite dishes to my heart’s content.
Background information
Edson Arantes do Nascimento, known as Pelé, was born in 1940 in Brazil and
grew up in poverty. He developed a talent for football by kicking a ball made of
rubbish around the streets. Pelé played professionally in Brazil for two decades,
winning three World Cups along the way, and is considered to be one of the
greatest football players.
4 Another factor behind football’s global popularity is the creativity and excitement on
the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people.
It is fun enough to attract millions of people. → It is so fun that it attracts
millions of people.
动词不定式to attract在句中作结果状语，表示足球非常有趣，足以吸引成千上万的人。
Q： … enough to do是固定搭配吗？
A： 动词不定式在作结果状语时往往用于某些特定的句型结构中，… enough to
do即是其中之一，该结构中enough可置于形容词之后。比如，The room is
large enough to take a third bed.意为“这个房间很大，足够放下第三张床”。
Q： 动词不定式作结果状语还有哪些特定结构呢？
A： 最常见的结构之一就是only to do，用以引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果，
表示说话人并不希望它发生。比如，We hurried to the railway station, only
to find that the train had just left.意为“我们匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现
火车刚刚出站了”。如果把此处的动词不定式only to find当作目的状语，
就会误解为“我们匆忙赶到火车站，目的就是为了看火车开走”，出现谬以
千里的情况。
Q： 动词不定式作结果状语只能用在上面提到的特定结构中吗？
A： 在某些情况下，动词不定式也可以直接在句中作结果状语。比如，He lived
to be a hundred years old.意为“他活到了一百岁”。又如，What have I
done to offend you?意为“我做什么得罪了你？”。
965 You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players – how
they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see – or to feel the
excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.
We could also say
Even if you are not a football fan, it can be amazing to watch professional
players use their bodies to pass, score and defend. You will also become excited
at a game which has an unexpected ending.
6 Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I
had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns
and played football together – one moment of peace to remember during years of
conflict.
one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict → a moment that
can be remembered for the soldiers and the world in times of war
动词不定式to remember作定语，起形容词作用，修饰名词moment。
Q： 动词不定式作定语时，都放在所修饰的名词后面吗？
A： 是的。需要注意的是，当动词不定式与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关
系，而该动词为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。
例如：There is nothing to worry about.但是，当动词不定式修饰的名词是
time，place或way时，不定式中的介词一般可以省去。例如：He had no
money and no place to live.
Q： 动词不定式作定语时，可以使用被动形式吗？
A： 当动词不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动
形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。比如，Do you have anything
to send?意为“你有需要寄的东西吗？”，“寄东西”的执行者是“你”；
而Do you have anything to be sent?意为“你有什么需要我（或别人）去寄
的东西吗？”，动作的执行者是问话者或其他人。
Learning aid 97Learning aid
take… for example: used to give an example of something you have just been
talking about
eg Take, for example, Journey to the West; it has been considered as one of the
most successful TV adaptations of Chinese literature.
put down: to put someone or something onto a surface, especially the floor
eg Emma put her bag down and went upstairs.
Background information
World War I began in 1914 and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought
against the British Empire, France, Russia and other countries (the Allied Powers).
It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers, at a huge cost in human lives.
7 “Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, …” said Bill Shankly, the
famous footballer and manager.
Background information
Bill Shankly (1913–1981) was one of Britain’s most successful and respected
football managers. He was also a good player, but his career was interrupted
during World War II. In 1959, he took charge of Liverpool Football Club and
established it as one of the major forces in the English and European football.
Shankly retired from Liverpool in 1974.
8 As a computer engineer, there’s always a new challenge just around the corner! It can
be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. To help deal
with this, I go running as often as I possibly can.
around the corner: likely to happen soon
eg Spring is just around the corner.
in turn: as a result of something that is part of a connected series of events
eg Her mother taught her, and she in turn taught her own daughter.
989 This year I entered the Great Gorilla Run in London. This is a programme run by
The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s last remaining gorillas
from dying out.
die out: to disappear or stop existing completely
eg The tribe’s traditional way of life is dying out.
Background information
• The annual Great Gorilla Run is to help save gorillas, a species on the
edge of extinction. Since the first Great Gorilla Run in 2003, thousands
of people have joined the 8 km fun run route in gorilla suits through the
city of London. It has raised over £2 million for gorilla conservation and
poverty reduction projects in Central Africa.
• The Gorilla Organization works on gorilla conservation projects in
Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its field staff
in Africa oversee a range of grassroots conservation projects, all of them
aimed at addressing the key threats facing gorillas today.
Learning aid 99Learning aid
Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet
and read the play many times… → Since I had seen
quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the
play many times…
现在分词的完成式作原因状语，强调该动作在句子的
谓语动词之前发生，表示以前看过很多《哈姆雷特》
的戏剧并读过很多遍《哈姆雷特》的剧本。
Q： 在什么情况下可以使用现在分词作状语？
A： 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语和句子的
主语要保持一致，一般用在句首。在此句中，
having seen的逻辑主语是I，和句子I was full
of confidence…的主语是一致的，表示两个动
作是由一个人完成的。
Q： 为什么这句话中的现在分词要用完成式？
A： 现在分词的完成式强调该分词所表示的动作在
句子谓语动词所表示的动作开始之前就已经完
成。例如：Having finished his homework, he
went to play football.表示他先完成了家庭作
业，然后才去踢足球。
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1 Shakespeare’s Hamlet is probably the most important
play by the most important writer in English. Almost
everybody knows “To be, or not to be”, right? Having
Key expressions
seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the
be full of confidence
play many times, I was full of confidence – until the
Peking Opera
Peking Opera came to town!
get across
transform… into
on the edge of one’s seat
tick all the right boxes
base… on
all too often
result in
live up to
to some extent
with… in mind
in one’s own right
turn to
100Background information
• William Shakespeare is regarded as England’s national poet and is
considered the greatest playwright of all time. His works are known
throughout the world, though few details are known about his life. He
wrote a total of 37 plays, which are classified as histories, tragedies,
comedies and tragicomedies. His plays remain popular today and are
often reinterpreted in performances with wide-ranging cultural and
historical contexts.
• Hamlet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. As his longest play,
it is considered among the most powerful and influential works of world
literature. Prince Hamlet is called upon by the supernatural to take
revenge upon his uncle, Claudius, who has murdered his brother the king,
seized the throne and married the dead king’s widow in unseemly haste.
Concerned with love, death and betrayal, Hamlet gives no easy answers
to the questions it raises, and everyone understands it in a personal way.
• “To be, or not to be” is the opening phrase spoken by Prince Hamlet in
William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Act III, Scene I. These are possibly
the most famous words in English literature and introduce Hamlet’s
meditations upon life – “To be, or not to be” refers to the choice to be made
between dying or continuing to live. The speech also contains a reference
to Hamlet’s hesitation to avenge his father’s murder on his uncle, King
Claudius.
2 To find out the answer, I just had to go and see The Revenge of Prince Zidan – the
Peking Opera version of Hamlet.
Background information
The Revenge of Prince Zidan is an adaptation of Hamlet into Peking Opera
by Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company. The plot follows that of Hamlet, with
Prince Zidan taking revenge upon his evil uncle, who has murdered Prince
Zidan’s father and married his mother. The production includes some of
Shakespeare’s famous lines, such as the “To be, or not to be” speech.
Learning aid 101Learning aid
3 The performers of course sang in Chinese, but the music, exaggerated movements
and mime helped get the meanings across to the audience.
get across: to succeed in communicating an idea or a piece of information to
someone
eg What message is the director trying to get across to us?
4 Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince Zidan, I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it.
But, in fact, I was on the edge of my seat!
on the edge of one’s seat: waiting excitedly to see what happens next
eg This film will keep you on the edge of your seat.
5 So, if you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume
design with explosive effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes!
tick all the right boxes: (informal) if something ticks all the right boxes, it does
everything that you wanted it to do or is everything you wanted it to be
eg The newest thriller ticks all the right boxes the author’s fans will be hoping for.
6 All too often, great words end up being turned into cinematic “turkeys”.
We could also say
It happens rather often that people make very bad films based upon very
good books.
all too often: used for saying that something makes you sad or upset because it
happens more often than you think it should
eg All too often, parents leave their children at home alone.
turkey: (informal) movies or plays that are very unsuccessful
eg That movie is one of Hollywood’s biggest turkeys of all time.
1027 If so, why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling,
Homer’s The Odyssey, never had an equally great movie based on it? Movies need
strong characters. So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been
praised as “great”? Movies of course need impressive images, so why has Alice in
Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”?
result in: to cause something, or to produce something
eg The car accident resulted in the death of two passengers.
Background information
• Homer is traditionally regarded as the author of two epic poems from
Ancient Greece, The Iliad and The Odyssey. He is supposed to have lived
sometime between the 9th and 8th centuries BC, possibly on the coast of
Asia Minor. Scholars still debate whether a single poet named Homer ever
existed, as the poems were transmitted orally for many years before they
were written down, and may have been worked on by many different poets.
Nonetheless, The Iliad and The Odyssey have had an enormous effect on
Greek and subsequent Western culture.
• The Odyssey is the second of the two epic poems attributed to the Ancient
Greek poet Homer. It tells the story of the Greek hero Odysseus and his
ten-year voyage home to his island kingdom of Ithaca after the Trojan
War, which is the subject of The Iliad. It has had a strong influence on
later European literature. Modern English still uses the word “odyssey” to
describe an epic voyage or journey.
• The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott
Fitzgerald. Though now regarded as one of the greatest American novels,
the book sold poorly to begin with and Fitzgerald died before it received
acclaim. Set in the Jazz Age of the 1920s, the story primarily concerns
the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his passion for the
beautiful Daisy Buchanan. As the narrative progresses, it shows Gatsby’s
rise from humble origins to immense wealth, all in a quest to win back
Daisy, his first love.
• Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is an 1865 novel written by English
mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name
Lewis Carroll. It tells the story of a girl named Alice, who falls through
a rabbit hole into a fantasy world where she has some highly illogical
adventures with the peculiar characters that live there. The book was an
immediate success with children and adults, and has remained popular
ever since.
Learning aid 103Learning aid
8 Take, for example, the epic movie Troy, which is in part based on Homer’s The Iliad
and was met with mixed reviews from the audience. The most questionable issue was
the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she didn’t live up
to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”, influencing opinions of
the movie to some extent.
live up to: if something or someone lives up to a particular standard or
promise, they do as well as they were expected to, or what they promised, etc
eg The film has certainly lived up to my expectations.
to some extent: used for saying how true something is or how great an effect or
change is
eg To some extent this was the truth.
Background information
• Troy is a 2004 American movie directed by Wolfgang Petersen and loosely
based on Homer’s epic The Iliad. The movie shows the assault on Troy by
the Greek forces and described the fates of the men involved.
• The Iliad is an epic poem, reputedly by the Ancient Greek poet Homer,
which recounts the last weeks of the Trojan War. The Iliad is considered to
be the earliest work in the Western literary tradition, and has featured in
many other later Greek, Roman and Renaissance writings.
• In Greek mythology, Helen was known as the most beautiful woman in the
world, and her abandonment of her Spartan husband Menelaus for Paris of
Troy provided the pretext for the Trojan War.
1049 With this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right, and not against
its original source. Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television
series such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters and gradual
plot development.
with… in mind: while thinking about someone or something
eg With that in mind, let us turn to Page 77.
in one’s own right: as a result of one’s own ability, achievements, qualifications,
etc and not because of anyone or anything else
eg Her father is a well-known author, but she is an excellent writer in her
own right.
turn to: to start doing something new or different from what you were doing
before
eg The ex-football star later turned to acting.
Background information
• Sherlock is a crime drama series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s
Sherlock Holmes detective stories. Unlike the original stories, it is set in
modern times and features modern technologies such as computers and
smartphones. The character of Sherlock Holmes, however, remains close in
tone to the original.
• Mad Men is an American television drama series. Set in the 1960s, it tells
the story of one of New York’s best advertisement agencies, focusing on the
firm’s mysterious but talented advertisement executive, Don Draper. The
series won critical acclaim for its scripts and high production values.
Learning aid 105Learning aid
Background information
Western Australia is one of the six states of
Australia. As the name suggests, it is located on
the west of the continent, and takes up about one-
third of the continent’s landmass. Though much of
Western Australia is desert, its great size means that
it has a diverse climate, flora and fauna. Its capital
city is Perth.
Background information
• Located 2,240 kilometres north of Perth,
Broome is a coastal tourist town in the
Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is
one of Western Australia’s most popular
tourist destinations, as it provides access to the
Kimberley region’s wilderness areas.
• The Kimberley region covers Australia’s
northwestern corner, and is well known for
its spectacular wilderness. It has a complex
landscape that includes great gorges, waterfalls
and cave systems, pockets of rainforest and a
large variety of wildlife.
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1 I first visited Western Australia for work in 2013.
Key expressions
post pictures on a blog
be determined to do
fall in love with
work full time
make an impact on
make a comment about
be used to
over time
can’t wait to do
pick up 2 I have made over 140 work trips, but my best work trip
a sense of direction ever was to Broome in the Kimberley region.
fall asleep
cheer… up
keep in touch
1063 This crocodile is used to passengers throwing food from boats and now she is
becoming familiar with humans. Over time, this could make her a danger to people
living in the area.
people living in the area → people who live in the area
living in the area是一个现在分词短语，修饰people，补充更多信息，表示“那些住
在该地区的”人。
Q： 现在分词结构的作用是什么？
A： 现在分词结构具有主动意义，可以替代定语从句，从而使语言更加简洁而正式。
Q： 现在分词结构放在名词前还是名词后？
A： 单个分词作定语，一般置于所修饰的名词前，其作用相当于形容词；分词短
语作定语，置于所修饰的名词后。
be used to: if you are used to doing something, it is familiar to you because
you have often done it before
eg I am used to travelling up and down the country.
4 We started from Vancouver, where we picked up our vehicle for the trip – a home on
wheels. It took us where we wanted, when we wanted.
We could also say
The starting point of our trip was Vancouver. There we rented a motor home
and drove to any places at any time we liked.
pick up: to collect something that has been left elsewhere
eg I picked up a car and drove to Rome.
Background information
Vancouver is a major seaport on the coast of Southwestern British Columbia,
Canada. With its beautiful views, mild climate and friendly people, Vancouver is
known as both a popular tourist attraction and a good place to live in. It is also
ethnically diverse, and has a high proportion of immigrants from China.
Learning aid 107Learning aid
5 We got lost a few times even with the help of GPS, but eventually we managed to
cross the Rocky Mountains.
GPS: abbreviation for Global Positioning System, a system for finding exactly
where you are anywhere in the world using satellites
Background information
The Rocky Mountains are a broad mountain range running some 4,800
kilometres from Northern Alberta and British Columbia in Canada to New
Mexico in the United States.
6 We reached Quebec on the eighth day, where most people speak French. Well,
actually, they speak Quebecois, which is a type of Canadian French.
Background information
• Quebec is an eastern province of Canada, with Quebec City as its capital
and Montreal the economic and cultural centre. The name “Quebec” was
taken from an Algonquin word meaning “where the river narrows”.
• Quebecois is the variety of French spoken in the province of Quebec, often
called “Quebec French” in English.
7 So, we’re now in Newfoundland, the very eastern part of Canada and the end of our
journey.
Background information
Newfoundland is part of the easternmost province of Canada, known since
2001 as Newfoundland and Labrador. The province of Newfoundland and
Labrador is divided into two unequal areas: Labrador is the much larger
mainland territory to the north, while Newfoundland is the smaller island to
the south.
108U
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1 We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.
Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in
fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene
Key expressions
from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack.
in fear
be scared / frightened /
afraid of see a woman swimming at night → see a woman
who is swimming at night
cut… off
swimming at night是一个现在分词短语，在句中作宾
have a(n)… effect upon
语补足语，修饰woman，补充更多信息，表示看见一
see… as
个女人在夜晚游泳。
the other way round
Q： 现在分词作宾语补足语的用法是什么？
mistake… for
A： 现在分词作宾语补足语有两个典型的结构，一
break down
是“see / smell / hear / feel / … +宾语+现在
stand-by mode
分词”，表示动作正在进行。例如：Do you
common sense smell something burning?意为“你有没有闻
take… into account 到什么东西烧煳了？”，强调“烧煳了”这个
动作正在进行。二是“have / get / … +宾语+
现在分词”，表示“让……一直做某事”。例如：
The farmers had the tractor working day and
night at harvest time.意为“农忙时，农民们
让拖拉机夜以继日地干活”，强调拖拉机一直
在运转。
Q： 过去分词可以作宾语补足语吗？
A： 可以。过去分词作宾语补足语的结构与前面讲
过的现在分词作宾语补足语的结构相同，但
是意义不同。过去分词在see，smell等动词后
作宾语补足语，强调被动的状态。例如：He
heard his name called.意为“他听见有人叫他
的名字”，表示名字是“被叫”的。在have，
get等动词后作宾语补足语，常表示动词的
主语请别人来完成该动作。例如：He got his
tooth pulled out yesterday.意为“他昨天拔牙
了”，含有请牙医完成拔牙这个动作的含义。
in fear: used when you are afraid or worried that
something bad is going to happen
eg The children looked at her in fear.
Learning aid 109Learning aid
Background information
Jaws is a 1975 American film, a thriller by noted director Steven Spielberg.
It is based on Peter Benchley’s 1974 novel of the same name. In the story, a giant
man-eating white shark attacks beachgoers at an American seaside town. The
local police chief teams up with a marine biologist and an old shark hunter to
hunt it down.
2 Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote
the book the film Jaws was based on.
Background information
Peter Benchley (1940–2006) was an American author and screenwriter. He is
best known for his best-selling novel Jaws, which was later adapted as a film
by Steven Spielberg. Some of his other works were also adapted for cinema,
including The Deep, The Island and White Shark. Benchley later regretted
writing sensationalist works about sharks, and became a strong advocate for
marine conservation.
3 Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. He came to
see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round.
the other way round: the opposite of what you have just mentioned
eg Students practise translating from Chinese into English and the other
way round.
1104 It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.
break down: if a substance breaks down or is broken down into parts,
it separates into the parts that it is made up of
eg The substance is easily broken down by bacteria.
5 In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more
greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away – even taking into account
its transport.
We could also say
Sometimes, even when we consider food transport, local food might have used
more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than food that is grown
a long way away.
take… into account: to consider something when you are trying to make
a decision
eg A good transport strategy must take into account the environmental issues.
Learning aid 111Words and expressions
UNIT 1 gather / / v. 聚集 3
ˈɡæðə
maple / / n. 枫树，槭树 1 bite / / n. 咬 3
ˈmeɪp(ə)l baɪt
pudding / ˈpʊdɪŋ / n. 布丁 2 ▫ cheese / tʃiːz / n. 干酪，奶酪 3
black pudding 血肠，黑香肠 2 * someday / ˈsʌmdeɪ / adv. 将来会有一天，
snack / / n. （ 正餐以外的）小吃，点心 2 有朝一日 3
snæk
▫ cuisine / kwɪˈziːn / n. 烹饪（法） 2 poison / ˈpɔɪz(ə)n / n. 毒素，毒物，毒药 3
* spicy / ˈspaɪsi / adj. （ 食物）加有香料的，辛辣的 2 * oolong / ˈuːˌlɒŋ / n. 乌龙茶 3
hot pot 火锅 2 china / / n. 瓷，瓷料 3
ˈtʃaɪnə
▫ dare / deə / modal verb 胆敢，敢于 2 symbol / ˈsɪmb(ə)l / n. 象征，标志 4
marriage / / n. 婚姻 2 opinion / / n. 意见，看法 4
ˈmærɪdʒ əˈpɪnjən
wedding / / n. 婚礼 2 function / / n. （ 事物的）功能；作用 5
ˈwedɪŋ ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n
sort / / n. 种，类 3 download / / v. 下载（信息或程序） 5
sɔːt ˌdaʊnˈləʊd
▫ butcher / ˈbʊtʃə / n. 肉贩 3 ▫ related / rɪˈleɪtɪd / adj. 有关系的，相关的 5
super / / adj. 极好的，了不起的 3 diet / / n. 日常饮食 5
ˈsuːpə ˈdaɪət
▫ bacon / ˈbeɪkən / n. （ 通常切成薄片的）咸猪肉， addict / ˈædɪkt / n. 对……着迷的人 5
熏猪肉 3 tip / / n. 指点，建议 5
tɪp
▫ sausage / ˈsɒsɪdʒ / n. 香肠 3 custom / ˈkʌstəm / n. 风俗，习惯，传统 5
▫ toast / təʊst / n. 烤面包（片），吐司 3 ▫ manners / ˈmænəz / n. 礼貌，礼仪 5
butter / / n. 黄油，牛油 3 in case 以防万一 5
ˈbʌtə
typical / ˈtɪpɪk(ə)l / adj. 典型的，有代表性的 3 ▫ trick / trɪk / n. 诀窍，技巧，技法 5
▫ roast / rəʊst / n. 大块烤肉 plate / pleɪt / n. 盘，碟 5
adj. 烤好的，烤制的 3 ▫ handle / ˈhændl / n. 柄，把手 5
suffer / ˈsʌfə / v. （ 身体或精神上）受苦 3 ▫ differ / ˈdɪfə / v. 不同，不一样，有区别 5
* stinky / ˈstɪŋki / adj. 难闻的，有臭味的 3 ▫ BBQ / ˈbɑːbɪkjuː / n. （ barbecue的缩写）烧烤野餐 6
▫ tofu / ˈtəʊfuː / n. 豆腐 3 * tender / ˈtendə / adj. 嫩的，软的（尤指烹饪恰到
horrible / / adj. 糟糕的 3 好处） 6
ˈhɒrəb(ə)l
注：词汇表中，未加符号的单词为必修单词；加▫的为选择性必修单词；加*的为未做要求的单词。
112▫ steak / steɪk / n. 牛排 6 satisfying / ˈsætɪsfaɪ-ɪŋ / adj. 令人高兴的，
* sauce / sɔːs / n. 调味汁，酱汁 6 令人满意的 9
slightly / ˈslaɪtli / adv. 略微，稍微 6 * homemade / ˌhəʊmˈmeɪd / adj. 自制的，家里做的 9
▫ incredibly / ɪnˈkredɪbli / adv. 极端地，非常地 6 ▫ chef / ʃef / n. 厨师 9
* pizzeria / ˌpiːtsəˈriːə / n. 比萨饼餐厅 6 convenient / kənˈviːniənt / adj. 方便的，便利的 9
* vegetarian / ˌvedʒɪˈteəriən / adj. （ 全是）蔬菜的， identify / aɪˈdentɪfaɪ / v. 确定，发现 9
没有肉类的 6 ▫ recipe / ˈresɪpi / n. 烹饪法，食谱 11
▫ bitter / ˈbɪtə / adj. 苦的，有苦味的 6 blog / blɒɡ / v. 写博客
▫ bakery / ˈbeɪkəri / n. 面包店，糕饼店 6 n. 博客，网络日志 11
* cheesecake / ˈtʃiːzkeɪk / n. 干酪蛋糕 6 originally / əˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)li / adv. 原先，最初 11
▫ creamy / ˈkriːmi / adj. 似奶油的，软厚平滑的， ▫ ranking / ˈræŋkɪŋ / n. 排行，排名 11
光滑细软的 6 official / / n. 官员，高级职员 11
əˈfɪʃ(ə)l
recommend / ˌrekəˈmend / v. 推荐 6 ▫ reconstruct / ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt / v. 重建，再建 11
▫ acid / ˈæsɪd / n. 酸 7 ▫ salty / ˈsɔːlti / adj. 含盐的，咸的 11
attack / əˈtæk / v. 侵袭，侵蚀 7 ▫ sour / saʊə / adj. 酸（味）的 11
yoghurt / ˈjɒɡət / n. 酸乳，酸奶 7 ▫ resist / rɪˈzɪst / v. 忍住，按捺 11
within / / prep. 在……里 7 adapt / / v. （ 使）适应，（使）适合 11
wɪðˈɪn əˈdæpt
* lifestyle / ˈlaɪfstaɪl / n. 生活方式 9 pick up 买，购买 11
belong / bɪˈlɒŋ / v. 属于 9 ▫ breast / brest / n. （ 禽类的）胸脯肉 11
belong to 属于 9 ▫ onion / ˈʌnjən / n. 洋葱（头） 11
▫ swing / swɪŋ / v. （ 使）（前后）摆动，（使）摇摆 9
end up （ 尤指经历一系列意外后）最终处于， UNIT 2
到头来 9 honour / / v. 向……表示敬意 13
ˈɒnə
honey / / n. 蜂蜜 9 dragon / / n. 龙 13
ˈhʌni ˈdræɡən
catch up 打听（不在时所发生的事情）， ▫ lunar / ˈluːnə / adj. 月球的 13
别后叙谈 9 ▫ poet / ˈpəʊɪt / n. 诗人 13
▫ construction / kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n / n. 建造，建筑 9 ▫ harvest / ˈhɑːvɪst / n. 收成 13
Words and expressions 113Words and expressions
decoration / / n. 装饰物 13 guy / / n. （ 尤指青年）男子 17
ˌdekəˈreɪʃ(ə)n ɡaɪ
▫ freedom / ˈfriːdəm / n. 自由，自由权利 13 ▫ wave / weɪv / v. 挥手，招手 17
▫ participate / pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt / v. 参加，参与 13 lantern / ˈlæntən / n. 灯笼 18
▫ vote / vəʊt / v. 投票，表决 13 ▫ dessert / dɪˈzɜːt / n. （ 饭后的）甜食，甜品，甜点 18
regardless / / adv. 不管，不顾 13 attract / / v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣 18
rɪˈɡɑːdləs əˈtrækt
inequality / ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti / n. （ 社会上的）不平等 13 * firework / ˈfaɪəwɜːk / n. 烟火，烟花 18
▫ fantasy / ˈfæntəsi / n. 幻想，想象 14 decorate / ˈdekəreɪt / v. 装饰，布置，美化 18
▫ novel / ˈnɒv(ə)l / n. （ 长篇）小说 14 ▫ riddle / ˈrɪdl / n. 谜，谜语 18
▫ limitless / ˈlɪmɪtləs / adj. 无限的 14 ▫ competition / ˌkɒmpɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n / n. 比赛，竞赛 18
regard / / v. 认为，看作 14 formal / / adj. 正式的 19
rɪˈɡɑːd ˈfɔːm(ə)l
regard… as… 把……视作…… 14 host / / n. 东道主，主人 19
həʊst
literature / / n. 文学 14 occasion / / n. 场合，时刻 20
ˈlɪt(ə)rətʃə əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n
envelope / / n. 信封 14 editor / / n. （ 报纸、杂志的）主编，编辑 20
ˈenvələʊp ˈedɪtə
pole / pəʊl / n. （ 行星的）地极，（尤指地球的） * embrace / ɪmˈbreɪs / v. 欣然接受，乐意采纳
北极或南极 14 （新思想、意见等） 20
* handwritten / ˌhændˈrɪtn / adj. 手写的 15 admit / ədˈmɪt / v. （ 不情愿地）承认 20
regular / / adj. 频繁的，经常的 15 effort / / n. 力气，精力 20
ˈreɡjʊlə ˈefət
▫ polar / ˈpəʊlə / adj. 极地的 15 loss / lɒs / n. 失去，丧失 20
▫ roof / ruːf / n. （ 建筑物、汽车、帐篷等的）顶， eve / iːv / n. 前夕，前一天 20
顶部 15 software / / n. （ 计算机）软件 20
ˈsɒftweə
▫ complain / kəmˈpleɪn / v. 抱怨，不满，发牢骚 15 adult / ˈædʌlt / n. 成人，成年人 21
▫ warning / ˈwɔːnɪŋ / n. 警告，警示，告诫 15 * token / ˈtəʊkən / n. 象征，标志 21
▫ starving / ˈstɑːvɪŋ / adj. 挨饿的，即将饿死的 15 process / ˈprəʊses / n. （ 为达到某目标的）过程，
indicate / / v. 表明，显示 17 进程 21
ˈɪndɪkeɪt
request / / n. 请求，要求 17 retired / / adj. 退休的 21
rɪˈkwest rɪˈtaɪəd
fancy / / adj. 花哨的，别致的 17 exist / / v. 存在，实际上有 22
ˈfænsi ɪɡˈzɪst
fancy dress 化装服 17 overseas / / adv. 在海外，在外国 22
ˌəʊvəˈsiːz
114global / ˈɡləʊb(ə)l / adj. 全球的，全世界的 23 ▫ monitor / ˈmɒnɪtə / v. 监视，监测 29
▫ citizen / ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n / n. 公民，市民 23 ▫ setting / ˈsetɪŋ / n. （ 机器、仪器等调控装置的）
nationality / / n. 国籍；民族 23 设定位置，调节点 29
ˌnæʃəˈnæləti
audience / ˈɔːdiəns / n. 听众，观众 23 ▫ adjustable / əˈdʒʌstəb(ə)l / adj. 可调整的，
▫ interact / ˌɪntərˈækt / v. 互动 23 可调节的 29
joy / dʒɔɪ / n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦 23 ▫ available / əˈveɪləb(ə)l / adj. 可用的，可获得的 29
▫ phenomenon / fɪˈnɒmɪnən / n. 现象 23 ▫ skip / skɪp / v. 跳绳 30
* plank / plæŋk / n. 平板支撑 30
UNIT 3 balance / / n. 平衡 30
ˈbæləns
surfing / / n. 冲浪（运动） 25 bar / / n. 横木 30
ˈsɜːfɪŋ bɑː
represent / / v. 代表，表示 26 upper / / adj. （ 位置）较上的，较高的，
ˌreprɪˈzent ˈʌpə
goal / / n. 球门 26 上面的 30
ɡəʊl
basis / / n. 基础；根据 26 bone / / n. 骨头，骨 30
ˈbeɪsɪs bəʊn
equipment / ɪˈkwɪpmənt / n. 装备，设备，用具 26 ▫ involve / ɪnˈvɒlv / v. 包含，需要 31
content / / n. 满意，满足 26 master / / n. 大师，能手 31
kənˈtent ˈmɑːstə
to one’s heart’s content 尽情地；心满意足地 26 response / / n. 回答，答复 31
rɪˈspɒns
▫ plastic / ˈplæstɪk / adj. 塑料制的 26 ▫ interpret / ɪnˈtɜːprɪt / v. 理解，了解，解释 32
factor / / n. 因素，要素 26 data / / n. 资料，数据 32
ˈfæktə ˈdeɪtə
▫ defend / dɪˈfend / v. （ 在比赛中）防守，防卫 26 ▫ label / ˈleɪb(ə)l / n. 标签，标记 32
* twist / twɪst / n. （ 形势或事态的）意外转折 26 * asthma / ˈæsmə / n. 哮喘（病） 32
▫ soldier / ˈsəʊldʒə / n. 士兵，军人 27 ▫ lung / lʌŋ / n. 肺 32
▫ conflict / ˈkɒnflɪkt / n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争 27 power / ˈpaʊə / n. 力量 33
death / deθ / n. 死，死亡 27 ▫ network / ˈnetwɜːk / n. 人际关系网，联络网 33
* assure / əˈʃʊə / v. 向……保证，使确信 27 tension / ˈtenʃ(ə)n / n. 紧张，焦虑 33
▫ chart / tʃɑːt / v. 记录，跟踪（变化或进展） 29 disappear / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə / v. 消失，不见 33
▫ ideal / ˌaɪˈdɪəl / adj. 理想的，最好的 29 * gorilla / ɡəˈrɪlə / n. 大猩猩 33
▫ display / dɪˈspleɪ / n. 显示器 29 die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝 33
Words and expressions 115Words and expressions
sweaty / ˈsweti / adj. 满是汗的，被汗水湿透的 33 ▫ universe / ˈjuːnɪvɜːs / n. 宇宙，天地，万物 39
ache / eɪk / v. （ 持续而隐隐地）作痛 33 * backflip / ˈbækflɪp / n. 直体后空翻 39
inspire / ɪnˈspaɪə / v. 鼓舞，激励 34 ▫ incredible / ɪnˈkredɪb(ə)l / adj. 难以置信的 39
am / ˌeɪˈem / 午前，上午 35 * dazzling / ˈdæz(ə)lɪŋ / adj. 令人印象深刻的，
▫ persuade / pəˈsweɪd / v. 说服，劝服 35 特别吸引人的 39
champion / / n. （ 尤指体育比赛中的） energetic / / adj. 精力充沛的，
ˈtʃæmpiən ˌenəˈdʒetɪk
冠军，第一名 35 充满活力的 39
▫ ultimate / ˈʌltɪmɪt / adj. （ 目标等）最终的 35 clap / klæp / v. 拍（手），鼓（掌） 39
▫ edge / edʒ / n. 边缘 39
UNIT 4 on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动 39
opera / ˈɒp(ə)rə / n. 歌剧 37 ▫ emotion / ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n / n. 强烈的情感 39
movement / ˈmuːvmənt / n. 运动，动作 38 ▫ anger / ˈæŋɡə / n. 愤怒，怒火 39
aspect / ˈæspekt / n. 方面 38 * grief / ɡriːf / n. 悲痛 39
* revenge / rɪˈvendʒ / n. 报复，报仇 38 ▫ combine / kəmˈbaɪn / v. （ 使）结合，（使）组合 39
* prince / prɪns / n. 王子 38 poetry / ˈpəʊɪtri / n. 诗，诗歌 39
▫ version / ˈvɜːʃ(ə)n / n. 版本 38 ▫ explosive / ɪkˈspləʊsɪv / adj. 爆炸（式）的，
▫ string / strɪŋ / n. （ 乐器的）弦 38 爆发的 39
* exaggerated / ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtɪd / adj. （ 声音或动作） tick all the right boxes 事情发展如人所愿，
夸张的 38 一切顺利 39
* mime / maɪm / n. （ 演戏等时的）做手势（或其他 ▫ applaud / əˈplɔːd / v. （ 为……）鼓掌 41
示意动作） 38 ▫ grateful / ˈɡreɪtf(ə)l / adj. 感谢的，感激的 41
get across 解释清楚，传达 38 extremely / / adv. 极度，极其 41
ɪkˈstriːmli
female / ˈfiːmeɪl / adj. 女（性）的 38 ▫ overcome / ˌəʊvəˈkʌm / v. 控制（感情），克服
* whip / wɪp / n. 鞭子 38 （困难） 41
technique / / n. 技巧，手法 39 ballet / / n. 芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演 41
tekˈniːk ˈbæleɪ
▫ transform / trænsˈfɔːm / v. 使改观，使变形， ▫ absorbed / əbˈsɔːbd / adj. 专心致志的 41
使转化 39 romantic / / adj. 浪漫的 41
rəʊˈmæntɪk
116▫ comedy / ˈkɒmɪdi / n. 喜剧 42 in one’s own right 凭借自身，靠自己 45
documentary / / n. 纪录片 42 original / / adj. 原先的，最初的 45
ˌdɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri əˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)l
absolutely / ˈæbsəluːtli / adv. 完全地，绝对地 42 ▫ fictional / ˈfɪkʃ(ə)nəl / adj. 虚构的，编造的，
▫ episode / ˈepɪsəʊd / n. （ 电视连续剧或广播连载 小说（中）的 47
节目中的）一集 42 awkward / / adj. 紧张的；不舒适的 47
ˈɔːkwəd
put on 表演（节目） 42 ▫ behave / bɪˈheɪv / v. 表现 47
▫ appealing / əˈpiːlɪŋ / adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的 42 normal / ˈnɔːm(ə)l / adj. 正常的，平常的 47
definitely / ˈdefɪnɪtli / adv. 确切地，肯定地 42 ▫ responsibility / rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlɪti / n. 责任 47
▫ plot / plɒt / n. （ 书、电影、戏剧的）情节 42 ▫ absence / ˈæbs(ə)ns / n. 缺乏，没有 47
▫ rude / ruːd / adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的 42
transport / / n. 交通运输系统， UNIT 5
ˈtrænspɔːt
运输方式 43 destination / / n. 目的地，终点 49
ˌdestɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
arrangement / əˈreɪndʒmənt / n. 安排，筹划 43 ▫ gallery / ˈɡæləri / n. 美术馆，画廊 51
brief / briːf / adj. 短暂的 44 * indigenous / ɪnˈdɪdʒ(ə)nəs / adj. 本地的，
* cinematic / ˌsɪnɪˈmætɪk / adj. 电影的 44 土生土长的 51
turkey / / n. （ 电影或戏剧的）失败之作 44 kangaroo / / n. 袋鼠 51
ˈtɜːki ˌkæŋɡəˈruː
* storytelling / ˈstɔːrɪˌtelɪŋ / n. 讲故事，说书 44 * crocodile / ˈkrɒkədaɪl / n. 鳄鱼 51
* wonderland / ˈwʌndəlænd / n. （ 故事中的）仙境， * quest / kwest / n. （ 长期的）寻求，探索，追求 51
奇境 44 quit / / v. 离开（工作岗位、学校等）；离任 52
kwɪt
escape / ɪˈskeɪp / v. （ 从危险或糟糕的处境中） ▫ profession / prəˈfeʃ(ə)n / n. （ 需要高等教育和
逃离，逃避，摆脱 45 训练的）专业，行业 52
▫ disappointed / ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd / adj. 失望的， previous / ˈpriːviəs / adj. 以前的，先前的 52
沮丧的 45 ▫ route / ruːt / n. 路线 53
* epic / ˈepɪk / adj. 史诗般的；壮丽的，宏大的 45 ▫ aboard / əˈbɔːd / prep. 在（船、飞机、火车）上 53
live up to 符合（标准），不负（盛名） 45 ▫ landscape / ˈlændskeɪp / n. （ 陆上的）风景，景致 53
extent / ɪkˈstent / n. 程度 45 ▫ dramatic / drəˈmætɪk / adj. 激动人心的；给人
to some extent 在某种程度上 45 印象深刻的 53
Words and expressions 117Words and expressions
▫ hike / haɪk / v. 在……徒步旅行，远足 53 UNIT 6
volcano / vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ / n. 火山 53 ▫ shark / ʃɑːk / n. 鲨（鱼） 62
* embassy / ˈembəsi / n. 大使馆 54 scare / skeə / v. 使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 62
* visa / ˈviːzə / n. （ 护照上的）签证 54 due to 由于，因为 62
▫ budget / ˈbʌdʒɪt / n. 预算 54 * fin / fɪn / v. 切去（鱼的）鳍
chain / / n. 连锁店，连锁集团 54 n. 鱼鳍 62
tʃeɪn
* transfer / ˈtrænsfɜː / n. 转乘，换乘 54 ▫ dive / daɪv / v. （ 通常指使用呼吸设备的）潜水 63
* luggage / ˈlʌɡɪdʒ / n. 行李 54 target / ˈtɑːɡɪt / v. 把……作为目标 63
* currency / ˈkʌrənsi / n. 货币，通货 54 fortunately / ˈfɔːtʃ(ə)nətli / adv. 幸运地 63
credit / / n. 赊购，信贷 54 extinction / / n. 灭绝，绝种 63
ˈkredɪt ɪkˈstɪŋkʃ(ə)n
credit card 信用卡 54 attitude / / n. （ 尤指通过行为表现出的
ˈætɪtjuːd
* souvenir / ˌsuːvəˈnɪə / n. 纪念品，纪念物 54 对某事的一般）看法，态度 64
cash / kæʃ / n. 现款，现金 54 ▫ devote / dɪˈvəʊt / v. 致力，献身，倾注 65
flight / / n. 航班，班机 54 ocean / / n. 海洋，大海 65
flaɪt ˈəʊʃ(ə)n
▫ remote / rɪˈməʊt / adj. 偏僻的，偏远的 55 ▫ highlight / ˈhaɪlaɪt / v. 使……突出，使注意力
▫ engage / ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ / v. 参与，参加 55 集中于 65
café / ˈkæfeɪ / n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 55 ▫ cruelty / ˈkruːəlti / n. 残忍，残酷，残暴 65
soccer / ˈsɒkə / n. 英式足球 56 ▫ hunting / ˈhʌntɪŋ / n. 打猎，狩猎 65
continent / ˈkɒntɪnənt / n. 洲，大洲，大陆 57 ▫ presentation / ˌprez(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n / n. 报告，
vehicle / / n. 交通工具，车辆 57 （观点的）陈述，说明 65
ˈviːɪk(ə)l
deer / dɪə / n. 鹿 57 ▫ reserve / rɪˈzɜːv / n. （ 野生生物）保护区 65
mass / / n. 大量，许多 57 staff / / n. 员工 65
mæs stɑːf
* poutine / puːˈtɪn / n. 肉汁乳酪薯条（加拿大一种 establish / ɪˈstæblɪʃ / v. 建立，设立 65
食品） 57 ▫ damage / ˈdæmɪdʒ / v. 破损，损害，损伤 65
* gravy / ˈɡreɪvi / n. （ 调味用的）肉汁 57 drought / draʊt / n. 旱灾，干旱 65
118flood / / n. 洪水，水灾 65 permission / / n. 允许，许可 67
flʌd pəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
▫ affect / əˈfekt / v. 影响 65 slide / slaɪd / n. 幻灯片 67
supply / / n. （ 煤气、电力、自来水等） majority / / n. 多数，大多数
səˈplaɪ məˈdʒɒrəti
供应（系统） 65 （人或物） 68
▫ restore / rɪˈstɔː / v. 使恢复 65 ▫ false / fɔːls / adj. 不正确的，错误的 68
▫ adopt / əˈdɒpt / v. 采取（某种方法） 65 amount / əˈmaʊnt / n. 数量，数额 68
▫ sustainable / səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l / adj. 可持续的， ▫ device / dɪˈvaɪs / n. 设备，仪器，装置 69
不破坏环境的 65 * stand-by / ˈstændbaɪ / adj. 备用的 69
* bulb / bʌlb / n. 灯泡 66 ▫ mode / məʊd / n. （ 机器、设备的）运行方式，
* renewable / rɪˈnjuːəb(ə)l / adj. （ 能源）可更新的， 状态，模式 69
可再生的，可恢复的 66 electricity / / n. 电 69
ɪˌlekˈtrɪsɪti
carbon / ˈkɑːbən / n. 碳 66 ▫ leak / liːk / v. （ 使）漏，（使）渗漏 69
greenhouse / ˈɡriːnhaʊs / n. 温室，暖房 66 * appliance / əˈplaɪəns / n. 家用电器，家用器具 69
* reusable / riːˈjuːzəb(ə)l / adj. 可再度使用的， remove / rɪˈmuːv / v. 移走，搬走，去掉 69
可多次使用的 66 ▫ plug / plʌɡ / n. （ 电）插头 69
brochure / / n. 小册子 66 take… into account 把……考虑进去 69
ˈbrəʊʃə
reduce / rɪˈdjuːs / v. 减少，降低 66 * litre / ˈliːtə / n. 升，公升 69
▫ solar / ˈsəʊlə / adj. 利用太阳光（能）的 66 ▫ campaign / kæmˈpeɪn / n. （ 宣传）活动 71
▫ release / rɪˈliːs / v. 释放，排放 66 ▫ urge / ɜːdʒ / v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 71
smog / smɒɡ / n. 烟雾，雾霾 67 ▫ canteen / kænˈtiːn / n. （ 工厂、学校等的）食堂，
▫ fog / fɒɡ / n. 雾 67 餐厅 71
▫ severe / sɪˈvɪə / adj. （ 问题、伤势、疾病等） concerned / kənˈsɜːnd / adj. 焦急的，担忧的 71
很严重的 67 contribute / / v. 促成，造成（某事
kənˈtrɪbjuːt
▫ infection / ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n / n. 感染，传染病 67 发生） 72
lecture / / n. （ 尤指大学里的）讲座， average / / adj. 平均（数）的 72
ˈlektʃə ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ
讲课，演讲 67
Words and expressions 119Vocabulary
A attitude / / n. （ 尤指通过行为表现出的
ˈætɪtjuːd
▫ aboard / əˈbɔːd / prep. 在（船、飞机、火车）上 53 对某事的一般）看法，态度 64
▫ absence / ˈæbs(ə)ns / n. 缺乏，没有 47 attract / əˈtrækt / v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣 18
absolutely / / adv. 完全地，绝对地 42 audience / / n. 听众，观众 23
ˈæbsəluːtli ˈɔːdiəns
▫ absorbed / əbˈsɔːbd / adj. 专心致志的 41 ▫ available / əˈveɪləb(ə)l / adj. 可用的，可获得的 29
ache / / v. （ 持续而隐隐地）作痛 33 average / / adj. 平均（数）的 72
eɪk ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ
▫ acid / ˈæsɪd / n. 酸 7 awkward / ˈɔːkwəd / adj. 紧张的；不舒适的 47
adapt / / v. （ 使）适应，（使）适合 11
əˈdæpt
addict / / n. 对……着迷的人 5 B
ˈædɪkt
▫ adjustable / əˈdʒʌstəb(ə)l / adj. 可调整的， * backflip / ˈbækflɪp / n. 直体后空翻 39
可调节的 29 ▫ bacon / ˈbeɪkən / n. （ 通常切成薄片的）咸猪肉，
admit / / v. （ 不情愿地）承认 20 熏猪肉 3
ədˈmɪt
▫ adopt / əˈdɒpt / v. 采取（某种方法） 65 ▫ bakery / ˈbeɪkəri / n. 面包店，糕饼店 6
adult / / n. 成人，成年人 21 balance / / n. 平衡 30
ˈædʌlt ˈbæləns
▫ affect / əˈfekt / v. 影响 65 ballet / ˈbæleɪ / n. 芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演 41
am / / 午前，上午 35 bar / / n. 横木 30
ˌeɪˈem bɑː
amount / / n. 数量，数额 68 basis / / n. 基础；根据 26
əˈmaʊnt ˈbeɪsɪs
▫ anger / ˈæŋɡə / n. 愤怒，怒火 39 ▫ BBQ / ˈbɑːbɪkjuː / n. （ barbecue的缩写）烧烤野餐 6
▫ appealing / əˈpiːlɪŋ / adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的 42 ▫ behave / bɪˈheɪv / v. 表现 47
▫ applaud / əˈplɔːd / v. （ 为……）鼓掌 41 belong / bɪˈlɒŋ / v. 属于 9
* appliance / əˈplaɪəns / n. 家用电器，家用器具 69 belong to 属于 9
arrangement / / n. 安排，筹划 43 bite / / n. 咬 3
əˈreɪndʒmənt baɪt
aspect / ˈæspekt / n. 方面 38 ▫ bitter / ˈbɪtə / adj. 苦的，有苦味的 6
* assure / əˈʃʊə / v. 向……保证，使确信 27 black pudding 血肠，黑香肠 2
* asthma / ˈæsmə / n. 哮喘（病） 32 blog / blɒɡ / v. 写博客
attack / / v. 侵袭，侵蚀 7 n. 博客，网络日志 11
əˈtæk
bone / / n. 骨头，骨 30
bəʊn
120▫ breast / brest / n. （ 禽类的）胸脯肉 11 clap / klæp / v. 拍（手），鼓（掌） 39
brief / briːf / adj. 短暂的 44 ▫ combine / kəmˈbaɪn / v. （ 使）结合，（使）组合 39
brochure / ˈbrəʊʃə / n. 小册子 66 ▫ comedy / ˈkɒmɪdi / n. 喜剧 42
▫ budget / ˈbʌdʒɪt / n. 预算 54 ▫ competition / ˌkɒmpɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n / n. 比赛，竞赛 18
* bulb / bʌlb / n. 灯泡 66 ▫ complain / kəmˈpleɪn / v. 抱怨，不满，发牢骚 15
▫ butcher / ˈbʊtʃə / n. 肉贩 3 concerned / kənˈsɜːnd / adj. 焦急的，担忧的 71
butter / ˈbʌtə / n. 黄油，牛油 3 ▫ conflict / ˈkɒnflɪkt / n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争 27
▫ construction / kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n / n. 建造，建筑 9
C content / / n. 满意，满足 26
kənˈtent
café / / n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 55 continent / / n. 洲，大洲，大陆 57
ˈkæfeɪ ˈkɒntɪnənt
▫ campaign / kæmˈpeɪn / n. （ 宣传）活动 71 contribute / kənˈtrɪbjuːt / v. 促成，造成（某事
▫ canteen / kænˈtiːn / n. （ 工厂、学校等的）食堂， 发生） 72
餐厅 71 convenient / / adj. 方便的，便利的 9
kənˈviːniənt
carbon / ˈkɑːbən / n. 碳 66 ▫ creamy / ˈkriːmi / adj. 似奶油的，软厚平滑的，
cash / / n. 现款，现金 54 光滑细软的 6
kæʃ
catch up 打听（不在时所发生的事情）， credit / / n. 赊购，信贷 54
ˈkredɪt
别后叙谈 9 credit card 信用卡 54
chain / tʃeɪn / n. 连锁店，连锁集团 54 * crocodile / ˈkrɒkədaɪl / n. 鳄鱼 51
champion / ˈtʃæmpiən / n. （ 尤指体育比赛中的） ▫ cruelty / ˈkruːəlti / n. 残忍，残酷，残暴 65
冠军，第一名 35 ▫ cuisine / kwɪˈziːn / n. 烹饪（法） 2
▫ chart / tʃɑːt / v. 记录，跟踪（变化或进展） 29 * currency / ˈkʌrənsi / n. 货币，通货 54
▫ cheese / tʃiːz / n. 干酪，奶酪 3 custom / ˈkʌstəm / n. 风俗，习惯，传统 5
* cheesecake / ˈtʃiːzkeɪk / n. 干酪蛋糕 6
▫ chef / ʃef / n. 厨师 9 D
china / ˈtʃaɪnə / n. 瓷，瓷料 3 ▫ damage / ˈdæmɪdʒ / v. 破损，损害，损伤 65
* cinematic / ˌsɪnɪˈmætɪk / adj. 电影的 44 ▫ dare / deə / modal verb 胆敢，敢于 2
▫ citizen / ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n / n. 公民，市民 23 data / ˈdeɪtə / n. 资料，数据 32
Vocabulary 121Vocabulary
* dazzling / ˈdæz(ə)lɪŋ / adj. 令人印象深刻的， E
特别吸引人的 39 ▫ edge / edʒ / n. 边缘 39
death / / n. 死，死亡 27 editor / / n. （ 报纸、杂志的）主编，编辑 20
deθ ˈedɪtə
decorate / / v. 装饰，布置，美化 18 effort / / n. 力气，精力 20
ˈdekəreɪt ˈefət
decoration / / n. 装饰物 13 electricity / / n. 电 69
ˌdekəˈreɪʃ(ə)n ɪˌlekˈtrɪsɪti
deer / dɪə / n. 鹿 57 * embassy / ˈembəsi / n. 大使馆 54
▫ defend / dɪˈfend / v. （ 在比赛中）防守，防卫 26 * embrace / ɪmˈbreɪs / v. 欣然接受，乐意采纳
definitely / / adv. 确切地，肯定地 42 （新思想、意见等） 20
ˈdefɪnɪtli
▫ dessert / dɪˈzɜːt / n. （ 饭后的）甜食，甜品，甜点 18 ▫ emotion / ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n / n. 强烈的情感 39
destination / / n. 目的地，终点 49 end up （ 尤指经历一系列意外后）最终处于，
ˌdestɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n
▫ device / dɪˈvaɪs / n. 设备，仪器，装置 69 到头来 9
▫ devote / dɪˈvəʊt / v. 致力，献身，倾注 65 energetic / ˌenəˈdʒetɪk / adj. 精力充沛的，
die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝 33 充满活力的 39
diet / ˈdaɪət / n. 日常饮食 5 ▫ engage / ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ / v. 参与，参加 55
▫ differ / ˈdɪfə / v. 不同，不一样，有区别 5 envelope / ˈenvələʊp / n. 信封 14
disappear / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə / v. 消失，不见 33 * epic / ˈepɪk / adj. 史诗般的；壮丽的，宏大的 45
▫ disappointed / ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd / adj. 失望的， ▫ episode / ˈepɪsəʊd / n. （ 电视连续剧或广播连载
沮丧的 45 节目中的）一集 42
▫ display / dɪˈspleɪ / n. 显示器 29 equipment / ɪˈkwɪpmənt / n. 装备，设备，用具 26
▫ dive / daɪv / v. （ 通常指使用呼吸设备的）潜水 63 escape / ɪˈskeɪp / v. （ 从危险或糟糕的处境中）
documentary / / n. 纪录片 42 逃离，逃避，摆脱 45
ˌdɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri
download / / v. 下载（信息或程序） 5 establish / / v. 建立，设立 65
ˌdaʊnˈləʊd ɪˈstæblɪʃ
dragon / / n. 龙 13 eve / / n. 前夕，前一天 20
ˈdræɡən iːv
▫ dramatic / drəˈmætɪk / adj. 激动人心的；给人 * exaggerated / ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtɪd / adj. （ 声音或动作）
印象深刻的 53 夸张的 38
drought / / n. 旱灾，干旱 65 exist / / v. 存在，实际上有 22
draʊt ɪɡˈzɪst
due to 由于，因为 62
122▫ explosive / ɪkˈspləʊsɪv / adj. 爆炸（式）的， G
爆发的 39 ▫ gallery / ˈɡæləri / n. 美术馆，画廊 51
extent / / n. 程度 45 gather / / v. 聚集 3
ɪkˈstent ˈɡæðə
extinction / / n. 灭绝，绝种 63 get across 解释清楚，传达 38
ɪkˈstɪŋkʃ(ə)n
extremely / / adv. 极度，极其 41 global / / adj. 全球的，全世界的 23
ɪkˈstriːmli ˈɡləʊb(ə)l
goal / / n. 球门 26
ɡəʊl
F * gorilla / ɡəˈrɪlə / n. 大猩猩 33
factor / ˈfæktə / n. 因素，要素 26 ▫ grateful / ˈɡreɪtf(ə)l / adj. 感谢的，感激的 41
▫ false / fɔːls / adj. 不正确的，错误的 68 * gravy / ˈɡreɪvi / n. （ 调味用的）肉汁 57
fancy / / adj. 花哨的，别致的 17 greenhouse / / n. 温室，暖房 66
ˈfænsi ˈɡriːnhaʊs
fancy dress 化装服 17 * grief / ɡriːf / n. 悲痛 39
▫ fantasy / ˈfæntəsi / n. 幻想，想象 14 guy / ɡaɪ / n. （ 尤指青年）男子 17
female / / adj. 女（性）的 38
ˈfiːmeɪl
▫ fictional / ˈfɪkʃ(ə)nəl / adj. 虚构的，编造的， H
小说（中）的 47 ▫ handle / ˈhændl / n. 柄，把手 5
* fin / fɪn / v. 切去（鱼的）鳍 * handwritten / ˌhændˈrɪtn / adj. 手写的 15
n. 鱼鳍 62 ▫ harvest / ˈhɑːvɪst / n. 收成 13
* firework / ˈfaɪəwɜːk / n. 烟火，烟花 18 ▫ highlight / ˈhaɪlaɪt / v. 使……突出，使注意力
flight / / n. 航班，班机 54 集中于 65
flaɪt
flood / flʌd / n. 洪水，水灾 65 ▫ hike / haɪk / v. 在……徒步旅行，远足 53
▫ fog / fɒɡ / n. 雾 67 * homemade / ˌhəʊmˈmeɪd / adj. 自制的，家里做的 9
formal / / adj. 正式的 19 honey / / n. 蜂蜜 9
ˈfɔːm(ə)l ˈhʌni
fortunately / / adv. 幸运地 63 honour / / v. 向……表示敬意 13
ˈfɔːtʃ(ə)nətli ˈɒnə
▫ freedom / ˈfriːdəm / n. 自由，自由权利 13 horrible / ˈhɒrəb(ə)l / adj. 糟糕的 3
function / / n. （ 事物的）功能；作用 5 host / / n. 东道主，主人 19
ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n həʊst
hot pot 火锅 2
▫ hunting / ˈhʌntɪŋ / n. 打猎，狩猎 65
Vocabulary 123Vocabulary
I ▫ leak / liːk / v. （ 使）漏，（使）渗漏 69
▫ ideal / ˌaɪˈdɪəl / adj. 理想的，最好的 29 lecture / ˈlektʃə / n. （ 尤指大学里的）讲座，
identify / / v. 确定，发现 9 讲课，演讲 67
aɪˈdentɪfaɪ
in case 以防万一 5 * lifestyle / ˈlaɪfstaɪl / n. 生活方式 9
in one’s own right 凭借自身，靠自己 45 ▫ limitless / ˈlɪmɪtləs / adj. 无限的 14
▫ incredible / ɪnˈkredɪb(ə)l / adj. 难以置信的 39 literature / ˈlɪt(ə)rətʃə / n. 文学 14
▫ incredibly / ɪnˈkredɪbli / adv. 极端地，非常地 6 * litre / ˈliːtə / n. 升，公升 69
indicate / / v. 表明，显示 17 live up to 符合（标准），不负（盛名） 45
ˈɪndɪkeɪt
* indigenous / ɪnˈdɪdʒ(ə)nəs / adj. 本地的， loss / lɒs / n. 失去，丧失 20
土生土长的 51 * luggage / ˈlʌɡɪdʒ / n. 行李 54
inequality / ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti / n. （ 社会上的）不平等 13 ▫ lunar / ˈluːnə / adj. 月球的 13
▫ infection / ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n / n. 感染，传染病 67 ▫ lung / lʌŋ / n. 肺 32
inspire / / v. 鼓舞，激励 34
ɪnˈspaɪə
▫ interact / ˌɪntərˈækt / v. 互动 23 M
▫ interpret / ɪnˈtɜːprɪt / v. 理解，了解，解释 32 majority / məˈdʒɒrəti / n. 多数，大多数
▫ involve / ɪnˈvɒlv / v. 包含，需要 31 （人或物） 68
▫ manners / ˈmænəz / n. 礼貌，礼仪 5
J maple / / n. 枫树，槭树 1
ˈmeɪp(ə)l
joy / / n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦 23 marriage / / n. 婚姻 2
dʒɔɪ ˈmærɪdʒ
mass / / n. 大量，许多 57
mæs
K master / / n. 大师，能手 31
ˈmɑːstə
kangaroo / ˌkæŋɡəˈruː / n. 袋鼠 51 * mime / maɪm / n. （ 演戏等时的）做手势（或其他
示意动作） 38
L ▫ mode / məʊd / n. （ 机器、设备的）运行方式，
▫ label / ˈleɪb(ə)l / n. 标签，标记 32 状态，模式 69
▫ landscape / ˈlændskeɪp / n. （ 陆上的）风景，景致 53 ▫ monitor / ˈmɒnɪtə / v. 监视，监测 29
lantern / / n. 灯笼 18 movement / / n. 运动，动作 38
ˈlæntən ˈmuːvmənt
124N pick up 买，购买 11
nationality / ˌnæʃəˈnæləti / n. 国籍；民族 23 * pizzeria / ˌpiːtsəˈriːə / n. 比萨饼餐厅 6
▫ network / ˈnetwɜːk / n. 人际关系网，联络网 33 * plank / plæŋk / n. 平板支撑 30
normal / ˈnɔːm(ə)l / adj. 正常的，平常的 47 ▫ plastic / ˈplæstɪk / adj. 塑料制的 26
▫ novel / ˈnɒv(ə)l / n. （ 长篇）小说 14 plate / pleɪt / n. 盘，碟 5
▫ plot / plɒt / n. （ 书、电影、戏剧的）情节 42
O ▫ plug / plʌɡ / n. （ 电）插头 69
occasion / əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n / n. 场合，时刻 20 ▫ poet / ˈpəʊɪt / n. 诗人 13
ocean / / n. 海洋，大海 65 poetry / / n. 诗，诗歌 39
ˈəʊʃ(ə)n ˈpəʊɪtri
official / / n. 官员，高级职员 11 poison / / n. 毒素，毒物，毒药 3
əˈfɪʃ(ə)l ˈpɔɪz(ə)n
on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动 39 ▫ polar / ˈpəʊlə / adj. 极地的 15
▫ onion / ˈʌnjən / n. 洋葱（头） 11 pole / pəʊl / n. （ 行星的）地极，（尤指地球的）
* oolong / ˈuːˌlɒŋ / n. 乌龙茶 3 北极或南极 14
opera / ˈɒp(ə)rə / n. 歌剧 37 * poutine / puːˈtɪn / n. 肉汁乳酪薯条（加拿大一种
opinion / / n. 意见，看法 4 食品） 57
əˈpɪnjən
original / / adj. 原先的，最初的 45 power / / n. 力量 33
əˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)l ˈpaʊə
originally / əˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)li / adv. 原先，最初 11 ▫ presentation / ˌprez(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n / n. 报告，
▫ overcome / ˌəʊvəˈkʌm / v. 控制（感情），克服 （观点的）陈述，说明 65
（困难） 41 previous / / adj. 以前的，先前的 52
ˈpriːviəs
overseas / ˌəʊvəˈsiːz / adv. 在海外，在外国 22 * prince / prɪns / n. 王子 38
process / / n. （ 为达到某目标的）过程，
ˈprəʊses
P 进程 21
▫ participate / pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt / v. 参加，参与 13 ▫ profession / prəˈfeʃ(ə)n / n. （ 需要高等教育和
permission / / n. 允许，许可 67 训练的）专业，行业 52
pəˈmɪʃ(ə)n
▫ persuade / pəˈsweɪd / v. 说服，劝服 35 pudding / ˈpʊdɪŋ / n. 布丁 2
▫ phenomenon / fɪˈnɒmɪnən / n. 现象 23 put on 表演（节目） 42
Vocabulary 125Vocabulary
Q retired / / adj. 退休的 21
rɪˈtaɪəd
* quest / kwest / n. （ 长期的）寻求，探索，追求 51 * reusable / riːˈjuːzəb(ə)l / adj. 可再度使用的，
quit / / v. 离开（工作岗位、学校等）；离任 52 可多次使用的 66
kwɪt
* revenge / rɪˈvendʒ / n. 报复，报仇 38
R ▫ riddle / ˈrɪdl / n. 谜，谜语 18
▫ ranking / ˈræŋkɪŋ / n. 排行，排名 11 ▫ roast / rəʊst / n. 大块烤肉
▫ recipe / ˈresɪpi / n. 烹饪法，食谱 11 adj. 烤好的，烤制的 3
recommend / / v. 推荐 6 romantic / / adj. 浪漫的 41
ˌrekəˈmend rəʊˈmæntɪk
▫ reconstruct / ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt / v. 重建，再建 11 ▫ roof / ruːf / n. （ 建筑物、汽车、帐篷等的）顶，
reduce / / v. 减少，降低 66 顶部 15
rɪˈdjuːs
regard / rɪˈɡɑːd / v. 认为，看作 14 ▫ route / ruːt / n. 路线 53
regard… as… 把……视作…… 14 ▫ rude / ruːd / adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的 42
regardless / / adv. 不管，不顾 13
rɪˈɡɑːdləs
regular / / adj. 频繁的，经常的 15 S
ˈreɡjʊlə
▫ related / rɪˈleɪtɪd / adj. 有关系的，相关的 5 ▫ salty / ˈsɔːlti / adj. 含盐的，咸的 11
▫ release / rɪˈliːs / v. 释放，排放 66 satisfying / ˈsætɪsfaɪ-ɪŋ / adj. 令人高兴的，
▫ remote / rɪˈməʊt / adj. 偏僻的，偏远的 55 令人满意的 9
remove / rɪˈmuːv / v. 移走，搬走，去掉 69 * sauce / sɔːs / n. 调味汁，酱汁 6
* renewable / rɪˈnjuːəb(ə)l / adj. （ 能源）可更新的， ▫ sausage / ˈsɒsɪdʒ / n. 香肠 3
可再生的，可恢复的 66 scare / / v. 使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 62
skeə
represent / ˌreprɪˈzent / v. 代表，表示 26 ▫ setting / ˈsetɪŋ / n. （ 机器、仪器等调控装置的）
request / / n. 请求，要求 17 设定位置，调节点 29
rɪˈkwest
▫ reserve / rɪˈzɜːv / n. （ 野生生物）保护区 65 ▫ severe / sɪˈvɪə / adj. （ 问题、伤势、疾病等）
▫ resist / rɪˈzɪst / v. 忍住，按捺 11 很严重的 67
response / rɪˈspɒns / n. 回答，答复 31 ▫ shark / ʃɑːk / n. 鲨（鱼） 62
▫ responsibility / rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlɪti / n. 责任 47 ▫ skip / skɪp / v. 跳绳 30
▫ restore / rɪˈstɔː / v. 使恢复 65 slide / slaɪd / n. 幻灯片 67
126slightly / / adv. 略微，稍微 6 sweaty / / adj. 满是汗的，被汗水湿透的 33
ˈslaɪtli ˈsweti
smog / smɒɡ / n. 烟雾，雾霾 67 ▫ swing / swɪŋ / v. （ 使）（前后）摆动，（使）摇摆 9
snack / / n. （ 正餐以外的）小吃，点心 2 symbol / / n. 象征，标志 4
snæk ˈsɪmb(ə)l
soccer / / n. 英式足球 56
ˈsɒkə
software / / n. （ 计算机）软件 20 T
ˈsɒftweə
▫ solar / ˈsəʊlə / adj. 利用太阳光（能）的 66 take… into account 把……考虑进去 69
▫ soldier / ˈsəʊldʒə / n. 士兵，军人 27 target / ˈtɑːɡɪt / v. 把……作为目标 63
* someday / ˈsʌmdeɪ / adv. 将来会有一天， technique / tekˈniːk / n. 技巧，手法 39
有朝一日 3 * tender / ˈtendə / adj. 嫩的，软的（尤指烹饪恰到
sort / / n. 种，类 3 好处） 6
sɔːt
▫ sour / saʊə / adj. 酸（味）的 11 tension / ˈtenʃ(ə)n / n. 紧张，焦虑 33
* souvenir / ˌsuːvəˈnɪə / n. 纪念品，纪念物 54 tick all the right boxes 事情发展如人所愿，
* spicy / ˈspaɪsi / adj. （ 食物）加有香料的，辛辣的 2 一切顺利 39
staff / / n. 员工 65 tip / / n. 指点，建议 5
stɑːf tɪp
* stand-by / ˈstændbaɪ / adj. 备用的 69 to one’s heart’s content 尽情地；心满意足地 26
▫ starving / ˈstɑːvɪŋ / adj. 挨饿的，即将饿死的 15 to some extent 在某种程度上 45
▫ steak / steɪk / n. 牛排 6 ▫ toast / təʊst / n. 烤面包（片），吐司 3
* stinky / ˈstɪŋki / adj. 难闻的，有臭味的 3 ▫ tofu / ˈtəʊfuː / n. 豆腐 3
* storytelling / ˈstɔːrɪˌtelɪŋ / n. 讲故事，说书 44 * token / ˈtəʊkən / n. 象征，标志 21
▫ string / strɪŋ / n. （ 乐器的）弦 38 * transfer / ˈtrænsfɜː / n. 转乘，换乘 54
suffer / ˈsʌfə / v. （ 身体或精神上）受苦 3 ▫ transform / trænsˈfɔːm / v. 使改观，使变形，
super / / adj. 极好的，了不起的 3 使转化 39
ˈsuːpə
supply / / n. （ 煤气、电力、自来水等） transport / / n. 交通运输系统，
səˈplaɪ ˈtrænspɔːt
供应（系统） 65 运输方式 43
surfing / ˈsɜːfɪŋ / n. 冲浪（运动） 25 ▫ trick / trɪk / n. 诀窍，技巧，技法 5
▫ sustainable / səˈsteɪnəb(ə)l / adj. 可持续的， turkey / ˈtɜːki / n. （ 电影或戏剧的）失败之作 44
不破坏环境的 65
Vocabulary 127Vocabulary
* twist / twɪst / n. （ 形势或事态的）意外转折 26 * visa / ˈviːzə / n. （ 护照上的）签证 54
typical / / adj. 典型的，有代表性的 3 volcano / / n. 火山 53
ˈtɪpɪk(ə)l vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ
▫ vote / vəʊt / v. 投票，表决 13
U
▫ ultimate / ˈʌltɪmɪt / adj. （ 目标等）最终的 35 W
▫ universe / ˈjuːnɪvɜːs / n. 宇宙，天地，万物 39 ▫ warning / ˈwɔːnɪŋ / n. 警告，警示，告诫 15
upper / ˈʌpə / adj. （ 位置）较上的，较高的， ▫ wave / weɪv / v. 挥手，招手 17
上面的 30 wedding / / n. 婚礼 2
ˈwedɪŋ
▫ urge / ɜːdʒ / v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 71 * whip / wɪp / n. 鞭子 38
within / / prep. 在……里 7
wɪðˈɪn
V * wonderland / ˈwʌndəlænd / n. （ 故事中的）仙境，
* vegetarian / ˌvedʒɪˈteəriən / adj. （ 全是）蔬菜的， 奇境 44
没有肉类的 6
vehicle / / n. 交通工具，车辆 57 Y
ˈviːɪk(ə)l
▫ version / ˈvɜːʃ(ə)n / n. 版本 38 yoghurt / ˈjɒɡət / n. 酸乳，酸奶 7
128Names and places
NAMES Jane Austen / / 简·奥斯汀 44
dʒeɪn ˈɒstɪn
Antonio / / 安东尼奥 6 F. Scott Fitzgerald / / F. 斯科特·
ænˈtəʊniəʊ skɒt fɪtsˈdʒerəld
Laurent / / 劳伦特 6 菲茨杰拉德 44
ˈlɒrənt
Janet / / 珍妮特 7 Arthur Conan Doyle / / 阿瑟·
ˈdʒænɪt ˈɑːθə ˈkəʊnən dɔɪl
Harriet / / 哈丽雅特 7 柯南·道尔 44
ˈhæriɪt
Ellie / / 埃莉 9 Homer / / 荷马 44
ˈeli ˈhəʊmə(r)
Jenny / / 珍妮 9 Harry Potter / / 哈利·波特 45
ˈdʒeni ˈhæri ˈpɒtə(r)
Ted / / 特德 9 Helen / / 海伦 45
ted ˈhelɪn
Mike / / 迈克 9 Mia Thermopolis / / 米娅·
maɪk ˈmɪːə ˈθɜːmɒpəlɪs
Max / / 马克斯 9 泰梅波莉斯 47
mæks
J.R.R. Tolkien / / J.R.R. 托尔金 14 Anne Hathaway / / 安妮·海瑟薇 47
ˈtɒlkiːn æn ˈhæθəweɪ
Chris / / 克里斯 17 Lauren Elizabeth Pirie Bath /
krɪs ˈlɒr(ə)n iˈlɪzəbəθ
Jean / / 琼 17 / 劳伦·伊丽莎白·皮里·巴思 50
dʒiːn ˈpɪri bɑːθ
Tony / / 托尼 19 Andrew / / 安德鲁 54
ˈtəʊni ˈændruː
Hugo / / 雨果 19 Amy / / 埃米 57
ˈhjuːɡəʊ ˈeɪmi
Neil Armstrong / / 尼尔·阿姆斯 Eva / / 伊娃 57
niːl ˈɑːmstrɒŋ ˈiːvə
特朗 26 Brooke / / 布鲁克 59
brʊk
Pelé / / 贝利 26 Peter Benchley / / 彼得·本奇利 63
ˈpeleɪ ˈpiːtə ˈbentʃli
Bill Shankly / / 比尔·香克利 27 Hannah Fraser / / 汉娜·弗雷泽 65
bɪl ˈʃæŋkli ˈhænə ˈfreɪzə(r)
Leah / / 利亚 32 John / / 约翰 86
lɪə dʒɒn
Grace / / 格雷丝 33
ɡreɪs
Nick / / 尼克 35 PLACES
nɪk
Brown / / 布朗 37 Italy / / 意大利（国家） 1
braʊn ˈɪtəli
Shakespeare / / 莎士比亚 38 Rome / / 罗马（意大利首都） 5
ˈʃeɪkspɪə(r) rəʊm
Hamlet / / 哈姆雷特 39 Kansas / / City 堪萨斯城（美国城市） 6
ˈhæmlɪt ˈkænzəs
Margaret Mitchell / / 玛格丽 Paris / / 巴黎（法国首都） 6
ˈmɑːɡərɪt ˈmɪtʃəl ˈpærɪs
特·米切尔 44
Names and places 129Names and places
Dujiangyan Irrigation / / System Switzerland / / 瑞士（国家） 53
ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈswɪtsələnd
都江堰 11 Hawaii / / 夏威夷（美国州名） 53
həˈwaɪiː
St Petersburg / / 圣彼得堡 Jakarta / / 雅加达（印度尼西亚首都） 54
seɪnt ˈpiːtəzbɜːɡ dʒəˈkɑːtə
（俄罗斯城市） 23 Toronto / / 多伦多（加拿大城市） 56
təˈrɒntəʊ
Montreal / / 蒙特利尔（加拿大城市） 33 Ottawa / / 渥太华（加拿大首都） 56
ˌmɒntriˈɔːl ˈɒtəwə
Glastonbury / / 格拉斯顿伯里 Rocky / / Mountains 落基山脉 56
ˈɡlæstənb(ə)ri ˈrɒki
（英国城镇） 43 Vancouver / / 温哥华（加拿大城市） 56
vænˈkuːvə(r)
Somerset / / 萨默塞特（英国郡名） 43 Newfoundland / / 纽芬兰（加拿大
ˈsʌməset ˈnjuːfəndlənd
London Paddington / / 伦敦帕丁顿 省名） 56
ˈpædɪŋtən
（英国火车站） 43 Quebec / / 魁北克（加拿大省名） 56
kwɪˈbek
Castle Cary / / 凯里堡（英国城镇） 43 Collins / / Street 科林斯街 59
ˈkeəri ˈkɒlɪnz
Genovia / / 捷诺维亚（虚拟的国家） 47 Melbourne / / 墨尔本（澳大利亚城市） 59
ˈdʒenəviə ˈmelbən
Broome / / 布鲁姆（澳大利亚城镇） 50 the Antarctic / / 南极地区 87
bruːm ænˈtɑːktɪk
the Kimberley / / region 金伯利地区 Thailand / / 泰国（国家） 87
ˈkɪmbəli ˈtaɪlænd
（澳大利亚西北部） 50
130后 记
为了在高中英语学科教育中全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根
本任务，外语教学与研究出版社以党的十九大精神为指引，组织专业团队，
在深入领会《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）》精神的基础上，对
《英语》（新标准）高中教材进行了全面修订。
在主编陈琳教授的指导下，副主编张连仲教授带领作者团队、编辑团
队和设计团队精心设计、反复打磨，确保全面落实党的教育方针，实现从
学科角度培养学生的核心素养，提升高中学生的英语应用能力和学习能力。
我们对整个团队的艰辛努力表示由衷的感谢。
此次修订得到了广大教研员和一线教师的无私帮助。他们丰富细致的
意见和建议，确保修订后的教材具有更为合理的内容和结构设计，更加贴
合一线教学需求。我们向各位可敬的教研员和老师致以诚挚的谢意。
此次修订也得到了英方编审专家、中外社会各界人士及组织的大力
支持。本册的英方编审专家是：Simon Greenall，Ingrid Wisniewska，
Carmel Reilly，Chris Rose，Robert Gott，Sharon Dalgleish，Melanie
Guile，Naomi Buneman。本册第一单元“主题理解”部分课后活动4的
一家三口照片由刘怡女士（美国籍）提供。第二单元“主题理解”部分
的图片及语篇中部分语段由哈珀柯林斯出版集团授权使用（Reprinted by
permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd © 2009 J.R.R. Tolkien）。第
五单元“观点表达”部分的三幅城市徽标图片由设计师石昌鸿先生授权使
用。他们的支持保证了教材的语言真实地道、内容鲜活多样。在此，我们
一并向他们表示真诚的感谢。
教材是学生学习与教师教学的重要内容和手段，是落实学科课程标准
的重要介质。时代在前进，教材的建设也将持续发展，教材编写工作是永
无止境的。我们热切期待修订后的《英语》（新标准）高中教材得到业内
专家持续指正，在未来的实践中亦将广泛征求使用者的意见，使之更加完
善，适应我国高中英语教育的不断发展，为学生继续学习英语和终身发展
打下良好基础，为培养具有中国情怀、国际视野和跨文化沟通能力的社会
主义建设者和接班人做出应有的贡献。
外语教学与研究出版社
2019年3月N e w S t a n d a r d
