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主旨大意题——抽取主干细加工
目标导航
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能
力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提
炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归
纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
正确选项特征 干扰选项特征
所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内
1.过于笼统，不知所云
1.涵盖性强，覆 容。
盖全文或全段。 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中
2.确定的范围恰 2.以偏概全，主次不分 的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次
当，既不太大， 要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
也不太小。 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在
3.移花接木，偷换概念
3.精确性强，不 B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
会改变语言表意 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过
的程度及色彩。 4.无中生有，生搬硬套 仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容
毫无联系。
类型一 标题归纳题
一、常见设问方式
·The best title of the passage is ________.
·Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
·What would be the best title for the passage?
·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______.
二、解题必备知能
(一)理解标题的3大特点
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：
1．概括性——准确而又简短；
2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题
1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文
章对照，一一排除不符选项；
3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。[例]
Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is
cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight
budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home,
preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she
explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water,
sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this
food ourselves.”
The eightpart series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money:
Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the
market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each
week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D．Cooking Well for Less
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括文意
本文是一篇新闻报道。《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德新推出了一档节目——Save Money:
Good Food，向观众展示如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A
通过明智的吃来保持健康
文中虽提到有关饮食和健康方面的内容，但这不是文 以偏概全，主次不分
章主要内容。
B 平衡我们的日常饮食
无中生有，生搬硬套
文中没有提到平衡日常饮食。
C
让你自己成为一个完美的厨师
文中只是提到用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜，没有说 以偏概全，主次不分
做一个完美的厨师。
D 用的少，烹饪好 涵盖性强，覆盖全文文章围绕用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜展开的。
[答案] D
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）B篇节选
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to
Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦
鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别
形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适
合作为本文标题。故选D。
类型二 文章大意题
一、常见设问方式
·What's the main idea/point of the passage?
·The passage is mainly about ________.
·The passage is mainly concerned about ________.
·Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
·Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
·In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.
二、解题必备知能掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思
想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题
句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显
主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”
和支撑性细节。
用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的
方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
[例]
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming
and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups
developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years
ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too
became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the
nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications
in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,
Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000;
Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over
800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are
spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly
speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan
Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems
to have much chance of survival.
31．What is the main idea of the text?
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括文意
文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A 新语言将会被创造。
移花接木，偷换概念
文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。
B 人们的生活方式会反映到语言上。
无中生有，生搬硬套
文中没有这种说法。
C 人类的发展导致语言越来越少。
文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及现在很 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
多语言面临消亡的威胁这一现象。
D 地理决定语言的发展。
无中生有，生搬硬套
文中没有这种说法。
[答案] C
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）C篇节选
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段
“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.(这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton
对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An
unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
类型三 段落大意题
一、常见设问方式
·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...?
·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.
·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1?
·What is the first paragraph mainly about?
二、解题必备知能
归纳段落大意的2种方法
方法1：概括段落大意
要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就
在段首；
(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；
(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；
(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几
乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；
(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处
分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；
(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
方法2：揣摩段落大意
有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力
与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
[例]
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer
to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four
wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight
minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23gallon tank
of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
…
28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The basic data of the Transition.
B．The advantages of flying cars.
C．The potential market for flying cars.D．The designers of the Transition.
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括段意
该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车the Transition的相关情况：
①制造商：Terrafugia Inc.
②首飞成功：completed its first flight
③上市时间：within the next year
④飞车名字：the Transition
⑤飞车构成：two seats, four wheels and wings
⑥飞行时速：around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air
⑦耗油：5 gallons per hour in the air; On the ground, 35 miles per gallon
由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车the Transition的一些基本数据。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
飞车the Transition的基本数据。
A 涵盖性强，覆盖全段
A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。
飞车的一些优点。
该选项错误在于以下两点：
B ①该段介绍了名字为the Transition的飞车；而不 无中生有，生搬硬套
是全部飞车(flying cars)。
②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。
飞车的潜在市场。
C 无中生有，生搬硬套
原文没有提及。
飞车the Transition的设计商。
D 以偏概全，主次不分
该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。
[答案] A
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）C篇节选
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous workthat could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of
rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁
路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未
来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机
检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护
铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章
主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思
想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷）D节选
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousandyears. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a
global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing
remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-
gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的
变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有
发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
随堂练习
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国II卷）
C
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
,
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了 100万英镑的奖金，
她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
8C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said
she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a
project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria
Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进
我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
9A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in
getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work
with and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型 艺的术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的
电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin
认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
10C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and
creativity depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可
知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
11A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said
she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project
to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表
示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的
艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，
促进艺术教学。故选A。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）D
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and
beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be "the easy subject" at school, insignificant to wider
society, a waste of time and effort?Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates
money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they
are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible
experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don't just want
material things anymore, they want to experience life一the arts are a perfect crossover（交迭）between culture
and commerce.
Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social
bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and
their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who
frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who
do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people's wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public
Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing
stress, anxiety and blood pressure.
Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education: those engaged with
drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and
languages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.
Participating in the arts is essential for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in
constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.
Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without
art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us human.
51. Art products differ from most other commercial products because .
A. most people purchase them for collection
B. they are more expensive and less accessible
C. they have both commercial and cultural values
D. their prices may climb up as time passes
52. By sharing their arts experiences, community members can .
A. keep the community safe from illnesses
B. develop a stronger tie between them
C. learn to appreciate their own works of art
D. offer honourable solutions to their problems
53. What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities?
A. They enjoy better living conditions.
B. They like to compare themselves with others.
C. They are particularly good at both music and art.
D. They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.
54. How does kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
.
A It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.B. It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C. It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D. It helps to make responsible people out of them.
55. What is the best title for this passage?
A. How Art Cures Our Hearts
B. Art: A Blessing to Humankind
C. How Art Benefits Communities
D. Art: A Bridge Between Cultures
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。
从赋予商品的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。
51C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be
both functional and beautiful.”（任何公共空间都是由艺术家精心设计的，既实用又美观。）以及“Art can
connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can”（艺术可以将文化与商业产品
联系起来，这是其他很多东西都做不到的。）可以看出，可见艺术参与的作品兼具文化价值和商业价值。
故选择C。
52B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts
experiences through reflection and discussion,, and their expression of common values through artworks in honor
of events significant to a nation's experience.”（当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺术经验，并通过艺术作品
表达共同的价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经验有重要意义的事件时，社会纽带就在他们之间建立起
来。），可见通过分享经历，可以建立一种特殊的联系和纽带。故选择B。
53D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in
artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not”（研究发现，经常出入文化场
所或参加艺术活动的人比不经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更容易获得健康;），可见参加艺术活动
的人们在身心上都相对更加健康。故选择D。
54A【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in
their education”（参与艺术的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就）以及“encouraging children to express
themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.”（有助于在以后的
生活中形成健康的情感反应。）可见艺术活动促进了孩子们的学业表现和情感成长。故选择A。
55B【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the
world for various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us
human.”（艺术对人类的生命至关重要，世界各国为各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。没有艺术的生活将是无聊和
死气沉沉的，因为艺术是我们人类的一部分。）可见艺术是人类重要的部分，文章中也详细描述了艺术对
不同人群的好处。所以短文的最佳标题为“艺术:人类的福祉”。故选择B。
2021年高考浙江卷B
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a
day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人 David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的
旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
4D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a
screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏
幕——盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
5A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，
David Bond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
6A【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the
World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，
与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
7C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a
brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the
World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World
Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可
推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一
个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。
故选C项。
2021年高考浙江卷C
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto
something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new
study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the
person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses
more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that
the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies
to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类的面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
8B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images
of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情
是高兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
9C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or
the lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial
expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in
training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表
情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗
看的照片是不一样的。故选C。
10B【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis
lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure
has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来
说，最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这
种接触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面
部表情的可能原因。故选B。
