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第17讲 –介词和介词短语(练)
时间 ：50分钟 满分：50分
姓名________________ 得数___________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空（每个1分，共25分）
1. 【2021·浙江1月高考】The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI（Body Mass Index
体重指数） increased __________ 2. 1 in women and men.
【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by
表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符
合语境，故填by。
2. 【2021·八省 1 月联考】Like many other students, you may have various people, _______(include) family
members and friends, giving input on your college decision.
【答案】including
【解析】考查介词。像许多其他学生一样，你可能会有各种各样的人，包括家庭成员和朋友，为你的大学
决定提供意见。结合句意表示“包含……在内”，后跟名词family members and friends作宾语，应用介词
including。故填including。
3. [2019·上海卷]And of course man has also had a negative impact ______ using engine-powered fishing boats
near the turtles' nesting grounds.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。而且海龟巢穴附近，有动力的捕鱼船也带来了负面影响。可知，此处只表达一种方式，
表示“通过”。用介词by。故填by。
4. [2019·上海卷]Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools in favour
______ typing courses.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。像芬兰这样的国家已经放弃了学校里的连体书写课程，取而代之的是打字课
程。此处in favour of 是固定短语，意为：支持，赞成。故填of。
5. 【江苏省苏州市八校联盟 2021 届高三第二次适应性检测】But from Jan 1, 2021, China will make a
sweeping ban 63 ． all imports of solid waste.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：但从 2021年1月1日起，中国将全面禁止所有固体废物的进口。make a ban
on…对……发出禁令，固定搭配。故填on。6. 【江苏省连云港市2021届高三1月适应性演练模拟】It was a pile of special wood burning in an iron grate
that sat in a box of sand on a platform car, which was pushed ahead 43 ． the train. The illuminator did not cast
much light, but it warned of an approaching train.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。句意：那是一堆特殊的木头，在一个铁格栅里燃烧着，铁格栅放在站台车厢的一箱沙
子里，被推到火车前面。结合句意表示“推到……前面”短语为push ahead of。故填of。
7. 【江苏省 2020-2021 学年百校联考高三第二次考试】The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and
processed meat can shorten life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion
（部分）of red meat a day 56 ． fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almost a fifth.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：但《每日电讯报》提供了一个好消息，每天用一份红肉代替鱼或坚果可以将早
死的风险降低近五分之一。exchange…for…是固定搭配，意为“交换”。故填for。
8. 【江苏省南京29中、南菁中学等四校2021届高三12月联考】The expression “a blue moon” has come to
refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is called a blue moon not
because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue (色彩) 61 ． the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is
called a blue moon because it is so rare.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：第二次满月被称为“蓝月亮”，并不是因为它特别蓝，或者与这个月的第一次
满月有任何不同的色调。根据句意以及is different 可知此处使用的是固定短语“be different from”表示
“与……不同”，故填from。
9. 【江苏省南京市六校联合体 2021届高三上学期11月联考】 60 ． the benefits of taking a gap year, some
students worry they can’t afford it. A student, Tom, told the BBC that to him, a gap year was an ‘alien concept’. He
said “it would have been far too expensive and it's not something that I would have been able to rely on my parents
or family members for.” But some experts say that it needn’t burn a hole in your pocket; you don’t need to travel far
and you can even earn money by doing paid work.
【答案】despite
【解析】考查介词。句意：尽管休空档年有其好处，一些学生担心他们负担不起。结合句意表示“尽管”
应用介词despite，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。
10.【江苏省如皋如东丹阳三校2021届高三12月联考】But thousands of tourists’ feet could damage the stones
and the changed air could affect the paintings. The Chinese government has worked with UNESCO to agree 61 ．
a plan to protect the caves. Regretfully , around the world, especially in countries where there is fighting or great
poverty , many wonderful sites are still endangered.
【答案】on
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：中国政府已经与联合国教科文组织达成了一项保护洞穴的计划。固定搭配
agree on sth.（就某事达成一致）。故填on。
11.【江苏省泰州市2021届高三上学期期末】The Ant Forest initiative was launched by the Alipay app in 2016.36 ． about 200 million trees planted on 182,700 hectares of land, it has helped to efficiently avoid almost 7.9
million tons of carbon emissions.
【答案】With
【解析】考查介词。句意：由于大约200，000，000棵树被种植在182,7000公顷的地上，它有效地帮助避
免了几乎790万吨的炭排放。分析句子结构可知，此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，在句中作原因
状语，故填With。
12. 【江苏省天一中学、南京师范大学附属中学、海安中学2021届高三12月联考】The best way to support
Chinese companies is to speak out 42 ． those US politicians. Boycotting US brands such as Apple is not at all
advisable.
【答案】against
【解析】考查介词。句意：支持中国企业的最好方式是公开反对那些美国政客。结合句意表示“公开反
对”可知短语为speak out against。故填against。
13. 【江苏省扬州市 2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试适应性练习】She said, “I knew a student in a
previous school who used to go out and swing in a park between lessons. Currently, what we are doing is bringing
the swing into the school to help build a culture. This leads to better results 61 ． students in terms of both their
wellbeing and academic achievement.”
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：这将为学生带来更好的结果，无论是在他们的幸福和学术成就方面。表示“为
了”应用介词for。表示为学生带来更好的结果。故填for。
14. 【江苏省苏州中学2021届高三上学期调研】Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born
in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about designing complicated toys but
unfortunately, in his twenties, he suffered 43 ． a disease that was impossible to be cured, which was a great
challenge for him.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：小时候，他热衷于设计复杂的玩具，但不幸的是，在他20多岁的时候，他患了
一种无法治愈的疾病，这对他来说是一个巨大的挑战。suffer from表示遭受，是固定短语，故填from。
15. 【2020 届北京市东城区高三二模】As a child growing up 1 ． England, James Reynolds was always
excited by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and
volcanoes, Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth’s most extreme weather events.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：作为一个在英国长大的孩子，James Reynolds总是因雷声感到激动。空后England是地点名词，意为“英国”，所以此处指“在”英国，应填介词in。故填in。
16. 【2020届北京市东城区高三下学期阶段性检测】Sometimes I think adults don’t stop to see things 4 ． a
child’s eyes. He could have blamed me. Instead, he lifted my little soul.
【答案】through
【解析】考查介词。句意：有时，我觉得成年人应该通过孩子的目光去看待事物。结合句意，后面的短语
“a child’s eyes”是用来说明“see things”的方式，即“通过孩子的双眼看待事物”。故填through。
17. 【2020届北京市房山区高三一模】The high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-
host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. Designed with 5G
signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beijing North Railway Station 5 ． 8:30
am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。句意：采用5G信号和无线充电设计，智能列车G8811于上午8点20分从北京北站出
发前往张家口。分析句子可知，此处表示列车从8点20出发，时间点前应用介词at。故填at。
18. 【2020届北京市丰台区高三第二学期综合练习（二)】 Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens
by chance or by means of good luck. Injury, illness, love, and lost moments of true greatness all occur to test the
limits of your soul. 8 ． these small tests, life would be like a straight flat road to nowhere.
【答案】Without
【解析】考查介词。句意：没有这些小的考验，生活就像一条没有尽头的笔直平坦的道路。根据句意，此
处表示“没有”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Without。
19. 【2020届北京市海淀区高三二模】 3 ． the mountain-climbing, we couldn't have had enough time to spend
together because my father was busy.
【答案】Without
【解析】考查介词。句意：没有爬山，我们不可能有足够的时间在一起，因为我的父亲很忙。根据句意以
及句子结构可知，空处填Without，本句为含蓄虚拟语气，有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形
式出现，而是通过一些词或短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有 with, without, but for, otherwise,
or，even, in case of, what if(如果……将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句。故填Without。
20. 【2020届北京市海淀区高三一模】That may explain why more and more young people are choosing to keep
pets 10 ． companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, many scientific studies have shown that keeping a pet
reduces stress and may even improve overall health.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。由语境可知，此处指“为了陪伴”，表目的，所以用介词for。故填for。21. 【2020届北京市门头沟区高三二模】Some of your favourite evening habits may have something to do with
sleeping problems. For example, the light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you 6 ． falling asleep. You
should make your room as dark as possible. What’s more, it’s not good to exercise late at night. Fierce physical
activities raise your body temperature and are bad for a good night’s sleep.
【答案】from
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：闹钟的亮光会阻止你入睡。阻止某人做某事，用固定句型prevent sb from
doing sth。故填from。
22.【2020届北京市昌平区高三二模】Instead, consider sharing it 9 ． people who haven’t read it, or giving
it to your school library so that your classmates can take a look.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：相反，你可以考虑和没有看过它的人分享，或者把它送给学校图书馆，这
样你的同学就可以看一看。根据句意，是短语share sth. with sb. “和某人分享……”。故填with。
23.【2020届北京市朝阳区高三 4月测试】Yusaku Maezawa, the first paying passenger on Space X’s maiden
tourist voyage to the moon in 2023, tweeted a link on Sunday to a website where women can apply to be his
companion 41 ． the week-long space flight.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：前泽友作是2023年SpaceX首次登月旅行的第一位付费乘客，上周日他在推特
上发布了一个链接，该链接指向一个网站，女性可以在网站上申请，成为他为期一周太空之旅的伴侣。根
据the week-long space fligh可知此处要用介词表示“在……之上”。故填on。
24.【2020届北京市朝阳区六校高三4月联考】The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy
and little opportunity 40 ． mental and physical exercise.
【答案】考查介词。句意： 这些动物被关在狭小的空间里，没有私人空间，几乎没有机会进行智力和体
育锻炼。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，再结合句意可知，此处表示目的，意为“去……、为了……”，
故填for。
25. 【2020届北京市大兴一模】Schools like these also tend to charge more 3 ． tuition (学费)and board.
【答案】in / for
【解析】考查介词。句意：这类学校的学费和伙食费往往也更高。表示“在/为……的收费”用介词in/
for。故填in / for。
Ⅱ.单项选择（每个1分，共10分）
1．（2021·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三其他模拟）Some experts think, _____ genes, intelligence also
depend on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.A．instead of B．apart from C．except for D．far from
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：一些专家认为，除了基因，智力还取决于充足的饮食、良好的教育和
良好的家庭环境。A. instead of代替；B. apart from除了；C. except for除了；D. far from远非。根据句意可
知，此处表示“除了”，apart from既表示排除意义，又可以表示补充意义；except for侧重于排除在外，
从整体里减去。根据句意，表示“除了……（还有）”，所以应该用apart from。故选B项。
2．（2021·银川市第六中学高三三模）—I can’t find your sister, where is she?
—She’s gone away ________ the weekend.
A．in B．at C．for D．on
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：——我找不到你姐姐了，她去哪里了？——她已经走了，去度周末了。
A.in在......里； B.at 向，朝;C.for 为了;D.on在......上。根据“ She’s gone away”可知，她已经走了，去度
周末了。for the weekend “ 去度周末”。故选C项。
3．（2021·天津高三二模）After a day of activities, you should be ________ a good meal.
A．in the mood for B．at the point of C．on the edge of D．with the help of
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：经过一天的活动，你应该有心情吃顿好饭。A. in the mood for有情绪
去做；B. at the point of正要；C. on the edge of在...边缘；D. with the help of在...的帮助下。前文说一天活动
之后，所以是有心情吃饭，A项符合句意，故选A项。
4．（2021·天津高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can
be controlled.
A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人
类面部表情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree，关系代词which
在句中指代先行词degree(程度)，表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”，故介词to符合句意。故选C项。
5．（2021·天津高三二模）Taking on this challenge will bring you ______ someone who shares your interests.
A．in exchange for B．in answer to
C．in memory of D．in contact with
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：接受这个挑战会让你接触到和你有共同兴趣的人。A. in exchange for交换，调换；B. in answer to响应，作为对……的回答；C. in memory of纪念；D. in contact with接触，联系。
根据句意及后文“someone who shares your interests”，结合选项可知，此处指“接触到和你有共同兴趣的
人”。故选D项。
6．（2021·天津高三二模）With May Day ________ , we would like to seize this opportunity to enjoy the
beautiful scenery of Mt. Panshan.
A．on the contrary
B．on the corner
C．on the whole
D．on the horizon
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：五一即将到来，我们要抓住这个机会，欣赏盘山的美景。A. on the contrary
正相反；B. on the comer 在拐角处；C. on the whole 总的说来；D. on the horizon 即将来临。根据“ we
would like to seize this opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt. Panshan. ”，可知此处表示五一即将到
来，故选D。
7．（2021·天津高三二模）We'll have to revise our original plan the present situation.
A．in return for B．in view of C．in addition to D．in comparison with
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：考虑到目前的情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。A. in return for作
为…的报答; B. in view of考虑到；C.in addition to 此外；D. in comparison with 与……比较。根据句意可知，
此处应该表示“鉴于，考虑到”。故选B。
8．（2021·天津高三二模）We still haven’t got the sponsor________ the fact that we’ve written to dozens of
companies.
A．regardless of B．in view of C．in spite of D．on account of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们已经给几十家公司写了信，但仍然没有找到赞助商。A.
regardless of不管，不顾；B. in view of由于，鉴于；C. in spite of尽管，虽然；D. on account of由于，为了。
由语意可知，尽管给几十家公司写信，但是依然没有找到赞助商。故选C项。
9．（2021·天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学高三开学考试）________his first win in the International
Mathematical Olympiad, his parents took him to the beach enjoying a totally relaxation, leaving all the math
exercises at home.
A．In honor of B．In possession of C．In charge of D．In celebration of【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了庆祝他第一次在国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获胜，他的父母带他去
海滩享受完全的放松，把所有的数学练习留在家里。A. In honor of为纪念……；B. In possession of占有；
C. In charge of负责；D. In celebration of为庆祝……。根据后文“his first win in the International
Mathematical Olympiad”可知指为庆祝他第一次在国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获胜，应用in celebration of。故
选D。
10．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高二开学考试）In our city, almost everyone is ______ bringing down
the housing price because it is too high for us to buy one.
A．in charge of B．in favor of C．in need of D．in danger of
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在我们城市，几乎每个人都赞成降低房价，因为房价对我们来说太高
了。A.in charge of 负责，主管； B. in favor of支持，赞同； C. in need of 需要；D. in danger of处于......危
险中。由语意可知，这里应是由于房价太高，所以大家都支持降低房价，故选B项。
III．高考试题（每个1分，共15分）
1. 【2020·新课标I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep
craters (环形山)， more so 65 ． the familiar near side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此
处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
2. 【2020·新课标II卷】Bamboo plants are associated 67 ． health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相
联系。故填with。
3.【2020·新课标II卷】Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
4.【2020·新课标III卷】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 ． earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表
示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。5.【2020·山东卷】Museums must compete ___ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短
语:compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
6.【2020·浙江卷】Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived ________ ，through agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行
词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
7.【2020·浙江卷】Farming produced more food per person 58 ． hunting and gathering，so people were able to
raise more children.
【答案】than
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生
产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
8.【2019·新课标 I 卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，
“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用
for。故填of/for。
9.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to
be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
10.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this
question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案
是……”。故填to。
11. 【2019·北京卷·语法填空】First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190countries and regions(地区).
【答案】in
【解析】 in 考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词in。
12. 【2018·全国III】 I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one
had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只
西部低地大猩猩。
13. 【2018·浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your
mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
14.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less
salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart
disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical
community was trying to fight.
【答案】 as
【解析】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填
as。
15.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just
under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and
62.________ work.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
