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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．pyramid n．金字塔
2．canal n．运河
3．tropical adj.来自热带的；产于热带的
4．cyclone n．气旋；旋风
5．megadrought n．超级干旱
6．downfall n．衰败
7．getaway n．逃跑，逃走
8．subdue v．克制，抑制(情绪)
9．the unknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方
10．uncharted adj.地图上没有标明的
11．delve v．探索，探究
12．shipwreck n．失事的船；沉船
13．archaeological adj.考古学的；考古的
14．coral n．珊瑚
15．millimetre n．毫米
16．barreleye n．管眼鱼
17．upwards adv.向上，朝上
18．trench n．海沟
19．equivalent adj.等同的；等值的；相当的
20．stack v．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起
21．furthermore adv.此外；而且；不仅如此
22．vessel n．船；舰
23．vol(＝volume) n．(书的)卷，册
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
2．bury v．将……埋在下面
3．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟
4．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定
5．retreat v．后退；离开；退避
6．shrink v．退缩，畏缩
7．substance n．物质
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．civilisation n．文明(社会)→civilise v．使文明；使有教养→civilised adj.文明的
2．astronomy n．天文学→astronaut n．宇航员
3．abandon v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的
4．expansion n．扩大；增加→expand v．扩大；增加
5．investigation n．调查→investigate v．调查；研究
6．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→note v．注意；特别提到
7．drilling n．钻探；勘探→drill v．钻孔；打眼；操练
1．glamorous /'ɡlæmərəs/ adj.有魅力的；富于刺激的；独特的
2．analytical /ˌænə'lItIkl/ adj.(科学)分析的；头脑周密的
3．signature /'sIɡnətʃə(r)/ n．签名；签署；明显特征
4．enforcement /In'fɔːsmənt/ n．(强制)执行；强迫
5．discard /dIs'kɑːd/ vt.扔掉；抛弃
6．exceedingly /Ik'siːdIŋli/ adv.极其；非常
7．relentless /rI'lentləs/ adj.不停的；不放弃的；无情的
8．retrieve /rI'triːv/ vt.取回；索回；检索(数据)
9．shove /ʃʌv/ vi.& vt.猛推；推挤
shove (sth) through将某物用力塞进
10．conceal /kən'siːl/ vt.隐瞒；掩盖
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落
2．make a getaway逃跑，逃走
3．run for one’s life 逃命
4．check out调查，检查
5．test the waters试水，试探6．steer clear of避开……；从……处脱身
7．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
8．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去
9．think twice再三考虑，慎重考虑
10．shrink from避免做，不愿做
11．look into调查(问题)
12．correspond to与……相符/一致
13．apply...to... 把……应用于……
14．on top of除……之外(还)
15．at something’s peak达到顶峰
16．offer a window into提供了解……的一个窗口/渠道
17．beyond the reach of超出……的能力范围
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，people and
objects and others representing syllables.(with复合结构)
它包含800多个字符，一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些符号代表音节。
2．The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the
more incredible and mysterious.(that引导同位语从句)
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得它的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
3．Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own
past，present and future.(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。
4．Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.(完全倒装)
全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。
5．Furthermore，the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources，some of which are
completely new to us.(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。
While diving in the deep waters of a trench，some divers happened to find a whole city
1.____________(bury) beneath the waves as well as a shipwreck 2.__________ was full of
corals.This 3.__________(discover) intrigued some archaeologists.They 4.____(immediate)
threw themselves into studying the history of the city and 5.____________ it fell into ruin.In
the middle of the investigation，they suddenly found some 6.____________(mystery) creatures
swimming around them.They subdued their fear and 7.____________(continue) their
investigation.But with the expansion of the number of these strange creatures，they realized a
notable problem—8.________ was not safe to continue staying in the water.After thinking9.____________(two)，they decided to stop 10.____________(delve) deeper and abandon the
city as well as the ship，retreat and make a getaway.After all，life is the most important.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
bury v．把……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
be buried in专心于；被埋在……
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩
面
(1)那个小女孩双手掩面，大声地对全班同学叫道：“没人爱我。”
①That little girl _____________ and said loud enough for the class to hear，“Nobody loves
me.”
②____________________________ ， that little girl said loud enough for the class to
hear，“Nobody loves me.”(用分词短语作状语改写)
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
①I __________________________________ and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.
②_____________________，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用分词短语作状语改写)
ruin n．毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟；断壁残垣 v．毁坏；使破产
·in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉
come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
·ruin oneself毁掉自己
(1)Carl cares about nothing and he doesn’t dismiss that he has made the farm fall ________
ruin.
(2)突如其来的地震把我们的城市毁了。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，痛哭起
来。
The unexpected earthquake ______________________.________________________ ， we
buried our faces in our hands，bursting into tears.
(3)玩电脑游戏太久几乎毁了我自己，我已经下定决心要摆脱它。
Playing computer games for too long _____________ and I have made up my mind to get rid of it.
abandon v．放弃；遗弃，抛弃，离弃；逃离；(使)沉湎于 n．放任；放纵(abandoned
adj.被抛弃的；废弃的；放纵的)
·abandon oneself to陷入；沉溺于abandon doing...放弃做……
·with abandon尽情地，放纵地
·be abandoned to沉湎于……
(1)His parents urged him to abandon ____________(play) computer games and throw himself
into his lessons.
(2)(读后续写之情感描写)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。
________________________________________________，forgetting the troubles in our lives.
(3)我沉迷于网上聊天。我期末考试考得很差。
①__________________________________.I performed badly in the end-of-term examination.
②_______________，I performed badly in the end-of-term examination.(用分词短语作状语改
写)
set out 出发；动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
set down放下；记下；登记；让……下车
set aside留出；把……放置一旁；暂时不考虑；撤销
set off出发；引起；点燃
set up建立；准备；安排
set about doing sth着手做某事
set out to do sth着手做某事
(1)Moreover，with the stadium set ____________，a wide range of sports events are able to be
held.
(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)我们学校呼吁学生每天留出至少一小时的时间去锻炼身体以提高
学习效率。
Our school appeals to the students ________________________ every day to take exercise in order
to improve learning efficiency.
(3)(应用文写作之口头通知)请注意！我们将于周日上午8点在学校门口出发去养老院，一到
那里，我们就打算着手帮助老人。此外，在下午5点，我们计划回到我们的学校，写下我们
在一天中所经历的事情。
Attention，please！We’ll ________________ at 8 am on Sunday at the school gate and the
instant we arrive there，we have the intention of ____________________________________ the
elderly.Futhermore，at 5 pm we plan to return to our school，____________ what we have
experienced during the day.
完全倒装 Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million
shipwrecks.全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。常用完全倒装的几种情况：
·作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；
·表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；
·表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；
·代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。
(1)When I was looking at the door，in ____________(come) a girl，wearing a white skirt.
(2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)In the spiderwebs ____________(be) a hummingbird，struggling
to escape and I freed it with great care.
(3)在这些收藏品中有一些精美的中国花瓶，吸引着来自全世界的游客。
_____________________________，which appeal to visitors from all over the world.
(4)(话题写作之人物介绍)这就是我的叔叔，一个热心而慷慨的人，他总是准备帮助在困难中
的其他人。
____________，a warm-hearted and generous person，who is always ready to help others in
trouble.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．check out
A．调查；了解……的情况 B．检查 C．结账离开
(1)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use.________
(2)According to regulations of this hotel ， guests should check out of their rooms by
noon.________
(3)We’ll have to check him out before we employ him.________
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)My sweater shrank in the wash.____________________
(2)Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher.____________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．To everyone’s frustration and sorrow，the terrible earthquake made the whole city
_______ ruins.
2．Lying on the floor ____________(be) two boys dismissed as dishonest owing to being
suspected of theft.
3．The police have interfered with the complaint，and now they are looking ____________ it
in the hope of solving it soon.
4．____________(bury) in the newspaper，she didn’t notice a thief steal her purse.5．____________(abandon) himself to alcohol，the man barely made ends meet and went
into debt.
6.Thereby，don’t leave the water ____________(run) when you brush your teeth，which can
save much water.
7．Despite being dizzy，the hard-working chairwoman still set out ____________(write) a
sales report.
假如你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你向来自美国的交换生介绍恐龙灭绝的原因。对于恐
龙灭绝的原因，众说纷纭，其中有三种说法最为可信，它们是气候突变、大陆漂移和物种斗
争。
完成句子
1．在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同观点中有三个较可靠的观点。(完全倒装)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2．地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被活活冻死。(bring...to ruin)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3．根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。(set
down；what引导的宾语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4．新物种——恐龙的天敌——出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙无法繁殖后代。
(with abandon；现在分词短语作状语)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5．随着时间的流逝，恐龙的尸体被埋在地下，成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产
生和从地球上消失的。(with复合结构；bury；so that)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________教材语料整合
[动作描写] abandon；run for one’s life；make a getaway；subdue；steer clear of；
retreat；set out；throw oneself into；look into；shrink
亮词
[环境描写] pyramid；canal；megadrought；ruin；the unknown；uncharted；coral；
trench；vessel
1.The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.(情
感描写)
美句
2．In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are
extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.(比喻句)
拓展语料积累 主题语境结尾升华技巧：成长类
写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，
成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如
下：
As the old saying goes，it’s never too late to learn.Each individual has access to
诀窍一：
more challenges and make more progress through great efforts.正如那句老话所
因学习知
说，活到老，学到老。每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得更大的
识而成长
进步。
诀窍二：
Only by finding your own talent and making more efforts can you make miracles in
因发现天
the end.只有找到自己的天赋，付出更多的努力，你才能最终创造奇迹。
赋而成长
诀窍三： Only if we are brave enough to pursue our dreams can we realize what we are
因追求梦 looking forward to.只有我们勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期
想而成长 待的。
诀窍四：
It takes determination and optimism to conquer our inner fear and turn our goals into
因克服恐
reality.要克服我们内心的恐惧，把我们的目标变成现实，就需要决心和乐观。
惧而成长
I cracked a smile as I was finally aware of the real source of confidence.At present，
诀窍五：
I take pride of what I like because I have realized that it is your personality that
因克服自
determines who you truly are.我笑了，因为我终于意识到自信的真正来源。现
卑而成长
在，我为我喜欢的东西感到骄傲，因为我意识到，是你的个性决定了你是谁。
Never is the journey to success smooth.It is filled with challenges and difficulties.We
诀窍六：
ought to be courageous enough to face them.As long as we don’t quit and spare no
因战胜困
effort to get over hardships，we will definitely achieve our ambitions.成功之路无
难而成长
坦途。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。
I can’t emphasize the importance of a positive attitude too much.Neither can we
诀窍七：
change our past nor can we change facts.But what we can do is hold a positive
因战胜消
attitude.我再怎么强调积极态度的重要性也不为过。我们既不能改变过去，也
极而成长
不能改变事实。但我们能做的就是保持积极的态度。
语料运用 深海探险
I have been throwing myself into reading awesome undersea adventure stories，dreaming of
becoming a deep-sea explorer.Once the main characters came across difficulties，neither would
they retreat ①____________________________________(倒装句)．Instead，they tried their
best to look into the mysterious deep sea.In no way would they
②________________________.Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives，they wouldn’t
retreat.From the stories，③____________________________________________We ought to be
courageous enough to face
them.④________________________________________________________(主题升华句)．I
believe that with strong determination I can become a deep-sea explorer.
我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。一旦主人公们遇
到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。
他们绝不会放弃探索多彩的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。从这些故事
中，我知道通往成功的道路永远不会平坦。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该勇敢地面对它们。
只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。我相信，有了坚定的
决心，我可以成为一名深海探险家。
