文档内容
Unit 5 Working the land
课前积P累art 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
话题作文：
假定你是某中学校英文报编辑，你校下周将举办一次主题为“关爱地球”的志愿活动。请你在该报上
写一则通知，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.表达期待。
参考范文：
Notice
To help improve the environment, our school is going to organize a voluntary activity on the theme of “Caring
for the Earth”.
The activity is scheduled to take place next Saturday. There are three different voluntary tasks for you to
choose from: planting trees in a park, setting up signs for roadside plants and distributing environmental brochures
in nearby communities. Everyone wishing to do their part is expected to sign up at the student office before next
Wednesday. If you are interested, don’t hesitate to join us.
Looking forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
课后培优练
级练
培优第一阶——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1．We must consider every a__________ of the problem.
【答案】aspect
2．The central government is sparing no effort to help people out of p________.
【答案】poverty
3．His leg was now capable of full ________ (伸展)．
【答案】extension
学科网（北京）股份有限公司4．Fruit should be dealt with ________(农药) regularly.
【答案】pesticide
5．Humans can’t ________ (消化) plants such as grass.
【答案】digest
6．There are ________ (本质上的)differences between the two methods.
【答案】essential
7．I ________ (完全地) enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favorite part.
【答案】absolutely / completely / entirely / totally
8．The new laws have gained w________ (广泛的) acceptance.
【答案】widespread
II．单句语法填空
1．It’s also_________ (entire) necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
【答案】entirely
【详解】考查副词。句意：对于他们来说能够完成大学教育也是完全必要的。设空处修饰形容词 necessary
作状语，应用副词形式，故填entirely。
2．There is a ________ (poor) of colour in her work.
【答案】poverty
【详解】考查名词。句意：她的作品缺乏色彩。固定用法 poverty of (缺乏)符合句意，结合不定冠词a，用
单数名词poverty。故填poverty。
3．For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of
________ were set up by local doctors.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：比如，在秘鲁首都利马，有超过50家中医诊所，其中大约70%是由当地医
生创办的。根据句式和句意可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。先行词为 more than 50 Chinese medicine
clinics，指物。关系词需位于介词of之后，且在定语从句中作宾语，故填which。
4．It is ________(essence) for high-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power.
【答案】essential
【详解】考查形容词。句意：高新技术企业增强竞争力至关重要。“it is +形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.”是固定
用法，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是......”。因此，此处应填essence的形容词essential。故填essential。
5．________ he likes books of this kind is very interesting.
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他喜欢这类书，这很有趣。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，从句不缺
成分，空格处仅仅起到连接作用，应用that引导，首字母应大写。故填That。
6．You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two ________(alternative).
【答案】alternatives
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：你可以按周用现金获得报酬，也可以按月用支票获得报酬；这是两个选择。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司根据句子结构和定冠词the可知，空处应填名词作表语，alternative“可供选择的办法”是可数名词，被two
修饰，应用其复数形式。故填alternatives。
7．The diet is _____________ (nutrition) but low in calories.
【答案】nutritious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种饮食有营养，但热量低。is是系动词，后接形容词作表语，nutrition“营
养”是名词，形容词形式nutritious “有营养的”，故填nutritious。
8．If something bad happens on a particular day, people have a tendency__________ associate that day with the
negative event.
【答案】to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果某一天发生了不好的事情，人们会倾向于把这一天和消极的事情联系
起来。根据句意和 have a tendency以及动词原形associate可知，空处应填入to，构成短语 have a tendency
to do sth，表示“有做……的倾向”，故填to。
9．This can make them nervous or embarrassed__________speaking English in public.
【答案】about
【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：这可能会让他们在公共场合说英语感到紧张或尴尬。表示“对……
感到紧张或尴尬”应用be embarrassed/nervous about。故填about。
10．He occupied himself__________packing the luggage.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：他忙着收拾行李。观察句子可知，本题考查固定短语 occupy oneself with doing
sth.，意思为：忙于做……。故填with。
11．The development of the site will have ____ (imply) for the surrounding countryside.
【答案】implications
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。该空作句子宾语，用名词，“对周围的
乡村有影响”是复数意义，用名词复数，have implications for sth. 对某事有影响，所以填implications。
12．_____________(compare) with many other candidates for the position, I have a great advantage which is I have
studied in Switzerland.
【答案】Comparing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他许多候选人相比，我有一个很大的优势，那就是我曾经在瑞士学
习过。分析句子结构可知此处compare应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故应用现在分
词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Comparing。
13．_____________(force) to do what a person doesn't like to is an unpleasant thing.
【答案】Being forced
【详解】考查动名词。句意：被迫去做自己不喜欢的事情是令人不快的。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词
作为句子主语，根据句意可知，此处意为“被迫”，故应用动名词的被动式 being done，故填 Being
forced。
14．He felt acutely ____________(embarrass) at being the centre of attention.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】embarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他因成为众人注目的焦点而感到十分尴尬。分析句子成分可知，设空处用形
容词作表语，主语为He，指人，“embarrassed(adj. 感到尴尬的)”符合语境，故填embarrassed。
15．We shall put the machine to further____________(try).
【答案】trial
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将进一步试验这台机器。动词后用名词形式作宾语。根据句意，故填
trial。
16．I ____________(mere) suggested you should do it again. There's no need to get annoyed.
【答案】merely
【详解】考查副词。句意：我只是建议你再做一遍。没必要生气。修饰后文动词 suggest，应用副词
merely，作状语。故填merely。
III. 翻译句子
1．我们从另一方面来讨论这个话题吧。（汉译英）
【答案】Let’s discuss the topic from another aspect.
2．气候和天气影响我们生活的每个方面。（汉译英）
【答案】Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives.
3．如果社区遭灾，及时提供救援常常是最关键的一环。(It) (汉译英)
【答案】It is often crucial/critical/essential that assistance (should) be provided right away if a disaster strikes/hits
a community. / It is often crucial/critical/essential to provide assistance right away if a disaster strikes/hits a
community.
4．了解这些重要的信息对市民来说是必须的，这可以帮助遭受地震袭击地区的人从自然灾害中幸存。
（survive）（汉译英）
【答案】It is essential for citizens to know this important information, which can help people in earthquake-hit areas
survive natural disasters.
5．尽管疑点重重，但他缜密分析，不放过任何蛛丝马迹，终于令这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白
于天下。(which) (汉译英）
【答案】Although / Though / While there were many doubts / Despite / In spite of many doubts, he carefully
analyzed / made careful analyses, and did not let go of / miss any clues, which made the truth of the theft arousing /
causing / that has aroused / caused widespread social concern / widespread concern in society known to all / all the
people / the whole nation.
V. 课文语法填空
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Given the fact that chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers can fight crop disease and increase production,
they 1 (be) in widespread use since the 1950s.However, with time going by, they have been proved 2
(harm) to the environment and human health if 3 (use) for a long time. To tackle the problems, farmers have
switched to organic farming 4 an alternative. And organic food has become 5 favorite for many
customers. Organic farmers rely on it that natural means could keep their soil fertile and free of disease. Different
organic methods have come up, 6 goal is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or
to the human health. 7 , organic farming cannot replace chemical farming with a huge number of people 8
(feed) worldwide. There is still a long way to go 9 scientists find a suitable 10 (solve) that can
satisfy the high demand for food while protecting the environment.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案及解析】
1.have been 考查动词时态。此处指从20世纪50年代以来，它们就已经被广泛应用。由 since the 1950s可
知此处应用现在完成时，主语为they，故填 have been。
2．harmful 考查形容词。此处指随着时间的流逝，它们已被证实对环境和人体健康是有害的。prove作系动
词，后可直接跟形容词，故填 harmful。
3.used 考查省略。此处指如果长时间使用它们，对环境和人体健康是有害的。if从句的完整形式为 if they
are used...，主从句主语一致，从句谓语中有be动词，省略从句的主语和be动词，填used。
4．as 考查介词。句意：为解决这些问题，农民们已经转向有机农业作为替代。根据句意，此处用 as表
“作为”。
5．a 考查冠词。句意：并且有机食品已成为一种许多顾客特别喜爱的事物。favorite在这里作名词，表
“特别喜爱的事物”，此处第一次提到，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。
6．whose 考查定语从句。句意：不同的有机方法已经被提出，它们的目标是在避免对环境和人体健康造成
损害的同时种植好的食物。此处需用关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词methods，whose 表明所属关系，在从
句中作定语。
7.However 考查副词。此处指然而，有机农业不能代替化学农业。上文说到有机农业的好处，下文说有机
农业不能代替化学农业，意思发生转折，故填However。
8．to feed 考查 with 复合结构。此处指全世界有许多人要养活，有机农业不能代替化学农业。with复合结
构中，表尚未发生的动作用to do。
9．before 考查连词。此处指科学家在找到合适的解决方式之前还有很长一段路要走。根据句意可知此处应
填连词before。
10.solution 考查名词。此处指科学家在找到合适的解决方式之前还有很长一段路要走。find后接名词作宾
语，故填 solve的名词形式 solution。
培优第二阶——拓展培优练
完形填空
学科网（北京）股份有限公司One day my daughter brought home four tiny trees from grade school. They had been given to her by the
school to ____27____, but none of them looked very ____28____. I planted them in our backyard. Over the years
____29____ soil brought an end to three of them. Only a single evergreen was left.
It grew very slowly. It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side. Eventually it looked more like a fat
____30____ than a tree. I noticed that it was starting to ____31____. The lower branches were becoming ____32____.
The needles on the upper branches had turned brown. Only the top third of the tree was still green. Last summer I did
my best to ____33____ it by feeding it lots of fertilizer (肥料), but my efforts were in ____34____.
This morning I went out and looked at it again. I was wondering whether it would be better to just cut it down.
That would make cleaning the yard ____35____ and I would no longer have to watch it _____36_____ gradually
by natural processes. However, I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches. I smiled when I
looked at it and realized that maybe this old tree had some life and _____37_____ left in it yet. It was giving a bird a
_____38_____ and providing oxygen to the world.
This tree _____39_____ me of something, too. All of our lives have a (an) _____40_____. Until our last
_____41_____ here we can help to make this world a better place.
27．A．study B．climb C．plant D．select
28．A．rare B．young C．attractive D．strong
29．A．soft B．poor C．wet D．fresh
30．A．bush B．root C．branch D．trunk
31．A．boom B．bend C．grow D．die
32．A．long B．straight C．bare D．shaky
33．A．save B．protect C．beautify D．sharpen
34．A．relief B．vain C．trouble D．effect
35．A．more tiring B．busier C．more interesting D．easier
36．A．destroyed B．absorbed C．covered D．explored
37．A．lack B．ambition C．heat D．usefulness
38．A．cage B．home C．stage D．room
39．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．rid
40．A．matter B．result C．purpose D．end
41．A．hope B．moment C．chance D．belief
【答案及详解】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家院子里的一棵树在濒死之际仍然为鸟提供筑巢的地方，
为世界提供氧气，我们人类也应如此，直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校把树交给她种植，但没有一棵看起来很强壮。A. study学习；B. climb
爬；C. plant种植；D. select选择。根据下文“I planted them in our backyard.”中的“planted”可知，学校把树
交给女儿种植，所以我把它们种在后院了。故选C项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学校把树交给她种植，但没有一棵看起来很强壮。A. rare稀有的；B.
young年轻的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. strong强壮的。根据句中“but”和下文“Only a single evergreen
学科网（北京）股份有限公司was left.”可知，只有一棵常青树活了下来，由此可知，这四棵树中没有一棵看起来很强壮。故选D项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，贫瘠的土壤终结了其中三棵树。只剩下一棵常青树了。A. soft
柔软的；B. poor贫乏的，贫瘠的；C. wet潮湿的；D. fresh新鲜的。根据句中“brought an end to three of
them”可知，四棵树中有三棵死掉了，由此可知，土壤是贫瘠的，不利于树的生存。故选B项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，它看起来更像一棵宽大的灌木，而不是一棵树。A. bush灌木；B.
root根；C. branch树枝；D. trunk树干。根据上文“It never got very tall and it tilted (倾斜) to one side.”可知，
这棵树长得不高并且向一边倾斜，由此可知，它更像一棵宽大的灌木。故选A项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到它开始走向死亡了。A. boom使兴旺；B. bend弯曲；C. grow生长；
D. die死亡。根据下文“The needles on the upper branches had turned brown.”可知，上面树枝上的针叶已经
变成棕色，由此可知，这棵树开始走向死亡了。故选D项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下面的树枝变得光秃秃的。A. long长的；B. straight直的；C. bare光秃秃
的；D. shaky摇摇欲坠的。根据下文“The needles on the upper branches had turned brown.”可知，上面树枝
上的针叶已经变成棕色，树的生长状况并不好，由此可知，下面的树枝已经变得光秃秃的，没有叶子了。
故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，我给它施了很多肥料，尽我最大的努力来拯救它，但我的努力
是徒劳的。A. save拯救；B. protect保护；C. beautify美化；D. sharpen锐化。根据句中“by feeding it lots of
fertilizer”可知，我给这棵树施了很多肥料，是想尽最大的努力来拯救它。故选A项。
34．考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，我给它施了很多肥料，尽我最大的努力来拯救它，但我
的努力是徒劳的。A. relief宽慰；B. vain徒劳的；C. trouble麻烦；D. effect影响。根据句中“but”可知，上
下文为转折关系，虽然我尽最大的努力来拯救它，但我的努力没有用，是徒劳的，“in vain”意为“徒劳，
白费力气”。故选B项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将使清理院子变得更容易，我再也不用看着它被自然过程逐渐毁灭。
A. more tiring更累人的；B. busier更忙碌的；C. more interesting更有趣的；D. easier更容易的。根据上文
“cut it down”可知，把树砍掉后，清理院子会变得更容易。故选D项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将使清理院子变得更容易，我再也不用看着它被自然过程逐渐毁灭。A.
destroyed毁灭；B. absorbed吸收；C. covered覆盖；D. explored探索。根据上文“Only the top third of the tree
was still green.”可知，树上只有少许的绿色，即将死亡，由此可知，我不想看到树被自然过程逐渐毁灭。故
选A项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看着它时，我笑了，意识到这棵老树可能还剩下一些生命和可用性。
A. lack缺乏；B. ambition雄心；C. heat热度；D. usefulness可用性。根据上文“I noticed a bird was patiently
building a nest in the topmost branches”可知，我注意到一只鸟正在最顶端的树枝上耐心地筑巢，由此可知，
我意识到这棵树还有一些可用性。故选D项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了一只鸟一个家，为世界提供了氧气。A. cage笼子；B. home家；C.
stage舞台；D. room房间。根据上文“I noticed a bird was patiently building a nest in the topmost branches”可
知，一只鸟正在最顶端的树枝上筑巢，鸟巢是鸟的家，由此可知，这棵树给了这只鸟一个家。故选B项。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这棵树也提醒了我一些事情。我们的一生都有一个目标。直到我们活着的
最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。A. reminded提醒；B. informed通知；C. warned警告；D.
rid摆脱。根据下文“All of our lives have a (an)_____. Until our last _____ here we can help to make this world a
better place.”可知，下文是作者通过树的故事得到的感悟，由此可知，句中指这棵树也提醒了我一些事情，
“remind sb. of sth.”意为“提醒某人某事”。故选A项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这棵树也提醒了我一些事情。我们的一生都有一个目标。直到我们活着的
最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。A. matter事情；B. result结果；C. purpose目标；D. end结
局。根据下文“Until our last _____ here we can help to make this world a better place.”可知，“帮助这个世界
变得更美好”应该是我们的人生目标。故选C项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这棵树也提醒了我一些事情。我们的一生都有一个目标。直到我们活着的
最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。A. hope希望；B. moment时刻；C. chance机会；D.
belief信仰。根据句中“last”和上文内容可知，树在濒死的最后时刻能为鸟提供筑巢的地方，我们人类也是，
直到我们活着的最后一刻，我们都可以帮助这个世界变得更美好。故选B项。
阅读理解
（2022·山西长治·高二期末）It turns out that sunflowers are more than just a pretty face: the ultraviolet (紫
外线的) colours of their flowers not only attract pollinators (传粉者), but also help the plant regulate water loss,
according to new research.
The yellow sunflower is a familiar sight, but it’s hiding something from the human eye—an ultraviolet
bullseye (靶心) pattern, invisible to humans but not to most insects including bees. These bullseye patterns have long
been known to improve the attractiveness of flowers to pollinators by increasing their visibility.
“Unexpectedly, we noticed that sunflowers growing in drier climates have flowers with larger ultraviolet
bullseyes, and found that those flowers are able to keep water more efficiently. This suggests that these larger
ultraviolet bullseyes help plants adapt to these drier environments,” says Dr. Marco Todesco.
Dr. Todesco and his colleagues grew almost 2,000 wild sunflowers of two species at the university in 2016 and
2019. They measured the sunflowers’ ultraviolet patterns, and analyzed the plants’ genes, and found that wild
sunflowers from different parts of North America had ultraviolet bullseyes of very different sizes.
Larger floral ultraviolet patterns that have more of these compounds could help reduce the amount of water loss
from a sunflower in environments with lower humidity (湿度), preventing too much water loss. In humid, hot
environments, smaller ultraviolet patterns would promote the water loss, keeping the plant cool and avoiding
overheating.
Sunflowers are planted for various purposes, including sunflower oil production, a roughly $20 billion industry in
2020. This research could help add to knowledge about how to attract pollinators, potentially increasing crop
yields, says Dr. Todesco. “This work also helps us understand how sunflowers, and potentially other plants, better
adapt to different areas or temperatures, which could be important in a warming climate.”
1．What do we know about sunflowers?
A．They don’t need pollinators.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司B．Their flowers have special functions.
C．Their flowers can drive the insects away.
D．They can be grown in extremely cold areas.
2．What did Dr. Todesco and his colleagues do?
A．They analyzed 2000 kinds of sunflowers.
B．They planted sunflowers to carry out research.
C．They travelled to different parts of South America.
D．They helped people in North America plant sunflowers.
3．What is Dr. Todesco’s attitude to the research on sunflowers?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Critical.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Hidden Function of Flowers of Sunflowers
B．Researchers Found a New Species of Sunflower
C．Sunflowers Can Change the Colours of Sunshine
D．Ultraviolet Bullseye Patterns Attract More Insects
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究者通过种植和研究野生向日葵花，发现了其花朵的紫外线颜色
不仅可以吸引传粉者，还可以帮助向日葵本身调节水分缺失。
1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“the ultraviolet (紫外线的) colours of their flowers not only attract pollinators
(传粉者), but also help the plant regulate water loss.”（向日葵花朵的紫外线颜色不仅可以吸引传粉者，还可以
帮助植物本身调节水分缺失。）可知，向日葵花有着特殊的功能。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Dr. Todesco and his colleagues grew almost 2,000 wild sunflowers of two species
at the university in 2016 and 2019. They measured the sunflowers’ ultraviolet patterns, and analyzed the plants’
genes.”(Dr. Todesco和他的同事们在2016年和2019年在大学里种植了两个品种的差不多2000株野生向日葵
他们测量了这些向日葵的紫外线模式，然后分析了这些植物的基因。)可知，Dr. Todesco和他的同事们种植
这些向日葵是为了进行研究。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“This research could help add to knowledge about how to attract pollinators,
potentially increasing crop yields, says Dr. Todesco.”（这项研究可以帮助增加关于如何吸引传粉者方面的知识，
从而可能增加农作物的产量，Dr. Todesco说。）可知，Dr. Todesco对关于向日葵的这项研究持有肯定态度。
故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了一项研究的发现，即向日葵花朵不为人知的一个特殊功能，即其紫外
线颜色可以帮助向日葵本身调节水分缺失。后面几段话都是在围绕该研究过程、研究发现及研究意义来展
开说明的。因此文章还是以这一研究结果——向日葵花朵可以帮助向日葵本身调节水分缺失为主要内容进
行展开介绍的。故选A项。
语法填空
学科网（北京）股份有限公司阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study reveals that plants have their own “ bedtime alarm clock ” that helps them survive the night.
Researchers at the University of York have discovered that plants possess an internal signal which they believe tells
them ____42____ amount of sugar they have in their systems at dusk. Plants use sunlight to make ____43____ ( they )
own sugars from photosynthesis (光合作用）during the day and store them to provide energy during the night.
Plants’ ability to predict sunrise and estimate the ____44____ ( long ) of the night, as well as adjust
metabolism (新陈代谢), ____45____ ( depend ) on a biological time-keeper called a circadian clock. This is a
network of genes which drives rhythms of ____46____ ( rough ) 24 hours. Biologists think it is this signal, or so-
called “ alarm ” , ____47____ gives plants the information they need to adjust their metabolism in the dark nighttime
hours to stay alive.
The researchers discovered a set of genes ____48____ ( regulate ) by the chemical compound superoxide,
which ____49____ ( associate ) with metabolic activity. And they found by stopping the production of superoxide,
they also stopped the effect of sugar ____50____ these circadian clock genes in the evening, _____51_____ ( reveal )
the plants’ so-called “ alarm ” .
【答案及解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲解了新的研究表明，植物也有自己的“睡前闹钟”，帮助
它们度过夜晚。
42．考查冠词。句意：约克大学的研究人员发现，植物拥有一种内部信号，他们相信这种信号会告诉它们
黄昏时它们体内的糖分含量。the amount of …意为“……的数量”，符合句意。故填the。
43．考查代词。句意：植物在白天利用阳光通过光合作用制造自己的糖，并在夜间储存它们以提供能量。
one’s own意为“某人自己的”，根据提示they，此处应填their。
44．考查名词。句意：植物预测日出和估计黑夜长度以及调整新陈代谢的能力取决于称为生物钟的生物计
时器。分析句子可知，定冠词the和空后的of可知，此处应加名词，再根据提示，故填length。
45．考查动词。句意：植物预测日出和估计黑夜长度以及调整新陈代谢的能力取决于称为生物钟的生物计
时器。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词。本句的主语为单数可数名词“Plants’ ability”且表示陈述一般事
实，应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。根据提示，故填depends。
46．考查副词。句意：这是一个驱动大约 24 小时节律的基因网络。分析句子可知，此处应用所给词的副
词形式修饰24 hours，表示“大约”。故填roughly。
47．考查强调句。句意：生物学家认为，正是这个信号，或所谓的“警报”，为植物提供了在黑暗的夜间
调整新陈代谢以维持生命所需的信息。去掉“it is和横线处”，句子依旧完整，所以是it is…that …的强调
句。故填that。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现了一组受化合物超氧化物调控的基因，这与代谢活动有关。分
析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，且逻辑主语genes与动词regulate是“动宾关系”，应用过去分
词形式的非谓语动词。故填regulated。
49．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员发现了一组受化合物超氧化物调控的基因，这与代谢
活动有关。分析句子可知，which引导的非限制性定语从句缺少谓语，此处应动词。从句是在陈述事实且
主语which与associate是“动宾关系”，应用一般现在时的被动语态。且which代指a set of genes，动词应
学科网（北京）股份有限公司用第三人称单数。故填is associated。
50．考查介词。句意：他们发现，通过停止超氧化物的产生，他们也在晚上停止了糖对这些生物钟基因的
影响，揭示了植物所谓的“警报”。分析句子可知，宾语these circadian clock genes 之前可填入介词，effect
常与 on搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故填on。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：而他们发现，通过停止超氧化物的产生，他们也在晚上停止了糖对这些生物
钟基因的影响，揭示了植物所谓的“警报”。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词作状语，根据句意，此
处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填revealing。
培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解A
（2022·广东·深圳市光明区高级中学模拟预测）Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple (主食),
could be a new superfood and a lifesaver in the face of climate change. The banana-like crop has the potential to feed
more than 100 million people in a warming world, according to a new study.
Enset or “false banana”, almost unknown outside of Ethiopia, is a close relative of the banana but is consumed
only in one part of this country. The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and roots can be
fermented and used to make porridge and bread. Research suggests the crop can be grown over a much larger range
in Africa. “This is a crop that can play a really important role in addressing food security and sustainable development,”
said a university professor in Awasa, Ethiopia.
Using agricultural surveys and modelling work, scientists predicted the potential range of enset over the next
four decades. They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost food security in
Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.
Study researcher Dr James Borrell, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, said planting enset as a buffer crop for
lean times could help boost food security. “It’s got some really unusual traits that make it absolutely unique as a
crop,” he said. “You plant it at any time, you harvest it at any time. That’s why they call it the tree against hunger.”
There is growing interest in seeking new plants to feed the world, given our reliance on a few staple crops.
Nearly half of all the calories we eat come from three species - rice, wheat, and maize. “We need to diversify the
plants we use globally as a species because all our eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,” said Dr Borrell.
5．What does the underlined word “inedible” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Not fit to be planted. B．Not suitable to be eaten.
C．Not delicious enough. D．Not nutritious enough.
6．What do we know about Ethiopia’s enset from the text?
A．It is an especially adaptable species of banana.
B．It can feed more than 1 billion people in the world.
C．It can play a significant role in solving food shortage in Africa.
D．It can be grown at anytime and everywhere in Africa.
7．What is Dr Borrell’s attitude towards the need of seeking new staple plants?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．Approving. B．Indifferent.
C．Neutral. D．Unfavorable.
8．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To advertise a unique banana-like staple.
B．To provide a solution to food problems.
C．To recommend a magic tree against hunger.
D．To introduce a wonder crop for climate change.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The banana-like fruit of the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and roots can be
fermented and used to make porridge and bread.(这种植物像香蕉一样的果实inedible，但富含淀粉的茎和根可
以发酵并用来制作粥和面包。)”可知，这种植物的茎和根部可被食用，连接词“but”表示转折关系，推测
划线单词表示“不可食用的”，即not suitable to be eaten。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“They found the crop could potentially feed more than 100 million people and boost
food security in Ethiopia and other African countries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.(他们发现，这种作
物有可能养活一亿多人，并提高埃塞俄比亚和其他包括肯尼亚、乌干达和卢旺达在内的非洲国家的粮食保
障。)”可知，enset可以提高非洲国家的粮食保障，在解决非洲粮食短缺方面发挥重要作用。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We need to diversify the plants we use globally as a species because all our
eggs are in a very small basket at the moment,” said Dr Borrell.(博雷尔博士说：“我们需要使我们作为一个物
种在全球范围内使用的植物多样化，因为目前我们所有的鸡蛋都在一个非常小的篮子里。”。)”可知，博
雷尔博士认为需要将我们使用的植物多样化，对于寻找新的主食植物持有支持态度。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethiopian staple, could be a new superfood and a
lifesaver in the face of climate change.(科学家说，埃塞俄比亚的主食植物enset可能成为一种新的超级食物，
成为应对气候变化的救星。)”以及文章内容可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神
奇作物——enset。故选D项。
阅读理解B
（2022·山东·威海市教育教学研究中心二模）Being highly connected to a strong social network has its
benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is
the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest
soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal
networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing,” said researcher Joseph
Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water,
nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource -
limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of
学科网（北京）股份有限公司fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few
connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater
growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that
helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions
become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because
it's likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks
are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it
could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.”
9．In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?
A．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks. B．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
C．They clarify misunderstanding of fungal networks.D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
10．How do fungal networks help trees?
A．By fighting against diseases. B．By bettering forest soil conditions.
C．By acting as the center of family units. D．By maintaining the balance of resources.
11．What does the underlined “They” refer to in Paragraph 3?
A．Tree rings. B．Fungal networks. C．Douglas firs. D．Cores from Douglas firs.
12．Which field will most benefit from the study according to the text?
A．Geography. B．Agriculture. C．Reforestation. D．Microbiology.
【答案】9．D 10．D 11．C 12．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了阿尔伯塔大学的一项新研究发现，强大的社会网络对树木也是有好
处的，森林土壤中的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利的条件。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their
participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these
findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally
beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成年树木的生长与它们参与的生活在森林土
壤中的真菌网络有关。尽管过去的研究主要集中在幼树上，但这些发现为了解真菌网络对更老的树木的重
要性提供了新的见解，因为老树对碳捕获等功能更具环境效益。)”可知，新的研究关注成年树木，而之前
的发现关注的是幼树，所以新发现与之前的发现的不同之处在于，新发现揭示了真菌网络对成年树木的价
值。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing
water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to
resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，
真菌网络就像一条高速公路，让水、养分和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还帮助养分流向资源有限
的树木，就像家庭单位一样在压力下相互支持。)”可知，真菌网络通过保持资源平衡的方式来帮助树木。
故选D项。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司11．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related
to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had
only a few connections.(从350株道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心表明，年轮生长与树木与其他树木的真菌联系
程度有关。它们的生长程度远远高于那些只有少数联系的树木。)”可知，本段以道格拉斯花旗松为例，说
明年轮生长和树木之间的真菌联系程度有关，they指代上句中出现的“道格拉斯花旗松”。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in
other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to
plant trees to preserve these networks.”(他说：“了解真菌网络在其他树种中是否以同样的方式运作，可以影
响我们在采伐后如何重新造林，也可以告诉我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。”)”可知，研究可以影响
采伐后如何重新造林，所以重新造林这一领域从研究中受益最大。故选C项。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司
