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句法建构力
第一部分 长难句的理解与建构
英语长难句有“三多”, 即: 修饰成分多, 并列成分多, 结构层次多。例如:
China has accepted western fashion and technology as it has developed these years, but a lot of
young people are turning to the past for their clothes choices and putting on traditional “hanfu”.
【句子解析】
1.结构分析
这是由but连接的并列句。分析句子成分如下:
2.深度剖析
3.揭示句意
译文: 中国在这些年的发展过程中接受了西方的时尚和技术, 但很多年轻人在选择衣服时却转
向了过去, 穿上了传统的“汉服”。
【结构类型】
【分析策略】
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【翻译误区】
悉究 在面对大多数的语篇或句子时, 通过扫读就能够获取所需信息, 没有必
本末 要进行过分解读
字字 英文语句的语序和中文语句的语序有所不同, 如果我们直译成中文, 句
对译 意会很不通顺, 更不能反映原句的意义
遇到长句子时, 不要逐词地翻译, 要在对长难句进行结构分析的基础
望文
上, 结合上下文语境和文化背景等, 从整体上理解句子的真正含义, 切
生义
不可望文生义
【真题分析】
(2019·河南中招)Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered by thick forests, home to many
animals which no longer live in the United Kingdom. There were wolves and bears, many different kinds
of deer and large wild cows. There were less than four million people. They lived in small villages
protected by wooden walls from the animals outside.
All this has changed, of course. Now the population of the United Kingdom has increased to sixty-
five million. Three-quarters of Britain is covered with fields, towns or cities. Although 25 percent of
land is countryside, new methods of farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in
fields than ever before. The United Kingdom is one of the few countries in the world that does not have a
large wild animal that eats meat. In Scotland there are only 400 wildcats, but these are much smaller than
wolves. Some people would like to change things, however! Some organizations and writers say that
Britain needs to become more natural again. They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK
before towns and cities were built should be allowed to grow again. They even say that large wild
animals which have not lived in the UK should be helped to return and live wild. They call this
“rewilding”.
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【语篇大意】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国现在野生动物与之前相比少了很多, 一些人认为英国需要
变得更贴近自然一些, 他们想让大型野生动物重回英国并在野外生活。
【句子分析】
第一步: 找主干 They suggest
第二步: 理逻辑
第三步: 明句意
他们建议, 在英国建造城镇和城市之前生长的树木和植物应该被允许重新生长。
【策略演练】
1
Alex is reading a book about AI, artificial intelligence. He finds the book a little difficult but very
interesting. Though the word AI is very popular now, he enjoys reading it very much. He has learned a
new idea about AI from the book.
When people ask AI a question, it answers the question in a very short time. So, people may feel
that AI can think and answer questions as human beings do. Before Alex read this book, he believed this,
too. However, this book says it will never happen. Actually, AI only uses a lot of information to get the
best answer. So, when it has more information, the answer will be much closer to the perfect one. AI
technologies will be cleverer tools for human beings to use. This book also says almost half of our jobs
will be done by AI technologies in the near future. People will soon find more AI technologies in our lives,
such as checking the tickets, the price, people’s faces and fingers.
So, we believe that we will have much happier lives with these AI technologies around us.
( )1. What is the short form for “artificial intelligence”?
A. PC. B. AI. C. NBA. D. UFO.
( )2. What does Alex think of the book?
A. Difficult but interesting. B. Easy but important.
C. Popular and interesting. D. Difficult and important.
( )3. What new idea does Alex get from the book?
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A. AI can think by itself.
B. AI can’t answer questions immediately.
C. AI can have ideas of its own.
D. AI will never think by itself.
( )4. What is the meaning of the underlined part “almost half of our jobs will be done by AI
technologies” in the article?
A. Some of the jobs can be done by AI.
B. All the jobs can be done by AI.
C. None of the jobs can be done by AI.
D. AI will take the place of human beings.
( )5. Which of the following is true?
A. AI is used everywhere in the world now.
B. AI will have its own opinions in the future.
C. AI finds the best answer by using information.
D. AI thinks and answers questions as people do.
2
When we are born, we are given names that stay with us for our whole lives. Some names include
good wishes and hopes from parents, while others may be special and easy to remember. But do you
know how the new coronavirus got its name?
The task of naming a virus is no less important than naming a person. When a disease breaks out,
the official naming of a new virus is often late and may lead to many problems. Over the past ten years,
some improper names have caused problems. In 2009, the “swine flu” was widely used before the official
name, H1N1 virus, was announced. This led Egypt to kill all of its pigs even though it didn’t spread
among people who hadn’t been near pigs. In 2015, the name MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
made people of this region angry.
So in 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the names of viruses should
be easy to remember but avoid being named after places, people, animals and foods. Following these
rules, the new coronavirus we are suffering from was named “COVID -19” by the WHO on Feb. 11,
2020. In this name, “CO” means “corona”, “VI” stands for “virus” and “D” means “disease”.
( )1. When our parents name us, they ______.
A. often put their hopes on us
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B. try to make the names special
C. can easily remember our names
D. let the names stay with us longer
( )2. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. Naming a virus is not very important.
B. Naming a person or a virus is a difficult task.
C. Naming a virus is as important as naming a person.
D. Naming a person is more important than naming a virus.
( )3. Which is true according to the second paragraph?
A. MERS killed many pigs in Egypt.
B. H1N1 virus could spread among people.
C. A new virus isn’t often named officially in time.
D. Improper names caused viruses to spread widely.
( )4. What do we know about MERS virus?
A. It broke out in 2009. B. It was named after places.
C. It got its name from WHO. D. It made local people angry.
3
As we all know, China is the Kingdom of Bamboo, because it has the most bamboo in the world.
1. There are about 1, 200 kinds of bamboo in the world and about 400 kinds are in China.
People in ancient China used bamboo a lot in their daily life. They used bamboo to make many things.
As early as the Shang Dynasty, Chinese people began to use it to make beds, chairs, chopsticks,
spoons, baskets and so on. 2. 在纸被发明之前 , 人们在竹子上写字。 People also used bamboo to make
weapons for hunting or fighting. Besides, bamboo shoots were a popular dish, because they were crisp
and delicious. 3. It was also easy to find bamboo in Chinese medicine.
Today we can still find bamboo and bamboo products all over China.
Bamboo is tall with thick leaves. People like bamboo very much. They often plant it in the yards and
in the parks. It can stand the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter. 4. It is a plant that can grow on
poor land.
Through the centuries, bamboo has always been a subject of many poems and paintings. People
admire it for its purity(纯洁) and elegance(优雅). They compare the qualities(品质) of bamboo to those of
man. 5. 确实 , 竹子使中国文化丰富多彩。
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阅读短文, 将文中画线部分译成汉语或英语。
1.___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
1
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Alex is reading a book about AI, artificial intelligence. 可知,
artificial intelligence是指人工智能, 缩写形式是AI。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第一段He finds the book a little difficult but very interesting. 可知, 他认为这
本书有点难但却很有趣。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的So, people may feel that AI can think and answer questions as
human beings do. Before Alex read this book, he believed this, too. However, this book says it will
never happen. 可知人工智能并不像人们想象的那样可以和人一样进行思考, 有思维。
4. A 句意理解题。根据第二段中的People will soon find more AI technologies in our lives, such as
checking the tickets, the price, people’s faces and fingers. 可知, 人工智能技术可以用在检票、计价
等上面。因此, 人类的一些工作可以交给人工智能来完成。
5. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Actually, AI only uses a lot of information to get the best answer.
可知, 人工智能仅仅是利用众多信息去得出最佳答案。因此, C项表述与短文内容相符。
2
1. A 细节理解题。由第一段可知, 当我们的父母给我们起名字的时候, 他们常常把希望寄托在我
们身上。
2. C 句意理解题。The task of naming a virus is no less important than naming a person. 句中“no less
important than”为双重否定, 意为“与……一样重要”, 可推知句意: “命名一种病毒的任务与给一个
人取名的任务同等重要”。
3. C 细节理解题。由第二段中的When a disease breaks out, the official naming of a new virus is
often late可知, 当一种疾病爆发时, 官方对一种新病毒的命名往往很晚。
4. D 细节理解题。由第二段中的In 2015, the name MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
made people of this region angry. 可知, 中东呼吸综合征, 这个名字让这个地区的人们感到愤怒。
3
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1. 世界上大约有1 200种竹子, 其中大约400种在中国。
2. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo.
3. 很容易在中药里找到竹子。
4. 它是一种能够在贫瘠的土地上生长的植物。
5. Indeed, bamboo makes Chinese culture rich and colorful.
第二部分 否定意义的识别与建构
【要点分析】
【分析示例】
1. I can’t help feeling sorry for the poor man. 我情不自禁地为这个可怜的男人感到难过。
2. I can’t but agree to your decision. 我不得不同意你的决定。
3. She didn’t stop working until 12 o’clock last night. 昨晚直到12点, 她都在工作。
4. Not only Jim but also his wife saw her. 吉姆和他妻子都见到了她。
5. What he said was nothing less than a lie. 他说的纯属谎言。
6. We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。
7. He is anything but a scholar. (=He is not a scholar at all. )他绝对不是一个学者。
8. Your work is far from(is not at all) satisfactory. 你的工作一点儿也不令人满意。
9. They are too young to understand what is going on. 他们还太小, 不明白发生了什么事。
10. Am I your servant? (=I am not your servant. )难道我是你的仆人吗? (我不是你的仆人。)
11. Why do you think so? (You don’t think so at all. )你为什么这样想? (你用不着这样想。)
【例句分析】
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【突破策略】
1. 在搭配中理解词意
仅仅记住词义是不够的, 要学会在搭配中引申词义, 这样才能理解词意。
2. 利用语法切分复杂句子
读结构复杂的长句子, 如果不能读完之后自然理解句意, 就需要分析句子结构。
3. 抓重点词, 把握句子的命脉
题有题眼, 文有文眼, 句子也有句眼。句子的句眼就是重点词, 抓住了重点词就抓住了一个句
子的命脉。
4. 联系上下文理解句子
任何一篇文章的内容都是前后密切联系的, 这就需要在具体的语境中分析句子的含义和作用,
体会句子的言外之意。
5. 联系文章的中心思想理解句子
由篇章理解语句, 由语句理解篇章, 即字不离句, 句不离段, 段不离篇, 这是理解文章意义的有
效方法。
【真题示例】
(2020·滨州中考)In 1972, Richard Sears, a young American began learning Chinese because of his
interest in traditional Chinese culture. Drawn to the ancient language, he went to China to study Chinese
in the 1990s.
In 1994, Richard Sears decided to put the ancient Chinese characters online. Then, in 2002, he
did it. That is the beginning of the Chinese Etymology (汉字字源) website. “My website did not get
much attention for the next few years. Until one day in 2011, it suddenly got a lot of attention. I got a few
thousand emails, and a few million visitors and people started calling me ‘Uncle Hanzi’, ” Sears said with
a smile. Hanzi means Chinese characters. He has put more than 96, 000 ancient Chinese characters onto the
website. “When I study each character, I wonder what the ancient Chinese thought, ” said Sears.
After visiting many Chinese cities, Sears learned more about China and ancient Chinese culture. He
said when he came to China in the last century, few Chinese could speak good English. “However, you
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can hear English in many places in China now. Chinese language and culture were mysterious and not
known by people in most countries then, but now, more and more people in the world are learning
Chinese, even Chinese history, traditional Chinese medicine and so on, ” Sears added.
At present, the 70-year-old American has made his home in China. “When I die, I hope my
website will live on, and I’m planning to write a book about my research. This will be my gift to China, ”
he said.
What does “Drawn to the ancient language” mean in Paragraph 1?
A. Sears was interested in ancient Chinese.
B. Sears had to study Chinese characters.
C. Sears could draw Chinese characters well.
D. Sears could speak ancient Chinese very well.
【解答策略】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国人理查德·西尔斯从年轻的时候就对中国传统文化感兴趣,
并因此开始学习中文。后来他创办了研究和学习汉字的网站并向人们介绍古汉字, 被越来越多的汉
字迷所关注, 被称为“汉字叔叔”。
第一步: 定位置
该句位于第一段最后一句。
第二步: 找关系
根据第一段中的. . . because of his interest in traditional Chinese culture以及下文he went to China to
study Chinese in the 1990s可知, 理查德·西尔斯对中国传统文化感兴趣, 二十世纪九十年代的时候来
中国学习。
第三步: 选答案
结合文意可知, Drawn to the ancient language表示“西尔斯对古汉语感兴趣”。故选A。
【策略演练示】
1
Both of my two sons were born in Toronto, but they moved with us to Ottawa when they were quite
young. They went to school there, grew up there. Later, one of my sons went to Canada’s east coast
near a city called Halifax and the other moved to the west coast to Vancouver. My wife and I were left in
the middle.
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As we nearly retired, we started to think where we should spend our final years. For several reasons
we decided to live on a small town on Vancouver Island, where was close to one of my sons. However,
the son moved to Hollywood soon after he had got another job there. I helped him move.
We still lived a happy life in our little west coast town, but we have paid a price. We have not been
there for some important events such as the births of our grandchildren. We have missed watching them
grow up; we have missed backyard barbecues and basketball weekends with them. Our home, while
very comfortable, was also very quiet.
Every fall we travel to see the children. We usually fly, first to California to see our son Scott and
spend a week or more with him trying to catch up on everything we’ve missed. Then, usually in
November, we make the even longer trip east across Canada to see Travis and our grandchildren, who
were about their twenties.
Fortunately, both our sons are doing well and grandchildren are growing up straight and tall. We
love all of them and they love us. We’re very happy but there are times I think about the things we didn’t
see; the tears or the smile on the granddaughter’s face, their school graduations, my son’s joy at
successes in business.
Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price.
( )1. The writer’s sons grew up in ______.
A. Toronto B. Ottawa C. Halifax D. Vancouver
( )2. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, we can infer that the writer ______.
A. wanted to live a noisy life B. was satisfied with retired life
C. lived a comfortable life D. was sometimes lonely
( )3. Which of the following important events did the writer miss?
A. The births of his grandchildren.
B. School graduations of his grandchildren.
C. The successful times of his son’s business.
D. All of the above.
( )4. For his family life, the writer implies (暗示) ______.
A. they all regret not living together all the time although enjoying a happy life
B. they enjoy a happy life because they can see each other every year
C. they are proud of the sons and the grandchildren
D. they love the sons and the grandchildren
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( )5. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Living a happy life. B. A price to pay.
C. Moving from east to west. D. My sons and grandchildren.
2
Long long ago, there lived a man and a woman who had seven sons. The couple wanted a daughter
very much, and finally, they had a girl. She was very pretty and her parents loved her very much. One
day the father needed water for the child, so he sent the seven brothers to a well in the forest to get it.
Once there, though, the boys began to fight and the water jug fell into the well. The boys looked into
the well and thought of their father. They were afraid to go home.
Hours passed. “Where are those boys? ” shouted the angry father. “They are probably playing a game
and have forgotten about the water. I wish they were all turned into ravens! ” And when he looked up, he
saw seven black birds flying away. The father was shocked. “What have I done? ” he thought. But it was
too late. He could not take back his words.
Later, the girl grew up and discovered she had brothers. The story of their bad luck influenced her
deeply, and she decided to find them. For years, she searched and did not stop. She made up her mind
to find them. Finally, she found their home. To enter, she needed a special key made from a chicken
bone, which she did not have. The girl thought for a moment, and then took a knife and cut off one of
her fingers. With it, she opened the front door and went inside. On a table, there were seven plates and
seven cups. She ate and drank a little from each of them. In the last cup, she accidentally dropped a ring
that her parents had given her.
Later that day, the ravens returned for their meal. The girl hid behind the door and watched. When
the seventh raven drank from his cup, something hit his mouth. The raven recognized it at once — it was
his parents’ ring. “I wish our sister were here, ” he said, “and then we could be free. ” At that moment,
their sister ran to them, and suddenly the ravens were human again. The brothers kissed their sister, and
all eight of them went home together happily.
( )1. Why were the seven brothers afraid to go home at first?
A. They lost their father’s ring.
B. They threw away the water jug.
C. They didn’t get back any water.
D. Seven black ravens shocked them.
( )2. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
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A. The father regretted what he had said.
B. The father was not pleased with his life.
C. The father was worried about his little girl.
D. The father was angry with what his sons had done.
( )3. What was the first thing the girl did after she entered the ravens’ house?
A. She ate and drank.
B. She hid behind a door.
C. She took out a knife
D. She sat and waited for the ravens.
( )4. How did the ravens become human again?
A. They ate a magic ring.
B. One raven made a wish after seeing the ring.
C. Their sister kissed them.
D. They drank with a special cup from their father.
( )5. What lesson can we learn from the story?
A. Don’t talk to strange people.
B. Work hard and you will be happy.
C. Your parents always know best.
D. Think carefully about what to say.
【答案与解析】
1
1. B 细节理解题。由第一段Both of my two sons were born in Toronto, but they moved with us to
Ottawa when they were quite young. They went to school there, grew up there. 可知, 作者的两个儿子
都在Ottawa长大。
2. D 推理判断题。由第三段中的but we have paid a price及后面两处have missed可推知, 作者夫
妻二人的生活虽然非常舒适, 但是错过了许多与孙子(女)们一起相处的日子。由此可以判断, 作者夫
妻二人有时会感觉到孤独。
3. D 细节理解题。由第五段中的We’re very happy but there are times I think about the things we
didn’t see; the tears or the smile on the granddaughter’s face, their school graduations, my son’s joy at
successes in business. 可知, 作者错过了孙子(女)们的出生、孙子(女)们的学校教育以及儿子事业的
成功。
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4. A 推理判断题。由第三段、第四段、第五段的描述可推知, 尽管作者夫妻二人过着舒适安逸的
生活, 但是作者也流露出一些遗憾, 没有和子孙们一起生活。
5. B 主旨大意题。由最后一段Life has been good for our family but we have all paid a price. 可推知,
生活尽管对于作者和他的儿子们的家庭来说是非常好的, 但是一大家人在一起的日子非常少, 这也
许就是“完美之事总有缺憾”, 人总会付出一些代价。B项符合整篇文章的中心。
2
1. C 细节理解题。由第一段中的Once there, though, the boys began to fight and the water jug fell
into the well. 可知, 水壶掉进了井里没法取水了, 所以孩子们不敢回家了。
2. A 句意理解题。由第二段最后一句He could not take back his words. 可知, 他不能收回他说的话。
由此可以判断, 这位父亲很后悔他说的话。
3. A 细节理解题。由第三段中的She ate and drank a little from each of them. 可知, 女孩进入房间
后, 看到桌子上有七个盘子和七个杯子。她就吃喝了一点。
4. B 细节理解题。由第四段中“I wish our sister were here, ” he said, “and then we could be free. ”
可知, 当第七只乌鸦看见他父母送给他妹妹的戒指时许了一个愿, 然后他们七兄弟又变回了人。
5. D 推理判断题。通读文章可知, 父亲对他没有认真思考就说出那样的话感到非常后悔。由此可
知, 我们在说话之前应仔细考虑。
第三部分 熟词生义辨别力
【例句分析】
阅读中, 常会出现某些已学的词汇, 但用其常见词义理解却有可能使文意(句意)不通顺。如:
1. (2020·桂林中考)While we weren’t working, we were free to enjoy the festival. We saw a wide
variety of artists across the weekend.
【问题】The underlined word “free” in Paragraph 4 means ______.
A. 免费的 B. 随便的, 随意的 C. 空闲的, 空余的 D. 不被打扰的
【解析】free原意为“自由的”, 引申义为“免费的; 空闲的; 随意的”。根据此处句意“我们可以
随意享受这个节日”以及上半句中“不用工作”可知答案选B。
2. (2020·昆明中考)Risking his life, Joe jumped back into the cold water and managed to drag(拽)his dad
up onto some rocks. Then Joe did CPR(心肺复苏)on his dad until he came around.
【问题】What does the underlined phrase “came around” most probably mean?
A. Lost his life. B. Came back to life.
C. Ran around the rocks. D. Gave up the boat.
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【解析】come around原意为“过来”, 引申义为“拜访; 苏醒”。根据上文Joe给他父亲做心肺复
苏可知, Joe的父亲苏醒了。故选B。
3. (2020·济宁中考)When spring is in the air, everyone looks forward to seeing the beautiful and eye-
pleasing flowers and plants. The following flowers and plants might not be so eye-pleasing, but are
certainly eye-catching!
【问题】What does the underlined part mean?
A. When spring comes. B. When spring flies.
C. When spring is gone. D. When the air is fresh.
【解析】in the air原意为“在空中”。由后面的“everyone looks forward to seeing the beautiful and
eye-pleasing flowers and plants”可判断此处指“当春天来了, 每个人都期待着看到美丽和赏心悦目的
花草”。由此判断选A。
4. (2020·鄂州中考)However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and
stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown
that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
【问题】The underlined word “contribute” means “______” in Chinese.
A. 增加 B. 捐献 C. 造成 D. 是……原因之一
【解析】画线词所在句句意为“另外, 早期研究已表明微塑料可能______肺癌风险”。结合选项与
常识可知, “风险”应该与增加或减少等词搭配, 故选A。
【突破策略】
根据词的基本义, 结合具体的语境去理解和推测这个词的引申义。也就是说, 大多数多义词的
“生义”和它的基本义是有联系的, 在学习过程中要养成由基本义结合语境去理解引申义的思维。
如遇见没学过的“生义”, 就有能力科学、迅速、精准地理解和推测“生义”。
【拓展记忆】
1.名词/形容词/副词的一词多义/熟词生义
①original /əˈrɪdʒənl/ 熟义： adj. 起初的；原创的 生义：n. 原作；原画
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②copy /ˈkɒpi/ 熟义： vt. 复制 生义：n. 复制品
③personally /ˈpɜːsənəli/ 熟义： adv. 个人地 生义：adv. 无礼地
④difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ 熟义： adj. 困难的 生义：adj. (人)难相处的；难对付的；难以取悦的
⑤green /ɡriːn/ 熟义： adj. 绿色的 生义： adj. 环保的
⑥row /rəʊ/ 熟义： n. 排 生义：vi. 吵架；争吵
⑦eye /aɪ/ 熟义： n. 眼 生义： n. 视角
⑧slip /slɪp/ 熟义： v．滑倒 生义： n. 错误
⑨regular /ˈreɡjələ(r)/ 熟义： adj. 有规律的；定期的 生义： n. 常客
⑩land/lænd/熟义：n. 土地 v. 着陆 生义：v. 谋得
⑪storm/stɔːm/熟义：n. 暴风雨 生义：v. 气冲冲地疾走
⑫station/ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/熟义：n. 站 生义：v. 部署，使驻扎
⑬ache/eɪk/熟义：n. 疼痛 生义：v. 渴望
⑭address/əˈdres/熟义：n. 地址 v. 在……上写姓名和地址 生义：v. 发表演说
⑮coach/kəʊtʃ/多义：n. 教练 v. 辅导；训练
⑯ground/ɡraʊnd/熟义：n. 地面 生义：n. 理由
⑰measure/ˈmeʒə/多义：n. 措施，方法 v. 估量，判定(重要性、价值或影响等)
⑱position/pəˈzɪʃn/熟义：n. 位置；职位 生义：n. 立场；观点
⑲promise/ˈprɒmɪs/熟义：n. 诺言 生义：v. 有……的希望；使……有可能
⑳shoulder/ˈʃəʊldə/熟义：n. 肩膀 生义：v. 承担
2.动词(短语) 一词多义/熟词生义
①run /rʌn/ 多义： v. 经营；管理；主办；跑；赛跑；运行；运转
②rest /rest/ 熟义： n．&v. 休息 生义： vt. 停下
③battle /ˈbætl/ 熟义： v．&n. 斗争 生义：vt. 争夺，竞拍
④translate /trænzˈleɪt; trænsˈleɪt/ 熟义： v. 翻译 生义： v. 逐渐上升
⑤conduct/kənˈdʌkt/多义：v. 指挥；实施，做
⑥drive/draɪv/熟义：v. 开车 生义：v. 推动，驱使 望，干劲
⑦equal/ˈiːkwəl/多义：v. 达到，相当于 adj. 平等的；(大小、数字、重要性)相等的
⑧free/friː/多义：v. 解除 adj. 自由的，免费的
⑨exploit/ˈeksplɔɪt/熟义：v. 开发，开采；剥削 生义：v. 利用
⑩govern/ˈɡʌv(ə)n/熟义：v. 管理；控制 生义：v. 影响；支配
⑪help/help/熟义：v. 帮助 生义：v. 起作用
⑫hit/hɪt/熟义：v. 击中，打击 生义：n. 成功；红极一时的人或事
⑬kill/kɪl/熟义：v. 杀死，弄死 生义：v. 消磨或打发(时间)
⑭build/bɪld/熟义：v. 建筑，建造 生义：v. 逐渐增强 n. 体格，体形，身材
⑮cause/kɔːz/熟义：v. 促使，引起 生义：n. 原因；事业
⑯cover/ˈkʌvə/熟义：v. 覆盖 n. (书刊的)封面，封皮
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生义：v. 行走(一段路程)；足以支付，够付；采访
⑰cross/krɒs/ 多义：v. 跨越，横穿 adj. 生气的
⑱develop/dɪˈveləp/熟义：v. 发展；开发；研制 生义：v. 冲印
⑲express/ɪkˈspres/多义：v. 表达 n. 快车；快递服务
⑳encourage/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/熟义：v. 鼓励，激励 生义：v. 促进，助长，刺激
2.完形填空可能会出现的生僻单词
（1）生僻名词
①privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ n. 隐私
②agenda/əˈdʒendə/n. 议事日程；议程表
③blessing/ˈblesɪŋ/n. 祝福；幸事
④brand/brænd/n. 品牌；烙印
⑤budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/n. 预算
⑥coincidence/kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)ns/n. 巧合
⑦deposit/dɪˈpɒzɪt/n. 存款；押金；订金
⑧nervousness/ˈnɜːvəsnəs/n. 紧张
⑨presentation/prez(ə)nˈteɪʃ(ə)n/n. 出示；授予；颁发
⑩principle/ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l/n. 原则；信条
⑪procedure/prəˈsiːdʒə/n. 程序；手续；步骤
⑫restriction/rɪˈstrɪkʃ(ə)n/n. 限制；限定
⑬sympathy/ˈsɪmpəθɪ/n. 同情
（2）生僻动词
①allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ vt. 分配
②frame /freɪm/ vt. 给……做框
③acknowledge/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/vt. 承认；致谢
④adore/əˈdɔ/vt. 热爱；爱慕
⑤consume/kənˈsjuːm/vt. 消耗；耗费；吃；喝
⑥draft/drɑːft/vt. 起草；草拟
⑦envelop/ɪnˈvələp/vt. 包裹住，覆盖；笼罩
⑧leak/liːk/vi. 漏；渗入
⑨multiply/ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/vt.&vi. 乘；增加；繁殖
⑩negotiate/nɪˈɡəʊʃɪeɪt/vt. 协商
⑪foster/ˈfɒstə/vt. 培养
⑫insert/ɪnˈsɜːt/vt.&vi. 插入
⑬shrink/ʃrɪŋk/vi. 缩小；收缩
⑭tease/tiːz/vt.&vi. 取笑
⑮withdraw/wɪðˈdrɔ/vt.撤离
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（3）生僻形容词/副词
①abruptly/əˈbrʌptli/adv. 突然地
②ambiguous/æmˈbɪɡjʊəs/adj. 模棱两可的；含糊不清的
③artificial/ɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/adj. 人造的
④awesome/ˈɔːs(ə)m/adj. 令人惊叹的
⑤delicate/ˈdelɪkət/adj. 精美的；易碎的
⑥punctual/ˈpʌŋ(k)tʃʊəl/adj. 守时的
⑦thorough/ˈθʌrə/adj. 彻底的
⑧talkative/ˈtɔːkətɪv/adj. 健谈的
⑨accidentally/æksɪˈdentəli/adv. 偶然地
⑩initially/ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)lɪ/adv. 最初
⑪eventually/ɪˈventʃʊəlɪ/adv. 最终；最后
⑫nevertheless/nevəðəˈles/adv.&conj. 然而
⑬blessed/ˈblesɪd/adj. 受到祝福的
⑭reflective/rɪˈflektɪv/adj. 反射的
⑮skeptical/ˈskeptɪkəl/adj. 怀疑的
⑯consequently/ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ntlɪ/adv. 因此
（4）生僻词组
①hang out 闲逛
②back up 支持；支援
③catch on 流行
④fade away 逐渐消失
⑤win out 终获成功
⑥jump at 迫不及待地接受
⑦beat out 击败
⑧back off 后退
⑨cater for 迎合
⑩step forward 主动站出来
⑪mean business 当真，认真
⑫take sth. personally 认为某事针对自己而不悦
⑬bottom line 底线
⑭ring true 给人以真实的印象；听起来真实
⑮split up with 和……分手
⑯water sth. down 缓和……的语气；使变得轻描淡写
【真题示例】
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(2020·德阳中考)All of us live in one world. While we are eating food, drinking water, wearing
clothes, watching TV, using computers and so on, we are producing waste every moment. When we
finish reading a newspaper, the paper will become waste. When TV sets or computers are broken, they
will become electronic waste.
Plastic bags are often used in our everyday life. The number of used plastic bags is increasing day by
day. We like to use plastic bags because they are convenient. When we get home, we throw the plastics
away. These are called “white pollution” as most plastics are white. Rubber is also common in our daily
life. Many of our products are made of rubber, just like the tyres (轮胎) and the bottom part of our shoes.
It’s true that rubber plays an important role in our life. However, it also brings us some trouble when it
has been used for a long time. The old rubber pollutes environment very badly because it can’t break down
easily in nature — it will stay unchanged for a long time. This is really a big problem all over the world.
Everyone should play a part in saving our world. For example, when we go shopping, we can
bring cloth bags instead of plastic ones. And we should do something to recycle rubber. Our small actions
can make a difference and lead to a better future.
What does the underlined phrase “break down” mean in Chinese?
A. 中断 B. 影响 C. 利用 D. 分解
【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了平时生活中产生的各种垃圾, 号召人们保护环境, 能在未
来过上更美好的生活。
根据break down所在句子中的it will stay unchanged for a long time可知, 它会存在很久而不腐
烂。结合The old rubber pollutes environment very badly可以判断, 旧橡胶对环境的污染非常严重, 因
为它在自然界中不易分解——它会长时间保持不变。结合自己的生活常识以及选项可以判断, break
down的意思是“分解”。故选D。
【策略演练】
1
Hope Matters
Reyes Guana, 42, grew up in a poor Mexican family. He has seven brothers and sisters. His
parents always had two jobs to make ends meet.
As a boy, Guana had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He called her “Nike” because she
wore Nike shoes. The boy liked how Nike made everything clean. He told her he wanted to be a cleaner,
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too. “Well, it’s good if you want to be a cleaner, ” Nike told little Guana. “ But make sure you go to
college. ”
Guana also looked up to the principal of his school. The school leader told the boy that his job was to
help students and teachers. “Wow, when I grow up, I want to do what you’re doing. ” Guana told him.
“Well, if you stick to your dream, you will, ” the principal replied.
And Guana really got there. But it was quite a long journey for him. Twenty-three ago, he followed
in Nike’s footsteps and was cleaning schools. He worked at three schools to pay for his college education.
He held that job for four years and then worked his way up to being a school safety monitor. After that,
he worked as a teacher for a few years.
Now, as a principal, Guana never forgets where he came from. He helps students from poor
families and shows respect for every school staff member. He always invites everyone to school parties,
including those who clean the floors and those who drive the school buses.
( )1. Guana hoped to be a cleaner because he______.
A. was good at cleaning
B. admired the cleaner “Nike” a lot
C. needed to support his poor family
D. had to pay for his college education
( )2. Guana became a school safety monitor ______.
A. when he was nineteen B. after he worked as a teacher
C. as soon as he got enough money D. before he was named principal
( )3. The underlined phrase “got there” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. went back to “Nike” B. entered a college
C. realized one’s dream D. became well-known
( )4. According to the writer, ______.
A. Guana should have been named principal earlier
B. a boy from a poor family can have a bright future
C. a cleaner is more important than a college student
D. the cleaners and the drivers should get more respect
( )5. What would be another title for this passage?
A. From Cleaner to Leader B. Different Jobs
C. From Failure to Success D. Relationship Works
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2
If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a “lesson” on garbage sorting. Shanghai is the first
city to carry out strict rules on garbage sorting. People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four
categories—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they
can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies will have to pay between 1, 000 to 50, 000 yuan for
breaking the rules. Since the rules took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been
reduced. The city also rebuilt 21, 000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40, 000 waste bins have been
updated.
However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal
with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping. According to the
sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin.
Because the wet garbage will decompose properly and become useful organic waste.
By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been set up in 46 cities in our country.
Everyone should take an active part in garbage sorting.
( )1. ______ is the first city to carry out strict rules on garbage sorting.
A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Shenzhen D. Chongqing
( )2. Garbage sorting includes four categories—recyclable, ______, dry and wet waste.
A. harmful B. useful C. helpfulD. colorful
( )3. The underlined word “fined” means “______”in Chinese.
A. 责备 B. 奖励 C. 罚款 D. 提高
( )4. ______, garbage-sorting systems will have been set up in 46 cities around the country.
A. In 2021 B. By the end of 2020
C. Since 2020 D. At the beginning of 2020
3
My husband Shane and I were hanging out on the street one evening. I was talking but he was looking
over at someone.
He walked over to a young girl who was crying. As he talked to her, I could see from his body
language that he was trying to calm her down. When I joined them, I realized that she had been homeless
for some time. She told Shane that all she wanted was to go to her sister’s house in another city.
Some people would have handed her some money, wished her lunch or maybe allowed her to make
a call. Shane did much more.
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It was a bit cold, so we had an idea to take her home. When I asked her if she’d like to go home with
us, she thanked me about a million times with tears in her eyes.
We went home and I gave her some clean clothes to wear and told her she could use the shower. We
ate something. Finally, she told us her story.
In the morning, she was finally able to get a hold of her sister, so she had a place to go. Shane
drove her to the bus station and bought her a ticket.
Sometimes what people need is not just money, but people who will trust, listen to and understand
them.
( )1. The writer knew Shane was making the girl be calm because she ______.
A. heard what they said B. saw his body language
C. asked Shane what he said D. was doing the same thing
( )2. Shane wanted to ______when he knew her trouble on the street.
A. give the girl some money B. let the girl use his phone
C. have a lunch with the girl D. take the girl to their home
( )3. Choose the true sentence according to the fourth paragraph.
A. The girl was so hungry that she began to cry.
B. The girl didn’t believe in Shane and the writer at all.
C. The girl agreed to go with Shane and the writer soon.
D. The writer felt unhappy when she heard what Shane said.
( )4. The phrase “get a hold of” in the sixth paragraph means “______” in Chinese.
A. 联系 B. 抓住 C. 看到 D. 控制
【答案解析】
1
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“The boy liked how Nike made everything clean. He told her he
wanted to be a cleaner, too. ”可知Guana想成为一名清洁工是因为他喜欢“Nike”把所有东西都弄干
净的样子。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段后半部分“He held that job for four years and then worked his way up
to being a school safety monitor. After that, he worked as a teacher for a few years. ”和第五段“Now,
as a principal, Guana never forgets where he came from. ”可知Guana做了几年清洁工之后当上了学校
安全监督员。在那之后, 他当了几年老师。现在, 是一名校长了。
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3. C 词义猜测题。根据下文“But it was quite a long journey for him. ”可知尽管是相当长的时间,
但Guana最终实现了自己的梦想。
4. B 推理判断题。选项A: Guana应该早点被任命为校长; 选项B: 一个来自贫困家庭的男孩可以
有一个光明的未来; 选项C: 一个清洁工比一个大学生更重要; 选项D: 清洁工和司机应该得到更多
的尊重。文章讲述的是来自贫困家庭的Guana坚持梦想, 勤于实践的励志故事。故选项B符合作者
的观点。
5. A 主旨大意题。文章讲述的是Guana坚持梦想, 从学校清洁工逆袭成校长的励志故事, 故选
A。
2
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Shanghai is the first city to carry out strict rules on garbage
sorting”可知, 上海是中国第一座严格实施垃圾分类制度的城市。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four
categories—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. ”可知, 垃圾分类包括四种类别: 可回收垃圾、
有害垃圾、干垃圾和湿垃圾。
3. C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“while companies will have to pay between 1, 000 to
50, 000 yuan for breaking the rules”可知, 如果公司违反了这项规则, 公司不得不支付一千到五万元
的罚款。故推测画线词所在句的句意: 如果人们不能正确把垃圾进行分类, 他们将被罚款高达200
元。故推测画线词意为“罚款”。
4. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been
set up in 46 cities in our country. ”可知, 到2020年的年底, 我们国家将会在46座城市投入使用垃圾分
类系统。
3
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“As he talked to her, I could see from his body language that he was
trying to calm her down. ”可知作者从Shane的肢体语言中可以看出他是在试图让女孩平静下来。故
选B。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段“It was a bit cold, so we had an idea to take her home. ”可知他们决
定把她带回家。故选D。
3. C 推理判断题。根据本段内容可知天气有点冷, 所以他们想到了一个主意, 把她带回家。当作
者问她是否愿意和他们一起回家的时候, 她含泪感谢了他们无数次。故选C。
4. A 词义猜测题。根据下文“so she had a place to go”可知是她与姐姐取得了联系。故选A。
第四部分 句法能力演练
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一、对划线部分提问
1. This desk is black.
is this desk?
2. People get a great deal of information through the Internet nowadays.
people get a great deal of information nowadays?
3. The school is 15 minutes’ walk from my home.
is it from the school to your home?
4. The class begins at a quarter to three.
does the class begin?
5. It is R-I-N-G.
it?
6. People named this kind of food after a man called Sandwich.
did people name this kind of food after?
7. Amy likes singing and dancing.
__________________ Amy like?
8. My keys are on the sofa.
9. I will live in Shanghai in ten years.
you live in ten years?
10. She likes pandas because they are cute.
like pandas?
11. Jim’s QQ number is 320621.(
Jim’s QQ number?
12. The story of the Emperor’s Clothes is interesting.
do you the story of the Emperor’s Clothes?
13. Robert usually brought us Wisconsin cheese before he got married.
Robert you Wisconsin cheese before he got married?
14. It's 8 December today.
today?
15. The UFO means “unidentified flying object”.
(Ask a question according to the underlined part.)
?
16. She’d like a medium bag of apples.
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bag of apples would she like?
17. My keys are on the sofa.
your keys?
18. My grandfather exercises five times a week.
does your grandfather exercise?
19. She usually goes to work at eight.
she usually at eight?
20. I used to learn cooking by watching cooking videos.(对划线部分提问)
you use to learn cooking?
二、改写句子
21. The two children couldn’t find their way out of the forest.（同义句）
The two children in the forest.
22. How is the weather in Boston? (改写句子，句意不变)
the weather in Boston?
23. Parents are proud of what their children have achieved.（改为同义句）
Parents in what their children have achieved.
24. I walk to school every day. (改为同义句)
I go to school every day.
25. We enjoyed ourselves in the zoo last Sunday.（改为同义句）
We in the zoo last Sunday.
26. The dictionary might belong to Carla.（改为同义句）
The dictionary might be .
27. I like apples and bananas.
I like apples bananas.
28. What fruit do you like best? (改为同义句)
your fruit?
29. How do you like the book?（改为同义句）
What do you the book?
30. His brother joined the army three years ago.（改为同义句）
His brother in the army for three years.
31. China’s ministry of education will push back the national college entrance examination to July 7th and
8th.（改写句子，句意不变）
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The national college entrance examination will back to July 7th and 8th by China’s
ministry of education.
32. He fell behind just because he lost interest in his lessons. （同义句改写）
He fell behind simply because of the interest in his lessons.
33. Sally doesn’t like this kind of music.（改为同义句）
Sally this kind of music.
34. The classroom is filled with the students.
The classroom is the students.
35. After I finished my work, I went to bed.（保持句意不变）
I go to bed I finished my work.
36. These are yellow skirts. (改为同义句)
These are .
37. Chinese is not as interesting as English. （改为同义句）
English is Chinese.
38. He’d like to chat with his net-pal on the Internet.(保持句意相同)
He chat with his net-pal on the Internet.
39. When is he going to his cousin’s house? (写出同义句)
is he his cousin’s house?
40. Hong Kong is in South China.（保持句意不变）
Hong Kong is in south China.
三、连词成句
41. run don’t the in hallways
.
42. deaf, who, work, people, and, in, noisy, live, conditions, go, often
.
43. time, a, had, what, they, good（!）
44. told, my, that, me, give, mother, I, up, shouldn’t
.
45. people, at home, use, to wash clothes, washing machines
.
46. pen, the, me, red, to, pass
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.
47. months, have, two, kept, I, for, about, it
.
48. how, fun, have, to, some, not, know, do, children
.
49. dictionary, not, they, are, my
.
50. 连连看, 将上下两行连接起来, 使这两个词能表达出正确的意思。
Good Thank And I’m
morning you OK fine
51. please, out, the, you, rubbish, could, take
?
52. doesn't, Tom, have, ruler, a
.
53. our, colourful, the Internet, makes, life, more
.
54. you, solve, feel, unless, will, you, it, worse
.
55. have, we, shoes, black, $30, for, only
.
56. you, are, for, ready, school
?
57. spends, lot, a, she, money, of
.
58. take, in class activities, should, an active part, students
.
59. the kitchen, how, is, dangerous
!
60. keys, your, those, are,
?
四、句子转换
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61. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. (改为一般疑问句)
you just at home most of the time to read and relax?
62. There are about 28 million people in Chongging. There are about 14 million people in Tianjin.（合并
为一句）
The population of Chongqing is much that of Tianjin.
63. David does sports with his friends on the weekend.(改为否定句)
David sports with his friends on the weekend.
64. They haven’t cleaned the floor. (改为被动句)
65. She is a young woman. (改为复数句)
They young .
66. I will visit France this summer vacation.(改为否定句）
I visit France this summer vacation.
67. They like swimming. (变为否定句)
They swimming.
68. He’s never heard this strange thing. (改为反义疑问句)
He’s never heard this strange thing, ?
69. Jack does his homework at school every day. (改为一般疑问句并做肯定、否定回答；改为否定
句）
Jack his homework at school every day?
, he .
, he .
Jack his homework at school every day.
70. They walk in the park after dinner. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
— they in the park after dinner?
— , .
71. I can see a cat on the floor. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答)
— you see a cat on the floor?
—Yes, I ./—No, I .
72. Tim has a TV in his room. (改为一般疑问句)
Tim a TV in his room?
73. I have told them the good news. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）
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— you them the good news?
—Yes, .
74. The villager cuts down a tree every day.（用now改写句子）
The villager down a tree now.
75. Alan has a basketball.（改为一般疑问句）
Alan a basketball?
76. John has a model plane. (改成否定句)
John a model plane.
77. The government has built many more parking places to meet people' s needs. （改为否定句）
The government many more parking places to meet people's needs.
78. Students should be allowed to do homework with friends.（改为否定句）
.
79. There will be fewer cars in the future. (改为一般疑问句)
there fewer cars in the future?
80. The tall man must be Jim’s uncle. (完成反意疑问句)
The tall man must be Jim’s uncle, ?
五、根据句意填单词适当的形式
81. —Is this (you) watch?
—No, it isn’t. It’s (she).
82. I’m sure more and more new things will be (discover) in the future.
83. The (man) over there are from Japan.
84. They are my (parent) computers.
85. What a (fun) movie it is!
86. There (be) a flower show at the weekend.
87. You can never think of the fun that we had (chat) with each other.
88. They are seldom ill, because they have strong (body).
89. We have no (choose) but to depend on ourselves.
90. Benny wants to Daisy. (foolish)
91. Mrs Green (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.
92. To improve your English, (watch) English movies is a good way.
93. I wish (eat) Zongzi in the Dragon boat Festival.
94. Shall we go （swim）this afternoon?
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95. I know I will say to the two simple words “Be yourself”. (I)
96. (be) there any bookshops in my street?
97. The mobile phone is not mine. It may be somebody (else).
98. He knows the way to the hospital . (good)
99. He has trouble in (learn) English.
100. Where do you plan (go) this Sunday?
参考答案
一、
1. What color/colour
【解析】句意：这张桌子是黑色的。根据画线部分是black，表示颜色，形容词，在句中作表语，
用特殊疑问词what color/colour来提问，在句首首字母大写。故填What；color/colour。
2. How do
【解析】句意：现在人们通过互联网获取大量的信息。划线部分表示的是方式，对此提问用疑问词
how，原句是一般现在时，get是动词原形，疑问句借助于助动词do，将其放在主语people前，故
填How；do。
3. How far
【解析】句意：学校离我家有15分钟的步行路程。划线部分是距离，应用how far“多远”提问，故
填How；far。
4. What time
【解析】句意：两点四十五分开始上课。画线部分“at a quarter to three”是时间点，就时间点提问
一般用what time（几点了）提问，句子的开头首字母应大写，故填What；time。
5. How do you spell
【解析】句意：它是R-I-N-G。划线部分是某一个单词的具体拼写，可以这样问“你怎么拼写它”。
how“如何”；spell“拼写”；句子是一般现在时，主语是you，疑问句助动词借助do。故填How；
do；you；spell。
6. Which man
【解析】句意：人们用一个叫三明治的人来命名这种食物。（人们是用谁的名字来给这种食物命名
的？）
called Sandwich是过去分词做man的后置定语；原句对called Sandwich划线，是问哪个人，需用
which man提问；句首单词的首字母需大写，根据句意结构，可知填Which; man。
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7. What does
【解析】句意：Amy喜欢唱歌和跳舞。本题要求我们对划线部分进行提问，根据句意可知，这里我
们应问Amy喜欢什么，疑问词应该是What；主语Amy是第三人称单数形式，故用助动词does。故
填What does。
8. Where are your keys?
【解析】句意：我的钥匙在沙发上。对on the sofa地点状语进行提问，用特殊疑问词where，意为
“在哪儿”，be动词are提到主语之前，my要换成第二人称your，你的。故填Where are your
keys?
9. Where will
【解析】句意：十年后我将住在上海。根据划线部分“in Shanghai”可知，此处是提问位置，用
where来提问，上文是一般将来时，特殊疑问句要借助will来构成特殊疑问句，故填Where；will。
10. Why does she
【解析】句意：因为熊猫很可爱，所以她很喜欢熊猫。划线部分为because they are cute，问原因应
用特殊疑问词why，且位于句首首字母应大写。原句谓语为likes，在特殊疑问句中助动词do应用
第三人称单数形式does，原句主语为she。故填Why；does；she。
11. What is
【解析】句意：吉姆的QQ号码是320621。划线部分是QQ号码，疑问句应用what来提问，句首
首字母大写，系动词is置于疑问词之后。故填What；is。
12. What think of
【解析】句意：《皇帝的衣服》的故事很有趣。划线部分“interesting”是对故事的评价，提问时要
用What do you think of ...?或How do you like ...?来问对这个故事的看法，结合题干空格可知用What
提问。故填What；think of。
13. How often did bring
【解析】句意：在罗伯特结婚前，他通常给我们带来威斯康星州的奶酪。划线部分“usually”是频
度副词，提问用“how often”，后面加一般疑问句；原句谓语动词使用过去式brought，所以一般疑
问句用助动词did提问，其后动词用原形。故填①How②often③did④bring。
14. What's the date
【解析】句意：今天是12月8日。划线部分为日期，提问日期“今天几号？”用句型What's the
date today?，期中date“表示日期”；根据today可知，此句是一般现在时，故填What's；the；
date。
15. What does the UFO mean
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【解析】句意：UFO的意思是“不明飞行物”。划线部分作谓语，对此提问用疑问词what，means
是动词三单，疑问句借助于助动词does，将其放在疑问词后，后面的动词用原形，故填What does
the UFO mean。
16. What size
【解析】句意：她想要一中袋数量的苹果。划线部分“a medium”表示“中等的”，对尺寸进行提
问，应该用what size。故填What；size。
17. Where are
【解析】句意：我的钥匙在沙发上。划线部分表地点，对此提问用疑问词where，be动词are放到
主语前，故填Where；are。
18. How often
【解析】句意：我祖父每周锻炼五次。划线部分表示锻炼的频率，对其提问应用how often“多久一
次”，位于句首字母h大写。故填How；often。
19. What does do
【解析】句意：她通常八点去工作。原句对goes to work划线，是问做什么事，需用what提问；本
句是一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，句中含实义动词go，需借助助动词does构成一般疑问
句；原句动词用do代替。故填What does；do。
20. How did
【解析】句意：我以前通过看烹饪视频来学习烹饪。句中划线部分表示方式方法，对此提问用疑问
词how，且原句时态是一般过去时，所以疑问句中要借助助动词did构成疑问语序。故填How；
did。
二、
21. got lost
【解析】句意：两个孩子找不到走出森林的路。“couldn’t find their way out of the fores”表示“在森
林里迷路了”，get lost“迷路”，根据couldn’t可知，改写后的句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，
故填got；lost。
22. What's like
【解析】句意：波士顿的天气怎么样？英语中询问天气的句型有两种：What's the weather like…?或
How's the weather…?两者可以互换。位于句首首字母要大写。故填What's；like。
23. take pride
【解析】句意：父母为他们的孩子所取得的成就感到骄傲。be proud of=take pride in“以……为傲”，
原句时态是一般现在时，主语是Parents，谓语动词用原形。故填take；pride。
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24. on foot
【解析】句意：我每天步行上学。walk to school=go to school on foot“步行上学”，故填on；foot。
25. had fun
【解析】句意：上周日我们在动物园玩得很开心。根据题干，缺少部分是“enjoyed ourselves”近义
词组，是“玩的开心”的意思，相当于have fun，又因为“enjoyed”用的过去式，故have也用过去
式。故填had fun。
26. Carla’s
【解析】句意：这本字典可能属于Carla。可以改为：这本字典可能是Carla的。用's所有格的形式。
故填Carla's。
27. not only but also
【解析】句意：我喜欢苹果和香蕉。分析题干，“and和”与“not only ... but also不仅、而且” 都
为并列连词，用来连接和强调两个同等的成分，可以互换。故填not；only；but ；also。
28. What’s favourite/favorite
【解析】句意：你最喜欢什么水果？根据题意，like best表示“最喜欢”，也可以
用favourite/favorite表示，即“你最喜欢的水果是什么”，故填What’s；favourite/favorite。
29. think of
【解析】句意：你觉得这本书怎么样？题目要求改为同义句，“what do you think of sth”与“how do
you like sth”意思相同，意为“你觉得……怎么样”。故填think；of。
30. has been
【解析】句意：他哥哥三年前参军了。根据“for three years”可知，时态是现在完成时，be in the
army“参军”表示延续，主语是“His brother”，助动词用has。故填has；been。
31. be pushed
【解析】句意：中国教育部将把高考推迟到7月7日和8日。原句是主动句，examination和动词
push是被动关系，在被动句中examination变为主语，句子需用“be done”被动语态结构。结合will
是一般将来时的助动词，可知改句是一般将来时的被动语态，需用“will be done”结构，故填①be
②pushed。
32. loss of
【解析】句意：他落后只是因为他对功课失去了兴趣。the后接名词，结合“lost interest”可知，动
词lost改为名词loss“丧失”，the loss of interest“兴趣的丧失”。故填loss；of。
33. hates
【解析】句意：莎莉不喜欢这种音乐。not like=hate“不喜欢”，原句是一般现在时，主语是单数名
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词，动词用三单形式，故填hates。
34. full of
【解析】句意：教室里挤满了学生。be filled with=be full of“充满，满是”。故填full；of。
35. didn’t until
【解析】句意：我完成工作后，就去睡觉了。此处可以表达为“昨晚我直到我完成工作，才去睡
觉”，用“not...until”句型，意为“直到……才”；本句是一般过去时，否定句在实义动词前用
didn’t。故填didn’t；until。
36. skirts yellow
【解析】句意：这些是黄色的裙子。改为同义句是“这些裙子是黄色的”，these后接复数名词
skirts；yellow作表语，故填skirts；yellow。
37. more interesting than
【解析】句意: 汉语不如英语有趣。换句话说也就是英语比汉语有趣，所以可以用到比较级的形式
进行转化，interesting的比较级more interesting, 故填more interesting than。
38. wants to
【解析】句意：他喜欢在网上和他的网友聊天。would like to do sth=want to do sth“想要做某事”，
时态是一般现在时，主语是he，动词用三单。故填wants；to。
39. What time leaving for
【解析】句意：他打算什么时候去他表弟家？When =What time何时，什么时间；be going to+地点，
打算去某地；leave for+地点，前往某地，leave为位移动词，可以用进行时表示将来。故答案为(1).
What (2). time (3). leaving (4). for 。
40. the of
【解析】句意：香港在中国南部。in South China表示“在中国南部”，也可以用in the south of
China表示“在中国的南部”，故填the；of。
三、
41. Don’t run in the hallways
【解析】根据标点和所给词可知，本句是否定祈使句，Don’t do sth“不要做某事”，run in the
hallways“在走廊里奔跑”。故填Don’t run in the hallways“不要在走廊里奔跑”。
42. People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf
【解析】由所给标点可知此句为陈述句，由句中“who”可知此句为主从复合句；people“人们”，
作主句主语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；work and live“工作和生活”，为从句谓语；
in noisy conditions“在嘈杂环境中”，用于定语从句中作地点状语；often“经常”，在主句中作状语；
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go deaf“失聪”，作主语谓语。故填People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf“在嘈杂
环境中工作和生活的人经常失聪”。
43. What a good time they had!
【解析】根据所给词及标点符号可知，此句为what引导的感叹句，其结构为What+（a/an+形容
词）+名词+主语+谓语！What修饰名词短语a good time置于句首，they作主语，had为谓语。故填
What a good time they had!“他们玩得多么开心啊！”。
44. My mother told me that I shouldn’t give up
【解析】told动词一般过去时，表示“告诉”；my形容词性物主代词，表示“我的”，that引导宾
语从句，无实际意义；me人称代词宾格，表示“我”；give动词，表示“给”；mother名词，表
示“妈妈”；I人称代词主格，表示“我”；up副词，表示“向上”；shouldn’t情态动词，表示
“不应该”。原句表示“我的妈妈告诉我不应该放弃”，固定搭配give up表示“放弃”，位于句
首的单词首字母要大写，可知，空格处填My mother told me that I shouldn’t give up。故答案为My
mother told me that I shouldn’t give up。
45. People use washing machines to wash clothes at home
【解析】根据结尾的句号可知，句子是陈述句，时态是一般现在时，people“人们”作主语；动词
use“使用”作谓语，use sth to do sth“使用某物做某事”；washing machines“洗衣机”作宾语；不定
式to wash clothes“洗衣服”作宾补，介词短语at home“在家”，故填People use washing machines to
wash clothes at home“人们在家里用洗衣机洗衣服”。
46. Pass the red pen to me
【解析】pass sth to sb把某物递给某人；the red pen红笔，代替sth；me我，在to后做宾语；句中缺
少主语，用动词原形开头构成祈使句。故答案为：Pass the red pen to me“把红笔递给我”。
47. I have kept it for about two months
【解析】根据所给词以及标点可知，句子是肯定句，且句子是现在完成时；主语是I；谓语是have
kept；宾语是it；for about two months“大约两个月”，时间段，放句尾。故填I have kept it for about
two months“我已经保存了大约两个月”。
48. Children do not know how to have some fun
【解析】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句形式。分析所给单词，Children“孩子们”作主语；do not
know“不知道”作谓语； how to have some fun“如何获得乐趣”作宾语，其中have fun“玩得开心”
为固定搭配。故填：Children do not know how to have some fun“孩子们不知道怎么找点乐子”。
49. They aren’t my dictionaries
【解析】根据所给词以及标点可知，句子是陈述句，主语是they，谓语是aren’t，表语是my
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dictionaries“我的字典”。故填They aren’t my dictionaries“它们不是我的字典”。
50. Good morning Thank you And you I’m OK/fine
【解析】1. 根据题意，将上下两格连接起来，Good和 morning 相连表达“早上好”，是生活中一
常用语，用于打招呼，故答案为Good morning。
2. 根据题意，将上下两格连接起来，Thank和 you 相连表达“谢谢”，是生活中一常用语，用于
感谢他人，故答案为Thank you。
3. 根据题意，将上下两格连接起来，And 和you相连，是生活中一常用语，用于反问别人刚问的
问题，故答案为And you。
4. 根据题意，将上下两格连接起来，I'm 和OK或fine 相连表达“我很好”，是生活中的一常用语，
用于回答别人关心自己怎么样，故答案为I’m OK/fine。
51. Could you please take out the rubbish
【解析】根据所给单词以及标点符号可知，此句是“Could you please”开头的疑问句，表示委婉请
求。“Could you please”后接动词原形，take out“拿出”；the rubbish“垃圾”，作宾语。故填Could
you please take out the rubbish“请你把垃圾拿出去好吗”。
52. Tom doesn’t have a ruler.
【解析】句意：Tom 没有一把尺子。根据标点提示及句子中的doesn’t，可知这里是否定句，故填
Tom doesn’t have a ruler.
53. The Internet makes our life more colourful
【解析】根据标点可知应是陈述句。主语是the Internet，谓语动词是makes，宾语是our life，宾语
补足语是more colourful。故填The Internet makes our life more colourful“互联网使我们的生活更加丰
富多彩”。
54. You will feel worse unless you solve it
【解析】由标点及所给单词可知，此句是unless引导的条件状语从句；you作主从句主语，will为
助动词，后接动词原形feel，will feel为主句谓语，worse是形容词比较级，作主句的表语；solve作
从句的谓语，后接宾语it。故填You will feel worse unless you solve it“除非你解决它，否则你会感觉
更糟”。
55. We have black shoes for only $30
【解析】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句形式，分析所给单词，we作主语，have作谓语，black修饰
shoes位于其前，“for+金钱”表示价格，only可修饰金钱。故答案为：We have black shoes for only
$30“我们有黑色的鞋子，只要30美元”。
56. Are you ready for school
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【解析】根据所给单词分析句意可知，此处是一般疑问句，系动词are置于句首，you作主语，
ready作表语，后用介词for搭配，school作for的宾语。故答案为：Are you ready for school“你准备
好上学了吗”。
57. She spends a lot of money
【解析】句意：她花了很多钱。确定主语：she；谓语：spends；宾语：money；定语：a lot of，故
填She spends a lot of money“她花了很多钱”。
58. Students should take an active part in class activities
【解析】students“学生”，作主语；should“应该”，情态动词；take an active part in“积极参加”，
作谓语；class activities“班级活动”，作宾语。故填Students should take an active part in class
activities“学生应该积极参加班级活动”。
59. How dangerous the kitchen is
【解析】根据标点及所给单词可知，该句为How引导的感叹句，其结构为“How+形容词+主谓”。
dangerous“危险的”，形容词；the kitchen作主语；is作谓语。故填How dangerous the kitchen is“厨
房多么危险啊”。
60. Are those your keys
【解析】根据标点提示可知，本句是疑问句，分析所给单词，be动词are放句首，those作主语，
your keys作表语。故填Are those your keys“那些是你的钥匙吗”。
四、
61. Did stay
【解析】句意：大部分时间我都待在家里看书放松。原句是一般过去时，变成疑问句要用助动词
did，且要把助动词放在句首，后接动词原形，故填Did；stay。
62. larger than
【解析】句意：重庆大约有2800万人口。天津大约有1400万人口。根据题干可知，本题考查形容
词比较级的用法，修饰人口的多少要用形容词large或small，改写后的句子意思为“重庆的人口比
天津的人口多。”因此这里应用large的比较级larger，再用than“比”连接对比的成分；故填
larger；than。
63. doesn’t do
【解析】句意：大卫周末和朋友们一起做运动。原句是一般现在时态，主语David是第三人称单数，
谓语动词does是实义动词，变成否定句时，应用助动词doesn’t，实义动词does变为原形do。故填
doesn’t；do。
64. The floor hasn’t been cleaned by them.
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【解析】句意：他们还没有打扫地板。改为被动句，即地板还没有被他们打扫，现在完成时的被动
语态，且为否定句，结构是haven’t/hasn’t been done。主语the floor是第三人称单数，故用hasn’t。
故填The floor hasn’t been cleaned by them.
65. are women
【解析】句意：她是一个年轻的女人。改为复数句时，主语They是人称复数，应用be动词are，
woman改为其复数形式women。故填are；women。
66. will not
【解析】句意：这个暑假我要去法国。原句含有助动词will，改为否定句在后面加not。故填will；
not。
67. don’t like
【解析】They like swimming. (变为否定句)根据like是实意动词，且主语为第三人称复数，变否定
句在动词前加don’t，谓语动词用原形；故填 don’t like。
68. has he
【解析】句意：他从来没听说过这种奇怪的事。分析句子可知，句子时态为现在完成时，He’s是
He has的缩写，has为助动词；never“从不”，表否定；根据反义疑问句的特点，前面否定，后面肯
定，所以后句用肯定形式。故填has；he。
69. Does do Yes do No doesn’t doesn’t do
【解析】句意：吉姆每天在学校做作业。根据题干可知原句是带有实义动词“do”的陈述句，改为
一般疑问句借助助动词do或does。因主语是单数第三人称形式。故用does，谓语动词用原形。故
变成一般疑问是Does Jack do his homework at school every day？肯定回答是Yes，he does。变成否定
句，同样借助助动词does，在后面加上not，谓语动词用原形。否定句是Jack doesn't do his
homework at school every day。故答案为Does；do；Yes；do；No；doesn’t；doesn’t；do。
70. Do walk Yes they do
【解析】句意：他们晚饭后在公园散步。原句是一般现在时，谓语动词是动词原形walk，一般疑问
句用助动词do，句首首字母大写，其后动词用原形，主语是they，肯定回答用“Yes, they do.”。故
填Do；walk；Yes；they；do。
71. Can can can’t
【解析】句意：我能看见地板上有一只猫。含有情态动词can的陈述句变一般疑问句时，直接把情
态动词can提前，肯定回答为Yes, …can.否定答语为No, …can’t.故答案为(1). Can (2). can (3).
can’t 。
72. Does have
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【解析】句意：蒂姆的房间里有一台电视。根据“has”可知变疑问句时借助助动词does，后加动词
原形have。故填Does；have。
73. Have told I have
【解析】句意：我已经告诉他们这个好消息了。一般疑问句将助动词have提到句首，肯定回答将
疑问句中的第二人称you改为第一人称I，故填Have；told；I；have。
74. is cutting
【解析】句意：村民每天砍一棵树。根据now可知，改写后的句子用现在进行时be doing的结构，
主语villager是单数形式，助动词用is，cut的现在分词是cutting，故填is cutting。
75. Does have
【解析】句意：Alan有一个篮球。根据“has”可知变疑问句时借助助动词does，放句首首字母大写，
其后加动词原形。故填Does；have。
76. doesn’t have
【解析】句意：约翰有一个飞机模型。原句用一般现在时，动词是实义动词，否定要加助动词，主
语是单数名词，助动词用does，与not缩写成doesn’t，原句中的动词变成原形，故填doesn’t have。
77. hasn't built
【解析】句意：为了满足人们的需要，政府建立了更多的停车场。原句是现在完成时，否定句在助
动词has后加not， has not＝hasn't，故填hasn't；built。
78. Students should not be allowed to do homework with friends
【解析】句意：应该允许学生和朋友一起做作业。根据题意是变成否定句，should“应该”，是情态
动词，后加动词原形，变成否定句在情态动词后直接加not。此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，故
答案为：Students should not be allowed to do homework with friends。
79. Will be
【解析】句意：在未来将会有更少的汽车。原句是一般将来时，含有助动词will，变一般疑问句时
will提前位于句首并大写，will后接动词原形，所以用be。故填①Will；②be。
80. isn’t he
【解析】句意：那个高个子一定是吉姆的叔叔。在陈述句中，若must表示推测时，反意疑问句要
根据must后的动词采用相应的形式。must后为be，且主语为the tall man，故填isn't he。
五、
81. your hers
【解析】句意：——这是你的手表吗？——不，不是。这是她的。第一个空使用形容词性物主代词
your“你的”修饰名词watch；第二个空后无名词，使用名词性物主代词hers“她的”，此处指her
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watch“她的手表”。故填your；hers。
82. discovered
【解析】句意：我相信将来会发现越来越多的新东西。discover“发现”，是动词。此句主语和动词
discover之间是被动关系，动词应用过去分词，故填discovered。
83. men
【解析】句意：那边的人来自日本。根据“are”可知此处主语应是复数，考查应填man的复数形式
men。故填men。
84. parents’
【解析】句意：它们是我的父母的电脑。根据“They”及所给词可知，应是指“父母双方的”电脑，
用parents的所有格形式，故填parents’。
85. funny
【解析】句意：多么可笑的电影啊！fun乐趣，名词；funny滑稽可笑的，形容词。分析句子，空处
应填形容词作定语修饰名词movie，其对应的形容词是funny“滑稽可笑的”。故填funny。
86. is
【解析】句意：周末有一个花展。此句是There be句型，主语a flower show是单数，所以be动词
用is。故填is。
87. chatting
【解析】句意：你永远也想不到我们在一起聊天的乐趣。chat聊天；分析句子可知，have fun doing
sth.是固定短语，表示“做某事有乐趣”，故填chatting。
88. bodies
【解析】句意：他们很少生病，因为他们有强壮的身体。主语是“they”，此处名词应用复数形式作
宾语，故填bodies。
89. choice
【解析】句意：除了依靠我们自己，我们别无选择。have no choice but to do sth.“除了做某事别无选
择”，空处应该用名词形式。故填choice。
90. fool
【解析】句意：本尼想愚弄黛西。foolish“愚蠢的”为形容词，根据“wants to...”可知，空处应用动
词原形。foolish的动词形式为fool“愚弄”。故填fool。
91. wasn’t washing
【解析】句意：格林太太昨天这个时候没有洗衣服。根据“at this time yesterday”，可知“昨晚这个
时候”是过去的某一时刻，由此推断本句时态为过去进行时，其结构为“主语+ was/were+
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doing”，“wash”的现在分词为“washing”，本句主语为第三人称单数“Mrs Green”，所以助动词用
“was”，其否定形式为“wasn’t”，故填wasn’t washing。
92. watching
【解析】句意：为了提高你的英语水平，看英文电影是个好办法。
“watch”看，动词，此处应用其动名词形式watching在句中作主语，即看英文电影是个好办法。故
答案为watching。
93. to eat
【解析】句意：我希望在端午节吃粽子。wish to do sth“希望做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故填to
eat。
94. swimming
【解析】句意：我们今天下午去游泳好吗？固定短语go swimming“去游泳”。故填swimming。
95. myself
【解析】句意：我知道我会对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。say to oneself“对自己说”，主语
是I，故填myself。
96. Are
【解析】句意：我这条街上有书店吗？此处描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“bookshops”为复
数，be动词应用are，放句首首字母要大写。故填Are。
97. else’s
【解析】句意：这个手机不是我的，它可能是别人的。根据“The mobile phone is not mine”可知，
这里表示的是“别人的”，所以用somebody else的名词所有格形式somebody else’s，故填else’s。
98. well
【解析】句意：他很清楚去医院的路。此处修饰动词knows用副词well“好”。故填well。
99. learning
【解析】句意：他学英语有困难。have trouble in doing sth.“做某事有困难”，故填learning。
100. to go
【解析】句意：这个星期天你计划去哪里？plan to do sth计划做某事，固定短语，故填to go。
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