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绝密★启用前
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项众
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will
obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ]
uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new
research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to
satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3
In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of
Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students5 willingness to
4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one
5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed
were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an
electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified； another twenty
seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room,
the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens
and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8
Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the
sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic
drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.
Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific
advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight
that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.
Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment,
participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an
unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results
suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead
of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. u Thinking about
long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,"
Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.
英语（二）试题.1.（共15页）1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve
2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret
3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead
4. A. alert B.expose C.tie D. treat
5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept
6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt
7. A. Unless B.If C. When D. Though
8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen
9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to
10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget
11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling
12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from
13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence
14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive
15. A. trace B. define C.replace D. resist
16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict
17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend
18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty
19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether
20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategies
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共15页）Text 1
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his
efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New
Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and
mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom
that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be
utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is
necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck
with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by
assembling a bicycle.
But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands
is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational
education " have that stereotype...that it's for kids who can't make it
academically,he says.
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution.
Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that
the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.
More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and
rightfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all—and the subtle
devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That's not the only thing
the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But
even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as
construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are
adequately trained.
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on
its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is
vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in
working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to
do them. Koziatek9 s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to
fill that gap.
Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-
all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.
英语（二）试题.3.（共15页）21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students5 lack of
A. academic training
B. practical ability
C. pioneering spirit
D. mechanical memorization
22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who
A. have a stereotyped mind
B. have no career motivation
C. are financially disadvantaged
D. are not academically successful
23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.
A. used to have more job opportunities
B. used to have big financial concerns
C. are entitled to more educational privileges
D. are reluctant to work in manufacturing
24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all.
A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
C. indicates the overvaluing of higher education
D. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as
A. tolerant
B. cautious
C. supportive
D. disappointed
英语（二）试题.4.（共15页）Text 2
While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the
world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable
sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum
around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources
going on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted
businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the
plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar
panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-
third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy
source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to
power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably
China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,
for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the
power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels一especially coal—as the path to
economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an
unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,
where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity
generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the
availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't
shine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage
capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the
clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big
bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity
on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coining
years.
While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking.
The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in
time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington
does一or doesn't do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a
time of a global shift in thought.
英语（二）试题.5.（共15页）26. The word "plummeting” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to.
A. stabilizing
B. changing
C. falling
D. rising
27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America.
A. is progressing notably
B. is as extensive as in Europe
C. faces many challenges
D. has proved to be impractical
28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .
A. wind is a widely used energy source
B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C. tech giants are investing in clean energy
D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply
29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?
A. Its application has boosted battery storage.
B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.
A. will bring the US closer to other countries
B. will accelerate global environmental change
C. is not really encouraged by the US government
D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
英语（二）试题.6.（共15页）Text 3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—
Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole
Foods for $13. 5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to
acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical
product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely
detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link
phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as
the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the
knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still
could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the
makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently
plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the
460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of
power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of
change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed
and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new
abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law
as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is
not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of
their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy
advertising from themand Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants,
dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and
entertainment companies.
The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to
data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called
aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the
data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where
their aphids feed； Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel
like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.
英语（二）试题.7.（共15页）31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.
A. digital products
B. user information
C. physical assets
D. quality service
32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.
A. worsen political disputes
B. mess up customer records
C. pose a risk to Facebook users
D. mislead the European commission
33. According to the author, competition law.
A. should serve the new market powers
B. may worsen the economic imbalance
C. should not provide just one legal solution
D. cannot keep pace with the changing market
34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users
because.
A. they are not defined as customers
B. they are not financially reliable
C. the services are generally digital
D. the services are paid for by advertisers
35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.
A. a win-win business model between digital giants
B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C. the benefits provided for digital giants9 customers
D. the relationship between digital giants and their users
英语（二）试题.8.（共15页）Text 4
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,
author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World.
recommends building a habit of “deep work"—the ability to focus without
distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it
lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task； developing a daily ritual； or taking a
u journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can
throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of
focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends " deep scheduling " to combat constant
interruptions and get more done in less time. "At any given point, I should have
deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect
this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting,n he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you
prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford,
author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a
study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were
advised to set out monthly goals and study activities ； others were told to plan
activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be
most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the
detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable
distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for
improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace
downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy."
“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice； it is as
indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body... [ idleness ] is, paradoxically,
necessary to getting any work done," he argues.
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,
believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due
to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and
unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need
to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain, ” says Pillay.
英语（二）试题.9.（共15页）36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to.
A. keep to your focus time
B. list your immediate tasks
C. make specific daily plans
D. seize every minute to work
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that.
A. distractions may actually increase efficiency
B. daily schedules are indispensable to studying
C. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
D. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
38. According to Newport, idleness is.
A. a desirable mental state for busy people
B. a major contributor to physical health
C. an effective way to save time and energy
D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work
39. Pillay believes that our brains9 shift between being focused and
unfocused.
A. can result in psychological well-being
B. can bring about greater efficiency
C. is aimed at better balance in work
D. is driven by task urgency
40. This text is mainly about.
A. ways to relieve the tension of busy life
B. approaches to getting more done in less time
C. the key to eliminating distractions
D. the cause of the lack of focus time
英语（二）试题.10.（共15页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41 一45).
There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Just say it
B. Be present
C. Pay a unique compliment
D. Name, places, things
E. Find the “me too“s
F. Skip the small talk
G. Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a
new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment
will strengthen the link.
You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new
people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation
with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a
conversation with strangers.
•41._____________________
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something
within you says "I want to talk with this personn—this is something that mostly
happens with all of us. You wanted to say something一the first word一but it just
won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here
is my advice: just get it out.
英语（二）试题.11.（共15页）Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you?
Well, they are not talking with you now!
I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just
flow. So keep it simple: “Hi" , “Hey" or “Hello"—do the best you can to gather
all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say "Hi".
42. _____________________
Ifs a problem all of us face； you have limited time with the person that you
want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of "hi”，“hello”，“how are you?” and
"what's going on?" , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that
can make it so memorable.
So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you'll be
surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43. _____________________
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things
which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation
from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move
outwards, you911 find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
44. _________ ____________
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on
their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response " I can
multitask”.
So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that
communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all
the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
45. _____________________
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after
some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that
awkward!
英语（二）试题.12.（共15页）So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with；
perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they
like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.
When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in
their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship
going.
That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost
anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation
with!
Section ID Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path
from a list of occupations. He ticks uastronautn but quickly adds “scientist" to
the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he
can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from
encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents
have to institute a “no reading policyn at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet一not even after
becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading
material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he
revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses
nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. "Each book opens up
new avenues of knowledge,M Gates says.
英语（二）试题.13.（共15页）Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit
Professor Smith. Write him an email to
1) apologize and explain the situation, and
2) suggest a future meeting.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
其他4.7%
服务26.8%
2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素
英语（二）试题.14.（共15页）2018年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 DBCBA 6〜10 BCDAC 11 〜15 BCADD
16 〜20 DABDC 21 〜25 BDACC 26 〜30 CAACC
31 〜35 BCDAD 36-40 ADDBB 41 〜45 AFEBD
Section DI Translation
一个五年级学生的一项家庭作业是:从一份职业列表中选出自己未来的职业道路。他先
勾选了“宇航员”，但很快又把“科学家”添加到职业列表中，并将它也选上。这个男孩确信,
如果他读的书足够多，他就能够探索尽可能多的职业道路。因此，从百科全书到科幻小说，他
什么书都读。他如此酷爱读书，以至于他的父母不得不制定吃饭时“禁止读书”的规矩。
那个男孩就是比尔-盖茨,他至今仍未停止读书——即使他已经成为全球最成功的人士
之一。现在，他已不再阅读科幻小说和参考书:最近，他透露自己一年至少阅读50本非小说
类图书。盖茨之所以选择非小说类图书，是因为它们解释世界是如何运行的。盖茨说:“每本
书都会开辟出新的知识途径。”
英语（二）试题.15.（共15页）
