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2016年6月大学英语四级考试（第3套） 2016年6月大学英语四级考试(第3套) Writing Part I (30 minutes) PartI Writing 30minutes ( ) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your Directions Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstoyour : , parents or any other family member upon making a memorable achiecvment.You should parentsoranyotherfamilymemberuponmakingamemorableachievement.Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 rcords. writeatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part II Reading Comprehension (40minutes) PartIII ReadingComprehension 40minutes ( ) Section A SectionA Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one DirectionsInthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone :word for each b,lank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter.Please mark the corres ponding letter for choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse any of the words in the bank more than once. anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Contrary to popular belief,older people generally do not want to live with their children. M ore oCveorn,t ramroystt oadpuolptu lcahribldelrieenf ,2o6l deevrerpye obpilte gaes nmeuraclhl ycadroe naontd wsaunptpotrotl itvoe twhitehirt haegiirncg hipladrreennt.s asM owraeso vtehre , cmaosset iand utlthec"hgilodorde nol d 2d6a yse"v,earnyd bmitosats omludcehr cpaeroepalned dsou pnpootr tfteoelt h2ei7ragingparents aswAasbotuhte c8a0s?e ipneotphlee “g6o5o dyeoalrds daaynsd ” o , ladnedr mhoasvte olldievrinpge ocphleilddorenno,tafnedel a bo2u7t 9.0? them have 28 Acobnotuatc8t0 w%itohf ptehoepilre 6c5hiyledarrsena.n dAboloduetr 7h5aovef lievlidnegrclhyi ldpraernen,tasn dwahboo duton9'0t% goof ttoh enmurhsaivneg h om2e8s livceo nwtiatchtin w3it0 hmitnhuetiresc ohfil darte nle.asAtb oounte o7f5 %theoifr eclhdielrdlryenp.arentswhodon􀆳tgotonursing homeHsowlievveerw,i t2h9i nh3a0vinmgi ncuotnetsaocft awtilteha stchoinledroefnt hdeoiersc hnioltd rgeuna.rantee happiness in old age. In fact, Hsoomwee vreers , ea rc2h9 h ash afvoiunngd ctohnatta cpteowpilteh cwhhiol darreen mdoosets innovtoglvueadra wniteteh htahpeipirn efsasmiilnieolsd haagvee .Itnhe lfoacwtes,ts osmpierrietsse.a rTchhihsa srefsoeuanrdcht hmaatyp eboep l3e0,w hhoowaerveerm,aosst iilnlv ohlevaeldthw itohfttehne imrafkaems iloielsdehra vpeeotphlee mloorwee s3t1 sapinrdi tsth.eTrheibsy reisnecarrecahsems acyonbteac t 3w0i th ,fhaomwileyv emre,mabserisll. hSeoa ltiht oifst emnorme alkiekseollyd etrhapte oppoloer hmeaolrteh, n3o1t juasntd tfhaemrielbyy iinncvroelavseemsecnotn,t a3c2t wsiptihrifatsm.ilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoor healtIhnc , renaostijnugslty,f armesileyaricnhveorlsv ehmaveen tbe , gu n3 2to losopkir iatts .the quality of relationships, rather than at the f I r n e c q r u e e a n s c i y n go l fy c , o r n e t s a e c a t r , c b h e e t r w s ee h n a v t e he b e egl u d n er t l o y l a o n o d k t a h t e t i h r e cqh u il al d i r t eyn. o f I r f e l p a a ti r o e n n s ts hi pa s nd , r c a h t i h l e d r re t n h a s n ha a r t e itnhteefrreesqtus eanncdy voaflcuoenst aacntd ,abgertewe eoenn cthhieldelrdeearrliynga npdratchteiicrecsh ialnddr ernel.iIfgipoaurse n3t3s, atnhdeyc hairled rleinkeslhya rteo e i n n j te o r y e s e t a s c a h n d ot v h a e lu r e ' s s a c n o d mp a agn re y e .D o i n sa c g hi r l e d e r m e e ar n i t n sg opn r ac s t u i c ce h s m a a n t d te re r l s i gi c o a u n s3 433 ca,utshee yparroeblliekmelsy. tIof peanrjeonytesa cahre otahngere􀆳rsedc obmy ptahneyir. Ddiasuagghrteeerm'esn tdsivoonrcseu, cdhismlaitktee rhserc annew h3u4sb andc,aaunsde dpirsoabplpermosve. Ioff hpoawr esnhtes airse raanigseirnegd tbheyitrh geirranddacuhgilhdterre􀆳ns,3d5i vaorrec et , hadits ltihkeey haerre nneowt hgouisnbga ntdo , eannjdoyd ihsearp pvriosvietso.f howsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren, 35 arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits. A)abandoned B)advanced C)biased D)chances A)abandoned B)advanced C)biased D)chances E)commitment F)dampens G)dependent H) distant IE) ) fcroemqumeitnmtent J F )f ) u d l a f m ipl e l n m s ent KG) ) gdreapenntdent LH)m)deirstealnty MI) ) pfrroeqvuiednet N J ) ) u fu n l d f e il r l s m t e a n n t dably O K ) ) un g r r e a a n l t istically L)merely M)provide N)understandably O)unrealistically Section B SectionB Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. DirectionsInthissection youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. :Each statement ,contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. 4 2016-6 四 四 级 级 试 试 题 题 （ ( 第 第 3套 套 ） ) ·4· 2016-6 3Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization? CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization? A)For many years I have studied global agricultural, population,environmental and economic A) tFroerndsm aannyd ytheeairrs Iinhtaevraecsttiuodnise.d Tghleo bcoalmbaignreidc uelftfuercatls , opfo ptuhloastei otnre , nednsv iarnodn tmhee nptoalliatnidcaelc otennosmioicns tthreeyn dgsenaenrdatteh epiroiinntt etroa cttihoen sbr.eTakhdeocwon mofbi ngeovdeerfnfmeecnttsso fantdh ossoeciteretinedss. aYnedt tIh,e ptoooli,thicaavle treenssiiostnesd tthhee yidgeean etrhaatte pfooiondt sthootrhteagberse ackodulodw nbroifngg odvoewrnn nmoetn tosnlayn dinsdoiciveitdiueasl. YgeotveIr , ntmoeont , sh abuvte raelssiost eodur gtlhoebaild ecaivtihlaitzaftoioodn.shortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoour globalcivilization. B)I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental B)dIecclainnenso tlhoantg earrei gunnodreermtihnatinrgi stkh.e Owuorrlcdo nftoiondu iencgonfoaimlyu rfeortcoesd emael twoit hcotnhcelueden vitrhoant mseunctha la cdoelcllaipnsees itsh aptosasriebluen.derminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsucha collapseispossible. C)As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing,the resulting food-price inflation C) pAutssd seemvaerned fsotrrefsoso donr istehse fgaosvteerrntmheanntss uopf plmiaensy arceougnrtoriweisn.g U , ntahbelree stuol tbiunyg gfroaoidn- porirc egrionwfl atthieoinr opwunt,shusnegvreyr epsetorpelses toankteh etog otvheer nstmreenettss.o fInmdaenedy,ceoveunn tbrieefsor.eU ntahbel estteoepb ucyligmrbai nino rgrgarionw ptrhieciers ionw 2n0,08h,utnhger ynupmeboeprl eotfa kfeaitloitnhge ssttarteeetss w.Ians deexepda,nedvienng.b eIffo rtehteh feosotde espitcluiamtiboinn cgornatininpureisc etso wionrs2e0n0,8en,ttihree nnautmiobnesr woifllf aiblrienagk sdtoatwens atw aasn eexvpear nidnincrge.aIsfintgh eraftoeo.d Isni ttuhaeti o2n0thc ocnetinntuureys ttohe mwaionr stehnre , aetn ttior einntaetrinoantsiownialll sberceuarkitdyo wwans astupaenrpeowveerr icnocnrfelaiscitn;g troadtaey .iItn itsh efa2i0ltihng csetnattuersy.the mainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates. D) States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security,food security D) aSntda tbesasfiacil swochieanl nsaetirovniaclesg osvuecrhn mase netdsuccaantinoon laonndg ehreaplrtohv idcaerpee.r sWohneanl gsoevceurrintmyen , tfso oldosseec tuhrietiyr caonndtrboals iocn spoociwaelr,slearwvi caensd sourcdhera sbeegdiunc attoi odnisainndtehgeraaltteh. cAafrtee.r Wah eponingto,vceorunnmtreinetss lcoasne btehceoimre scoo ndtarnogleornoupso twheart, lfaoowd arnedlioerfd ewrobrekgeirns taoredi snion tleognrgaeter .sAafftee ranadp toihnetir, cporuongtrraimess caarne bheaclotemde. Fsaoildianngg esrtoautess tahraet foof oidntreerlineaftiwonoarlk ecrosncaerren nboeclaounsgee rthseayf earaen da tsohueirrcep roofg traermrsorairsets,hdalrtuegds,. Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs, weapons and re r f e u f g u ee g s e （ es 难民难）民，threatening political stability everywhere. weaponsand ( ),threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere. E)The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food E) sTechueristuyr—gheasi na wdiofrflderegnrta,i nmoprrei ctersouibnli2n0g 0q7uaalnidty 2t0h0a8n — thaen dintchreeastehsr eoaft tthhee ypaspto.s eDutroinfgo othde s s e e c c o u n r d it yof — h t a h s e a 20 d t if h f e c r e e n n t t u , ry m , o r g e r t a r i o n u b p l r i i n cgesq u r a o li s t ey t d h r a a n ma t t h i e ca in l c l r y e a s s e e v s er o a f l t h t e impe a s s . t . I D n u r 1 i 9 n 7g2, t f h o e r isnesctoanndceo,f tthhee S2o0vtihetcse,nrteucroyg,nigzrianign tphrieciers prooosre hdarravmesatti ceaallrylys,eqvueireatllyti mcoersn.eIrned 1t9h7e2 ,wofrolrd wihnesatat nmcaer,kteht.e ASso vai ertses,ulrtec,owhgenaizti npgritcheesi relpsoeowrhehrear vmeosrte etahralny d,oquubileetdl,ypuclolrinnegr erdicteh eanwd ocroldrn pwrihceeast umpa rwkietth. Athseam.r esBuultt t , hwihse aatndp roictehserel sperwichee rsehomcokrse twhearen deovuenbtle-ddr , ipvuelnli—ngdrroicueghatn dinc otrhne Sporviiceets uUpniowni,t hcrtohpe-msh.rBinuktintghi sheaantd ino tthheer Up.riSc.e Csohronc kBseltw.e rAende vtehnet -rdirisveesn w—erder osuhgohrtt-ilnivtehde: pSroivcieest tUypniiocanl,lycr orept-usrhnriend ktino gnohremaatl inwitthh ethUe .Sne.xCt ohranrvBeesltt..Andtheriseswereshort-lived: pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest. F)In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven,making it unlikely to F)rIenvecrosnet rwaistth,otuhte ar erceevnetrssuarlg eini nthweo rtlrdengdrsai nthpermisceelsviess.tr eOnn d-tdhrei vdeenm,anmd askiindge,i tthuonsliek etlryentdos irnecvleurdsee twhiteh oonugtoainrge vaedrdsiatlioinn tohfe mtorreen dtshatnh e70m smeillvleiso.n Opneotphlee dae ymeaanrd,as igdreo , witnhgo sneumtbreern dosf pienocpluled ewtahnetionng gtooin mgovaed duitpi otnheo ffomodo rcehtahian nto7 0comnislulimoen hpiegohlpyle garayiena-rin , taengsriovew imnegatn uprmobdeurctosf, peoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts, and the massive d d i i v v e e r r s s i i o o n n （转转向向）of U.S.grain to the production of bio-fuel. andthemassive ( )ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel. G)As incomes rise among low-income consumers,the potential for further grain consumption G)iAs shiungceo.m Beustr itsheata mpootnegnltoiawl-i npcaolemse bceosnisdue mtehres ,netvheer-peontedinntiga ldfeomranfdu rtfhorer cgrroapi-nbacsoends ufmuepltiso.n A fiosurhtuhg eof. Bthuits tyheaatr'pso tUe.nS.ti aglrapianl ehsarbveessitd ewitlhle gon etvoe rf-ueenld icnagrs.demandforcrop-basedfuels.A fourthofthisyear􀆳sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars. 2016-6 四 四 级 级 试 试 题 题 （ ( 第 第 3套 套 ） ) 5 2016-6 3 ·5·H)What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss H)ofW htaotpsaobiolu tasnudp tplhye ?rTishientgh rteeempeenrvairtounremse—ntaarlet rmeankdisng— tihte isnhcorretaagseinogflfyr ehsahrdw attoe re,xtphaendl otshse woofrltdo'pss ogilraainn dsutphpelyr ifsiansgt etneomugphe rattou rkeesep — uarpe wimtah kdinemganitd.i nOcfr eaalsli ntghloyseh atrrdendtos,heoxwpeavnedr, tthhee swproreladd􀆳 sofg rwaiantesru psphloyrtfaagstese npoousgesh ttohek emeopstu pimwmietdhiadteem athnrde.aOt.f aTlhlet hboisgegetrsetn cdhsa , lhloenwgeev ehrer , et hies isrprriegaadtioofn,wwahtiecrhs hcoorntsaugmeess p7o0soefs tthhee wmorolstd'ism fmreedsiha tweattherre.a tMi.lTlhieonbsi gogfe sitrrcihgaallteinogne wheelrles iisn mirarniyg actioounnt,riwehsi cahrec onnoswu mpuemsp7in0g% waotfetrh eouwt oorfld 􀆳usndferresgrhouwnadt esro.urMciellsi ofnasstoefri rtrhiagnat iroaninwfaelllls cinan manycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcan refill them. The result is falling water tables（地下水位）in countries with half the world's watertables 地下水位 preeofiplllet,hienmcl.udTihneg rtehseul tthisrefea llbiingg grain produce ( rs—China, ) Iinndcioau anntrdi etshew iUt.hS.halftheworld􀆳s people,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China,IndiaandtheU.S. I)As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry,China's wheat crop, the I)wAosrlwd'ast erlatragbelsets,hhaasv edefcalllienneda nbdy i8rsriignactei oint wpeelalksedh aavte 1g2o3n emidlrlyio,nC thoinnsa􀆳 sinw 1h9e9a7t. crBoutp ,wattheer swhoorrltda􀆳gsesla ragree stev,ehna smodreec lwionrerdyibnyg 8i%n Isnidnicae.i tMiplelaikoends aotf 1i2r3rimgailtliioonn twoelnlssi nha1v9e9 7si.gBniufticwaanttelry lsohwoerrteadg ewsataerre teavbelnesm ionr ealwmoosrtr yienvegriyn sItnatdiea..Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantly loweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate. J) As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self- J) iAntsetrheset waorrel da􀆳cstfuoaolldy sweocrusrietnyinfga lltshet otrpoiuebcleess , ionf dimvaindyu.a lThceo utnrternide sbeagctainn gini n20t0h7e,iwrheonw nlesaedlifn-g wihnetaerte-setxpaorretaicntgu acloluyntwroiresse nsiuncgh tahse tRruosusbilae sanodf Amragneynt.iTnhae ltirmeintdedb eogra nbiannn2e0d0 7th,eiwrh eenxpleoartdisn,gin hwohpeesat -oefx pionrctrienagsicnogu nltoriceasl sfuocohd assupRpulsiseias aanndd tAhregreenbtyin barliinmgiitnegd odrowbna ndonmeedstthieci rfeooxdp oprrtsic , eisn. V h i o ept e n s a o m f b i a n n cr n e e a d s i i n tgs lo e c x a p l or fo t o s d f s o u rp ps l e i v es er a a n l d m t o h n e t r h e s b yfo b r r in tgh i e n gsa d m o e w r n ea d s o o m n. es t S i u c c f h o o m d ovpe r s i ce m s ay . eVliiemtinnaatme bthaen nfeedarist sofe txhpoosret slifvoirngs eivn etrhale emxpoonrtthisngf ocroutnhtreiessa,m beutr etahseoy na.reS uccrheatminogv epsanimca iyn iemlipomritniantge ctohuenfterairess otfhatth omsuestli vrienlgy ionn twhheaet xipso rtthienng lceofutn tfroire se,xpbourttt.heyarecreatingpanicin importingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport. K)In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long- K) tIenrmr etsrpaodnes eagtroetehmoesnetsr etshtaritc twioounlsd , lgoracikn -uipm pfourttuirneg gcroauinnt riseusppalrieestr.y iFnogodt-oimnpaoilrtd oanwxnieltoyn gi-s etveernm lteraaddienga gtroe enemwe netfsfotrhtast bwy ofuolodd-loimcpkorutpinfgu tcuoruentgrriaeisn tsou pbpulyi eosr. Fleoaosde- ifmapromrltanadn ixine toythiesr c e o v u e n n tr l i e e a s d . i n Ign t s o pi n t e e w o e f f f s o u r c t h s t b eymp f o o r o a d r - y i m mepa o s r u ti r n egs, c s o o u a n r t i r n ie g s f t o o od b u pryic o e r s l e a a n s d e s f p a r r e m ad la in n g d h i u n ng o e t r h e i r n m c a o n u y n t o r t i h e e s r . I c n ou s npt it r e ie o s f s ar u e c h b t e e gi m npn o i r n a g r yto m b e r a e s a u k r e d s o , wn s o t a h ri e n gso f c o i o a d l po r r i d ce e s r. andspreadinghungerin manyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder. L) Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it L) mSuisncte bteh erceuvrerresnetd.w oWrled mfuosotd schuotr tcaagrebiosnt reemnids-sdiriovnesn b , yt h8e0e?novmi rtohnemiern t2a0l0t6r elnedvsetlhsa tbcya u2s0e20it, smtaubsitlbizeer etvheer sweodrl.dW'se pmoupsutlactuitonc aartb oenigehmti sbsiilolnisonb yby8 02%040f,r ocmomtphleeitrel2y0 0r6emleovveel spobvyer2t0y2,0an , d r s e t s a t b o il r i e z e f t o h r e est w s o r a l n d􀆳 d s spo o ilps u . la t T i h o e n re a t is e igno h t t hi bi n l g li o n n ew b aybo 2 u 0 t 4 0 th , e c o f m oupr l e o te b l jyec r t e i m ve o s v . e Ipn o d v e e e r d t ,ywe , a h n a d ve m r a es d t e o r s e u f b o s r t e a s n t t s i a a n l d p s r o o il g s r . es T s h e i r n e i s s om n e o th p i a n rgts n e o w f a t b h o e u t wo t r h l e d f o o u n r a o t b jl e e ct a i s v t e s o . n I e n d o e f e d t , he w s e e— ha t v h e e dmisatdreibsuutibosnt aonft iaflamiplryo-gprleasnsnining sseorvmiecesp aarntds tohfe atshseociwaotreldd shoinft atto lsemaasltleor nfeamoiflietsh.ese—the distributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies. M) For many in the development community,the four objectives were seen as positive, M) pFroormotmianngy dinevtehleopdmeevnetl opasm elnotngc oams mtuhneityy d , itdh enofto ucroostbj etcotiov emsucwhe.rOethseeerns assawp otshietimv ea , s pporloitmioctailnlgy dceorvreeloctp manedn tmoarsallloyn agpparsoptrhieayte.d iNdown ao tthciorsdt atnodo famr umcohr.e Ositghneirfsicsaanwt mtohteivmataison pproelsiteinctalsl yitcosrerlefc:t amneedtimnogr atllhyesaep pgrooaplrsia tmeay. Nboew naectehsirsdarayn dtofa rprmevoerents itghneif iccaolntlampsoeti voaft ioounr cpi r v e i s l e i n z t a s ti i o t n s . el f Ye : t m t e h e e t i c n ogst t w h e e s p e rogj o ec al t s fo m r a syav b i e ng n c e i c v e i s l s i a z r ayti t o o n wpo r u e l v d e n a t mo t u h nt e t c o o l l la esps s e th o a f n o $2 u 0 r 0 civilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200 billion a year,1/6 of current global military spending.In effect,our plan is the new sbeiclluirointya byuedagre,t.1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenew ·6 s · ecuritybudget. 2016-6 四四级级试试题题（(第第 3套套）) ·6· 2016-6 336. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more 36.pTeohpelem owraenrte cteon tcsotneseupmecl immeabti nprgordaiunctpsr.icespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmore peoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts. 37. Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages. 37.Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages. 38. Rather than superpower conflict,countries unable to cope with food shortages now 38.cRonastthietrutteh atnhe smuapienr ptohrweeart ctoo nwfloircltd , sceocuunrtirtiye.sunabletocope withfoodshortagesnow constitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity. 39. Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning. 39.Somepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning. 40. The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of 40.wTorhled acuitvhiolrizhaatsiocno.metoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseof worldcivilization. 41.Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstacle to boosting the world's grain production. 41.Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld􀆳sgrainproduction. 42.The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world's current 42.mTilhietacroys tsfpoerndsianvgi.ngourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld􀆳scurrent militaryspending. 43.To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports. 43.Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports. 44.Environmental problems must be solved to ease the current global food shortage. 44.Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage. 45.A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars. 45.Aquarterofthisyear􀆳sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars. Section C SectionC Directions; There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or Directions Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor : unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B C ), ), ) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on andD .Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron ) Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Passage One PassageOne Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain fu nc tiDoenc laincitnugallmye nbteaglifnu tnhcteiiorn disecolfitneen isene ynoausnga apdruolbtlheomodo,fa olndewa gsetu , dbyu tsucgegrteasitns.aspectsofbrain functTihoen satctuudyal,l ywhbiecghi nftohleliorwedde clmionreei nthyaonu2,n0g0a0 dhueltahlothoyd , aadunletsw bsettuwdeyens utghgee satgse.s of 18 and 60, found Tthheatst ucedryt,aiwnh imcehntfaolll ofwunecdtimoonrse—tihnacnl2ud,i0n0g0 mheeaasltuhryesa doufl tasbsbtetrawcete nretahseoangiensg,o fme1n8taanl ds6p0ee,d afnodu npudztzhleat-scoelrvtianign—smteanrttaeld ftuon cdtuiloln sa — s ienacrlluyd iansg agmee a2s7u.resofabstractreasoning,mentalspeed andDpiupzsz lei-ns omlveimnogry—,smteaartnewdhitloed,uglelnaesraelalrlyy baescaagmee 2a7p.parent around age 37. ODni ptshien omtheemr ohrayn , d,mienadnicwahtiloers , goefn ear aplleyrsboenc'asm aecacupmpualraetnetda rkonuonwdleadggee—37li.ke performance on tests Oonf tvhoecoatbhuelrarhya nadnd, ingedinceartaolr skonfowalepdegrseo—n􀆳ksepatc ciummpruloavtiendg kwniotwhl eadggee,a—clciokredipnergf otrom fainncdeiongns testsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging. NeurobiologyofAging. publiTshhee dreisnutlhtse jdoou rnnoatl mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most pTehoeplree'ssu lmtsinddos nfuontctmieoann atth aat hyioghu nlgevaedlu letvsenn eiend tthoeisrta rltatwero ryreyairnsg,aacbcoourtditnhge itro mreesmeoarricehse.r TMimoostthpye oSpalle􀆳tshomuisned.sfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcher Tim"oTthheyseS aplatthtoeursnes .suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulth“oTohde,s ebupta tttheratn stshue gagmeosutntth aotf skonmowelteydgpee soonfe mhaesn,taanldf ltehxei bielfitfyecdteicvreenaesses roelfa tiinvteelygreaatrilnyg init adulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegra · tin 7g· it 2016-6 四级试题（第 3套） 四级试题(第 套) 2016-6 3 ·7·with one's abilities,may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases," Swalitthhoousnee 􀆳ssaiadb iliinti eas n,ewmsa yrelineacrseea.sethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,” SalthTohues esstauiddyi ninacnleuwdesdr ehleeaaslet.hy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reason T i h n e g a st n u d d pyer i c n e c p l t u i d o e n d at h e t a h l e t h oyut , se e t d u a c n a d t e a d t s a o d m u e l t p s oi w nt h o ove t r o o t k he s t n a e n xt d a s r e d ve t n e s y t e s ar o s f . memory, reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears. The tests are designed to detect s u su bt b l t e le（细细微微的的）changes in mental function，and involve solvinTgh eputzezsltess,arreecadlelsiinggn ewdortdos daentde cdtetails fr ( om stori ) ecsh, aanngde sidienntmifeynitnagl pfautntcetrinosn i , na ncdolilnecvtoilovnes osfo llveitntgerpsu zaznleds s,yrmebcoalllsi.ngwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollections oflettersandsymbols. In general，Salthouse and his colleagues found，certain aspects of cognition（认知能力） cognition 认知能力 generaIlnlyg esntearratled, Staol tdheocluisnee ainnd thhies lcaotlel e2a0gsu teos 3f0osu.nd,certainaspectsof ( ) generTahlel yfistnadritnegds tsohedde clliingehti nont hneolramtael 2a0gse-tore3l0atse.d changes in mental function, which could aid Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaid in understanding the process of d d e e m m e e n n t t i i a a （痴痴呆呆），according to the researchers. inun " d B e y r s f t o a l n l d o in wgin t g h e inpd r i oc v e i s d s ua o l f s over tim ( e,"Sa ) l , t a h c o c u o s r e di n sgai t d o , t " h w e e r g e a se i a n r c i h n e s r i s g . ht in cognition change “ sB,y anfodl lmoawyi npogssiinbdliyvi dduisalcsoveorv ewraytsi mteo , s ” lSoawl tthhoeu sreates aiodf , de “ clwieneg."aininsightincognition chanTghees ,reasnedarmchaeyrsp oasrsei bclyurdriesnctolvye ranwalayyzsitnog stlhoew stthudeyr aptaertoifcidpeacnlitnse'h.”ealth and lifestyle to see which Tfhaectroersse amricghhetr sinafrleuecnucrer eangtley-raenlaaltyezdi ncgogtnhietisvteu dchyanpgaersti.cipants􀆳healthandlifestyletosee whichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges. 46. What is the common view of mental function? 46.AW)Ihta tviasritehse cforommm poenrsvoien wtoo fpemresnotna.lfunctiCo)nIt ? gradually expands with age. B A )I ) t I t w v e a a r k i e e n s s f r i o n m onpe e ' r s s o l n at t e o rp y er e s a o rs n . . D C )I ) t I t ingd r i a c d a u t a e l s l yo e ne x 'ps a n h d e s al w t i h t h co a ngd e it . ion. B)Itweakensinone􀆳slateryears. D)Itindicatesone􀆳shealthcondition. 47. What does the new study find about mental functions? 47.Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions? A) Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline. A)Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline. B)They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people. C B )T ) he T y h e ayre r e c a l c o h se a lyp e r a e k la a t t e t d h e to a gp e hy o s f ic 2 a 0 l f o a r nd m m o e s n t tapl e o epx l e e r . cise. DC) ) STomhee yofa rtehcelmo sbeelgyirne ltaot eddetcolipnhe ywsihceanl paenodplmee natrael setxielrlci syeou.ng. D)Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung. 48. What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases? 48. A W )T h h a e t y d t o e e n s d T t i o m d o e t c h lyin S e a l i t n h o p u e s o e pl s e a 'ys a l b a o t u e t r py e e o apr l s e . 􀆳smindsinmostcases? BA)T ) heTihre yflteexnidbitloitdye cdleitneerimninpees oopnlee􀆳'ss laabtielriytieeasr.s. C B )T ) he T y h e f ir un f c le ti xi o b n i li q t uyit d e e t w e e r l m l i n e e v s en o n i e n 􀆳s o a l b d i li a t g ie e s . . C)Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage. D)Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved. D)Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved. 49.Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age,they_. 49.Althoughpeople􀆳smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they . A)may be better at solving puzzles A)maybebetteratsolvingpuzzles B)can memorize things with more ease B)canmemorizethingswithmoreease C)may have greater facility in abstract reasoning C)mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use D)canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse 50.According to Salthouse, their study may help us ___. 50.AA)cfcionrdd iwnagysto tSoa lstlhoowu sdeo , wtnh eoiurrs tmuednytaml adyechlelipneus . A)findwaystoslowdownourmentaldecline B)find ways to boost our memories B)findwaystoboostourmemories C) understand the complex process of mental functioning C)understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning D)understand the relation between physical and mental health · 8 D · )understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth 2016-6 四级试题（第 3 套） 四级试题(第 套) ·8· 2016-6 3Passage Two PassageTwo Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage. The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleaboutthe educational needs of children.The s h s o h r o t r h t a h n a d nd（简简写写）educators use for this is"pre-K"—meaning iendsutrcautcitoinoanl bneefeodrse okfindcehrilgdarretnen.一Tahned the big ide(a is to) eprdeupcaarteo r4s-yuesaer-foolrdst hainsd iesven“ pyroeu-nKge”r— kimdesa ntion gbe rienasdtryu tctoi osnucbceefeodr eokni ntdheerigra rKt-e1n2 — jaonurdntehye.bigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobe readByutto istu cgceetesd coonmtphleiicratKe-d1.2 Tjoheu rcnoenyc.ept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about Btuhtei tshgaeptes,csocomppel iacnatde dco.sTt hoef ctohnec eipdteahla sprmogurltaimp.leforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargue aboutThteh efsehdaepreal, sHceoapde aSntdarcto sptroofgtrhaem,i dleaalunpcrhoegrda 5m0. years ago, has served more than 30 million childrTehne. fIetd ewraals bHaesaedd oSnta rctonpcreopgtrsa dme , vellaoupnecdh eadt 5Va0ndyeerabrislta gUoni , vhearssitseyr'vse dPeamboordey tChoalnleg3e0 bym ilSluiosnan G c r h a il y d , r e t n he . I l t eg w e a n s dar b y a s p e i d on o e n er c o in n c e e apr t l s y d c e h v i e l l d o hpo e o d d a e t duc V a a t n i d o e n r b r i e l s t ea U rc ni h v . ersity􀆳sPeabodyCollegebySusan GrayA , tnheew lPeegaebnoddayr ystpiuodnye eorf intheea rTleyncnheislsdeheo oVdoleudnutcaartiyo nPrree-seKa rpcrhog.ram reports that pre-K works, but the gaAinns eawreP enaotb osduystsatiundeyd otfhtrhoueghT etnhnee stsheierdV gorlaudnet.a rIyt Psreee-mKs ptroo gmrea tmhirse phoirgthsltihghattsp rqeu-aKlitwyo riksssu,ebs uitn etlheemegnaitnasrya rsechnoootlss umstoarien etdhatnh rporueg-hK,tahned tihnirddicgartaedse l.oItngseere-mtesrmto sumcecetshsi smuhisgth lciognhntesctq uparliet-yKi swsiutehs ailnl tehlee motehnetra riysssucehso orleslamteodr etot headnucpartei-ngK a , acnhdilidn.dicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithall theoPtrhee-rK iisss uceosntrreolavteersditaol.e Sdoumcea tcirnigtiacsc hsialyd .it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K Padrve-ocKatiess cionnstirsotv eirts iiasl .pSroovmeen carnidti cwsilsla ysuitcciesead liufx iunrtyegarnadtesdh owuiltdh nt􀆳theb erefsrte eotfo tfhae mcihliielsd'asb lsechtooolpianyg.. IP rlee-anK taodwvaorcda ttehsei nlsaitstteirt ivsiepwr.ovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild􀆳sschooling. IleanThtiosw iasr,ditnh eanlya tctearsev,i etwhe. right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She waTsh itsheis f , iirnsta ncyancdaisdeat , et hteo risgphetakc oonuvte rfsoart isotnrotongb eprhea-Kvi npgrongroawmmaisngM. aTyhoer iMmpeogratnanBta rtrhyintga kiess fooffri cael.l oSfh ues wtaos kteheep fiirns tmicnadn dtihdea treetaol sgpoeaalk aondu ttfhoer lsotrnogenrg, pbrieg-gKerp rpoigcrtaurme.ming.Theimportantthingisforall ofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture. The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early i n i te n r t v e e r n v t e i n o t n ion干（干预预）works. What governTmehnet wheaisg hntoto fyetth efoeuvnidd einsc ethies poonlitthiecasli dweilolf tpor ep-uKt tthhaatt euanrdleyrstanding into( full p)rwaocrtkisce. wWithha ta sgeoqvueernncem oefn tshmaarstn socthyoeotlifnogu nthdaits ptrhoevipdoelsit itchael ewairlllyt ofopuuntdatthiaotn.understandingintofullpracticewitha sequFeonrc ethoifss pmuarrptossce,hoouorli nsgchtohoalts pnreoevdi dbeostht hteheea rtlaylefnotu nadnadt itohne .organization to educate each child who arriveFso ratth itshep usrcphoosoel,hoouurses cdhoooorl.s nSeoemde bsohtohw tuhpe traelaednyt,a nbdutt hmeanoryg adoni znaotito natt otheidsu ccatreiteiaccahlc htiilmde wwhhoen yaorurnivge sbraatintsh earsec hdoeovlehlooupsiengd roaopri.dSlyo.meshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhen youngbrainsaredevelopingrapidly. 51. What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education? 51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation? A) It should cater to the needs of individual children. A)Itshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren. B)It is essential to a person's future academic success. C B ) ) S I c t ho is la e r s s s e a n n t d i al po t l o ic a ympa e k r e s r o s n 􀆳 h s a f v u e t u d r i e ff a e c r a e d n e t m o i p c i s n u i c o c n e s s s ab . out it. C)Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit. D) Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development. D)Parentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildren􀆳sdevelopment. 52. What does the new Peabody study find? 52.WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind? A)Pre-K achievements usually do not last long. A)Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong. B)The third grade marks a new phase of learning. B)Thethirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning. C)The third grade is critical to children's development. D C )Q ) u T al h i e t t y h i h r a d s gn r o a t d e b i e s e c n r i t ti h c e a l t t o o p c c h o il n d c r e e r n n 􀆳 s of d e p v r el e o -pK m p e r n o t gr . ams. D)Qualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms. 2016-6 四四级级试试题题（(第第 3套套）) 9 2016-6 3 ·9·53. When does the author think pre-K works the best? 53.Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest? A) When it is accessible to kids of all families. A)Whenitisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies. B) When it is made part of kids'education. C B )W ) he W n h e i n t i i t s i s no m a l d o e ngpe a r r t co of ns k i i d d e s r 􀆳 e e d d u a c a l t u i x o u n r . y. C)Whenitisnolongerconsideredaluxury. D) When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids. D)Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids. 54.What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry? 54.WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry? A) She knows the real goal of education. A)Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation. B)She is a mayor of insight and vision. B)Sheisamayorofinsightandvision. C) She has once run a pre-K program. C)Shehasoncerunapre-Kprogram. D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K. D)Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K. 55. What does the author think is critical to kids'education? 55.Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids􀆳education? A) Teaching method. C) Early intervention. BA)K ) iTdsea'c hiinntgermesetth.od. D C )P ) a E r a e r n ly ts in ' t i e n r v v o e l nt v i e o m n e . nt. B)Kids􀆳interest. D)Parents􀆳involvement. Part IV Translation (30 minutes) PartIV Translation 30minutes ( ) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into Directions Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto : , English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2. 功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需 功夫 KungFu 是中国武术 的俗称 中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需 ( ) (martialarts) 。 要要、狩狩猎猎活活动动以以及及古古代代中中国国的的军军事事训训练练。它它是是中中国国传传统统体体育育运运动动的的一一种种，年年轻轻人人和和老老年年人人都都练练。 、 。 , 。 它它已已逐逐渐渐演演变变成成了了中中国国文文化化的的独独特特元元素素。作作为为中中国国的的国国宝宝，功功夫夫有有上上百百种种不不同同的的风风格格，是是世世界界上上 。 , , 练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传 练得最多的武术形式 有些风格模仿了动物的动作 还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想 神话和传 。 , 、 说的启发。 说的启发 。 · 10· 2016-6四级试题（第3 套） 四级试题(第 套) ·10· 2016-6 3