文档内容
2021 年 12 月六级考试真题及解析 (第三套)
Part Ⅰ Writing 30 minutes
( )
Directions For this part you are allowed minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given
: ꎬ 30
below In your essay you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and
ꎬ
suggest measurestoaddresstheissue You should writeat least wordsbut nomorethan
150
words
200
Some parents in China are overprotective of their children They plan everything for their children
ꎬ
make all the decisions for them and do not allow them to explore on their own in case they make
ꎬ
mistakes or get hurt
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension 30 minutes
( )
说明 由于 年 月六级考试全国共考了 套听力 本套真题听力与前 套内容完全一
: 2021 12 2 ꎬ 2
样 只是顺序不一样 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
( )
Section A
说明 据统计 年 月六级考试共考了 套阅读词汇理解 本套阅读词汇理解与第一套
: ꎬ 2021 12 2 ꎬ
或第二套内容完全一样 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现
ꎬ ꎮ
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each
: ꎬ
statement containsinformation given in oneof theparagraphs Identifytheparagraph fromwhich
the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is
marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 1
Why facts dont change our minds
A The economist J K Galbraith once wrote Faced with a choice between changing ones mind and
) ꎬ “
— 1 —proving there is no need to do so almost everyone gets busy with the proof
ꎬ ”
B Leo Tolstoy was even bolder The most difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow ̄witted
) : “
man ifhehasnot formed any ideaofthem already but thesimplest thing cannot bemadeclearto the
ꎻ
most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that he knows already without a shadow of a doubt
ꎬ ꎬ
what is laid before him
”
C Whats going on here Why dont facts change our minds And why would someone continue to
) ? ?
believe a false or inaccurate idea anyway How do such behaviors serve us Humans need a
? ?
reasonably accurate view of the world in order to survive If your model of reality is wildly different
from the actual world then you struggle to take effective actions each day However truth and
ꎬ ꎬ
accuracy are not the only things that matter to the human mind Humans also seem to have a deep
desire to belong
D In Atomic Habits I wrote Humans are herd animals We want to fit in to bond with others and
) ꎬ ꎬ “ ꎬ ꎬ
to earn therespect and approval ofourpeers Such inclinationsareessential to oursurvival Formost
of our evolutionary history our ancestors lived in tribes Becoming separated from the tribe or
ꎬ —
worse being cast out was a death sentence
ꎬ — ”
E Understanding the truth of a situation is important but so is remaining part of a tribe While these
) ꎬ
two desires often work well together they occasionally come into conflict In many circumstances
ꎬ ꎬ
social connection isactually morehelpful to yourdaily lifethan understanding thetruth ofaparticular
fact or idea The Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker put it this way People are embraced or
ꎬ “
condemned according to their beliefs so one function of the mind may be to hold beliefs that bring
ꎬ
the belief ̄holder the greatest number of allies protectors or disciples 信徒 rather than beliefs
ꎬ ꎬ ( )ꎬ
that are most likely to be true
”
F We dont always believe things because they are correct Sometimes we believe things because they
)
make us look good to the people we care about I thought Kevin Simler put it well when he wrote
ꎬ
If a brain anticipates that it will be rewarded for adopting a particular belief its perfectly happy to
“ ꎬ
do so and doesnt much care where the reward comes from whether its pragmatic 实用主义的
ꎬ — ( )
better outcomes resulting from better decisions social better treatment from ones peers or
( )ꎬ ( )ꎬ
some mix of the two
”
G False beliefs can be useful in a social sense even if they are not useful in a factual sense For lack of
)
a better phrase we might call this approach factually false but socially accurate When we have
ꎬ “ ꎬ ”
to choose between the two people often select friends and family over facts This insight not only
ꎬ
explains why we might hold our tongue at a dinner party or look the other way when our parents say
something offensive but also reveals a better way to change the minds of others
ꎬ
H Convincing someone to change their mind is really the process of convincing them to change their
)
tribe If they abandon their beliefs they run the risk of losing social ties You cant expect someone
ꎬ
— 2 —to change their mind if you take away their community too You have to give them somewhere to
go Nobody wants their worldview torn apart if loneliness is the outcome
I The way to change peoples minds is to become friends with them to integrate them into your tribe
) ꎬ ꎬ
to bring them into yourcircle Now they can changetheirbeliefswithout therisk ofbeing abandoned
ꎬ
socially
J Perhaps it is not difference but distance that breeds tribalism and hostility As proximity increases
) ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
so does understanding I am reminded of Abraham Lincolns quote I dont like that man I must
ꎬ “
get to know him better
”
K Facts dont change our minds Friendship does Years ago Ben Casnocha mentioned an idea to me
) ꎬ
that I havent been able to shake The people who are most likely to change our minds are the ones
:
we agree with on percent of topics If someone you know like and trust believes a radical idea
98 ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
you are more likely to give it merit weight or consideration You already agree with them in most
ꎬ ꎬ
areas of life Maybe you should change your mind on this one too But if someone wildly different
than you proposes the same radical idea well its easy to dismiss them as nuts
ꎬ ꎬ
L One way to visualize this distinction is by mapping beliefs on a spectrum If you divide this spectrum
)
into units and you find yourself at Position then there is little sense in trying to convince
10 7ꎬ
someone at Position The gap is too wide When youre at Position your time is better spent
1 7ꎬ
connecting with people who are at Positions and gradually pulling them in your direction
6 8ꎬ
M The most heated arguments often occur between people on opposite ends of the spectrum but the
) ꎬ
most frequent learning occurs from people who are nearby The closer you are to someone the more
ꎬ
likely it becomes that the one or two beliefs you dont share will bleed over into your own mind and
shape your thinking The further away an idea is from your current position the more likely you are
ꎬ
to reject it outright When it comes to changing peoples minds it is very difficult to jump from one
ꎬ
side to another You cant jump down the spectrum You have to slide down it
N Any idea that is sufficiently different from your current worldview will feel threatening And the best
)
place to ponder a threatening idea is in a non ̄threatening environment As a result books are often a
ꎬ
better vehicle for transforming beliefs than conversations or debates In conversation people have to
ꎬ
carefully consider their status and appearance They want to save face and avoid looking stupid
When confronted with an uncomfortable set of facts the tendency is often to double down on their
ꎬ
current position rather than publicly admit to being wrong Books resolve this tension With a book
ꎬ
the conversation takes place inside someones head and without the risk of being judged by others
Its easier to be open ̄minded when you arent feeling defensive
O There is another reason bad ideas continue to live on which is that people continue to talk about
) ꎬ
them Silence is death for any idea An idea that is never spoken or written down dies with the
person who conceived it Ideas can only be remembered when they are repeated They can only be
— 3 —believed when they are repeated I have already pointed out that people repeat ideas to signal they are
part of the same social group But heres a crucial point most people miss People also repeat bad
:
ideas when they complain about them Before you can criticize an idea you have to reference that
ꎬ
idea You end up repeating the ideas youre hoping people will forget but of course people cant
— ꎬ ꎬ
forget them because you keep talking about them The more you repeat a bad idea the more likely
ꎬ
people are to believe it
P Lets call this phenomenon Clears Law of Recurrence The number of people who believe an idea is
) :
directly proportional to the number of times it has been repeated during the last year even if the idea
—
is false
According to the author humans can hardly survive if separated from their community
36 ꎬ
People often accept false beliefs because they prioritize social bonds rather than facts
37
Most often people learn from those close to them
38
Sometimes people adopt certain beliefs in order to leave a favorable impression on those dear to
39
them
Compared with face ̄to ̄face communication books often provide a better medium for changing
40 ꎬ
peoples beliefs
On many occasions in daily life people benefit more from their social bonds than from knowing the
41 ꎬ
truth
If you want to change somebodys beliefs you should first establish social connection with them
42 ꎬ
Humans cannot survive without a fair knowledge of the actual world
43
Repetition of bad ideas increases their chances of being accepted
44
Nobody is willing to give up their beliefs at the risk of getting isolated
45
Section C
Directions There are passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
: 2
statements For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D You should
)ꎬ )ꎬ ) )
decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line
through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
The subject of automation and its role in our economy has taken hold in American public discourse
Technology broadly and automation specifically are dramatically reshaping the way we work And we
need to have a plan for whats still to come
We dont have to look further than our own communities to see the devastating impact of
— 4 —automation From automated warehouses to cashierless grocery stores to neighborhood libraries that offer
self ̄checkout lanes instead of employing real people automation is increasingly replacing jobs and
—
leaving too few good new jobs behind
The statistics in manufacturing are staggering Despite the widespread fears about trade a recent
ꎬ
report showed that just percent of jobs lost in manufacturing are due to trade the rest of the losses
13 —
have been due to advances in technology
That is why more people are criticizing the ever ̄increasing role of technology in our economy Our
country is manufacturing more than ever before but we are doing it with fewer workers However its
ꎬ ꎬ
not just factories that are seeing losses software and information technology are also having a dramatic
—
impact on jobs most people think are secure from the forces of a rapidly ̄changing economy Something
transformative is happening in America that is having an adverse effect on American families Whether
policymakers and politicians admit it or not workers have made clear their feelings about their economic
ꎬ
insecurity and desire to keep good jobs in America
So why are people so insistent on ignoring the perils of automation They are failing to look ahead at
?
a time when planning for the future is more important than ever Resisting automation is futile it is as
:
inevitable as industrialization was before it I sincerely hope that those who assert that automation will
make us more effective and pave the way for new occupations are right but the reality of automations
ꎬ
detrimental effects on workers makes me skeptical No one can currently say where the new jobs are
coming from or when and any sensible company or country should prepare for all alternatives
ꎬ
Im not overstating the danger look at whats happened to the labor force According to economic
:
research one in six working ̄age men  ̄ doesnt have a job Fifty years ago nearly percent of
ꎬ ꎬ25 54ꎬ ꎬ 100
men that age were working Womens labor force participation meanwhile has slipped back to the level
ꎬ ꎬ
it was at in the late s
1980
American families and prominent business leaders are aware that theres a big problem with
automation The value of a college degree is diminishing and our upward mobility is declining If we
ꎬ
want an economy that allowseveryoneto beeconomically secure weneed to start thinking about howwe
ꎬ
can rightfully address automation
What can we observe from the authors description of our communities
46 ?
A The growing passion for automation
)
B The shift from manual jobs to IT ones
)
C Their changing views on employment
)
D Their fading employment opportunities
)
What do we learn from a recent report
47 ?
A The manufacturing sector is declining at a fast rate
)
B The concerns about the effect of trade are exaggerated
)
— 5 —C The fears about trade have been spreading far and wide
)
D The impact of trade on employment has been staggering
)
What does the passage tell us about American workers in an era of transformation
48 ?
A They feel ignored by politicians B They feel increasingly vulnerable
) )
C They keep adapting to the changes D They keep complaining but to no avail
) )
What does the author think of automation
49 ?
A It will have the same impact as industrialization
)
B It provides sensible companies with alternatives
)
C Its alleged positive effects are doubtful
)
D Its detrimental effects are unavoidable
)
What should we attach importance to when dealing with automation
50 ?
A College graduates job prospects B Womens access to employment
) )
C Peoples economic security D Peoples social mobility
) )
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
Look at the people around you Some are passive others more aggressive Some work best alone
ꎬ ꎬ
others crave companionship We easily recognize that there is great variation among the individuals who
live near us Yet when we speak of people from elsewhere we seem to inevitably characterize them
ꎬ ꎬ
based on their country of origin
Statistics specialists when they speak of national averages often make the same mistake Newly
ꎬ ꎬ
published research shows how erroneous such overviews are Three researchers analyzed decades of
values ̄based surveys and found that only between % and % of the variation in cultural values could
16 21
be explained by differences between countries In other words the vast majority of what makes us
ꎬ
culturally distinct from one another has nothing to do with our homeland
To determine what factors really are associated with culture the authors combined data from
ꎬ 558
prior surveys that each measured one or more of Hofstedes cultural dimensions These are traits such as
ꎬ
individualism and masculinity that describe work ̄related cultural values They are not a measure of
ꎬ (
visible cultural traits such as food or dress Though the validity of Hofstedes dimensions has been
ꎬ )
questioned they have the singular benefit of having been in use for decades which allows for historical
ꎬ ꎬ
and international comparisons
The researchers found that both demographic factors such as age and environmental factors such
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
as long ̄term unemployment rates were more correlated with cultural values than nationality Occupation
ꎬ
and social economic status were the most strongly correlated suggesting that our values are more
ꎬ
economically driven than we usually give them credit for
The evidence implies that people with similar jobs and incomes are more culturally alike regardless
ꎬ
— 6 —of where they live Vas Taras the lead author of the study puts it this way Tell me how much you
ꎬ ꎬ : “
make and I will make a pretty accurate prediction about your cultural values Tell me what your
nationality is and I probably will make a wrong prediction
”
Taras says our erroneous belief that countries are cultures has caused businesses to teach their
employees useless or even harmful ways of interacting with their international peers Chinese and
American lawyers might be trained to interact based on the assumption that the Chinese person is less
individualistic even though their similar social economic situations make it probable they are actually
ꎬ
quite alike in that regard
The country as the unit of authority is often a convenient way of generalizing about a population
ꎬ ꎬ
However our focus on countries can mask broad variations within them In the majority of cases we
ꎬ
would be better off identifying people by the factors that constrain their lives like income rather than by
ꎬ ꎬ
the lines surrounding them on a map
What error do experts often make when describing people from other places
51 ?
A They tend to overly rely on nationality
)
B They often exaggerate their differences
)
C They often misunderstand their cultures
)
D They tend to dwell on national averages
)
What do we learn about Hofstedes cultural dimensions
52 ?
A They are useful in comparing cultural values across time and space
)
B They have brought unusual benefits to people of different cultures
)
C They are widely used to identify peoples individual traits
)
D They provide valuable questions for researchers to study
)
What did researchers find about previous studies on factors determining peoples values
53 ?
A Environmental factors were prioritized over other factors
)
B An individuals financial status was often underestimated
)
C Too much emphasis had been placed on ones occupation
)
D The impact of social progress on ones values was ignored
)
What is the impact on employees when cultures are identified with countries
54 ?
A They may fail to see the cultural biases of their business partners
)
B They may fail to attach sufficient importance to cultural diversity
)
C They may not be taught how to properly interact with overseas partners
)
D They may not be able to learn the legal procedures for business transactions
)
What does the author suggest at the end of the passage
55 ?
A There is sufficient reason to generalize about a countrys population
)
B The majority of people are still constrained by their national identity
)
— 7 —C It is arguable that the country should be regarded as the unit of authority
)
D Nationality is less useful than socio ̄economic status as an indicator of ones values
)
Part Ⅳ Translation 30 minutes
( )
Directions For this part you are allowed minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You
: ꎬ 30
should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
井冈山地处湖南 江西两省交界处 因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为 中国革命红色摇篮
、 ꎬ “ ”ꎮ
年 月 毛泽东 朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里 开展了艰苦卓绝的斗
1927 10 ꎬ 、 ꎬ
争 创建了第一个农村革命根据地 点燃了中国革命的星星之火 开辟了 农村包围 besiege
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ “ ( )
城市 武装夺取政权 这一具有中国特色的革命道路 中国革命从这里迈向胜利 井冈山现有
ꎬ ” ꎬ ꎮ
多处革命旧址 成为一个 没有围墙的革命历史博物馆 是爱国主义和革命传统教育的重要
100 ꎬ “ ”ꎬ
基地
ꎮ
— 8 —2021 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题 (第三套)
【答案速查表】
Part Ⅰ Writing
见真题解析
( )
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
同第一套或第二套
( )
Section B
D G M F N E I C O H
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Section C
D B B C C A A B C D
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
Part Ⅳ Translation
见真题解析
( )
— 9 —2021 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题解析 (第三套)
【答案详解】
Part Ⅰ Writing
参考范文 范文译文
For a long time Chinese parents have been 长期以来 中国父母将孩子
【1】 ꎬ 【1】 ꎬ
regarding theirchildrenasthemerehopeofthewholefamily 视为整个家庭唯一的希望 导致了一
ꎬ ꎬ
which leads to an overprotective parenting style 种过度保护的教育方式 然而
【2】 ꎮ 【2】 ꎬ
However recently many parents are blamed for arranging for 人们却指责近来许多父母在生活的方
ꎬ
everything and manipulating their kids in every aspect of life 方面面都安排好了一切 操纵着孩子
ꎬ ꎮ
Though seeing their kid get hurt or cheated feels 虽然看到自己的孩子受到伤
【3】 【3】
terrible parents must realize that overprotection brings 害或被欺骗感到很难过 但父母必须
ꎬ ꎬ
harm to a childs mental health and future development 意识到 过度的保护会给孩子的心理
ꎬ
A child may easily get into panic once encountering 健康和未来发展带来危害 孩子
【4】 ꎮ 【4】
difficulties and unable to make important life choices 一旦遇到困难 就容易陷入恐慌 无
ꎬ ꎬ
To achieve a more rational and helpful parenting 法做出重要的人生抉择
【5】 ꎮ
style I believe two measures should be taken 要想培养一种更理性 更有
ꎬ 【6】 【5】 、
Firstly local communities should provide courses or 益的育儿方式 我认为应该采取两个
ꎬ ꎬ
lectures on responsible parenting which guides the parents 措施 首先 当地社区应该提供
ꎬ ꎮ 【6】 ꎬ
to respect their childrens needs and build a healthy parent ̄ 有关负责任父母的课程或讲座 引导
ꎬ
child relationship Another method is that the schools 父母尊重孩子的需求 建立健康的亲
【7】 ꎬ
should encourage their students to express thoughts make 子关系 另一种方法是鼓励学生
ꎬ ꎮ 【7】
creations and decide things independently Through 独立表达思想 进行创作和自主决策
【8】 、 ꎮ
these practices the parents will accept the long ̄term 通过这些做法 父母会接受让孩
ꎬ 【8】 ꎬ
benefits of letting their children grow while the young will 子成长所带来的长期好处 而年轻人
ꎬ ꎬ
confidently take control of their own life 也会自信地掌控自己的生活
ꎮ
范文评析
铺垫背景 描述中国父母长期以来对孩子的过度保护
【1】 ꎬ ꎮ
— 10 —用however引出下文 点明主题 指出父母为孩子决定一切 控制孩子行为的方式遭到
【2】 ꎬ ꎬ 、
质疑
ꎮ
用though引导让步状语从句 说明尽管不愿孩子受到伤害 父母必须明白过度保护对孩
【3】 ꎬ ꎬ
子的心理和成长有危害
ꎮ
具体说明上句提到的心理和成长方面的危害 即面对困难容易慌乱 无法做出重大人生
【4】 ꎬ 、
选择
ꎮ
用目的状语To achieve 引出下文 点明有两个解决措施
【5】 ꎬ ꎮ
描述第一个解决措施 即社区应该提供育儿知识的课程或讲座 引导父母尊重孩子需
【6】 ꎬ ꎬ
求 构建健康亲子关系
、 ꎮ
描述第二个解决措施 即学校应该鼓励孩子表达 创造 自己做决定
【7】 ꎬ 、 、 ꎮ
总结全文 描述这两个措施起到的作用 家长认识到让孩子独立的长期好处 孩子自信
【8】 ꎬ : ꎬ
掌控自己的人生
ꎮ
话题词汇
mere 唯一的 overprotective 过度保护的
parenting 育儿 be blamed for sth 因某事被责备
arrange for 安排 manipulate 控制 操纵
ꎬ
get into panic 陷入慌乱 encounter 遭遇 邂逅
ꎻ
rational 理智的 practice 实际做法
take control of 掌控
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
同第一套或第二套
( )
Section B
参考译文
为什么事实无法改变我们的想法
A 经济学家J K 加尔布雷斯曾写道 在面临要么改变想法 要么证明无此必要的选择时 几
) : “ 、 ꎬ
乎所有人都会忙着寻找证据
ꎮ”
B 列夫 托尔斯泰甚至更加大胆 对于最愚钝的人而言 如果他的脑中尚未形成任何既有观
) : “ ꎬ
点 那么即便是最晦涩的难题也能向其解释清楚 但对于最聪明的人来说 如果他毫不怀疑
ꎬ ꎻ ꎬ
地坚信自己已经懂得摆在面前的东西 那么即使是最简单的事情也难以向其透彻说明
ꎬ ꎮ”
— 11 —C 这究竟是怎么一回事 为什么事实不能改变我们的想法 为什么有人会坚持相信一个错误或不
) ? ?
准确的观点 这种行为对我们有什么好处 为了生存 人类需要建立合理准确的世界
? ? (43) ꎬ
观 如果你对现实的理解与真实世界相去甚远 那么你每天都很难采取有效的行动 然而 真
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
相和准确并非人类思想中唯一重要的事情 人类似乎还有着对归属感的强烈愿望
ꎮ ꎮ
D 在 掌控习惯 一书中 我曾写道 人类是群居动物 我们想要融入他人 想要与他人建立
) « » ꎬ : “ ꎮ ꎬ
联系 想要赢得同辈的尊重和认可 这种倾向对我们的生存至关重要 在人类进化史的大部
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
分时间里 我们的先祖都生活在部落之中 脱离部落 或者更糟的是被驱逐出部落
ꎬ ꎮ (36) ——— ꎬ
就等于被判死刑
ꎮ”
E 了解事情的真相很重要 而留在群体当中也很重要 虽然这两种愿望经常能相辅相成 但偶尔
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
也会产生冲突 在许多情况下 社会关联实际上比理解某一事实或想法的真相更有助于
ꎮ (41) ꎬ
你的日常生活 哈佛大学心理学家史蒂芬 平克曾指出 人们会因自身信仰而被他人接纳或
ꎮ : “
谴责 所以思想的功能之一便是始终坚守能为信仰者带来最多盟友 保护者或信徒的观点 而
ꎬ 、 ꎬ
非最有可能是真理的观点
ꎮ”
F 我们并不总是因为某件事正确便选择相信 有时我们相信一些事情 是因为这能让我们
) ꎮ (39) ꎬ
在重要的人面前表现得好 我认为凯文 西姆勒的说法相当到位 他写道 如果大脑预计到
ꎮ ꎮ : “
接受某种特定的信念能带来好处 那么它便会十分乐意去相信 且毫不在意这种好处源于何方
ꎬ ꎬ
无论是从实用主义角度 更好的决策带来更好的结果 社会角度 与同伴更好相处 还
——— ( )、 ( )
是两者皆有的角度出发
ꎮ”
G 错误观点即便在事实层面上毫无用处 但仍可能在社会意义上是有用的 由于没有更好的说
) ꎬ ꎮ
法 我们姑且将这种情况称为 事实性错误 但社会性正确 当不得不在两者之间做
ꎬ “ ꎬ ”ꎮ (37)
出选择时 人们往往会选择朋友和家人而非事实 这一观点不仅解释了为什么我们会在晚宴
ꎬ ꎮ
上克制表达欲 或当父母口出冒犯之语时选择避而不视 还揭示了一种改变他人想法的更好
ꎬ ꎬ
方式
ꎮ
H 说服他人改变想法 实际上是说服他们改变所属群体 如果他们放弃信仰 便会面临失去社
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
会关系的风险 如果你让别人脱离社群 就不能指望他们会改变想法 你必须为他们提供归
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
宿 如果结局是孑然一身 那么没有人会愿意自己的世界观颠覆
ꎮ (45) ꎬ ꎮ
I 改变人们思想的方法就是和他们成为朋友 让他们融入你的社群 将他们带入你的圈子
) (42) ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
这时 他们便能改变信仰 而不用冒被社会抛弃的风险
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
J 滋生部落主义和敌对情绪的或许并非差异 而是距离 随着亲密度的提升 相互理解也会增
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
加 这让我想起了亚伯拉罕 林肯的名言 我不喜欢那个人 所以 我必须更好地了
ꎮ : “ ꎮ ꎬ
解他
ꎮ”
K 事实并不能改变我们的想法 但友谊可以 几年前 本 卡斯诺查提到了一个我至今无法撼
) ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
动的观点 最有可能改变我们想法的人 正是那些与我们在 %的话题上意见一致的人 如
: ꎬ 98 ꎮ
果你认识 喜欢或信任的人笃信某个激进观点 你便更有可能给予其认同 重视或考虑 在
、 ꎬ 、 ꎮ
生活中的大多数方面 你已经认同了他们 那么在这一问题上 你或许也应该转变想法 但
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
— 12 —是 如果与你截然不同的人提出了同样激进的想法 那么你会很容易将他们当成疯子
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
L 有一种方法能直观展现这种区别对待 那便是为观念设定尺度范围 若将该尺度分成 个单
) ꎬ ꎮ 10
位 当你发现自己在第 位 那么试图说服第 位的人就没有什么意义 因为两人相距太远
ꎬ 7 ꎬ 1 ꎬ ꎮ
在处于 号位置时 更好的选择是花时间与第 位和第 位的人建立联系 然后逐步拉拢
7 ꎬ 6 8 ꎬ
他们
ꎮ
M 处于尺度两端的人往往会爆发最激烈的争论 但相距最近的人却经常互相学习 你和某
) (38) ꎬ ꎮ
人越亲近 便越有可能让一些你并不认同的观念渗入头脑 影响思维 某个观点离你当前位
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
置越远 你就越有可能拒绝认同 当涉及到改变他人想法时 我们很难从尺度的一侧跳到另
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
一侧 我们无法一跳触底 我们需要顺着它慢慢滑动
ꎮ ꎮ ꎮ
N 任何与你当前世界观截然不同的观点都会让你感到威胁 而思考威胁性观点的最佳场所 便
) ꎮ ꎬ
是一个毫无威胁的环境 因此 与对话或辩论相比 书籍往往是转变信仰更好的工具
ꎮ (40) ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
在对话中 人们必须慎重考虑自身的地位和外表 他们既想保全面子 又要避免显得愚蠢
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
当面对一系列令人不快的事实时 人们往往倾向于强化当前立场 而非公开承认自身的错误
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
书籍却能解决这种矛盾 在读书时 人们能在头脑中进行对话 避免了被人评判的风险 当
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
你放下戒心时 也更容易保持开放的心态
ꎬ ꎮ
O 不当观点持续存在的另一个原因就是人们不断的谈论 沉默可以扼杀任何观点 一个从未道
) ꎮ ꎮ
出或写下的观点 会与构想观点的人一同消亡 思想只有通过不断重复 才能被人们记住
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
只有不断重复 人们才会相信 我曾指出 人们不断重复某一看法是为表明他们属于同一个
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
社会群体 然而 大多数人却忽略了极为关键的一点 人们在抱怨不当观点的同时也在重复
ꎮ ꎬ :
这些观点 在你批评某一观点前 必须先提及该观点 最终 你会不断重复这些希望人们忘
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
记的观点 但正因为你的不断谈论 人们根本无法忘记 你越是重复不当观点 人们
——— ꎬ ꎮ (44) ꎬ
便越有可能相信它
ꎮ
P 我们将这种现象称为 克里尔复现定律 即相信某一观点的人数与该观点在过去一年中被重
) “ ”ꎬ
复提及的次数成正比 即便这个观点是错误的
——— ꎮ
答案详解
According to the author humans can hardly survive if separated from their community 据作者称
36 ꎬ ( ꎬ
如果人类脱离群体 就很难生存
ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 D 由hardly survive和 separated from their community 定位至 D段末句 定位句指出
) ꎮ ꎬ
脱离了部落 或被逐出部落 就等于被宣判死刑 因此选择D段
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
People often accept false beliefs because they prioritize social bonds rather than facts 人们经常接
37 (
受错误的信仰 因为他们优先考虑社会关系而非事实
ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 G 由false beliefs和prioritize social bonds rather than facts定位至G段第 句 定位句
) 3 ꎮ
指出 当在二者 错误信念和社会关系 中做选择时 人们通常选择朋友和家人
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ ꎬ
而非事实 可知人们认为社会关系优先于事实 因此选择G段
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Most often people learn from those close to them 大多数情况下 人们向亲近的人学习
38 ( ꎬ ꎮ)
— 13 —【解析】 M 由learn from those close to them定位至M段首句 定位句指出 处于一个信仰范
) ꎮ ꎬ
围两端的人之间通常发生最激烈的争辩 但最频繁的学习出现在关系亲近的人中 因
ꎬ ꎮ
此选择M段
ꎮ
Sometimes people adopt certain beliefs in order to leave a favorable impression on those dear to
39
them 有时人们会接受某些信念 以便给他们喜爱的人留下好印象
( ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 F 由scholars doesnt necessarily 和 other activities定位至 F段第 句 定位句指出
) 、 2 ꎮ ꎬ
有时我们相信某些东西 是因为它能使我们在关注的人面前有好形象 因此选择
ꎬ ꎮ
F段
ꎮ
Compared with face ̄to ̄face communication books often provide a better medium for changing
40 ꎬ
peoples beliefs 与当面交流相比 书籍往往是改变人们信仰更好的媒介
( ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 N 由books和a better medium for changing peoples beliefs定位至N段第 句 定位
) 3 ꎮ
句指出 比起对话或辩论 书籍通常是一个更好的转变信仰的工具 因此选择
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
N段
ꎮ
On many occasions in daily life people benefit more from their social bonds than from knowing the
41 ꎬ
truth 在日常生活的许多场合中 相比了解真相 人们从社会关系中获益更多
( ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 E 由benefit more from their social bonds定位至E段第 句 定位句指出 在很多情
) 3 ꎮ ꎬ
形中 社会联系实际上比理解特定事实或观点的真理更有助于你的日常生活 因此选
ꎬ ꎮ
择E段
ꎮ
If you want to change somebodys beliefs you should first establish social connection with them
42 ꎬ
如果你想改变一个人的信仰 你首先应该和他们建立社会关联
( ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 I 由change somebodys beliefs和first establish social connection定位至I段首句 定位
) ꎮ
句指出 改变人们思维的方法是与他们交朋友 将他们吸纳入你的群体 以及把他们
ꎬ 、 ꎬ
带进你的圈子 即首先要跟他们建立社会联系 因此选择I段
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Humanscannot survivewithout afairknowledgeoftheactual world 如果没有对现实世界的充分
43 (
了解 人类无法生存
ꎬ ꎮ)
【解析】 C 由humans cannot survive和knowledge of actual world定位至C段第 句 定位句指
) 5 ꎮ
出 人类需要合理可靠的世界观才能生存 因此选择C段
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Repetition of bad ideas increases their chances of being accepted 重复不当的观点会增加它们被
44 (
接受的可能性
ꎮ)
【解析】 O 由 repetition of bad ideas 和 chances of being accepted 定位至 O段末句 定位句指
) ꎮ
出 重复一个不当的观点越多 人们就越有可能相信它 因此选择O段
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
Nobody is willing to give up their beliefs at the risk of getting isolated 没有人愿意冒着被孤立的
45 (
风险放弃自己的信仰
ꎮ)
【解析】 H 由give up their beliefs at the risk of getting isolated定位至H段末句 定位句指出
) ꎮ ꎬ
如果结果是孤独 没有人想让自己的世界观颠覆 因此选择H段
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
— 14 —Section C
Passage One
参考译文
自动化及其对经济造成的影响已成为美国公众讨论的主要话题之一 广义上的技术 特别是
ꎮ ꎬ
自动化 正极大地重塑着我们的工作方式 而我们需要有一个计划 以应对未来可能发生的情况
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
我们不必放眼周围社区以外的世界 便能发现自动化带来的破坏性影响 从自动化仓
(46) ꎬ ꎮ
库到无人收银的杂货店 再到设立自助结账通道而非雇用真人员工的社区图书馆 自动化正在越
ꎬ ꎬ
来越多地替代人力岗位 导致余下的好工作越来越少
ꎬ ꎮ
制造业的统计数据令人震惊 尽管人们普遍对贸易深感担忧 但最近的一份报告显示
ꎮ (47) ꎬ ꎬ
在制造业损失的工作岗位中 只有 %是因贸易问题造成 其余的岗位损失均是由于技术进步
ꎬ 13 ——— ꎮ
这就是为什么越来越多的人开始批评技术在经济生活中发挥日趋重要的作用 我们制
ꎮ (48)
造的产品比以往任何时候都要多 但参与制造的工人却更少 然而 遭受损失的不仅仅是工厂
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
大多数人认为 一些工作岗位会相对安全 不受快速变化的经济的影响 但软件和信息技术
——— ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
发展同样对此类工作造成了巨大影响 美国正在发生的一些变革对美国家庭产生负面影响
ꎮ ꎮ (48)
无论政策制定者和政客是否承认 广大工人已明确表达了自己对经济不安全的感受 并期望能在
ꎬ ꎬ
美国保住好的工作岗位
ꎮ
那么 为什么人们又执意忽略自动化的风险呢 当前 面向未来做好规划比以往任何时候都
ꎬ ? ꎬ
更加重要 而人们却并未放眼未来 抵制自动化是徒劳的 这就跟过去的工业化一样 自动化已
ꎬ ꎮ : ꎬ
势不可挡 我由衷希望那些断言自动化将帮助我们提高效率并为新型岗位铺平道路的人是
ꎮ (49)
正确的 但自动化对工人群体的现实不利影响让我感到怀疑 目前没有人能说出新的工作岗位将
ꎬ ꎮ
从何处或在何时出现 而任何明智的企业或国家都应准备好各种替代方案
ꎬ ꎮ
我并没有夸大这一危险 不妨看看劳动力发生了什么 根据相关经济研究 在 至 岁的
: ꎮ ꎬ 25 54
男性适龄劳动人口中 六分之一的人没有工作 年前 该年龄段的男性几乎全部都有工作 与
ꎬ ꎮ 50 ꎬ ꎮ
此同时 妇女的劳动参与率已回落至上世纪 年代末的水平
ꎬ 80 ꎮ
美国家庭和杰出的商业领袖都已意识到 自动化存在很大的问题 大学学位的价值日益缩水
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
底层民众的向上流动也在放缓 如果我们想实现让每个人都获得经济保障的经济体制 我
ꎮ (50) ꎬ
们就需要开始思考如何正确地应对自动化问题
ꎮ
答案详解
What can we observe from the authors description of our communities 我们可以从作者对我们
46 ? (
社区的描述中观察到什么
?)
A The growing passion for automation 对自动化日益增长的热情
) ( ꎮ)
B The shift from manual jobs to IT ones 从手工作业到信息技术作业的转变
) ( ꎮ)
C Their changing views on employment 对就业看法的不断变化
) ( ꎮ)
— 15 —D) Their fading employment opportunities (逐渐变少的就业机会ꎮ)
【解析】 由the authors description of our communities可定位到第 段 文中提到 我们只需看
2 ꎮ ꎬ
看自己的社区 就能发现自动化的巨大影响 自动化正逐渐取代职位 留给人的新兴
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
好工作少之又少 可知自动化让就业机会变少 因此选 D项 原文提到 自动化逐
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ
渐取代许多岗位 而非人们对自动化的热情日益增长 故排除选项A 选项B符合原
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
文表述 但不是作者对社区的描述 可排除 原文只提到就业岗位的变化 没有提到
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
人们对就业看法的变化 故排除选项C
ꎬ ꎮ
What do we learn from a recent report 我们从最近的一份报告中了解到什么
47 ? ( ?)
A The manufacturing sector is declining at a fast rate 制造行业正在快速下滑
) ( ꎮ)
B) The concerns about the effect of trade are exaggerated (对贸易影响的担忧被夸大了ꎮ)
C The fears about trade have been spreading far and wide 对贸易的担忧一直在深远传播
) ( ꎮ)
D The impact of trade on employment has been staggering 贸易对就业的影响一直很惊人
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由a recent report可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 尽管人们普遍担忧贸易 但一项
3 2 ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ
最近的报告显示 只有 %的制造业工作是因为贸易消失的 其余的都是由技术进步
ꎬ 13 ꎬ
引起的 可知贸易对就业的影响远小于技术进步 因此选 B 项 原文只提到制造业
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ
岗位的消失 未提及制造业本身的衰落 选项 A 过度推断 故排除 文章提到了对
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
贸易的广泛担忧 但没有提到 深刻 和 一直在传播 故排除选项 C 原文说的
ꎬ “ ” “ ”ꎬ ꎮ
是数据令人震惊 而非贸易带来的影响让人震惊 故排除D项
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
What does the passage tell us about American workers in an era of transformation 文章关于转型
48 ? (
时代的美国工人告诉我们什么
?)
A They feel ignored by politicians 他们感到被政客忽视了
) ( ꎮ)
B) They feel increasingly vulnerable (他们感到越发脆弱ꎮ)
C They keep adapting to the changes 他们不断适应变化
) ( ꎮ)
D They keep complaining but to no avail 他们一直抱怨但无济于事
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由American workers in an era of transformation可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到
4 2、 5 ꎮ ꎬ
参与制造的工人越来越少 不管政客 政策制定者承认与否 工作者已经明确表露出
ꎮ 、 ꎬ
他们经济上的不安和对保留工作的期望 可知工作者感到自己的工作岗位有可能被取
ꎬ
代 因此选B项 选项A C D文中均未提及 故排除
ꎮ ꎮ 、 、 ꎬ ꎮ
What does the author think of automation 作者如何看待自动化
49 ? ( ?)
A It will have the same impact as industrialization 自动化将产生与工业化相同的影响
) ( ꎮ)
B It provides sensible companies with alternatives 自动化为明智的公司提供了替代方案
) ( ꎮ)
C) Its alleged positive effects are doubtful (自动化所谓的积极影响值得怀疑ꎮ)
D Its detrimental effects are unavoidable 自动化的不利影响无法避免
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由the author think of automation可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 作者希望 自动
5 4 ꎮ ꎬ “
化让我们更高效 创造更多新兴岗位 这个论断是对的 但现实是自动化对员工有不
、 ” ꎬ
— 16 —良影响 因此作者表示怀疑 因此选 C 项 原文提到 自动化像工业化一样不可避
ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ
免 没有提到自动化 工业化产生相同影响 也没有说自动化的不利影响不可避免
ꎬ 、 ꎬ ꎬ
故排除选项A D
、 ꎮ
文章末尾提到 明智的公司或国家应准备好替代方案 而非自动化给公司提供替代方
ꎬ ꎬ
案 选项B偷换概念 故排除
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
What should we attach importance to when dealing with automation 我们在处理自动化时应该重
50 ? (
视什么
?)
A College graduates job prospects 大学毕业生的就业前景
) ( ꎮ)
B Womens access to employment 妇女的成功就业
) ( ꎮ)
C) Peoples economic security (人的经济安全ꎮ)
D Peoples social mobility 人的社会流动性
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由attach importance to和dealing with automation可定位到第 段末句 文中提到 如
7 ꎮ ꎬ
果我们想保障每个人的经济安全 我们需要开始思考如何正确地对待自动化问题 因
ꎬ ꎮ
此选C项 文中提到了女性劳动参与率的下降 大学学历贬值 社会向上流动放缓
ꎮ 、 、 ꎬ
但这些都不是处理自动化问题的重点 故排除选项A B D
ꎬ 、 、 ꎮ
Passage Two
参考译文
看看你周围的人 有些人比较被动 有些人则更有进取心 有些人独自工作时效果最好 有
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
些人则渴望陪伴 我们很容易就能发现 这些生活在我们周围的人存在着巨大的差异 然
ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ (51)
而 当谈到来自其他地方的人时 我们似乎不可避免地会根据他们的国籍来对其定性
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
在谈及全国平均数据时 统计专家也经常犯同样的错误
(51) ꎬ ꎮ
最新发表的研究显示 这种做法错得离谱 三位研究人员分析了近几十年来基于价值观的调
ꎬ ꎮ
查 发现只有 %到 %的文化价值观差异可归因于国家的不同 换而言之 导致我们文化差异
ꎬ 16 21 ꎮ ꎬ
的绝大部分因素都与国籍无关
ꎮ
为确定哪些因素真正与文化相关 研究者综合了 项过往调查的数据 每项调查分别测量
ꎬ 558 ꎬ
了一个或多个霍夫斯泰德文化维度 这些维度特征 如个人主义 男性化气质 能体现与工作有
ꎮ ( 、 )
关的文化价值观 但它们不是食物 服装等有形文化特征的衡量标准 虽然霍夫斯泰德
ꎮ ( 、 ꎮ) (52)
文化维度的有效性一直受到质疑 但其独特优势在于经过数十年的应用 更便于进行历史和国际
ꎬ ꎬ
对比
ꎮ
研究人员发现 人口因素 如年龄 和环境因素 如长期失业率 与文化价值观的相关性都
ꎬ ( ) ( )
要大于国籍 职业和社会经济地位与文化的相关性最强 这表明我们的价值观比我们通常
ꎮ (53) ꎬ
认为的更受经济驱动
ꎮ
证据表明 职业和收入相近的人有着更为相近的文化 无论他们居住在哪里 该研究的主要
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
作者瓦斯 塔拉斯指出 只要告诉我你的收入 我就能对你的文化价值观做出相当准确的预判
: “ ꎬ ꎮ
但如果告诉我国籍 我很可能会误判
ꎬ ꎮ”
— 17 —塔拉斯表示 我们错误地将国家和文化对等 从而导致企业向员工灌输一些无用甚至
(54) ꎬ ꎬ
有害的方式与国际同行进行交往 尽管中美两国律师的社会经济地位相似 使得二者具有相似的
ꎮ ꎬ
个人主义意识 但他们接受的培训仍可能会基于中国人个人主义思想较弱这一假设
ꎬ ꎮ
作为权力单位 国家往往是对人口情况一概而论的便捷方式 然而 我们对国家的关注可能
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
掩盖了国家内部的广泛差异 在大多数时候 我们更好的做法是通过生活制约因素 比如
ꎮ (55) ꎬ (
收入 而非地图上的国界线来识别人群
) ꎮ
答案详解
What errordo expertsoften makewhen describing peoplefrom otherplaces 专家在描述其他地方
51 ? (
的人时常犯哪些错误
?)
A) They tend to overly rely on nationality (专家往往过度依赖国籍ꎮ)
B They often exaggerate their differences 专家经常夸大其他地方的人的差异
) ( ꎮ)
C They often misunderstand their cultures 专家经常误解其他地方的人的文化
) ( ꎮ)
D They tend to dwell on national averages 专家倾向于停留在全国平均水平上
) ( ꎮ)
【解析】 由error experts和describing people from other places可定位到第 段末句和第 段首
、 1 2
句 第 段末尾提到 在我们评价外国人时 我们常常根据他从哪个国家来去定义这
ꎮ 1 ꎬ ꎬ
个人 第 段开头提到 统计专家往往也会犯这个错误 因此选A项 选项B C文
ꎮ 2 ꎬ ꎮ ꎮ 、
中均未提及 故排除 原文说的是 谈及全国平均水平 而非停留在平均水平上
ꎬ ꎮ “ ”ꎬ ꎬ
故排除选项D
ꎮ
What do we learn about Hofstedes cultural dimensions 我们关于霍夫斯泰德文化维度有什么
52 ? (
了解
?)
A) They are useful in comparing cultural values across time and space (有助于跨时间和空间
对比文化价值ꎮ)
B They have brought unusual benefits to people of different cultures 给不同文化的人带来了非
) (
同寻常的益处
ꎮ)
C They are widely used to identify peoples individual traits 广泛应用于识别人们的个人
) (
特征
ꎮ)
D They provide valuable questions for researchers to study 为研究人员提供了有价值的研究
) (
问题
ꎮ)
【解析】 由Hofstedes cultural dimensions可定位到第 段第 句 文中提到 尽管霍夫斯泰德
4 4 ꎮ ꎬ
文化维度的有效性受到质疑 但它仍然有一个优点是使用历史久 便于历史和国际的
ꎬ ꎬ
对比 因此选A项 原文没有提到 不同寻常的好处 故排除选项 B 原文提到
ꎮ ꎮ “ ”ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ
霍夫斯泰德的文化维度是一系列特征 比如个人主义 男性气质等 但没有提到它可
ꎬ 、 ꎬ
以用于识别个人特征 故排除选项C 选项D文中未提及 故排除
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
What did researchers find about previous studies on factors determining peoples values 关于人们
53 ? (
价值观的决定因素的过往研究 研究人员发现了什么
ꎬ ?)
A Environmental factors were prioritized over other factors 环境因素优先于其他因素
) ( ꎮ)
— 18 —B) An individuals financial status was often underestimated (个人的财务状况经常被低估ꎮ)
C Too much emphasis had been placed on ones occupation 个人的职业被过分强调
) ( ꎮ)
D The impact of social progress on ones values was ignored 社会进步对个人价值观的影响被
) (
忽视
ꎮ)
【解析】 由previous studies on factors determining peoples values可定位到第 段第 句 文中
5 2 ꎮ
提到 职业和社会经济地位关联最强 这表明我们的价值观更多是经济驱动的 这与
ꎬ ꎬ ꎬ
我们惯常的认知不同 因此选B项 原文没有提到环境因素优先于其他因素 故排除
ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ
选项A 文中提到 职业和社会经济地位与文化的相关性最强 但没有提到 过分强
ꎮ ꎬ ꎬ “
调 故排除选项C 选项D文中未提及 故排除
”ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
What is the impact on employees when cultures are identified with countries 当文化被视作国家
54 ? (
时 员工会受到什么影响
ꎬ ?)
A They may fail to see the cultural biases of their business partners 员工可能看不到商业伙伴
) (
的文化偏见
ꎮ)
B They may fail to attach sufficient importance to cultural diversity 员工可能无法充分重视文
) (
化多样性
ꎮ)
C) They may not be taught how to properly interact with overseas partners (员工可能没有被
教导如何与海外合作伙伴正确互动ꎮ)
D They may not be able to learn the legal procedures for business transactions 员工可能无法学
) (
习商业交易的法定程序
ꎮ)
【解析】 由impact on employees和cultures are identified with countries可定位到第 段首句 文中
7 ꎮ
提到 我们的错误信念 国家是文化 导致了公司给员工传授了无用的 甚至是有害的
ꎬ ( ) ꎬ
跟外国伙伴互动的方式 因此选C项 选项A B D文中均未提及 故排除
ꎮ ꎮ 、 、 ꎬ ꎮ
What does the author suggest at the end of the passage 作者在文章的结尾表示什么
55 ? ( ?)
A There is sufficient reason to generalize about a countrys population 有充足的理由对某国家
) (
的人一概而论
ꎮ)
B The majority of people are still constrained by their national identity 大多数人仍然受限于他
) (
们的民族身份
ꎮ)
C It is arguable that the country should be regarded as the unit of authority 国家是否应该被视
) (
为权力单位存在争议
ꎮ)
D) Nationality islessuseful thansocio ̄economicstatusasanindicatorofonesvalues (把国籍
作为一个人的价值观的标志不如社会经济地位有用ꎮ)
【解析】 由the author suggest和the end of the passage可定位到第 段末句 文中提到 大多数
8 ꎮ ꎬ
情况下 我们最好是根据收入等可以限制生活的因素来判断人 而不是地图上的国界
ꎬ ꎬ
线 即他们来自哪个国家 因此选D项 原文提到国别是概括人的便捷方式 但没
( )ꎮ ꎮ ꎬ
有提到此句有充分的理由支撑 故排除选项A 选项B文中未提及 故排除 原文只
ꎬ ꎮ ꎬ ꎮ
提到国家作为权力单位 没有说这一点存在争议 故排除选项C
ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
— 19 —Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
Located at the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces Jinggang Mountain is honored as the Red
ꎬ “
Cradle of Chinese Revolution because of its glorious revolution history In October Mao Zedong
” 1927ꎬ ꎬ
Zhu De and other revolutionaries of the older generation led the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red
Army here to launch an arduous struggle They created the first rural revolution base ignited the sparks
ꎬ
of the Chinese revolution and blazed a revolutionary trail with Chinese characteristics named to besiege
“
the cities with the countryside and seize power by armed force It is right from here that the Chinese
”
revolution began marching towards victory With more than revolutionary sites Jinggang Mountain
100 ꎬ
has now become a revolutionary history museum without walls as well as an important education base
“ ”
for patriotism and revolutionary traditions
译文评析
第 句较长 包含了两处信息 井冈山的地理位置和在革命历史的地位 考生可根据这两
1 1 ꎬ : ꎬ
处信息拆分句子 可将 井冈山被誉为 中国革命红色摇篮 作为句子主干 地处湖南 江
ꎮ “ ‘ ’ ” ꎬ “ 、
西两省交界处 可译为过去分词短语修饰 井冈山 因其辉煌的革命历史 可译为because of
” “ ”ꎬ “ ” +
名词短语 交界处 可译为at thejunction of 辉煌的 可直译为glorious 被誉为 可译为be
ꎮ “ ” ꎻ “ ” ꎻ “ ”
honored as
ꎮ
第 句句子很长 结构较复杂 翻译时需要拆分 该句描述了老一辈革命家在井冈山的活
2 2 ꎬ ꎬ ꎮ
动和其意义 翻译时可从 斗争 和 革命道路 之后断开 分割为三句 第一句可将 革命家
ꎬ “ ” “ ” ꎬ ꎮ “
率领中国工农红军来到这里 作为主干 创建了第一个农村革命根据地 译为动词不定式短语
” ꎬ “ ” ꎮ
第二句中 可将 创建了 点燃了 开辟了 译为三个并列的动词短语 农村包围城市
ꎬ “ ” “ ” “ ” ꎬ “
中国特色的 则译为定语从句或用过去分词引导 后置修饰 道路 第三句含有强调之意 正
” ꎬ “ ”ꎮ (“
是在井冈山这里 可译为强调句型 艰苦卓绝的 直译为arduous 点燃 星星之火 可
” )ꎬ ꎮ “ ” ꎻ “ ”
译为ignite the sparks of 开辟 道路 对应译为blaze a trail 农村包围城市 武装夺取政
ꎻ “ ” ꎮ “ ꎬ
权 含义就是 用农村包围城市 用武装力量夺取政权 因此可对应译为 to besiege the cities
” “ ꎬ ”ꎬ
with thecountrysideand seizepowerby armed force power本身就有 政权 的意思 迈向 可直
ꎬ “ ” ꎮ “ ”
译为march towards
ꎮ
第 句句子较长 描述井冈山革命旧址的情况和井冈山的作用 可将 井冈山成为一个
3 3 ꎬ ꎬ “
博物馆 和 是 重要基地 并列作为主干 用 and 连接 现有 多处革命旧址 则
” “ ” ꎬ ꎬ “ 100 ”
译为介词短语表伴随 修饰 井冈山 没有围墙的 可以直接译为形容词 wallless 也可以用
ꎬ “ ”ꎮ “ ” ꎬ
介词短语without walls 爱国主义 译为patriotism
ꎻ “ ” ꎮ
— 20 —