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1. hard-working “勤勉的，努力工作的"
作定语 work hard 动副结构短语
2. be patient with sb. “对某人有耐心“
3. take (one’s) time to do sth. “花费时间做某事” It takes sb. some time to do sth. =sb.
spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth. “做某事需花费……时间”
4. like doing sth. “喜欢做某事”（表喜欢、爱好某种经常的或习惯性的活动） like to
do sth. “喜欢去做”（表喜欢、爱好某种特定的或具体的活动）Eg. I like visiting friends on
Sundays and I like to visit Tom this Sunday. like sb. to do sth.“喜欢某人做某事” Eg. We all
like him to play the guitar like 介词 Eg. She looks like her father.
5. with a. 同，与，和 talk with a friend
b. 用（工具、手段） cut meat with a knife c. 在……身边（随身携带） Do you have any
money with you? Take an umbrella with you? d. 以……，带着…… She often talks with smile.
6. always 频率副词 “总是” be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前 Eg. Our
teacher is always kind to us.“一直；（将）永远；老是（用于进行时）”Eg. I will always
remember your words.She is always moving things around.He has always been the
tutor.always>usually>often
7. probably adv. “大概；很可能”；adj. “可能的，大概”Eg. I’ll probably be a doctor in
the future.It is probable to finish the job before dark.
8. in the world 世界上all over the world = throughout the world 全世界
9. never adv.是 ever 的否定形式，用于加强否定语气。 位于be动词或助动词后，行
为动词前；语气比not强。反义词alwaysnot adv. “没有，不”——表示否定，用在助动词
或情态动词后 no adv. adj. “没有的；不许的；一点也没有；不”——用于否定回答
nothing 不定代词 “没有动词；没有事情”Eg.We never use it.I don’t know.It’s no use
doing it.I have nothing for you.
10. as well 副词短语，位于句尾，有时与连词and或but搭配使用。 “也，又，还有，
同样的” 同义词：also, too
Eg. He speaks English and Spanish as well
= He speaks English and he speaks Spanish, too.
= He speaks English and he also speaks Spanish.
He is a worker and a poet as well. too adv. ——一般位于句尾或插入语放在句中，只用于肯
定句，口语中与also通用also adv. ——用在句中，一般放在be动词或助动词之后，行为
动词之前as well as 用作介词 “还有，不但……而且……”在A as well as B 的结构中，语
意重点在A,不在B。 Eg. He thinks the other way is better. I do, too. He also
likes English. = He likes English, too. He can speak Spanish as well as English.
11. take care of = look after 照顾，照看
12. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人 miss 用作动词时，还有“漏掉，错过（机会）；丢
掉”
13. to make me laugh 来使我笑make fun of = laugh at 取笑……，嘲弄……
14. make a study of = studymake sb./sth. +形容词（作宾补），“使……怎么样”Eg.It made
me happy. We are doing our best to make our country more beautiful.make sb. do sth. 使某人
做某事Eg. His jokes made us all laugh.
15. be good at 擅长……= do well in 在某方面做的好 反义表达：be poor atEg. He
is good at Japanese. = He does well in Japanese. They are very good at playing football. = They
do very well in playing football.16. remain 作系动词后接名词或形容词 “一直保持，仍然（处于某种状态）”
17. be full of 充满…… 与 be filled withThe basket is filled with apples.= The basket is full
of apples.
18. be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in
sth./doing sth. 在（做）某事上要求严格 Eg. Our teacher is always strict with us.We must be
strict about this problem.Our teacher is very strict in her work
19. support 不可数名词 “支持”Eg. Please give me some support.I want to get some
support from my friends.
20. give up 动副短语 “放弃” 不可带宾语 可跟名词或动名词作宾
语Eg. The problem is too difficult. I shall give it up. He has given up smoking. = He has stopped
smoking.
21. successful adj. “成功的” success — n. succeed — v.Eg. His operation is
very successful.He is a successful businessman.Nothing succeeds like success. 一事成功，事事
顺利。
22. phone sb. = call sb. “打电话”
23. ask about sth.(sb.) “询问有关某事（或某人）的情况”ask after sb. “问候某人（的健
康）”ask for sth. “要求得到某物或要求与某人见面”ask to do sth. “要求或请求做某
事”ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”Eg. They all ask after you.He asked for some water.Mr
Smith is asking for you.They asked me for help.He asked her for her address.He asked to go with
us.He asked us to wait for him at the gate.
24. take notes = make notes“做笔记，做记录”note与take 构成固定搭配必须用复数形式
