文档内容
1
1
9
9
9
9
8
8
年年全全国国硕硕士士研研究究生生入入学学统统一一考考试试英英语语试试题题
Section I Use of English
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C],and
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and
[[DD]]..CChohoosoese tthhee bbeesstt oonnee aandnd mmaarkrk yoyuorura nasnwsewrero nonA NASNWSWEERR SSHHEEETE T1 b1y bbylabclakcekneinningg tthhee
cocrorrersepsopnodnidngin lgeltettetre riinn tthhee bbrraacckkeettss wwiitthh aa ppeenncciill..((1100 ppooiinnttss))
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 1 that in
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 1 that in
the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2_ man.But they
the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2 man. But they
insisted that its3 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery
insisted that its 3 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery
for the4 of the English population.5contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from
for the 4 of the English population. 5 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from
1650 to 1750, when England was still a_6agricultural country, a period of great abundance and
1650 to 1750, when England was still a 6 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and
proSperity.
prosperity.
This view,7, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists8 history and economics, have_9
Thisview, 7 , isgenerallythought tobewrong. Specialists 8 historyandeconomics, have 9
two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 10 by great poverty, and that industrialization
two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 10 by great poverty, and that industrialization
certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the
certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the
populace.
populace.
1 1 . . [［A] A ］ad a m d i m t i t tte e d d [ ［ B B ] ］ be b l e i li e e v ve e d d ［[C C ]］ cl c a la i im me ed d [ ［ D D ] ］ pr p e r d e i di c c t te e d d
2.[A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal
2. ［A］ plain ［B］ average ［C］ mean ［D］ normal
3.[A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate
3. ［A］ momentary ［B］ prompt ［C］ instant ［D］ immediate
4.[A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude
4. ［A］ bulk ［B］ host ［C］ gross ［D］ magnitude
5.[A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By
5. ［A］ On ［B］ With ［C］ For ［D］ By
6.[A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely
6. ［A］ broadly ［B］ thoroughly ［C］ generally ［D］ completely
7.[A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover
7. ［A］ however ［B］ meanwhile ［C］ therefore ［D］ moreover
8. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for
8. ［A］ at ［B］ in ［C］ about ［D］ for
9 9 . . ［[A A ] ］ma m ni an f i e fe s s t te e d d1[B ［ ] B ］ ap a p p r p o ro v v e ed d [ ［ C C ] ］ s s h h o ow w n n [ ［ D D ] ］ sp s e p c e u c l ul a a t te e d d
1 1 0 0 . .［ [A A ] ］ n n o o t te e d d [［B B ]］ im im pr p e re s s s se e d d [ ［ C] C ］ la l b ab e e l le e d d [ ［ D D ] ］ m m ar ar k k e ed d
Section II Reading Comprehension
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
PartA
Directions:
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers
marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the
marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the
questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter
questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter
iinn tthhee bbrraacckkeettss.. ((4400 ppooiinnttss))
第1页共13 页
第 1 页 共 13 页Text 1
Text 1
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is
humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the
humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the
waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several
waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several
ggiaianntt ddaamm pprorojejeccttss tthhrreeaatteenn ttood doom moorree hhaarrmm tthhaann ggoooodd..
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big,
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn’t help that building a big,
powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert
powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert
themselves.Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid
themselves. Egypt’s leadership in theArab world was cemented by theAswan High Dam.Turkey’s bid
for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
forFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile
flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of
flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of
disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
diseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.
And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe,
And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe,
Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on
Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on
the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is
the Danube.The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is
bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
biddingfor independencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoprove itself.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed
Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship
Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship
for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far
for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far
from guaranteed.
fromguaranteed.
Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water
Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water
can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible
can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible
without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or
without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or
scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.You don'tneed a dam to be saved.
scientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon’tneedadamtobesaved.
第2 页 共 13 页
第 2 页 共 13 页11. The third sentence of Paragraph I implies that___
11. ThethirdsentenceofParagraph1impliesthat________.
[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality
[B] the blind could be happier than the sighted
[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted
[C] over-excited people tend to neglect vital things
[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings
[D] fascination makes people lose their eyesight
[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight
12. In Paragraph 5,"the powerless"probably refers to_
12. In Paragraph5,“thepowerless”probablyrefersto________.
[A] areas short of electricity
[A]areasshortofelectricity
[[BB] ]ddaamms swwitihthooutu tppoowwere rssttaattiioonnss
[C] poor countries around India
[C]poorcountriesaroundIndia
[[DD]] ccoommmmono npepoepolpel eiinn tthheeN Naarrmmaaddaa DDaamm aarreeaa
13. What is the myth concerning giant dams?
13. Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?
[A] They bring in more fertile soil.
[A]Theybringinmorefertilesoil.
[[BB] ]TThehye yhehleplp ddeeffeenndd tthhee ccoouunnttrryy..
[C] They strengthen international ties.
[C]They strengtheninternationalties.
[D] They have universal control of the waters.
[D]Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.
14. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as___
14. Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas________.
[A]"It's no use crying over spilt milk"
[A]“It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk”
[B]"More haste,less speed"
[B]“Morehaste,lessspeed”
[C]"Look before you leap"
[C]“Lookbeforeyou leap”
[D]"He who laughs last laughs best"
[D]“Hewholaughslastlaughsbest”
第 3 页 共 13 页
第 3 页 共 13 页Text 2
Text 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say.But what about pain without gain?Everywhere you go in
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in
America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity
America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity
revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
revolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and
services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2since 1987.That is somewhat faster than
servicestogether, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987.That is somewhat faster than
the average during the previous decade.And since 1991,productivity has increased by about 2 year,
theaverageduringthepreviousdecade.And since1991, productivityhasincreasedby about2% ayear,
which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is
which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is
due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence
due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence
of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a
of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a
"disjunction"between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the
“disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the
picture reflected by the statistics.
picturereflectedbythestatistics.
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that
re-engineering and downsizing --are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,
re-engineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,
wwhihcihc hisis ddrriivveenn bbyy mmanayn yotohtehre rfafaccttoorrss ssuucchh aass jjooiinntt inivnveestsmtmeenntt inine qeuqiupimpmeenntt aanndd mmaacchhiinneerryy,, nneeww
technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies
technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies
make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:
make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:
switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
switchingtonewmarketsorimproving qualitycanmatterjustasmuch.
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent
years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less
years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less
widely than people suppose.
widelythanpeoplesuppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive ofAu Bong Pain, a rapidly
growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering"has been crude. In many cases, he
growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he
believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer,
believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer,
says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out
says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out
costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He
costswithout giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO’sAl Rosenshine is blunter. He
dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish --"the worst sort of
dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- “the worst sort of
ambulance-chasing'".
ambulance-chasing”.
第 4 页共 13 页
第 4 页 共 13 页15. According to the author, the American economic situation is____.
15. Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis________.
[A[A] ]nonto taass ggoooodd aass iitts eseememss
[B] at its turning point
[B]atitsturningpoint
[C] much better than it seems
[C]muchbetterthanitseems
[[DD] ]nneeaarr ttoo ccoommpplleettee rreeccoovveerryy
16. The official statistics on productivity growth__
16. Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth________.
[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
[A]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle
[B[B] ]ffaallll sshhoorrtt ooff bbuussiinneessssmmeenn'’ss aannttiicciippaattiioonn
[C[C] ]mmeeete tththe eeexxppecetcatattiioonn ooff bbuussiinneessss ppeeooppllee
[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy
[D]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy
17. The author raises the question"what about pain without gain?"because_.·
17. Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because________.
[A] he questions the truth of "no gain without pain"
[A]hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”
[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works
[B]hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks
[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
[C]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
[D]hehasconclusiveevidencefor therevivalofbusinesses
18. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
18. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
[A[]A ]RaRdaicdaicl arlerfeofromrsm asraer eesessesnetnitaila lffoorr tthhee iinnccrreeaassee ooffpprroodduuctcitivviittyy..
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[B]Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.
[C]Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.
[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
[D]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.
第5 页 共 13 页
第 5 页 共 13 页Text 3
Text 3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo's
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s
17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh
17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh
remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isac Newton. The schism between science and the
remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the
humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
humanitieshas,ifanything, deepenedinthiscentury.
Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics--
Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics --
but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked"anti-science"in several
but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several
books,notably Higher Superstition,by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and
books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and
Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World,by Carl Sagan
Norman Levitt, a mathematician atRutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan
of Comnell University.
ofCornellUniversity.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concems at meetings such as"The Flight from
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from
Science and Reason",held in New York City in 1995,and "Science in the Age of(Mis) information,
Science and Reason”, held in NewYork City in 1995, and “Science in theAge of (Mis) information” ,
which assembled last June near Buffalo.
whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.
Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault
Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault
primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science's
primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s
objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other
objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other
phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
phenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other
Asurvey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other
groups as well,from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of
groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of
smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
smallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingfor basicresearch.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995,
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995,
scors science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean
scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean
environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science,as an essay in US
environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US
News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
News&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues
Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the
Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the
evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of
evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of
industrial growth.
industrialgrowth.
Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless.
Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless.
"The term 'anti-science'can lump together too many, quite different things,"notes Harvard University
“The term ‘anti-science’can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University
philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science."They have in common only
philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only
one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened."
onethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”
第6页共13 页
第 6 页 共 13 页_
19.The word"schism"(Line3,Paragraph 1 in the context probably means_
19. Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans________.
[A] confrontation
[A]confrontation
[B] disatisfaction
[B]dissatisfaction
[C]separation
[C]separation
[D] contempt
[D]contempt
20. Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to
20. Paragraphs2and3arewrittento________.
[A] discuss the cause of the decline of science'spower
[A]discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower
[[BB] ]sshhoow wthteh eaauuththoor'rs’s ssyymmpaptahtyh ywiwtiht hsscciieennttiissttss
[[CC] ]eexxpplalaiinn tthhee wwaayy iinn wwhhiicchh sscciieennccee ddeevveellooppss
[[DD]e]xeexmepmlipfyli ftyhteh edidviivsiisoionn ooff sscciieennccee aanndd tthhee hhuummaanniittiieess
21. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
21. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.
[A]Environmentalistswereblamedfor anti-scienceinanessay.
[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.
[B]Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofanti-science.
[C] The"more enlightened"tend to tag others as anti-science.
[C]The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasanti-science.
[D] Tagging environmentalists as"anti-science"is justifiable.
[D]Taggingenvironmentalistsas“anti-science”isjustifiable.
22. The author's attitude toward the issue of"science vs.anti-science"is.
22. Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.anti-science”is________.
[A] impartial
[A]impartial
[B] subjective
[B]subjective
[C] biased
[C]biased
[D] puzzling
[D]puzzling
第 7页 共 13 页
第 7 页 共 13 页Text4
Text 4
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional
competition,as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
competition,aspopulationgrowth intheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.
This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- has
Thisdevelopment -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- has
enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the
enthroned the South asAmerica’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the
nation's head counting.
nation’sheadcounting.
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people -- numerically the
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people -- numerically the
third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so,that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent,
third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent,
lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfor theDepressionyears.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War I, and the
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War II, and the
patten still prevails.
patternstillprevails.
Three sun-belt states --Florida,Texas and California --together had nearly 10 million more
Three sun-belt states -- Florida, Texas and California -- together had nearly 10 million more
people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San
people in 1980 than a decade earlier.Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San
Antonio from 15th to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington D.C.,dropping out of the top 10.
Antonio from 15th to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington D. C., dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be atributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say.
Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too-- and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's
Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too -- and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s
"baby boom"generation reached its child-bearing years.
“babyboom”generationreacheditschild-bearingyears.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer
phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but
phenomenon: More and more,Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but
with fewer people, too. Some instances:
withfewerpeople,too.Someinstances：
■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate--37.1 percent since
■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since
1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
1970inavast areawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.
■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all:63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively.
■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively.
Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5
Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5
million people-- about 9 per square mile.
millionpeople--about9persquaremile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than
in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other
in the FarWest.There, California added 3.7 million to itspopulation in the 1970s, more than any other
state.
state.
In that decade, however,large numbers also migrated from California,mostly to other parts of the
In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the
West. Often they chose- and still are choosing --somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho
West. Often they chose -- and still are choosing -- somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho
and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues ofurbanization in the Golden State.
andAlaskainordertoescapesmog, crimeandotherplaguesofurbanizationintheGoldenState.
As a result, Califomia's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent-- little more than
As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent -- little more than
two thirds the 1960s'growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
twothirdsthe1960s’growth figureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.
第8 页 共 13 页
第 8 页 共 13 页23. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America
23. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America
in 1970s_
in1970s________.
[A[]A ]enejnojyoeyde dthteh elolowwesets tnnete tggrroowwtht hofo fppoopuplualtaitioonn iinn hhiissttoorryy
[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population
[B]witnessedasouthwesternshift ofpopulation
[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
[C]underwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationgrowth
[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
[D]broughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarII
24. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that___
24. Thecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementinthat________.
[A[]A ]iti tssttrreesssseess tthhee cclliimmaattiicc iinnfflulueennccee oonn ppooppuullaattiioonn ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn
[B[B] ]iitt hhiigghhlliigghhttss ththeec oconntrtirbiubtuitoinono focf ocnotnintiunouuosusw awavveesso offi mimmmiiggrraannttss
[C[C] ]iitt rreevveeaallss ththeeA Ammeerriiccaannss'’nneeww puprusrusiuti tooff ssppaacciioouuss lliivviinngg
[D] it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's "baby boom"
[D]itelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterday’s“babyboom”
25. We can see from the available statistics that ___.
25. Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat________.
[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
[A]CaliforniawasoncethemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUS
[B[B] ]ththe ettoopp 1100 ssttaatteess iinn ggrroowwtthh rraattee ooff ppooppuullaattiioonn wweerree aallll llooccaatteedd iinn ththeeW Weesstt
[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
[C]citieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigration
[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
[D]Arizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowth rateofpopulation
26.The word "demographers"(Line 1,Paragraph 7)most probably means__
26. Theword“demographers”(Line1,Paragraph7)mostprobablymeans________.
[[AA] ]ppeoepolpel eiinn ffaavvoorr ooff tthhee trternedndo fofd edmemooccrraaccyy
[B] advocates of migration between states
[B]advocatesofmigrationbetweenstates
[C] scientists engaged in the study of population
[C]scientistsengagedinthestudyofpopulation
[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
[D]conservativesclingingtooldpatternsoflife
第9页共 13 页
第 9 页 共 13 页Text 5
Text 5
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to
geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the
geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the
boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them
boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them
lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the
lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the
movement of the plates past them has left tails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic
movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic
trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
trailsaremilestonesthatmarkthepassageoftheplates.
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example,are
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are
moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The
moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The
complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of
complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of
where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents
where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents
has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be
has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be
translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both
translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both
continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is
continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is
drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring
drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring
instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that
instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that
the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
theAfricanplateisstationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears
that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across
that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across
the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper laver
the globe.When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer
creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks);in at least a few cases the
createsa broad dome.As the dome grows, it developsdeep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the
continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of
continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so thatthe hot spot initiatesthe formation of
a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots
a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots
may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
mayexplaintheirmutability(inconstancy).
第10 页共 13页
第 10 页 共 13 页27. The author believes that____
27. Theauthorbelievesthat________.
[A[A] ]thteh emomtiootnio onfo tfhteh eplpaltaetse scocrorrersepsopnodsn dtso tothtahta otfo fththe eeearatrhth's’s iinntteerriioorr
[B[]B ]ththe eggeoeloolgoigciacla ltthheeooryry aabbouotu tddrirfifttiinngg ppllaatteess hhaass bbeeeenn pprroovveedd ttoo bbee ttrruuee
[C] the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
[C]thehotspotsandtheplatesmoveslowlyinoppositedirections
[D] the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
[D]themovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapart
28. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that__
28. ThatAfricaandSouthAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfromthefactthat________.
[A] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
[A]thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirections
[B[B] ]tthheeyy hhaavev ebbeeene nfofuonudn dtot oshsahraer ecceertrtaaiinn ggeeoollooggiiccaall ffeeaattuurreess
[C] the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
[C]theAfricanplatehasbeenstablefor 30millionyears
[D] over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
[D]over100hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobe
29. The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining____.
29. Thehot-spottheorymayproveusefulinexplaining________.
[A] the structure of the African plates
[A]thestructureoftheAfricanplates
[B] the revival of dead volcanoes
[B]therevivalofdeadvolcanoes
[C] the mobility of the continents
[C]themobilityofthecontinents
[D] the formation of new oceans
[D]theformationofnewoceans
30. The passage is mainly about_
30. Thepassageismainlyabout________.
[A] the features of volcanic activities
[A]thefeaturesofvolcanicactivities
[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates
[B]theimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingplates
[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
[C]thesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudies
[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes
[D]theprocessoftheformationofvolcanoes
第 11 页 共 13 页
第 11 页 共 13 页Directions:
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your
ttrraannssllaattiioonnm muussttb beew wrirtitetntecnl ecalrleyarolnyt hoen AtNheS WANESWRERS HSHEEEETT 22..((1155 ppooiinnttss))
They were,by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of
They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of
enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth.31)But even more important,it was
enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more important, it was
the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past for what they were seeing were the
the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the
patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.That was just about the moment that the
patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the
universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US
universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US
National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite--Cobe-- had
NationalAeronautics and SpaceAdministration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had
discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has
discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has
become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single
become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single
mass of energy).
massofenergy).
32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in
32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in
the 1920s.to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory,
the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory,
the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew
the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew
outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of
outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of
gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and
gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and
eventually, even humans.
eventually,evenhumans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much
smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies.They
smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They
shouldn't have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South
shouldn’t have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South
Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures.and may report their findings
Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings
soOn.
soon.
3344)I)fI fththee ssmmalall lhhoto tssppootsts llooookk aass eexxppecetceted,dt,htahta twwilill lbbee aa ttrriiuummpph hffoor ryyeett aannootthheerr sscciieennttiiffiicc idideeaa,,aa
refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the
refinementof theBig Bang called theinflationary universe theory.Inflation says thatvery early on, the
universe expanded in size by more than a tillion tillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second,
universe expandedinsize bymorethan atrillion trilliontrilliontrillionfold inmuchlessthanasecond,
propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35)Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically
propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically
plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics,and many
plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many
astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
astrophysicistshavebeenconvincedfor thebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.
第12 页共 13页
第 12 页 共 13 页Section III Writing
Section Ⅲ Writing
36.Directions:
36. Directions:
A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.
A. Studythefollowing cartoon carefully and writean essay innoless than 150words.
B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)
B. Youressay mustbe written clearly ontheANSWERSHEET2.(15points)
C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
C. Youressay should meet therequirements below:
1.Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
1.Writeout themessages conveyed bythecartoon.
2. Give your comments.
2.Giveyour comments.
本号鸡承诺∶
如此承诺
本粤下蛋
各行各业兴承诺
不见捷见角;
2保证有蛋 欢迎监督不推托
度、蛋清和 草本告为分内事
蛋赏。
问须高帽"文明张"
第 13页共 13页
第 13 页 共 13 页
