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选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
Argentinians aren’t known for helping strangers，but young people are leading the way in
tough times.
There are thousands of people living on the streets across the capital ，and 43% of the
country’s population lives in poverty.It’s a reflection of the terrible economic crisis and sky-
high inflation(通货膨胀) that’s enveloping the country.Some 600 volunteers are working to fill
the void(空白) where government services and the labor market are falling short.These volunteers
may not be well off，but they offer whatever they can to lift their neighbors up：a hand，a meal，
or simply some of their time.
Generosity of time and affection is generally reserved for family and close friends in
Argentina.But there are significant increases in volunteering in times of the greatest crisis.
Researchers found a correlation between volunteering and general satisfaction.Some 23% of
respondents who said they volunteered last year indicated Argentina as the best place for them to
live，compared to only 14% of non-volunteers.
Carmela Pavesi，an organizer in her mid-20s said，“You don’t need a lot of money or a
lot of things，” she said.“With the people you have nearby，wherever you are，you can do
something with what you have.”
“Today there are more people living on the streets，more people in need，more people
begging for money or help，” said Eduardo Donza，a researcher with the Social Debt
Observatory at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Argentina.“If we don’t generate more
wealth，if we can’t create more good jobs，we’re never going to come out of this.”
The crisis itself pushes people together，uniting in empathy(共鸣)．“Volunteering can’t
solve these wider issues on its own.But it seems to me like solidarity has increased.That
willingness to help matters，” he added.
1．What do we know about the Argentinians mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．They are unwilling to help the poor.
B．They are applying to be volunteers.
C．They are going through hardships.
D．They are leaving their hometown.
2．What can be learnt about volunteering from the respondents?
A．It mainly involves the students. B．It brings about life satisfaction.
C．It makes people wealthier. D．It costs a great deal.3．What does the underlined word “solidarity” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Inflation. B．Satisfaction. C．Wealth. D．Unity.
B
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植)．Deveza wanted to
donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same
health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan.In 2017，she started the world’s first paired exchange
of different organs between living donors，exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s
kidney.A case study of the organ exchange has now been published，and the surgeons who were
involved are calling for more exchanges like this.“You can imagine the enormous impact for
mixed organ extended chains，” says John Roberts，a surgeon at University of California，San
Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died ，but there are never enough
organs.As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys，people with kidney failure are
increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends.If someone wants to donate but their
immune(免疫的) system is unsuited，doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who
can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains，she came across research describing the idea of
trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver.She
suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts，who saw the idea’s
potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver.It then took 18
months to find Annie Simmons，in Idaho，whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for
her sister with severe liver disease.They drew up a plan：Simmons would donate a kidney to
Deveza’s mother，and in return，Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister.The
hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the
same.Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra
living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4．What did Deveza do to save her mother?
A．Carrying out a case study. B．Calling for kidney donations.
C．Launching a medical experiment. D．Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Patients’ desperation to survive. B．Several sources of organ donation.
C．Current situation of organ transplants. D．Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6．What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons?
A．It discouraged organ donation. B．It brought two families together.C．It met with widespread approval. D．It produced a desirable outcome.
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．My Liver，Your Kidney
B．Mother’s Love，Our Happiness
C．Organ Transplant：Blessing for Patients
D．Organ Exchange：Major Medical Advances
C
School is important for children and parents everywhere，and there are a lot who take the
education of youth very seriously.Parents want their children to succeed，and a lot of children
want to do well in school.A new study，which was done by Brigham Young University，has found
that students perform better in school if they go on more cultural field trips.
Field trips have always been seen as fun for students，and they look forward to their chances
to get out of the classroom and go somewhere fun.But field trips can be difficult for teachers to
plan，because they need to make sure that there is learning and value included.Some have argued
about the worth of field trips，and whether they are worth a student missing a whole day out of
school.
However，Heidi Erickson，one of the researchers in the study，stated that there is no harm
in taking students out of the classroom，even for multiple days throughout the year，as long as
they are learning and in an appropriate space.The study had 4th- and 5th-grade students from 15
schools take part in this study.They went on three cultural field trips during the school year，to an
art museum，a live theater performance，and a classical concert.Then the researchers looked at
their school year compared to students who did not take part and this is where they saw the
difference.
The study found that students who went on multiple field trips a year had higher test scores，
performed better in class and had a greater cultural responsibility over time when compared to
students who did not go on as many field trips.
Although there has been a remarkable decrease in the number of field trips due to various
reasons，this new study is showing the true value of field trips ，especially when they are
considered “cultural”．
8．Why is it hard for teachers to plan field trips?
A．Teachers are concerned about the price.
B．Teachers don’t believe in the worth of field trips.
C．Students have to miss a whole day out of school.
D．Teachers have to ensure students’ meaningful experiences.
9．What is Heidi Erickson’s attitude to cultural field trips?
A．Skeptical. B．Favorable. C．Concerned. D．Tolerant.
10．How did the researchers draw the conclusion?A．By asking students questions. B．By taking field trips themselves.
C．By doing surveys among teachers. D．By comparing different groups of students.
11．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Cultural field trips improve students’ grades.
B．Students perform better in an appropriate space.
C．Why cultural field trips are popular with students.
D．Why the number of students’ field trips is dropping.
Ⅱ.七选五
Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe
impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change. 1
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of
the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight
climate change. 2 They include limited political support ， lack of money ， weak
organizational structures ， and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million
hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years
ago. 3
First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean
in western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 4 It could also reduce levels of
climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide
from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
5 Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing
5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan
have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification
agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal
of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A．But the project faces many problems.
B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.
C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.
D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.
E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.
F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than any
other continent.
