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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Period 1 Reading and Thinking
培优层级一 基础多维巩固
维度一 语境填词
1．It's an organization that offers free legal(法律的) advice to people in need.
2．As is known to all, China has made great achievements(成就) during the past decades.
3．When we entered junior high school, we had the militar y (军事的) training.
4．The town walls were built as a defence (防御) against enemy.
5．We requested that the math teacher explain the puzzle(难题) again, and he gladly accepted.
6．Within group work, we are guided to voice our individual (个人的) opinions.
7．Lang Ping is the chie f (最高级别的) coach of the Chinese women's national volleyball team.
8．When I entered junior high school, we had the military (军事的) training.
9．Luckily, he found supporting evidence (证据) from two other deaths linked to the cholera outbreak.
10．Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battl e (战役) to rid the world of hunger.
维度二 单句语法填空
1．His footprints were clearly evident (evidence) in the heavy dust.
2．They climbed upward along the steep cliffs surrounding (surround) the village.
3．A must is a visit to the fascinating (fascinate) Motor Museum.
4．His letter poses a number of puzzling (puzzle) questions.
5．I have to find a convenient location (locate) for the shelves.
6．Let's keep to the subject, or you will get me confused (confuse).
7．Thousands of people gave their lives in defence (defend) of our country.
8．Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of achievement(achieve).
9．If you continue to do illegal(legal) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later.
10．There are still millions of people suffering(suffer) from hunger nowadays.
维度三 写作小练笔
1．保持环境清洁和无污染是使生活健康的关键步骤。（keep）
Keeping the environment clean and free of pollution is the key step to make life healthy.
2．她吃惊地退后一步，举起双手，好像在自卫。(defence)
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.
3．这位科学家称这一发现是该领域最令人激动的新进展。(refer)
The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
4．著名科学家袁隆平被授予共和国勋章。(know)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Yuan Longping, known as a famous scientist，was awarded the Medal of the Republic.
5.剪纸有1500多年的历史，属于中国传统艺术。(belong)
Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional Chinese art.
维度四 短文填空
Many people are confused about the 1.meaning (mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain,
Britain and England. 2. To solve (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3. was joined (join) to the Kingdom of England,
followed by the country Scotland in 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added
to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4.Finally (final), in the 20th century, the
southern part of Ireland broke away 5.from the UK, resulting in the full name we have today：“the
United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， 6.which means the UK is also often
referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries 7.belonging (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas,
such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8.defence (defend), they also have
some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9.a long and interesting history to explore, which can
help you understand much more about the country and 10.its (it) traditions.
培优层级二 多维训练提能
一、阅读理解
A
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
It's been over 150 years since building work was completed on the Houses of Parliament in Westminster,
London. When it was completed, Tsar Nicholas Ⅰ， the ruler of Russia, called it “a dream in stone”．
Important buildings have been built on this site for more than 1，000 years. In the early 8th century, a church
was built that became known as the West Minster. In the 11th century it was the location of a royal residence (王室
宅邸). This was the first Palace of Westminster. The first official Parliament met there in 1295. Work on the palace
continued until 1834, when the building was destroyed by fire.
In 1835, the architect Charles Barry was picked to design the Parliament building in a style known as “Gothic
Revival”. Another architect, Augustus Pugin, helped with the inner part. The work overran and the costs rose to
three times more than planned. According to one historian it cost ￡2.3 million which in today's money is more
than ￡4 billion. It finally reopened in 1870.
The Houses of Parliament are once again considered to be a serious fire risk. Small fires broke out 40 times
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂between 2008 and 2012 and a fire safety team has to be on site. A report in 2016 said that maintaining (维修) the
building was like “trying to fill a bathtub with a thimble (顶针) while the water is flowing out of the plughole (排水
孔) at the other end”. In 2018, Parliament held discussions over its restoration and decided that its members would
have to move out of the building during its refurbishment(翻新).
The plan is for everyone to move out by 2025 when the restoration will begin. It is said that it will cost around
￡4 billion and be completed by the early 2030s. The plans include taking away all fire risks, restoring the
stonework and repairing around 4，000 windows.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的议会大厦。
1．What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A．The West Minster was a popular place for tourists.
B．The site of the Parliament building is historic.
C．Building the Parliament building took a long time.
D．People had different reasons to build a palace in Westminster.
B 解析：段落大意题。第二段首句为本段的中心句，指出了议会大厦所处的位置历史悠久，进而在本段
剩余部分分别列举了不同时期的重要建筑。由此可知，本段主要是为了说明议会大厦所处的位置历史悠久。
2．What can we learn about the Parliament building?
A．It cost less than expected.
B．It was completed on time.
C．It was being rebuilt for more than 30 years.
D．It was designed by Augustus Pugin alone.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In 1835, the architect Charles Barry was picked to design the
Parliament building in a style known as ‘Gothic Revival’．”以及“It finally reopened in 1870.”可知，议会大厦
的重建持续了30多年。
3．What is the biggest problem the Houses of Parliament face now?
A．A great fire risk.
B．No safety team.
C．A shortage of money.
D．No restoration workers.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Houses of Parliament are once again considered to be a serious
fire risk. Small fires broke out 40 times between 2008 and 2012 and a fire safety team has to be on site.”以及最后
一段中的“The plans include taking away all fire risks, restoring the stonework and repairing around 4，000
windows.”可知，议会大厦发生火灾的隐患很大。
4．How is this text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving descriptions.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C．By following time order.
D．By making comparisons.
C 解析：篇章结构题。本文按照时间顺序从议会大厦建成、毁灭、重建以及修复等方面向读者介绍了英
国的议会大厦。
B
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
What can you make with only some dirt and some water? A sandcastle? Yes. How about a sixfloor building?
Surprisingly, the answer is also “yes”！ Shibam, Yemen, is home to the world's tallest mudbrick (泥砖) buildings.
Shibam, a town of about 7，000 people, is located(位于) in central Yemen. Its history started over two
thousand years ago when traders came to the area. They wanted to buy incense (宗教礼仪用的香) to sell in
faraway countries. This was valuable business, so by 1200 CE the town was growing. Because of Shibam's location
between a riverbed and a row of mountains, the builders didn't have much space. Instead of the town growing out,
it grew up toward the sky.
Towering buildings up to 40 meters high filled the town. The walls of these buildings were completely made
of mud bricks. The floors, windows, and doors, however, were made of wood. Most of the buildings had between
five and eight floors. This made them the tallest mudbrick buildings ever known.
What happened when it rained? Luckily for the mudbrick buildings, it didn't rain very often in Shibam. But
when it did, the buildings were protected. The builders painted on thick paint. This helped keep the buildings dry in
wet weather.
The mudbrick buildings keep cool in the summer heat and the families have lots of space. They use the lower
floors for storage, and the middle floors for everyday living. The upper floors are for wives and children.
It is no surprise that Shibam is one of Yemen's top tourist spots (地点), but it has a problem now. Every year,
there are fewer people who can fix these more than 800yearold buildings. However, the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) is working with locals to protect the buildings, not
only for tourists, but also for the thousands of people who still call them home.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。位于也门的希巴姆古城坐落着很多用泥砖盖的摩天大楼。
5．What was the main reason for Shibam's growth?
A．Many tourists came there to visit.
B．It became part of a rich country.
C．Many traders came there to do business.
D．A lot of highrise buildings were built there.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They wanted to buy incense to sell in faraway countries. This was
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂valuable business, so by 1200 CE the town was growing.”可知，希巴姆这个城市会繁荣起来是因为很多商人到
这里做生意。
6．What can we learn about the mudbrick buildings?
A．Most reach a height of over 40 meters.
B．Most can keep dry on rainy days.
C．Most are built in the mountains.
D．Most have brick floors.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The builders painted on thick paint. This helped keep the buildings
dry in wet weather.”可知，希巴姆市用泥砖盖的楼房下雨天也能保持干燥。
7．Which word can best describe life in the mudbrick buildings?
A．Boring. B．Interesting.
C．Dangerous. D．Comfortable.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“keep cool in the summer heat and the families have lots of
space”可知，泥砖房夏季凉爽、居住空间又大，由此推测，住在泥砖房里会很舒服。
8．What is the present situation of the old mudbrick buildings?
A．They are not used as living houses.
B．They are of little historical value.
C．They are in danger of disappearing.
D．They are destroyed by tourists.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“fewer people who can fix”和“(UNESCO) is working with locals
to protect the buildings”可知，每年能修缮这些建筑的人越来越少，并且联合国教科文组织也与当地人合作
来保护这些建筑，由此推测，这些古老的建筑正面临消失的危险。
C
主题语境：人与社会 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8 min
The Union Jack is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is so called because it combines the emblems
(象征) of three countries — England, Scotland and Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been
part of the United Kingdom)．
The term “Union Jack” possibly dates from Queen Anne's time, but its origin is uncertain. It may come from
the “Jacket” of the English or Scottish soldiers; or from the name of James Ⅰ who originated the first union in 1603,
in either its Latin or French form “Jacobus” or “Jacques”； or, as “jack” once meant small, the name may come
from a royal proclamation (声明) issued by Charles Ⅱ that the flag should be flown only by ships of the Royal
Navy as a jack, a small flag at the bowsprit (船首)．
The Union Jack was originally a royal flag (when the present design was made official in 1801, it was ordered
to be flown on all the King's forts and castles, but not elsewhere); it is today flown above Buckingham Palace and
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Windsor Castle when the Queen is not in residence. On news of a royal death, the Union Jack will be flown at half-
mast (下半旗)．
The flying of the Union Jack on public buildings is decided by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport at
the Queen's command. The Union Jack is flown on government buildings on days marking the birthdays of
members of the royal family, such as the Queen's official birthday, and on the days of the State Opening and
prorogation (休会) of Parliament; it is also flown on St David's Day, St George's Day, St Andrew's Day, and St
Patrick's Day.
Although the Union Jack originated as a royal flag, it is now also flown by many people and organizations
elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Its use as an emblem has extended beyond the form of a flag and the Union Jack
is frequently shown on other objects.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了英国国旗The Union Jack的起源和使用场合。
9．The reason why the national flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Jack is that ．
A．the flag is made of jacket
B．the flag combines the emblems of three countries
C．the flag shows the symbol of unity
D．the flag originated from the existence of the United Kingdom
解析：选B 细节理解题。第一段说到the Union Jack是三个国家象征的徽记集合。
10．The second paragraph mainly talks about ．
A．the origin of the national flag
B．the history of the national flag
C．the reason why the Union Jack has become the national flag
D．the way how the Union Jack has become the national flag
解析：选A 段落大意题。第二段的第一句为本段主题句，即讲述the Union Jack的起源。
11．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Once the Union Jack was not flown elsewhere except royal places.
B．The Union Jack will be flown at halfmast if a member of the royal family dies.
C．Many people and organizations can flow the Union Jack in the world.
D．The Union Jack can be flown in many places and on many days in the United Kingdom.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第三、四、五段可知the Union Jack在以前只适用于皇家场合，后
来逐渐延伸到很多地方和很多场合。但它是英国国旗，不是所有人都可以使用。
12．What is the best title of the passage?
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂A．The Union Jack Everywhere
B．The Union Jack at Anytime
C．National Flag, the Union Jack
D．The History of the Union Jack
解析：选C 标题归纳题。A、B、D三项文章均有说到，但属于以偏概全，C项概括了文章的内容，
故选C。
二、阅读七选五
Ancient Rome was one of the world's most powerful empires more than 2，000 years ago. The Romans' ideas
about roads, laws, government and buildings still influence us today. Italy is shaped like a boot.
The Colosseum (圆形大剧场) in Rome was built during the time of the Roman Empire, in the first century
AD. 1 It is a popular tourist attraction today.
Italy is wellknown for its designers, who create cars, handbags, clothes, shoes and other items that are in
demand for their style and fine workmanship.
Today, the economy of Italy is stronger than in the past. 2 Today, manufacturing and tourism are the
main sources of income. There are some big companies, but Italy has many smaller companies, too.
3 The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as prosperous.
Italy is a member of the European Union, a group of countries that join together for better trade. The currency,
or money, they use is called the “euro”．
Food and eating good meals are important to Italians. 4
Popular food includes pasta, risotto, minestrone and pizza. McDonald's is also popular there. Many families
still eat their main meal in the middle of the day. 5 Families spend a lot of time together.
A．The family is very important to the Italian way of life.
B．The country used to depend on agriculture.
C．Mountains cover about threefourths of the country.
D．It could seat about 50，000 people, who went to see fights between animals and people.
E．While there are some supermarkets, many people shop at small, neighbourhood markets.
F．Italy has several islands off the coast.
G．The northern part of the country is the main manufacturing center.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就意大利的景点、经济、餐饮文化及家庭等进行了简要介绍。
1．选D 由本段的“The Colosseum (圆形大剧场) in Rome”以及“was built”可知，本段介绍一个建筑
物。选项D中的it指代了The Colosseum，而could seat表示“可以容纳……”，符合该处的语境。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂2．选B 空格前的内容提到现在意大利的经济要比以往强，空格后又提到现在意大利的主要经济来源，
由此可推知空格处应讲以往意大利的经济来源。
3．选 G 由空格后“The southern part does not offer as many manufacturing jobs, so it is not as
prosperous.”中的“as many manufacturing jobs”和“as prosperous”都可以看出，此处是在进行比较。选项G
提到了意大利北部的生产中心，与后文提到的南部正好形成对比。
4．选E 空格前提到食物和吃可口的饭对意大利人来说很重要，结合选项，符合语境的只有E项。本
题可使用排除法解答。
5．选A 空格前提到意大利的许多家庭仍然在中午吃他们的主餐。而空格后提到与家人一起度过很
多时光，由此可知，意大利人非常重视家庭。
培优层级三 真题滚动训练
一、阅读理解
（全国·高考真题）Color is a daily mystery．ROY G B．IV deals with lots of big﹣picture color questions
explaining why hams are often red and why NYC taxis are yellow．Today's question：why are Jeans blue？
First，why"jeans"？Jeans twin names﹣denim and jeans﹣come from the two European ports that supplied
two similar fabrics（织物）during the Middle Ages． Gene fustian was a cotton﹣linen﹣wool blend shipped
from genoa a silk ﹣wool blend called serge denimes shortened to denimes or denim， was shipped out of
France．Both fabrics gradually changed into similar cotton only blends by the 19th century． according to an
article titled a short history of denim y historian Lynn Downey．Both were used to make men's clothing，valued
especially for [their] properly of durability（耐久性） even after many washings"．
In 1873 Levi Strauss teamed up with Jacob Davis to produce jeans，they sold like hotcakes to Gold Rush
miners seeking a durable uniform for fortune﹣seeking Jeans rapidly came to stand for the character of the
American West﹣﹣rank， energetic， rebellions，and capitalistic．
While gold rush miners probably didn’t care about how denim looked， they cared a lot about durability，
comfort and fit，at the beginning，Straus offered his waist overalls"in two varieties brown cotton"duck"or
canvas，and blue denim﹣﹣but by 1911 they'd stopped using cotton duck entirely．As historian Downey explains
"once someone had worn a pair of denim pants experiencing its strength． and how the denim became more
comfortable with every washing he never wanted to wear duck again； because with cotton duck，you always
feel like you re wearing a tent．"
So why are jeans blue？The answer has to do with dye．Unlike most natural dyes that， when heated，
penetrate cloth fibers directly indigo（靛蓝）sticks to the cloth's threads．With each washing some of these dye
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂molecules are stripped away，taking bits of the threads with them．The process softens rough fabrics and
individualizes the color．This extreme customization made every pair a second skin．
1．How does the author start talking about jeans？
A．From the quality of the fabrics．
B．From a famous historian．
C．From their hometowns．
D．From their names．
2．Which of the following helped establish the popularity of jeans in 1873？
A．Hot cakes．
B．A．durable uniform．
C．A．merican character．
D．Gold rush．
3．What can we infer about indigo？
A．It cannot be heated．
B．It can be machine washed．
C．It doesn't stay for a long time．
D．It goes into the cloths fibers directly．
4．By saying"made every pair a second skin" in the last paragraph, the author most probably
means____________．
A．the pants were made of skin．
B．the pants fitted people well．
C．the dyes were quite natural．
D．the threads became softer and softer．
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤的起源，它的功能以及牛仔裤为什么是蓝色的。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段的句子"First，why"jeans"？ Jeans twin names﹣denim and jeans﹣
come from the two European ports that supplied two similar fabrics（织物）during the Middle Ages．"首先，为
什么是”牛仔裤” ？牛仔裤的相似名字：denim and jeans，来自欧洲的两个港口，在中期供应了两种类似
的面料。可知作者谈论"牛仔"是从它的名字开始的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的"In 1873 Levi Strauss teamed up with Jacob Davis to produce jeans，they sold like
hotcakes to Gold Rush miners seeking a durable uniform for fortune﹣seeking Jeans rapidly came to stand for the
character of the American West﹣﹣rank， energetic， rebellions，and capitalistic．"1873年，李维 · 斯特劳
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂斯与雅各布 · 戴维斯联手生产牛仔裤，他们像热蛋糕一样卖给淘金热的矿工们，为了寻找财富而制作的耐
穿的牛仔裤迅速地成为了美国西部牛仔裤的代名词——等级、精力充沛、反叛和资本主义。可知，1873年
牛仔受欢迎主要是作为耐用的制服。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Unlike most natural dyes that， when heated， penetrate cloth fibers
directly， indigo（靛蓝）sticks to the cloth's threads．With each washing some of these dye molecules are
stripped away， taking bits of the threads with them．不像大多数天然染料，当加热时，热气直接穿透布料纤
维，靛蓝吸附在布料的线上。每次清洗时，一些染料分子会带着一些线头一起被剥离。 "可知，靛蓝颜色
不持久。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的"The process softens rough fabrics and individualizes the color． This extreme
customization made every pair a second skin．"在洗涤过程中，面料变得柔软，使靛蓝变得独一无二，衣服就
像第二皮肤，穿起来非常合适。可知，这样的面料使得衣服穿起来很舒服。故选B。
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2020·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___5___ ，
through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___6___ could be hunted or gathered
from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___7___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more
children. And，as more children were born，more food ___8___(need). Agriculture gave people their first
experience of the power of technology ___9___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___10___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they
learned to work with the ___11___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___12___
(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___13___ rise of science，changes began.
New methods _____14_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these
changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way
of life that started in the Stone Age.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
5．考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析
可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
6．考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多
地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。
根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
7．考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与
狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
8．考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表
示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food
为不可数名词。故填was needed。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动
词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
10．考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分
析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻
辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
11．考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪
水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的
洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语
they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
13．考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固
定短语。故填the。
14．考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时
态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。
所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
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