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专业英语四级真题2013年
PART Ⅰ DICTATION
1、Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be
read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done
at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the
second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by
sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last
reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you
should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check
through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen
carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best
answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the
conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
1、 According to the conversation, an example of "Christmas
trimmings" could be
A. presents B. fruits C. sauce D. meat
2、 A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCEPT
A. carrots B. meat C. sweet potatoes D. roast
turkey
3、 Why did Helen come to Rob's house?
A. She wanted to talk to Rob
B. She had come to help Rob
C. She had been invited to lunch
D. She was interested in cooking
4、 Why did the woman phone the club?
A. She wanted to know more about it
B. She was a new comer and felt lonely
C. She wanted to learn a new language
D. She was interested in social activities
5、 We learn from the conversation that the club
A. mainly organizes language activities
B. accepts members from local students
C. has been set up for a long time
D. is increasing its membership6、 According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice
German on
A. Wednesday B. Tuesday C. Monday D. Friday
7、 What is the man going to do after the conversation?
A. Call up the woman for her address
B. Mail the woman some information
C. Wait for the woman to call him again
D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form
8、 According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?
A. Difficult questions from interviewees
B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees
C. Lack of professional background
D. Lack of interviewing skills
9、 The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about
attending job fairs EXCEPT
A. prospective B. useful C. important D. tiring
10、 We learn from the conversation that the woman
A. works better at job fairs
B. prefers honest people
C. often works on her own
D. is experienced in her work
SECTION B PASSAGES
In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the
passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
11、 According to today's weather forecast, which part of Europe has
dry weather?
A. Northern Europe
B. Southern Europe
C. Northwestern Europe
D. Scandinavian mountains
12、 In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and
cool?
A. Southern Europe
B. Northern Europe
C. Northwestern Europe
D. Eastern Europe
13、 In which region will the weather change tomorrow?
A. Central parts of the Mediterranean
B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean
C. Southern parts of the Mediterranean
D. Northern parts of the Mediterranean14、 According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to
people?
A. More useful information to better their life
B. Greater changes in social organization
C. Better understanding of mass media
D. Closer contact with modem devices
15、 The speaker questions about everybody's access to technological
advances. The main reason is
A. illiteracy B. food shortage C. poverty D. ignorance
16、 According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved
within ten years EXCEPT
A. giving everyone a radio or TV
B. providing more job opportunities
C. offering internet service to more people
D. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years
17、 What could be the topic of the passage?
A. Growth in telecommunications
B. Technology and the developing world
C. Building an information society D.
Education and medical care
18、 People in Latin America wear something ______ to express their
hopes for wealth in the New Year.
A. yellow B. white C. red D. new
19、 Which of the following New Year's traditions signals friendship?
A. Eating round fruits
B. Wearing something red
C. Wearing something white
D. Throwing old dishes
20、 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one's own New Year's
tradition?
A. Watching TV at home
B. Visiting friends
C. Going to bed early
D. Running and shouting outside
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them
carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
21、 What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school
year?
A. 15 schools have started social studies
B. 15 schools have used digital textbooks
C. Digital textbooks are used for social studiesD. Students are ready to use electronic resources
22、 With digital textbooks, schools have saved about ______ million
dollars
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
23、 Who found the suspicious item at the airport?
A. FBI agents B. TSA agents C. The
police D. Passengers
24、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The terminal was closed temporarily afterwards
B. There was a thorough search inside the airport
C. The security authorities identified the explosives
D. Passengers at the airport were safe and sound
25、 According to the news item, doctors use art therapy to treat the
following problems EXCEPT
A. smoking
B. alcohol abuse
C. depression
D. schizophrenia
26、 Why did doctors introduce art therapy in the first place?
A. To prevent patients from smoking
B. To better understand patients
C. To teach patients some skills
D. To get patients occupied
27、 What is the main purpose of the new rules?
A. To reduce the number of pilots on duty B. To prevent
pilots from working overtime
C. To ensure an adequate amount of sleep D. To fix the
amount of work for each pilot
28、 The Independent Pilots Association was unhappy about the new
rules because they
A. had failed to cover all the pilots B. had
only covered cargo plane pilots
C. would be put into effect in two years D. would be
too costly if implemented
29、 Why is increase in livestock production necessary?
A. Because livestock production is highly efficient.
B. Because more people will become wealthier.
C. Because it has fewer ecological risks.
D. Because it may help double food production.
30、 What does the word "challenge" mean in the news item?
A. Conflict between less land and more production.B. Balance between human survival and ecology.
C. Difference between present and future needs.
D. Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.
PART Ⅲ CLOZE
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the
passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best
choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.
Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modem state: without
it, it (31 ) not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen
who protect us; (32 ) the workers in government offices who
(33 ) our health, our food, our water, and all the other things
that we cannot do for ourselves. (34 ) taxation, we pay for
things that we need just (35 ) we need somewhere to live and
something to eat.
But (36 ) everyone knows that taxation is necessary,
different people have different ideas about (37 ) taxation should
be arranged.
In most countries, a direct tax on (38 ) , which is called
income tax, (39 ) It is arranged in such a (40 ) that the
poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows (41 )
as the taxpayer's income grows. In some countries, for example, the
tax on the richest people (42 ) as high as ninety-five per cent!
(43 ) countries with direct taxation nearly (44 ) have
indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to
pay taxes or "duties." Of course, it is the men and women who buy
these imported things in the shops (45 ) really have to pay the
duties, in the (46 ) of higher prices. In some countries, (47 )
, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary
things are taxed, a lot of money is (48 ) but the poor people
suffer most. If unnecessary things (49 ) jewels and fur coats are
taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is (50 ) , as the rich
pay it.
31、 A. can B. may
C. would D. could
32、 A. neither B. nor
C. never D. not
33、 A. look after B. look over
C. look into D. look through
34、 A. In accordance with B. With reference to
C. By means of D. On account of
35、 A. as well as B. as much as
C. as such as D. as good as
36、 A. if B. whenC. as D. though
37、 A. how B. when
C. why D. which
38、 A. communities B. sectors
C. persons D. classes
39、 A. remains B. exists
C. stays D. happens
40、 A. measure B. method
C. form D. way
41、 A. more B. larger
C. quicker D. speedier
42、 A. grows up B. increases up
C. goes up D. lifts up
43、 A. And B. Consequently
C. Similarly D. But
44、 A. almost B. always
C. often D. periodically
45、 A. which B. who
C. what D. whom
46、 A. manner B. way
C. means D. form
47、 A. either B. also
C. too D. often
48、 A. collected B. borrowed
C. saved D. lent
49、 A. as B. for
C. alike D. like
50、 A. heavier B. fairer
C. finer D. better
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence
there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D.
Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the
sentence.
Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51、 Facing the board of directors, he didn't deny ______ breaking
the agreement.
A. him B. his C.
it D. its
52、 Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized
part functions as a(n)______in the sentence.
A. appositive (同位语) B. object C. adverbial
D. complement
53、 Which of the following is a compound word (复合词)?
A. Nonsmoker B. Meanness C.
Deadline D. Misfit
54、 Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?
A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o'clock.
B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.
C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic
lights.
D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by
Friday.
55、 The following determiners (限定词) can be used with both plural
and uncountable nouns EXCEPT
A. many B. enough C. more
D. such
56、 Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?
A. She opened the door and quietly went in
B. Think it over again and you'll get an answer
C. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports
D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this
57、 Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute
(名词替代词)?
A. Much B. Neither C. One
D. Quarter
58、 All the following sentences definitely indicate future time
EXCEPT
A. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four
B. The school pupils will be home by now
C. The President is coming to the 'UN next week
D. He is going to email me the necessary information
59、 Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?
A. Politics are the art or science of government B. Ten miles
seems like a long walk to me
C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease D. All the
furniture has arrived undamaged60、 Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate
relationship?
A. The occupation of the island B. The law
of Newton
C. The arrival of the tourists D. The
plays of Oscar Wilde
61、 Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?
A. He is not the man to draw back B. Larry has
a large family to support
C. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie D.
There is really nothing to fear
62、 Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?
A. I wish you could stay behind B. You
will mind your own business!
C. Come and have dinner with us D. Let me
drive you home, shall I?
63、 If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.
A. was to rain B. were to rain C. was
raining D. had rained
64、 Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?
A. Mary and her son must be home by now.
B. Careless reading must give poor results.
C. He must be working late at the office.
D. It's getting late, and I must leave now.
65、 The following are all dynamic verbs (动态动词) EXCEPT
A. remain. B. turn. C. write.
D. knock.
66、 ______to school life was less difficult than the pupil had
expected.
A. Adhering B. Adjusting C. Adopting
D. Acquainting
67、 He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit
his job. The underlined part means
A. hard. B. tiring. C. long.
D. dull.
68、 At last night's party Larry said something that I though t wa s
beyon d m e. The underlined part means
A. I couldn't understand. B. I was unable to do. C. I
couldn't tolerate. D. I was unable to stop.
69、 The couple ______ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did for B. did in
C. did up D. did with
70、 Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once
accepted all the ______ for herself.
A. credit B. attention C. focus
D. award
71、 The child nodded, apparently content with his mother's promise.
The underlined part means
A. as far as one has learnt.
B. as far as one is concerned.
C. as far as one can see. D. as
far as one is told.
72、 The______that sport builds character is well accepted by people
nowadays.
A. argument B. issue C. point
D. sentence
73、 Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care
over her work. The underlined part means
A. limited. B. unnecessary. C.
overdue. D. much.
74、 The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury i n th e
even t o f a n acciden t. The underlined part means
A. if an accident can be prevented. B. if an
accident happens.
C. before an accident. D.
during an accident.
75、 Traditionally, local midwives would ______ all the babies in the
area.
A. deliver B. produce C. handle
D. help
76、 No food or drink is allowed on the premises. The underlined part
means
A. proposition. B. advertisement. C. building.
D. street.
77、 The court would not accept his appeal unless ______evidence is
provided.
A. definite B. conclusive C.
eventual D. concluding
78、 As soon as he opened the door, a ______ of cold air swept
through the house.
A. flow B. movement C. rushD. blast
79、 She really wanted to say something at the meeting, but
eventually ______ from it.
A. refrained B. prevented
C. limited D. restricted
80、 The couple told the decorator that. they wanted their bedroom
gaily painted. The underlined part means
A. cheerfully. B. light-heartedly.
C. brightly. D. lightly.
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or
unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B,
C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.
TEXT A
The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years
ago. Now, twitter, instant messenging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums
offer rival approaches to communication-but none can replace the role
of a great speech.
The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading
or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply
introducing someone or something or accepting something.
Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the
ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.
Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different
points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009,
persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves
to firmer action.
Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on
topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars,
generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.
A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can
inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in
a meaningful and interesting way. When the HINI pandemic (流行病) was
announced, the idea of "swine flu" (猪流感) scared many people.
Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped
people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible
precautions.
Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays
tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their
contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael
Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue
to live on through his music.
It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an
important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course ofour own lives.
If you're taking part in a debate you need to persuade the
listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes
know the importance of a pep talk (鼓舞士气的讲话) before a
match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a
presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of
vital importance.
On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need
comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family
event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to
move people or make them laugh.
Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. Even
Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant
speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those
rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches
in the past.
81、 The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because
A. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.
B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.
C. it is of great use in everyday-life context.
D. it plays important roles in human communication.
82、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of
public speaking?
A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to
world problems.
B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in
times of pandemics.
C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by
senior officers speeches.
D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.
83、 Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT
A. to convince people in a debate. B. to
inform people at a presentation.
C. to advise people at work. D. to
entertain people at a wedding.
84、 According to the passage, which of the following best explains
the author's view on "great speaking ability"?
A. It comes from observing rules. B. It
comes from learning and practice.
C. It can be perfected with easy effort. D. It can
be acquired from birth.
85、 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Public speaking in international forums. B. Public
speaking in daily life context.
C. The many uses of public speaking. D. The rulesof public speaking.
TEXT B
Every business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden:
inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He'd sold two
snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an
idea: He wanted to make a new kind of headphone.
"I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because
they were listening to music," he explains. "Then I'm in a
chairlift(索道), I've got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is
ringing. As I take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think,
"It can't be that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for
music and one for your cell phone." Alden described what he wanted to
a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced (外包)
manufacturing overseas.
Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks-
anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while
snowboarding. "Selling into board and skate shops wasn't a big
research effort," he explains. "Those were the only guys I knew! "
Alden didn't want to be a manufacturer. And by outsourcing,
he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt. But
he was wrong. So he asked his wife: "Can I put a mortgage (抵押贷
款) on the house? She said, 'What is the worst thing that can happen?
We lose the house, we sell our cars, and we start all over again.'I
definitely married the right woman! "
For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and
payments to his manufacturers. "Factories won't ship your product
till they get paid," he says. "But it takes four or five months to
get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we
paid the factory first."
Gradually, non-snowboarders began .to notice the colourful
headphones. In 2006, the company started selling them in 1,400 FYE
(For Your Entertainment) stores. "We knew that nine out of ten people
walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the
first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a
new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn't sell,
but we were dealing with huge numbers. It'd kill us to take
back all the products."
Alden's fears faded as Skullcandy became the No. 1 headphone
seller in those stores and tripled its revenue to $120 million in one
year. His key insight was that headphones weren't gadgets; they were
a fashion accessory. "In the beginning," he says, "that little
white wire that said you had an iPod-that was cool. But now wearing
the white bud means you're just like everyone else. Headphones occupy
this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible."
Today, Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone
supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than
Alden ever imagined.
86、 Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone becausehe
A. was no longer in snowboarding business.
B. had no other business opportunities.
C. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.
D. was very fond of modern music.
87、 The new headphone was originally designed for
A. snowboarders. B. motor cyclists. C.
mountain hikers. D. marathon runners.
88、 How did Alden solve the money problem?
A. He sold his house and his cars.
B. Factories could ship products before being paid.
C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company.
D. He borrowed money from his wife's family.
89、 What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores?
A. He spent more money on product advertising.
B. He agreed to sell products at a discount.
C. He improved the colour design of the product.
D. He promised to buy back products not sold.
90、 Alden sees headphones as
A. a kind of device. B.
part of fashion.
C. a symbol of status. D. a
sign of self-confidence.
TEXT C
I was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my
friend Tai called.
"Sit down," she said.
I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the
haircut from hell. I laughed and said, ."It can't be that bad."
But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement
savings in a "safe" fund with a brilliant financial guru (金融大亨 ).
When I put down the phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I had
died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing.
Since Bernie Madoffs arrest on charges of running a $65 million
Ponzi scheme, I've read many articles about how we investors should
have .known what was going on. I wish I could say I had reservations
about Madoff before "the Call", but I did not.
On New Year's Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of
us Madoff people gathered at Tai's house for dinner. As we were
sitting around the table, someone asked, "If you could have your
money back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have
learned by losing it, would you take the money or would you take what
losing the money has given you?"
My husband was still in financial shock. He said, "I just want
my money back." I wasn't certain where I stood. I knew that losingour money had cracked me wide open. I'd been walking around like what
the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that
was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or
had or experienced, it didn't satisfy me, because I wasn't really
taking it in, wasn't absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention.
Still, I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the
money back, I would turn it down.
But the other four all said that what they were seeing about
themselves was incalculable, arid they didn't think it would have
become apparent without the ground of financial stability being
ripped out from underneath them.
My friend Michael said, "I'd started to get complacent. It's as
if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy (萎缩). Now they're
awake, alive-and I don't want to go back."
These weren't just empty words. Michael and his wife needed to
take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she
was moving into someone's garage apartment in three weeks. Three
friends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they
were going to live.
91、 What did the author learn from Taj's call?
A. Taj had got an awful haircut. B. They
had lost their retirement savings.
C. Taj had just retired from work. D.
They were going to meet for lunch.
92、 How did the author feel in the following weeks?
A. Angry. B. Disappointed. C.
Indifferent. D. Desperate.
93、 According to the passage, to which was she forced to pay
attention"?
A. Her friends. B. Her husband.
C. Her lost savings. D. Her experience.
94、 Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?
A. Her friends valued their experience more. B. Her
friends felt the same as she did.
C. Her friends were in a better financial situation. D. Her
friends were more optimistic than she.
95、 What is the message of the passage?
A. Understanding gained is more important than money lost.
B. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.
C. Desire for money is human nature.
D. One has to be decisive during crises.
TEXT D
In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good
person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you.Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these
passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust,
greed, drug use and the other sins.
These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can't
change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something. Knowing
what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is
not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's
more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social
being. If everybody around you is overeating, you'll probably do so,
too.
The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of
free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can
change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many
things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.
Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious
habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40
percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual
decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of
habits-cue, routine, reward.
You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running
shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the
morning. Don't try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time
you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.
Their research thus implies a. different character model, which
is supposed to manipulate the neural (神经系统的) networks inside.
To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to
coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those
under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the
cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative,
including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse
certain responses by implanting certain cues.
This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural
networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by
clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong
yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.
If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way
an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you're probably
wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life,
don't just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global
belief.
96、 Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century
character model?
A. Passion. B. Determination. C.
Capability. D. Action.
97、 The 19th-century model supposedly does not work because
A. it has worked unsatisfactorily most of the time.
B. the comparison of free will to a dam is groundless.
C. what one wishes to do should be considered carefully.D. there were many other factors beyond one's control.
98、 What is the main implication of the research at Duke University?
A. Habit is key to one's behaviour. B. One's
behaviour is difficult to change.
C. Both habit and will power are important. D. Habit has
an unidentified structure.
99、 According to the new character model, personal behaviour could
be altered through
A. cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses.
B. cues to stop all the former unconscious habits.
C. techniques to devise different physical cues.
D. techniques to supplement old routines.
100、 We learn from the passage that the new character model
A. has been used to change behaviour successfully.
B. deals better with emotional aspects of behaviour.
C. stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit
change.
D. can bring about changes in one's life like what advertisers
do.
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION
101、Most of us, as students, are careful with our money in daily
life: we collect all kinds of coupons (优惠卷); we look for group-buy
deals if we eat out or travel; we don't buy clothes unless in a sale.
However, some people think that all this may not make us smart
consumers. What is your opinion?
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words.
You are to write in three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.
In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your
experience(s) to support your opinion.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural
conclusion or make a summary.
You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and
appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a
loss of marks.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
102、Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on
the following situation:
Your former high-school classmate (Mathew or Grace) is coming to
visit you in the dorm But you have got something urgent to do and
thus cannot wait for him/her there. Leave a note on the door,expressing your apology and telling him/her how to find you. You must
make clear where you are in the note.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and
appropriateness.
答案:
PART Ⅰ DICTATION
1、
[听力原文]
What Are Dreams For?
One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret
desires./We do not express these desires in real life because of
the rules of polite society./Another theory is that dreams allow us
to solve problems /that we can't solve in real life./We go to sleep
with a problem and wake up with the solution./This may be a way to
use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming./If you believe that
your dreams are important, /then analyzing them may help you to focus
on the problem/ and help you to find the solution./ The modern image
is that dreams are the brain's way / of cleaning up the computer's
hard disk./Dreams organize the events of the day into folders/and
delete what is not needed./But we all know that very little of what
we dream/is concerned with what happened to us that day./
[听写难点] 这篇听写的难度主要在最后部分对于梦的现代解读；将大脑
类比为电脑，将梦类比为整理电脑硬盘。听写涉及的电脑术语：hard disk电
脑硬盘；folders文件夹；delete删除；clean up清理。另外，请注意几个易
混淆或易拼写错误的词汇：release释放；solution解决方法；analyze分析；
image形象；concern“与……有关”。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
1、A
[听力原文]
M: Hello Helen! Merry Christmas!
W: Merry Christmas, Rob! You always get so excited on Christmas day.
M: Come in, come in!
W: Thank you. Wow!
M: So, what do you think?
W: That's amazing... so many decorations and what a beautiful
Christmas tree! You must have spent ages doing this! It's beautiful!
M: I like to do Christmas with all the trimmings!
W: All the trimmings?I don't understand.M: All the trimmings-it means all the extra things that traditionally
come with something to make it more special.
W: I see. Like all these decorations?
M: Yes. I n m y famil y w e hav e alway s ha d Christma s wit h al l th e
trimming , s o w e hav e a Christma s tree,decorations , gifts , Christma s
songs , sill y Christma s game s and , mos t importantly , Christma s lunch .
Come this way!
W: A turkey for lunch!
M: No w tha t i s a roas t turke y wit h al l th e trimming s No t onl y i s i t a
turkey , bu t we'r e eatin g i t wit h al l th e thin g yo u traditionall y ea t
wit h Christma s roas t turkey . cranberr y sauce , roas t p
otatoes,gravy,stuffing , carrot s ．
W: I think I understand what "all the trimmings" means now.
M: It's an expression usually used with food, especially at Christmas
and for the big roast dinners that we like to eat. I adore Sunday
lunch with all the trimmings: roast meat, along with lots of
vegetablesand sauces and other traditional accompaniments.
W: Mmmmm...
M: Anyway, enough talk! Let's eat!
W: Delicious . Than k yo u fo r invitin g me .
M: Well cheers to that and Merry Christmas-with all the trimmings!
W: Merry Christmas!
男士介绍他家欢度圣诞的传统方式(Christmas with all the trimmings)有圣
诞树、圣诞装饰、圣诞礼物、圣诞歌曲、圣诞游戏及圣诞大餐，A项presents
是录音中gifts的同义改写，A正确。C“调味汁”、D“肉”属圣诞大餐烤火鸡
的配菜(a roast turkey with all the trimmings)，B“水果”录音没有提到，
排除此三项。注意：trimming本义指“装饰品”，引申义是“(主菜的)全部配
菜”。
2、C
[解析] 男士说圣诞大餐主食是烤火鸡，配菜有越橘酱、烤土豆、肉汁、火鸡填
料和胡萝卜。可见A“胡萝卜”、B“肉”和D“烤火鸡”都有提及，只有C项
sweet potatoes“甘薯”没有提到，故选C。
3、C
[解析] 录音最后女士说：“真可口。谢谢你邀请我。”由此推断她被男士邀请
来吃圣诞餐，C正确。A“她想和，Rob谈一谈”、D“她对厨艺感兴趣”，对话
没有提及。女士去到男士家时，圣诞装饰、圣诞大餐都已经准备好了，因此排
除B“她来给Rob帮忙”。
4、A
[听力原文]
M: Hello, International Students Club. Can I help you?
W: Oh, hello. I sa w you r advertisemen t i n th e student s unio n toda y
an d though t I' d phon e t o fin d ou t a bi t more .
M: Yes, certainly. Well, we'r e a sor t o f socia l an d cultura l activit y
clu b fo r peopl e fro m differen t countries.It' s quit e a ne w club.W e
hav e abou t 8 0 member s a t th e moment,bu t we'r e growin g al l th e time .
W: Right, that sounds interesting. I'm Australian actually, and I
came here about a month ago. So I'm looking for ways to meet some new
people. Um… what kind of activities do you organize?
M: Well, we have a range: cultural, sports, Social and languageactivities.
W: Could you tell me something about the language activities?
M: Yes. every day except Thursday we have a language evening, where
people can come and practice their languages. You know, over a drink
or a bite to eat. We have different languages on differentevenings.
Monday, Spanish; Tuesday, Italian; Wednesday , German ; and Friday,
French. On Thursdaywe usually arrange a meal in a restaurant for
anyone who Wants to come.
W: Well, that sounds great, I really need to practice my French and
German.
M: OK Well, i f yo u ca n jus t giv e m e you r nam e an d address , I'l l sen d
yo u th e for m an d som e mor e details .
W: Thank you. That's great. My name is…
对话一开始，女士就点明打电话的原因：想多了解点信息(to find out a bit
more)，A正确。B“她新来，感到孤独”，其中felt lonely对话没有提及；
C“她想学一门新语言”，是她想加入该俱乐部的原因，与题目所问无关；
D“她对社交活动感兴趣”，女士感兴趣的是语言活动，因此排除此三项。
5、D
[解析] 男士说“我们的人数一直在增加”，可判断D正确。A“主要组织语言
活动”与录音we have a range(我们组织一系列活动)不符；B“接收本地学生
为会员”与录音people from different countries意思相反：C“成立很长时
间了”与a new club意思相反，由此排除A、B、C三项。
6、A
[解析] 男士提到周三上德语，答案是A。“周一”上西班牙语；“周二”上意
大利语；“周五”上法语，排除其他三项。
7、B
[解析] 录音最后男士说“我将寄给你表格和更多有关信息”，可知B正确，同
时排除D“等女士来取表格”。由女士的回答My name is…，可知她留下了地
址，排除A；C属于无中生有。
8、C
[听力原文]
M: So, you'v e bee n i n Graduat e Recruitmen t fo r fiv e years ?
W：Yes.
M: OK. Can I ask you a few questions about your work in Graduate
Recruitment?
W：Sure.
M: What do you find difficult about the job?
W: On e proble m i s I don' t hav e a backgroun d i n IT . An d sometime s I
ge t aske d difficul t technica l question s durin g interview s whic h I
jus t can' t answer . Tha t ca n b e a bi t embarrassing .
M: So how do you do with it?
W: I find honesty is the best policy. I just tell them it's not my
area and promise to contact one of our people from that field and
email them back.
M: And they're happy With that?
W: Yes, it usually works.
M: OK. I se e yo u hav e a lo t o f jo b fair s experience . How useful do
you think they are?
W: Yes. Attendin g jo b fair s a t universitie s i s a n importan t par t o fm y job . I thin k the y ar e reall y usefu l fo r makin g contac t wit h
Career s Developmen t staf f an d prospectiv e candidates . It can be
pretty tiringthough. And it means you're out of the office a lot in
the autumn and the Spring. So we try to sharethe work between the
three of us.
M: That's fine. Now I'd like to know whether you've ever worked
independently.
男士问女士招聘中碰到什么难题。女士说问题之一是她没有IT专业背景，有时
候回答不了别人问的技术性问题，所以很尴尬。可见正确答案是C“缺乏专业
背景”。A“应聘者问的难题”录音虽然提到，但这不是让女士觉得困难的根本
原因，故排除。B“应聘者令人难堪的请求”，利用embarrassing制造干扰，
女士没有说应聘者提要求。她也没有提到招聘中面试技巧方面的难题，故排除
D。
9、A
[解析] 四个选项中的形容词，女士都用到了。她用prospective“可能的，未
来的”形容工作候选人，故选A。B“有用的”、C“重要的”、D“累人的”用
来形容招聘会(job fairs)，可排除。
10、D
[解析] 本题属于推断题。女士在毕业生招聘部门工作了5年，而且在高校工作
招聘方面有丰富的经验，由此推断D正确。A“在招聘会上表现更好”，对话没
有这方面的比较。B“她更喜欢诚实的人”，故意混淆对话提到的她诚实待人，
不懂的问题就说不懂。C“她经常独自丁作”和share the work不符。
SECTION B PASSAGES
11、B
[听力原文]
Now the weather forecast. It's a mixed picture over the next few
days. Today, very wet and windy in Northern Europe. You can see from
the satellite picture that the highest temperatures, as they 'so
often are,are in th e souther n part s o f Europ e wher e it' s als o quit e
dry, particularly over the eastern parts of theMediterranean. The
forecast suggests that it's going to be quite cold over northwestern
parts of Europe forthe rest of the day, even some snow on the
Scandinavian mountains. So that's today's weather, with showery
conditions in many parts of Northern Europe but the best of the
sunshine in the south and throughoutthe Mediterranean. An d prett y
goo d bu t coo l i n th e easter n part s o f Europe , to o. Now let's look at
tomorrow's weather chart. Very much the same in the south excep t tha t
th e rai n i s starin g t o pus h downint o th e norther n pat s o f th e
Mediterranea n there . Elsewhere, staying fine in Eastern Europe and
fine incentral and eastern parts of the Mediterranean as well. But
still wet and windy in many northwestern partsof Europe, including
southern parts of Scandinavian, and a bit cool too.
录音提到欧洲南部天气干燥，B正确。“北欧”的天气潮湿多风(very wet and
windy)；“西北欧”的天气寒冷(quite cold)；“斯堪的纳维亚山脉”是下雪
天气(some snow)，因此排除其他项。
12、D
[解析] 本题询问欧洲哪部分天气会既晴朗又凉爽。天气预报说欧洲东部pretty good but cool，因此选D。
13、D
[解析] 天气预报说南部明天的天气基本与今天相同，除了在地中海北部会降雨
(the rain is starting to push down)，可见D正确。A“地中海中部”和
B“地中海东部”都是天气晴朗；C“地中海南部”，预报没有提及此处明天的
天气情况。
14、A
[听力原文]
Once upon a time societies were organized around religion,
farming, trade or industry. In many parts of the world today this is
still true, bu t somethin g els e i s becomin g mor e important-th e
exchang e o f information , an d th e technolog y tha t w e us e t o d o this .
Twenty-four hour news, e-commerce, mobile phones, Global Positioning
Systems... all these are making the world smaller and faster. Th e
growt h i n telecommunication s i s givin g mor e an d mor e peopl e acces s t o
th e scienc e tha t wil l hel p thei r countr y t o developo r t o acquir e th e
medica l knowledg e tha t ca n figh t disease . Bu t ho w ca n everybod y i n
th e worl d shareth e recen t technologica l advances ? Million s o f peopl e
canno t rea d thes e word s becaus e the y don' t hav e acces s t o a computer .
The y don' t understan d Englis h either . The y don' t eve n hav e a
telephone . The y aremor e worrie d abou t ho w fa r the y wil l hav e t o wal k
toda y t o ge t clea n wate r o r i f the y ca n fee d thenselve s an d thei r
familie s Fo r mos t peopl e o n thi s planet , informatio n i s no t a
priority. Th e Unite d Nation s i s no w tryin g t o mak e th e informatio n
societ y a realit y fo r mor e o f th e developin g world . Tenyear s fr0 m
now , th e pla n i s tha t everybod y i n th e worl d wil l hav e a radi o o r
televisio n an d tha t 50 % o f theworld' s populatio n wil l hav e acces s t o
th e interne t fro m School s an d universities , healt h centre s an d
hospitals , librarie s an d museums . Thi s wil l improv e medica l car e an d
education , scienc e an d agricultur e businessopportuntie s an d
employment.
录音开头提到，信息交流及用以实现信息交流的相关科技变得越来越重要。后
面具体提到电信业发展带来的好处，让越来越多的人接触到帮助国家发展的科
学，以及获得对抗疾病的医疗知识。由此可知，A“更多改善生活的有用信息”
正确。B“社会组织的更大改变”、C“对大众媒体有更深的理解”录音没有提
到。D“更近接触现代设备”答非所问。
15、C
[解析] 作者质疑是否每个人都能接触到先进科技，提到的理由依次是没有电脑、
不懂英语、没有电话和更担心如何获得干净水源及喂饱自己和家人。总结起来
就是很多人因为贫穷接触不到先进科技，正确答案是C。A“文盲”和不懂英语
不是一回事；B“缺乏食物”只是其中一个细节原因，不具概括性；D“无知”
录音没有提到。
16、D
[解析] 联合国计划10年内要达成的目标，录音提到了A“每人拥有一台收音机
或电视机”、B“增加就业机会”、C“更多人(50%的世界人口)有机会使用因特
网”，故排除此三项。D“将在10年后开始实施计划”，录音说的是ten years
from now(从现在开始10年内)。注意，选项中的in ten years表示“10年
后”，是将来的时间，故选D。
17、C[解析] 录音一开始提出当今世界信息交流及其相关科技变得越来越重要，接着
提出很多人南于各种原因接触不到新科技，最后提出联合国计划——把更多发
展中国家建立成信息社会。可见全篇围绕信息社会展开，最终目的是建立信息
社会，C正确。A“电信业的发展”、B“科技和发展中国家”、D“教育及医
疗”都不能概括短文内容。
18、A
[听力原文]
People worldwide celebrate New Year in different ways. In Latin
America, people express their hopes through the color of their
underwear. I f yo u wor e yellow , tha t supposedl y enhance s you r chance s
fo r abundanc e an d earnin g mor e money . If it was red, then you'll more
likely find love in the New Year. And if you were wearing white
underpants, preferably new and clean, then peace will be your top
priority for the coming year. In the Philippines, people eat round
fruits to bring good fortune while they are noisily banging together
pots and pans. However, some New Year's traditions have nothing to do
with luck. In Denmark, people throw their old dishes at the doors of
their friends'homes each New Year's Eve. Thus , a fron t doorste p
covere d wit h broke n plate s suggest s tha t thepersoninsid e ha s a lo t o f
friends. Still, for all those who take part in grand New Year's
events, there are many more who make their own traditions. ma y b e a
smal l gatherin g o f famil y an d friends , watchin g Ne w York' s Time s
Squar e al l dro p o n TV , o r loudl y runnin g throug h th e neighborhood .
Som e ma y simpl y g o t o slee p early , s o the y ca n b e energize d fo r a n
earl y Ne w Year' s Da y hike-perhap s whil e wearin g underwea r tha t suit s
thei r mood,an d wishes , fo r th e Ne w Year .
拉美人新年如果穿黄色内裤，是希望新年能富足、赚更多钱，因此A正确。穿
新的白色内裤表达的是和平的愿望：穿红色内裤表达的是找到真爱的愿望，因
此排除B .C .D。
19、D
[解析] 丹麦人在除夕夜有在朋友家门口摔旧盘子的传统，哪家门前盘子碎片越
多，说明这家的朋友越多。可见D“扔旧盘子”正确。A“吃圆的水果”是菲律
宾人的传统，希望这样在来年能有好运。
20、B
[解析] 录音最后提到个人过新年的一些传统，包括小型的家庭或朋友聚会，聚
会时看电视上纽约时代广场倒数计时，或者喧闹地跑过整个邻区街道。还有些
人干脆就早早入睡，以便第二天有精神进行新年远足。A.C .D都属个人过新年
的方式。B“拜访朋友”和录音中的gathering of family and friends是两回
事，故选B。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
21、C
[听力原文]
Digital textbooks are transforming the way many students learn.
All the Fairfax County Public Schools have begun using online course
material for their middle-and high-school students. Thi s schoo l yea r
th e school s shifte d fro m har d cove r t o electroni c textbook s fo r
socia l studie s i n it s middl e an d hig h schoolsTh e switc h cam e afte r
digita l book s wer e use d i n 1 5 school s las t yea r "Our students come tous technologically ready to use resources from a variety of different
places," says Assistant Superintendent PeterNoonan. "The world is
changing constantly. The online textbooks can change right along with
the eventsthat are happening." There's a significant financial
benefit as well. “ Usuall y i t i s betwee n $5 0 an d $7 0 tobu y a textboo k
fo r eac h studen t Noona n says , “ wgic h add s u p t o roughl y $ 8 millio n
fo r al l o f ou r students . W e actuall y hav e purchase d al l o f th e onlin e
textbook s fo r ou r student s for.iustunde r $ 6 million. "
录音提到“这个学年，初中和高中社会学科课本从硬皮纸质课本换成了电子课
本”，C正确，选项中的digital等同于录音中electronic。 A“15所学校已
开没社会学科”利用social studies制造干扰；B“15所学校已使用电子课
本”、D“学生已准备好使用电子资源”是去年的事，题目问的是这个学年
(this school year)。
22、B
[解析] 录音提到“通常买纸质书总共约花费800万美元，而网络课本花费不到
600万美元”，所以使用电子课本学校可节省约200万美元，正确答案是B。
23、B
[听力原文]
A man was arrested on suspicion of attempting to carry
explosives through a security checkpoint at an airport, authorities
said. Tre y Scot t Atwate r wa s take n int o custod y Saturda y afte r
Transportatio n Securit y Administratio n agent s spotte d wha t the y
describe d a s a suspiciou s item . The item was in hiscarry-on during X-
ray screening at a security checkpoint at the airport, an FBI
spokesman said in a statement. Neithe r m e FB I no r th e TS A identifie d
th e explosives , though airport spokeswoman said the items were
"wrapped in military grade wrapping "and are in the possession of the
police. At no time was there any danger to the people at the airport.
The airport terminal was temporarily evacuated while authorities
"conducted a sweep, and deemed all clear, "said a city spokeswoman.
Atwater has been arrested on afederal count of attempting to get on
an aircraft with an explosive.
根据录音，运输安全管理特工(TSA agent)发现(spot)可疑物，B正确。录音两
次提到FBI(联邦调查局)，一次是FBI发言人说在机场安检处X光扫描时发现
Atwater的随身包中有可疑物，另一次提及FBI和TSA都没能确认爆炸物。录音
只提到“可疑物现在警方手中”，也没有提到passenger等字眼，只说在机场
的人们没有受到任何安全威胁。由此排除A.C.D。
24、C
[解析] 录音提到“FBI和TSA都没能确认爆炸物”，C与录音意思相反，为本
题答案。选项A“候机楼之后短暂关闭”对应录音中的temporarily
evacuated；选项B“对机场内部进行了彻底搜查”对应录音中的conducted
asweep；选项D“机场乘客安然无恙”对应录音中的at no time was there
any danger。
25、A
[听力原文]
In Dakar, psychiatric patients attend regular art therapy
classes to help treat mental disorders. The therapy can be a useful
technique to complement traditional forms of psychotherapy.Psychiatrists in the Senegalesecapital's main hospital see it as an
essential part of the healing process. Art as psychotherapy is still
relatively new in Senegal. Dr. Tabara Sylla, the hospital's chief
psychiatrist, use s ar t therap y medicatio n andclassica l fro m o f
psychotherapra y i n he r practice , treatin g everythin g fro m chroni c
depressio n t o alcoholabus e an d schizophrereni a A t firs t th e projec t
starte d a s a wa y t o kee p patient s bus y i n th e afternoon,rathe r tha n
hav e the m sitiin g aroun d smoking . It soon became clear that art was
creating a communicationbridge between patient and doctor. More and
more now, she says, art workshops have become essentialtherapy-so
much that she cannot imagine this psychiatric unit without them.
医生同时使用艺术疗法及其他方法治疗慢性抑郁症、酗酒及精神分裂症等，没
有提到吸烟，故选A。
26、D
[解析] 医生引进艺术疗法的初衷：这个项目最初只是为了让病人在下午有事可
忙，而不是闲坐着抽烟。可见正确答案是D“让病人有事忙”。A“阻止病人吸
烟”是对rather than have them sitting around smoking的曲解；B“更好
地理解病人”是后来发现的艺术疗法的效用；C“教病人一些技巧”，没有提及。
27、C
[听力原文]
The Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, the government
agency that regulates civil aviation in the United States, announce d
ne w rule s thi s mont h t o comba t pilo t fatigue . The new guidelines,
which wm gointo effect in two years, cal l fo r reducin g th e numbe r o f
pilots'on-dut y hour s an d givin g the m a 10-hourres t perio d betwee n
shifts , s o the y ca n ge t a t leas t 8 hour s o f uninterrupte d sleep . The
new rules apply toonly pilots of passenger airlines. FAA determined
that including pilots who fly Cargo planes-a large segmentof the
aviation industry-would add too much to the cost of implementing the
changes. Bu t th e Independen t Pilot s Associatio n ha s file d a lawsui t
askin g th e governmen t t o se t on e leve l o f safet y fo r al l pilots .
录音一开始指出颁布新规定的目的：应对飞行员疲劳(to combat pilot
fatigue)。接着说到新规定的具体内容“要求减少飞行员勤务时间，在轮班间
有10小时的休息时间，这样他们可以得到至少8小时的完整睡眠”，故选
C“确保充足的睡眠时间”。飞行员人数、超时工作(working overtime)、飞行
员工作量(the amountof work)录音没有提到相关信息，故排除。
28、A
[解析] 录音最后提到独立飞行员协会要求政府对所有飞行员设定统一的安全标
准，可见协会不满的原因是A“新规定不能覆盖到所有的飞行员”。B错在
cargo，新规定只用于客机飞行员。C是提到的事实，不是协会不满的原因。录
音提到如果把货机飞行员也包括进来，实施规定的花费就会太大，但这不是协
会不满的原因，排除D。
29、D
[听力原文]
Th e worl d wil l nee d t o doubl e foo d productio n withi n th e nex t
thre e decade s i n orde r t o fee d a rapidl y growin g an d increasingl y
affluen t population , whic h i s projecte d t o gro w fro m 7 billio n toda y
t o 9billion . A Unite d Natio n repor t say s reachin g tha t goa l wil lrequir e majo r increase s i n intensive , high-efficienc y livestoc k
operatio n fo r bot h mea t an d dair y production . The report also says
that intensive livestockoperations can pose serious ecological risks.
And that's why environmental Critics are calling instead for
reductions in global livestock production, and urging people to
consume less, not more, meat in their diets.Feeding today's
population is a challenge for an already-stressed environment. Th e
challeng e i s ho w toensur e foo d withou t increasin g anima l number s an d
havin g a n impac t o n fragil e land s an d ou r resourebases . More than
half of the agricultural land in the world is used to raise and feed
livestock. Those farmanimals are also responSible for l8 percent of
the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere everyyear. Experts
agree that the next few deeadeS Will present a puzzle-how to feed
nine billion people without wrecking the planet in the process.
录音一开始提到，30年内必须使食物产量翻倍，目的是喂饱快速，增长的、越
来越富裕的人口，而要达到这个目标就得增加密集型的、高效的畜产品。可见
增加畜产品有助提高食物产量、喂饱越来越多的人口，D正确。A“因为畜产品
是高效产品”与增加畜产品不存在因果关系，故排除A；喂饱这些人口才是增
加畜产品的直接原因，因此排除B“因为越来越多的人开始变得富有”。C“因
为它的生态风险较小”与can pose serious ecological risks意思相反，故
排除。
30、B
[解析] 录音提到“挑战在于如何在不增加牲畜数量、不对脆弱的土地和资源造
成不良影响的情况下，还能确保人们有充足的食物”，B“人类生存和生态之间
的平衡”为答案。录音没有提到less land，排除A。C“现在和将来需求的不
同”没有提及；D虽然是提到的事实，却跟题目中的challenge无关。
PART Ⅲ CLOZE
31、C
[解析] 如果没有税收，就不可能支付费用给保卫我们的军队和警察。
without“要不是，如果没有”相当于but for，表示假设，用虚拟语气。表示
与现在相反的情况，谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。空格后的not
be possible提示应填入would，正确答案是C。
语法线索题。may，can不能用于虚拟语气。could和句中的be possible
连用，语义重复，排除此三项。
32、B
[解析] 上半句说不能支付军队和警察的费用。同理，没有税收也不能支付公务
员的费用。句中分号表明空格处需要填入一个连词，表示“也不”，B项nor符
合句意。注意nor后面省略了wouldit be possible to pay。
语义线索题，考查连词的含义。本句的结构是：It would not be
possible to pay soldiers;____the workers.在这种结构中，用来并列连接又
一个否定含义的词时．只能用nor不能用neither，又如：Hehad no friends
nor acquaintances.选项never放入句中句意不通；not只能和but连用表示并
列，也不合适，排除C、D。
33、A
[解析] look after意为“照顾，照料”，可以与health，food，water搭配．
意为政府部门的工作人员照料我们的健康，供应我们粮食和水，因此选A。
词汇线索题，考查短语含义。look over意为“很快地看，浏览”；look
into“调查”；look through“翻阅，翻找”，这几项都不能和health，food，water搭配。
34、C
[解析] 上一句提到没有税收就不可能支付各种费用，这一句紧接着说我们借助
税收来支付需要的东西，因此选C项by means of“凭借，借助”。
语义线索题，考查短语含义。in accordance with “依照，按照”，如：
in accordance with the terms ofthe contract(根据合同条款)；with
reference to“关于”：on account of“由于”，放入句中句意不通。
35、B
[解析] 选项as... as结构提示，句中things that we need和we need
somewhere to live andsomething to eat是比较关系。这句话的大意是税收
对我们很重要，就像我们需要有屋可住、有食可吃一样。B项as much as“达
到和……一样的程度”，符合句意。
语义线索题，考查比较结构。well，good不能修饰动词need，排除A、
D。没有as such as的说法，排除C。
36、D
[解析] 句子前一分句说税收必要，后一分句说怎么征税大家意见不一致，D项
though“尽管”符合句意，表让步关系。
逻辑关系题。if表示条件，when表示时间，as表示原因。as虽然也可以
引导让步状语从句，但通常需要倒装，本句是正常语序，故不选as。
37、A
[解析] 分析空格所在句结构，介词宾语从句缺少副词，说明征税的方式，A项
how“如何、怎样”符合句子语义和语法要求，故选A。
语法和语义线索题。when虽然也可以引导宾语从句，但下文提到的是征
税方式，因此排除B。why表原因，which表选择，放入句中语义不通，排除C
和D。
38、C
[解析] 句中income tax“所得税”，提示此处说的是针对个人所征的税费，C
项persons正确。
语义线索题。community“社区”，sector“部门”，class“阶层”与
income tax没有关系，因此排除。
39、B
[解析] 填入该空格处的词作句子主句的谓语，其主语是a direct tax。
exist“存在”，符合题意，即大多数国家实行个人所得税这种税收方式。
词义辨析题。remain“保存，留存”：stay“保持，维持”，这两个选项
词义和用法相近，可一并排除。happen“发生”，一般指事故或意外的发生，
也可排除。
40、D
[解析] 根据下文：穷人不用交税，收入越高交的税越多，这是个人所得税的征
收有式，因此D项正确，固定搭配in a... way表示“以……方式”。
语义线索题。measure“措施”，放入句中句意不通；method“方法”不
能和in搭配。空格所在句中，that引导定语从句the poorest people...
income grows，其中that指代in this way(通过这种方式)，form“形式”虽
可以和in搭配，但不能在定语从句中作方式状语，故排除。
41、B
[解析] 根据下文提示“纳税人收入越高”，可知“(个税)税率百分比就越大”。
因此选B项larger。
词汇线索题，考查形容词辨析。more，quicker，speedier不能和
percentage(百分比)构成搭配，不选，
42、C
[解析] 本句意思是：在有些国家，最富的人缴纳的税率高达95%。句中缺少表示“升高，达到”的谓语，C项goes up符合句意。
词汇线索题，考查动词词组辨析。grow up“长大成人”，lift up“举
起”放入句中，句意不通。没有increase up这种搭配。故排除此三项。
43、D
[解析] 上文讲到大多数国家存在直接税收，本句承接上文，大意为“但是那些
存在直接税收的国家，几乎都有间接税收。”连同but表示对比，符合题意。
[点晴]逻辑关系题。前文的“直接税”和本段的“间接税”构成对比并列
关系，and表示“顺承”的并列关系，故排除A。空格所在句与上文不存在因果
关系或者比较关系，因此排除consequently“因此”和similarly“同样地”。
44、B
[解析] 空格处需要填入一个副词，能与nearly“几乎，差不多”搭配。
always常和nearly搭配，意思“几乎总是”，强调了间接税收存在的普遍性。
语义线索题，考查副词搭配。almost“几乎”和nearly意思重复；
nearly often两者语义矛盾；periodically“周期性地”放入句中语义不通。
45、B
[解析] 分析句子结构，这是一个it is... who...强调句型，it is the men
and women... who reallyhave to pay the duties，强调的是主语；menand
women，该主语又带定语从句：who buythese imported things in the
shops。故选B。
语法线索题。强调句型中引导词只有that和who，因此排除which，
what，whom。
46、D
[解析] 本句大意是：买进口物品的人其实是被征税的，只不过关税是以更高商
品价格的形式征收，D项form强调某物存在的形式，符合题意。
语义线索题，考查名词辨析。manner作单数时指“方式，方法”如：in
a leisurely manner(不慌不忙地，从容地)；way“(做事的)方法，方式”；
means“方法，手段”，通常用by means of，这几项都不能和higher prices
搭配。
47、C
[解析] 本句大意为：在有些国家，商店里销售的商品也会征税。句中缺少一个
表示“也”的副词。too“也，还”，用于肯定句，通常位于句未，其前面的逗
号可有可无。在书面语中，too可位于句中作插入语，这时其前后一般有逗号。
因此选C。
语义线索题。either作副词时，意为“也，还”，通常用于否定句。
also，often通常放在实义动词之前，不用作插入语。
48、A
[解析] 根据句子提示：如果连最基本的必需品都要收税，那么政府收到的税款
会很多，collect“收(账、债、税等)”符合题意。
词汇线索题，考查动词辨析。borrow“借”，save“节省，保存”，
lend“借出”放入句中句意不通。
49、D
[解析] jewels and fur coats“珠宝、皮革”是对unnecessary things“非
必需品”的具体列举，介词like“比如，像”符合题意。
词汇线索题。介词for没有列举的意思。alike无论作形容词“相似的”
还是副词“相似地；同样地”，语法和语义上都不合适。as表示列举时，需要
和such连用。
50、B
[解析] 根据上下文，“如果只对像珠宝或者皮革之类的非必需品收税，税收会
相对减少但会……”，原因是“富人缴纳”，由此推出这样的税收(制度)会更
公平。因此选B项fairer“更公平”。语义线索题。heavier“更重”、finer“更好”、better“更好”，文中
没有相关语句比较税赋轻重、好坏的问题。
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
51、B
[解析] 考查动名词的逻辑主语。动名词前面可以加一个形容词性物主代词、代
词宾格或名词所有格作为该动名词的逻辑主语。少数动词(如：deny, delay，
postpone，defer等)，其后动名词的逻辑主语(包括无生命的东西)，大都采用
所有格或形容词性物主代词，如：They denied their having ever been
there.(他们矢口否认他们曾到过那儿。)因此本题答案是B。
52、D
[解析] 考查主语补足语。接在动词之后对主语起着解释或描述作用的成分，叫
主语补足语。形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等都可作主语补
足语。句中名词词组a different man作主语Xinchun的补足语，故选D。又如：
He died a poor man．(他死的时候很穷。)
53、C
[解析] 考查复合词的概念。由两个或更多的词合成一个新间的现象，叫复合词，
又称合成词(词与词之间可以有连字符)。C项deadline“最后期限”由dead和
line两个词合成，因此选C。其他选项都是派生词(由“词根+词缀”构成)，
non-，mrs-，-ness都是词缀。
54、A
[解析] 考查虚拟语气。表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词引导的
宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用“(should)+动词原形”，常见的动词包括：
advise，command，decide，demand，determine，insist，maintain，order，
prefer，propose，reconunend，require，suggest等等。因此A正确，从句省
略了should。B是陈述句，C是祈使句。D包含if引导的条件句，主句用将来
时，从句用一般现在时，句中没有使用虚拟语气。
55、A
[解析] 考查限定词与名词的搭配。A项many只可接可数名词复数形式，不可接
不可数名词。其他选项enough，more，such既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可
数名词，如：such behavior/a situation。
56、C
[解析] 考查连词and的用法。A“她打开门，然后轻轻地走进来”，and表先后
顺序。B“思考一下，你会找到答案的”，and表条件。C“维多利亚喜欢音乐，
而萨姆喜欢运动”，and表对比。D“他有点骄傲，我不喜欢”，and表评注。
57、D
[解析] 考查名词替代词。在英语中，为了避免名词重复使用，常用一个名词来
替代另一个名词，这种现象叫名词性替代。常见名词性替代词：one/ones，the
same，all，both, some，many, much, either, neither等，如：Shebought
two toys，but neither can please the child.不能充当名词替代词的是D项
quarter“四分之一”。
58、B
[解析] 考查将来时态。A“妈妈四点钟将会和姑妈贝蒂一起喝茶”，不定式be
to do表示“计划好将来的动作”。B“小学生们现在大概已经到家了”，will
表示推测。C“总统下周将去联合国”，用进行时is coming表将来。D“他将
通过电子邮件把必需的信息发给我”，用be going to表将来。故选B。
59、A
[解析] 考查主谓一致。politics作“政治学”讲时，谓语动词用单数，因此A
项语法上错误。ten miles看作整体，因此用单数；mumps“腮腺炎”虽以s结
尾，却是不可数名词，谓语用单数；furniture是不可数名词，因此也用单数。60、C
[解析] 考查of的用法。A“占领岛屿”表示动宾关系，B“牛顿法则”表示来
源，C“游客的到来”表示主谓关系，D“奥斯卡·王尔德的戏剧”表示来源。
因此选C。
61、C
[解析] 考查不定式作同位语。C项“托尼打消了撒谎的冲动”不定式to tell
a lie对名词urge“冲动”起补充说明的作用，为其同位语。在其他三项中，
不定式作名词的后置定语。A中名词the man是不定式to draw back的逻辑主
语，不定式相当于who will draw back。B中名词the family是不定式to
support的逻辑宾语，不定式相当于that he must support。D中名词nothing
是不定式to fear的逻辑宾语，不定式相当于for us to fear。
62、A
[解析] 考查祈使句。祈使句用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等意义，句子的
主语You通常省略。A项“我希望你能够留下来”，表达意愿、希望，不是祈使
句。B项“你少管闲事!”表示命令；C项“和我们一起吃晚饭吧!”表示邀请；
D项“让我送你回家，行吗?”是带反意疑问句的祈使句，表示建议。
63、B
[解析] 考查if引导的虚拟语气。对将来实现的可能性很小或不确定的假设，
if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/should+动词原形，主句谓语用
would/should/could/might+动词原形。注意虚拟条件句中，be动词都用
were，因此选B。
64、D
[解析] 考查情态动词must的用法。A“玛丽和她的儿子这时一定已到家”、
B“阅读粗心成绩肯定差”、C“他在办公室一定是工作到很晚”此三项表示推
测，must意为“一定，肯定”。D“天晚了，我必须离开了”，是对事实的一
种陈述，must表示“必须”，因此选D。
65、A
[解析] 考查动态动词。主动词按词汇意义可分为动态动词(Dynamic Verb)和静
态动词(Stative Verb)。动态动词表示运动状态，静态动词表示相对静止的状
态。remain“保持，依然”表示一种静止状态，故选A。turn“改变方向”表
方位改变，write“写”表持续动作，knock“敲，打”表短暂动作，这三项属
于动态动词。
66、B
[解析] 动词词义辨析。adjust to意为“适应，习惯”，B符合句意。adhere
to意思是“坚持，信守”，如：adhere to regulations(遵守规定)。
adopt“收养；采纳”为及物动词，不跟to搭配；acquaint“使……熟悉”，
一般跟with搭配。
67、D
[解析] 形容词词义辨析。句中the same old提示工作单调乏味，D项
dull“无聊的，无趣的”与句中dreary“沉闷的，枯燥的”意思一致，故选
D。hard“困难的，辛苦的”，long“长时间的”，tiring“累人的”。
68、A
[解析] 习语词义辨析。sth. be beyond sb．意为“对某人来说难以想象、理
解或估计”，A“我无法理解”是对划线句子的正确理解。B“我不能做到”，
C“我不能忍受”，D“我没办法停止”。
69、C
[解析] 动词词组词义辨析。旧房子还能卖好价钱，说明是重新装修过了，C项
do up“修理，重新装修”符合句意。do for常用于询问某人为某事做了什么
安排，如：What will you do for transport tonight?(今天晚上的车你是怎
么安排的?)do in“使筋疲力尽”，如：That walk really did me in．(走那么多路真是把我累坏了。)dowith“处理”，用于否定句和与what连用的疑问
句，如：What have you done with my umbrella?(你把我的伞弄到哪里去了?)
70、A
[解析] 名词词义辨析与搭配。句中转折词but表明，萨莉虽然贡献很大，却从
不邀功，credit“称赞，表扬”，为不可数名词，常用于give (sb.) credit
for sth.//take/accept/deserve the credit搭配中，A符合句意。
attention“注意，专心；关注”，focus“(话题的)焦点；(注意力的)中心”，
不能与accept搭配。award“奖品，奖金”为可数名词，句中出现all，这里用
单数语法上是错误的。
71、C
[解析] 考查副词的词义。副词apparently意思是“看来，显然”，C项as
far as one can see“就某人所见”为正确答案。as far as one has learnt
意为“据某人所知”，as far as one is concerned意为“对某人而言”，
asfar as one is told意为“就某人被告知的情况”。
72、A
[解析] 名词词义辨析。argument意为“a set of reasons that show
that sth. is true or untrue, right or wrong etc.论点”，point意为“a
single fact, idea or opinion that is part of an argument or
discussion要点”。“运动塑造性格”是独立的观点，不是某个观点下的要点，
因此选A。“运动塑造性格”是一种观点，不是issue“(存在的)问题”或
sentence“句子”，排除B、D项。
73、D
[解析] 形容词词义辨析。infinite意思是“极大的，很多的(very
great)”，如：Teaching little children takes infinite patience.(教幼
儿需有极大的耐心)，much“很多的”与infinite意思接近，D为正确答案。
limited“有限的”，unnecessary“不必要的，多余的”，与下划线单词词义
相反。overdue“延误的；过期的”，不符句意。
74、B
[解析] 介词词组词义辨析。in the event of意思是“如果发生，万一”，表
示一种假设，B“如果意外发生”，为正确答案。A项虽然也表示假设，但
prevent意思是“避免”，与划线部分假设情况相反。C“事故发生之前”、
D”事故发生时”不表示假设。
75、A
[解析] 动词词义辨析。句中midwife“接生婆”提示空格处应填入表示“接生，
助产”的动词。deliver“投递(文件)；发言；助产”符合句意，故选A。
produce“生产，制造，种植；导致”，handle“解决，处理；触，摸”，
help“帮助”。
76、C
[解析] 名词词义辨析。一般来说，特定的场所才会禁止饮食，premises指
“(商店、餐馆、公司等的)经营场地”，building“建筑物”与premises意思
接近，故选C。proposition“主张：命题”，advertisement“广告”，
street“街道”。
77、B
[解析] 形容词词义辨析。conclusive意思是“最终的，结论性的，毋容置疑
的”，conclusive evidence是法律用语，指“确凿的证据”，与句子中
court，appeal等法律语境相符。definite也可形容evidence，指证据“明确，
肯定的”，但这种“肯定”是指clearly known，seen，or stated(明显的)，
或者unlikely to change(不可能改变的)。根据句子语境，本题用B项
conclusive更好。C项eventual“最终的，结果的”，D项concluding“结束
的，最后的”，放入句中句意不通，故排除。78、D
[解析] 名词词义辨析。句中swept through“(迅猛地)扫过”提示这股寒风很
强劲，故选D项blast“一阵疾风，一股气流(a sudden strong movement of
wind or air)”。flow“流动，流淌”，a flow of cold air表示“冷空气的
流动”，不能表示气流强烈，因此排除。a movement of cold air表示“冷空
气的移动(方向)”，放在句中句意不通。rush表示“冲，奔(a sudden fast
movement of things or people)”时，也可以与wind，air，water搭配使用，
但rush强调速度快，没有强劲的意思，因此排除。
79、A
[解析] 动词词义辨析。refrain为不及物动词，通常与from连用，表示“克制、
抑制(某种冲动或感情)”，句中but提示她最终忍住了没说，因此A正确。
prevent常用于prevent sb. from doing sth．结构，表示“阻止某人做某
事”。limit一般指空间、时间或数量上的限制，为及物动词，后面不能接介
词，因此排除B、C。restrict“约束，限制”为及物动词，常用于restrict
sth./sb．to的结构，表示把某人或物限制在一定范围之内，排除D。
80、C
[解析] 副词词义辨析。gaily painted意为“涂上艳丽油漆”，C项
brightly“(颜色)鲜艳地，明亮地”为本题答案。cheerfully“高兴地，愉快
地”，light-heartedly“轻松地，无忧无虑地”，可以用来表示人的心情，但
不能用以修饰painted。lightly“轻轻地；轻松地；轻率地”，放入句中，语
义不通。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION
TEXT A
81、D
[解析] 根据题干关键词irreplaceable定位至第1-2段。
第1段最后一句谈到言语不可取代，第2段说明原因：言语能实现多种重
要功能，比如劝说或激励、提供信息、表达敬意、娱乐等等。归纳起来，
spoken word的重要功能就是沟通，D最全面。
细节判断题。A仅提到激励或劝说(inspire orpersuade)的功能。言语还
有娱乐等功能，B项中的entertainment bUsiness(娱乐行业)是对原文的曲解，
而且也不是言语不可取代的原因。第2段最后提到的introducing...something
对应C中的in everyday-lifecontext，但C也仅仅是众多功能之一。故排除
A、B、C。
82、A
[解析] 根据题干关键词the role of public speak-ing定位至第4-7段。
第4段以哥本哈根的世界气候大会为例，说明演讲在世界论坛上起到的重
要作用是应付或协调不同的观点(dealing with or reconcilingdifferent
points of view)，而不是A中所说的找到解决问题的有效办法(effective
solutions)。哥本哈根会议上的发言也只是促成了行动，并没有解决环境问题。
所以选A。
细节判断题。B“在流行病爆发期间，医学权威组织的演讲能够使人们冷
静下来”对应第6段最后两句。C“高级长官在战争前的讲话能够鼓舞士兵们的
士气”与第5段最后一句呼应。D“歌颂逝者的演讲能抚慰哀悼者”与第7段第
1句呼应。
83、C
[解析] 第9-10段。
与选项C中at work相关的句子只有第9段最后一句。这句话意在说明工
作场合的信息性演讲有告知信息(to inform... about...)的功能，而非advise“劝告，提建议”的功能。故选C。
细节判断题。第9段第1句中的persuade thelisteners of the
soundness of your argument(说服听众你的观点合理正确)与A的convince
people相呼应。B“在演讲中告知他人信息”与第9段最后一句的表述一致。D
的entertain people则对应第10段第2句make them laugh。所以A、B、D都
是演讲的功能。
84、B
[解析] 根据题干关键词speaking ability定位至最后一段。
该段最后一句提到：你需要反复练习，并从过去的优秀演讲中汲取经验。
可以判断B是正确答案。
细节判断题。该段第3句的there are rules thatyou can put to good
use(你得充分掌握演讲规则)，与A中的“遵守规则”并不完全相同，排除A。
奥巴马要努力完善每场演讲，可见C中的easy effort与原文表述不符，排除
C。D的表述与该段第1句完全相反。
85、C
[解析] 全文。
文中第1段为introduction；第2段提出观点：第3-10段对演讲的功能
展开各个层面的例证；最后一段总结并点出演讲需要后天训练。可见，全文围
绕主旨句The spoken word canhandle various vital functions而展开。
C“公共演讲的多种用途”是这句话的概括，为答案。
主旨判断题。A“公共演讲在国际论坛中的作用”和B“公共演讲在日常
生活中的作用”涵盖文章的小部分。D“演讲的技巧规则”没有在文章中展开详
述。
TEXT B
86、C
[解析] 根据题干关键词came up with the idea定位至第1-2段。
第1段最后一句提到了Alden的想法，第2段阐述原因。他因为经常看到
人们因为在听音乐而错过了电话，想要发明一种一个插头接听音乐一个插头听
接电话的耳机，方便手机用户。故答案为C“他看到了手机用户的不便之处”。
细节判断题。A“不再从事滑板事业”和B“没有其他的商业机会”具有
一定的误导性，第1段中确实提到Alden卖了两家滑雪板企业之后无事可做，
但Buthe had an idea表明，这两者并非直接原因，否则句子逻辑上应当用so
he had an idea，因此排除A、B。Alden虽然经常听音乐，但从文中无法得知
他是否喜欢modern music，故排除D。
87、A
[解析] 根据题干关键词originally designed定位至第3段第1句。
该段第1句提到了Alden的目标人群——那些在滑雪时听音乐的人。可见，
新式耳机最初是为滑雪者设计的，选A。
细节判断题。从第6段笫1句可以看出，不滑雪的人(non-snowboarders)
从2006年才渐渐开始得知并购买这款耳机，从时间上也可以断定这款耳机最初
是为滑雪者而设计的。B“摩托车驾驶员”、C“登山者”和D“马拉松运动
员”文中并未提及。
88、C
[解析] 根据题干关键词money problem定位至第4段后半部分。
Alden问妻子“我能把房子抵押了贷款吗?”妻子回答说“最坏的情况会
是什么?无非是卖房卖车，重新开始。”Alden感叹“我真是娶对人了!”可见
妻子同意他抵押房子贷款，故C“他向贷款公司借钱”是正确答案。
细节判断题。注意Alden妻子的回答What is the worst thing that can
happen?并非简单的一般疑问句。她深知最糟糕的事情会是卖房卖车，从零开始，她只是想表达不惧失败，做好最坏打算的态度。因此，A不正确。B与第5段第
2句“厂家没收到货款是不会给你发货的”相矛盾。D在原文找不到依据。
89、D
[解析] 根据题干关键词promote sales定位至第6段最后两句。
该段倒数第2句提到，We had agreed to buy back anything we didn't
sell，间接回答了消赞者因为不熟悉这一品牌而不会选购这一问题。可见，花
钱回购卖不出去的商品是Alden的促销策略，D为答案。
细节判断题。在文章中找不到Alden对商品打广告( advertising)、降折
扣(discount)和改进颜色设计(colour design)的依据，可以直接排除A、B、
C。
90、B
[解析] 第7段第2句。
该段第2句His key insight表明这是Alden的观点，与题目Alden see
headphones as相对应，其中insight对应see sth as, fashion accessory对
应part of fashion，即可判断B正确。
观点态度题。在该段第2句中，Alden认为耳机不是小物件(gadgets)，可
见A“一种小设备“错误。虽然该段最后一句提到耳机在这一相关产业中举足
轻重而且非常引人注目，但Alden说这句话主要为了表明他认为耳机是一种时
尚，而非社会地位，不选C。D“自信的标志”没有原文依据。
TEXT C
91、B
[解析] 根据关键词Taj's called定位至第1-4段。
第4段提到，在接到电话前，“我”在基金里存放了30年的退休储蓄，
听完电话后“我”所有的储蓄都蒸发了，可见作者从泰姬的电话中得知她的退
休储蓄没了，故选B。
细节判断题。A“泰姬剪了糟糕的发型”具有一定的误导性，第3段提到
“我以为她要告诉我她剪了多糟糕的发型”，这只是作者自己推测的“糟糕的
事”。C“泰姬刚刚退休”文中没有提及。D“她们中午要一起吃饭”，聚餐是
三周以后的事，这次电话只是通知一个坏消息。
92、D
[解析] 根据题干关键词the author feel定位至第4段最后一句和第7段第4
句。
作者昕到这一消息后的第一反应是：觉得自己已经死了，却还剩下呼吸。
在三周后的聚餐中，被朋友问及想要回钱还是要教训时，作者提刭“我知道损
失这么多钱简直就是把我劈成两半(第7段第4句)”，由此推知作者的绝望情
绪，故选D。
细节判断题。A“愤怒”、B“失望”应该也是正常反应，但都不足以表示
心若死灰，所以没有D贴切。C“冷漠”与事实不符，作者受了巨大的打击，反
应强烈。
93、D
[解析] 根据题干关键词forced to pay attention定位至第7段。
解答本题需要联系上文。第6段提到，有人问“想要回钱还是要得到的经
验教训”。第7段是作者夫妇对这一问题的反馈。作者的丈夫想要回钱，而她
则在两者间徘徊不定。作者说在遭受损失以前，她吃着碗里的，看着锅里的，
不论吃多少、拥有多少、经历了多少，都不满足，因为自己“没有真正地消化
吸收”，而现在就被迫关注自己“吃的、拥有的以及经历的”一切。故选D。
语义理解题。一开始作者在想要回钱还是要经验教训的问题上犹豫不定，
她考虑的并非A“她的朋友们”和B“她的丈夫”。根据上下文，作者“被迫关
注”的是前两句中指示代词it的内容，亦即作者拥有却不曾为之满足的东西，C“损失的积蓄”不全面。
94、A
[解析] 根据题干关键词her friends定位至第8段。
该段开头的But表明，朋友的态度与作者夫妇的态度不同。她的朋友认为
从中悟到的经验非常珍贵(what they were seeing about themselveswas
incalculable)。故选A“更看重得到的经验”，同时排除B“朋友们的看法和
她相同”。
细节判断题。最后一段交代了各位朋友的经济状况：有的需要为他人提供
寄宿、有的要住别人的车库、有的破产，因此排除C“朋友们的经济状况更好
一些”。文章最后提到有的人破产之后对未来一片茫然，可见D“朋友们比她
更乐观”错误。
95、A
[解析] 全文。
全文围绕would you take the money or would you take what losing
the money hasgiven you?展开。作者的多数朋友认为教训更重要；作者反思了
过去自己总是不满足的心态。所以本题答案为A“获得的认识比损失钱财更重
要”。
主旨判断题。B“面对经济危机人们的反应自然各不相同”，文中提到了
这…点，但作者是以此为引子展开“金钱与教训”的深层讨沦。C“对金钱的欲
望是人类的本性”和D“人们在危机面前要果断”文中没有提及。
TEXT D
96、B
[解析] 根据题干关键词the 19th-century character model定位至第1-2段。
从第1段可知，在19世纪的品格模式中，一个好人需要控制自己的种种
欲望(keep... inch eck/say no to…)。第2段第1-2句提到，以前的那套模
式过时了，人们不可能仅靠意志改变自己的行为，由此推断，在19世纪，人们
认为靠意志可以扭转自己的行为。determination是对原文resolving to do
something的同义改写，故选B。
细节判断题。由第1段可知，A“激情”(文中指欲望)和D“行动”是需要
运用意志力去控制的对象，而非培养品格模式的关键要素。C“能力”文中没有
提及。
97、D
[解析] 根据题干关键词the 19th-century model does not work定位至第3
段。
第2段指出，仅靠意志力还不足以改变人的行为。第3段进一步说明，19
世纪品格模式的基础，即自由意志，作用有限，因为很多东西是不受自己控制
的。所以选D“很多其他因素不受个人控制”。
细节判断题。文中没有捉到19世纪的品格模式运行的效果，A中的
worked unsatisfactorily没有原文依据。文中把意志比作隔挡欲望洪流的大
坝(is to erectdams to keep passions in check/Your willpower isnot
like a dam..．)但这一模式不适用不是因为比喻不恰当，而是因为意志力的作
用有限，故排除B“将自由意志比作大坝不合理”。C“想做的事情应该经过深
思熟虑”文中没有提到。
98、A
[解析] 根据关键词Duke University定位至第4段。
该段第1句是主题句：我们的大部分行为受无意识习惯的支配。紧接着用
杜克大学的研究作为例证，其研究结果是，超过40%的行为受控于习惯(are
governed by habit)，故选A“习惯是决定行为的重要因素”。
细节判断题。第5段提到，可以改变个人习惯，比如想吃零食的时候可以去去走走，B中的difficult没有原文依据。杜克大学的研究关注的是habit并
不涉及will power(只是说人们的行为有40%由习惯而非实际决定所主宰)，C没
有依据。D“习惯的构成不明”与第4段最后一句中的come to understand the
structureof habits(开始了解习惯的构成)相矛盾，故不选。
99、A
[解析] 根据题干关键词personal behaviour could be altered定位至第5-8
段。
第5段提到，可以把运动短裤放地板上提醒早起去跑步，或者用出去散步
来打消吃零食的欲望，即第7段最后一句提到的，设法通过埋下一些诱因来引
发相应的反应。故选A“通过诱因操控惯性神经反应”。
细节判断题。由第8段可知，习惯神经网不能被巧妙的诱发机制逆转，即
诱因可以帮助改变一部分行为模式，因此排除B。C“通过一些方法来创造不同
的物理诱因”只是改变行为的准备步骤，这些诱因激发了神经网络的反应才能
改变行为，所以C不是直接原因。D“通过一些方法来补充旧的行为惯例”在文
中没有提及。
100、C
[解析] 根据题干关键词the new character model定位至第6-9段。
第6、7段提到，品格模式对神经网络的操控以及通过植入诱因引发神经
系统的反应。第8段提到，习惯神经网还受情感的影响，可见C“强调习惯改变
中的神经及心理方面”正确。
细节判断题。A“能成功改变行为”太过绝对，文中slightly
manipulative(略具操控性)，nor can theybe reversed(不可能被逆转)等词表
明，行为只能被部分改变，排除A。第8段提到习惯神经网受情感因素的影响，
是为了强调诱因和惯例不是全部因素，而不是说更侧重行为的情感方面，排除
B项。D“能像广告商那样改变你的生活”与最后一段第1句不符，故也排除。
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION
1、
Will New Ways of Consumption Make Us Smart Consumers?
[1] Nowadays, in this consumption-oriented society, more and
more people including students are pursuing new ways of consumption
inorder to save money. Coupons, group-buy deals as well as
discountsare warmly welcomed and considered fashionable by consumers.
[2] However, will they really help us save money and make us
smartconsumers? Undoubtedly, the answer is NO.
[3] First of all, the gratification of saving money on one
commodity wiU greatly stimulate consumers'desire to buy more. It is
easy topresume that more money will be spent eventually. [4]
Similarly, at thesight of such low price, many consumers tend to lose
their mind andcome back home with packages of unnecessary goods. It
is absolutelya waste of money. [5] Last but not least, many consumers
are passionate enough to purchase piles of group-buy coupons without
realizingthat there are many unpleasant, additional clauses attached
to them. [6] For instance, many restaurant coupons can only be used
at a certaintime with certain specified dishes, which can hardly be
called a satisfactory consumption experience.
[7] To conclude, there's no denying that these fashionable waysof consumption can to some extent help us save money. However, amuch
greater amount of money will be spent if we are indulged in using
them. We will never become truly Smart consumers if we don'tspend
money rationally.
[解析]
[1] 开门见山，通过现象引出话题。
[2] 通过一问一答的方式表明自己的态度。
[3][4][5] 分别从三个方面来论述团购等消费方式并不能真正省钱。
[6] 通过举例说明有些团购券的附加条款限制了消费者的自由，并不能让
消费者满意消费。
[7] 结尾指出沉溺于这种消费方式并不明智，强调应理智消费。
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
102、April 20th, 2013
Dear Mathew,
I'm really sorry that I cannot wait for you in my dorm because I
have something urgent to do. You can meet me at the entrance of our
school library at 4 o'clock this afternoon. You may need the map
onthe back of the note to find your way to the library. I'll be
waiting for you there. See you then.
Yours,
Alice
