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【考研英语一】主题词 + 真题带写
主题词是图画作文的一个要素,根据英一历年真题(1998-2024),我们可以将其归纳成五个
母主题(个人发展、社会道德、文化、环保和科技)和25个分主题(见思维导图黑体字)。
食
主题词分类
美
语
英
的
a
n
o
i
F
:
站
B
/
号
众
公
1鉴于主题词覆盖范围广,灵变度较高,难以精准捕捉,所以不建议撒网式背诵,一是百密有
疏,二是性价比太低。
推荐方法是,掌握几个大类的基础表达,辅以构词方法,然后随机应变,构造出我们需要的
食
主题词。
美
主题词构词法
语
英
的
a
n
o
i
F
:
站
上图是构词法概览(详解见《主题词构词法》),下面就利用这些方法,逐一给出25个分主
B
/
题的主题词变体,并辅以真题例句。
号
众 个人发展(Personal Growth)
公
——逆境应对(Reaction to adversity)
坚持 通用构词法:moving forward(勇往直前);being
Perseverance
determined(坚定不移)
疑问词构词法:what keeps us going / what drags us down
(分别指代“坚持”和“不坚持”)
2直接套用法:the mechanism of determination(毅力的原动
力);the fabric of unyielding spirit(不屈精神的构成)
乐观 通用构词法:being optimistic/hopeful(乐观主义/充满希
Optimism;
望); lifting you up in spirits / lifting one’s spirits(振奋精神) 食
Positive
thinking
对照构词法:optimism versus pessimism(乐观 VS悲观) 美
直接套用法: a willingness to see the silver lining(愿意看到
语
事情的积极面);a sense of hopefulness(满怀希望的感觉)
英
历练 通用构词法:braving the storm(直面风雨); staying resilient
的
Trials and
in adversity(逆境中坚韧不拔)
hardships
a
n
疑问词构词法:how we should face the storm head-on(怎样
o
迎头直面风雨) i
F
直接套用法:a :willingness to face challenges head-on(愿意直
面挑战); the mechanism of growth through challenges(在挑
站
战中成长的机理/过程)
B
/
自信 通用构词法:yelling away low spirits (喊走低落的情绪);
号
Self-confidence
shaking off the shackles of fear(摆脱恐惧的枷锁)
众
疑问词构词法:what keeps us going / what drags us down
公
(分别指代“积极心态”和“消极心态”)
直接套用法:a willingness to face challenges(愿意面对挑
战);a sense of confidence in adversity (在困境中充满信
心)
3表格中的主题词变体形式主要用于引导思路,不必逐一记忆。但其中有些表达可以一当十,
比如上面几个标红短语就适用于多数“逆境”话题,具有很强的“普适性”,建议背诵。
为方便记忆,我将这些短语串联成句,必要时大家还可以用其充当语句素材。
食
美
标红短语串联成句:
语
Yell away low spirits and shake off the shackles of fear! We should move forward and
英
stay resilient in adversity, while focusing on what keeps us going rather than what
的
drags us down.
a
n
喊走低落的情绪,摆脱恐惧的枷锁!我们应当勇往直前,在逆境中保持坚韧,聚焦前行的力量,
o
i
无视那些令人止步不前的因素。
F
:
站
下面给出真题例句,展示主题词如何与模板句结合应用:
B
/
主题词+模板句:
号
例句1:The picture offers an inspiring glimpse into the response shaped by optimism
众
versus pessimism. (2012:乐观与悲观)
公
关于乐观主义与悲观主义形成的反应,这幅图片充满启示。
例句 2:Tapping into the essence of perseverance, there is every reason to move
forward through hardships. (2019:爬山途中)
鉴于“坚持”的本质,我们完全应该在困境中勇往直前。
4注:例句标红部分是表格中给出的主题词或其变体的应用;一般情况下,tapping into 后面都可以接 the
essence of+子主题词;there is every reason to后面可以接通用构词法项下给出的“原形”表达。
个人发展(Personal Growth)
食
——学习成长(Growth and learning)
美
全面发展 通用构词法:getting comprehensive growth(获得全面成长)
语
All-around
对照构词法:specialization versus comprehensive development
development
英
(专业化VS综合发展)
的
直接套用法:a sense of balance in all aspects of growth(在各
a
方面成长中找到平衡)
n
o
梦想/主见 通用构词法:being dream-driven(被梦想所驱动); being
i
Dream; F
action-oriented(以行动为导向)
Following :
one's heart
对照构词法:"expectations from others” versus “the whispers
站
of our inner soul"(“他人的期望” VS “内心的声音”)
B
直/接套用法:the fabric of dream(梦想的构成);a sense of
号
enthusiasm in all endeavors(奋斗过程中的激情)
众
永不止步 通用构词法:advancing forward(前进);being relentless in
公Never stop
progress(过程当中不松懈)
疑问词构词法:why it is important to never stop progressing
(永不止步的重要性)
直接套用法:the mechanism of continuous growth(持续成长
的原理);a willingness to keep growing(不断进步的意愿)
5行动力 通用构词法:being action-oriented(以行动为导向);being
Action and
proactive in tasks (积极完成任务)
motivation
对照构词法:initiative versus passivity(主动性 VS被动性)
直接套用法:the mechanism of taking initiative(采取主动 食
的原动力);a willingness to take an action(行动的意愿)美
语
在用对照构词法构建主题词时,versus两边的引号主要起一个强调作用,可有可无。当versus
两边都是词组时,建议加引号,使意群更明晰;两边都是单个词英,或者一边是单个词,另一边
是词组时,一般不需要加引号;还有一些非常规名词,建的议加引号,比如:“quitting” versus
“persevering”。
a
n
标红短语串联成句: o
i
F
The whispers of our inner soul inspire a sense of enthusiasm in all endeavors, while
:
the mechanism of taking initiative lies in being both dream-driven and action-
站
oriented.
B
/
内心的呼唤可以激发奋斗过程中的激情;同时,采取主动的原理在于,既要有梦想驱动,也
号
要以行动为导向。
众
主题词+模板句:
公
例句1:The path to self-realization should be approached by a shift in mindset:
translating our focus on “expectations from others” into that on “the whispers of
our inner soul”. (2021:坚持自己的喜好)
6通往自我实现的道路需要观念的转变:将我们的关注重点从“他人的期望”转移到“内心的
呼唤”。
例句2:However, all-around development is the very condition to get comprehensive
食
growth / to render the possibility of comprehensive growth. (2022:校园讲座)
美
然而,只有全面发展,才能成长为综合型人才。
语
注:对照构词法中的表达可以拆开来用,也可以作为对照意象套用到结
英
尾段模板中,如例句1所示。
的
个人发展(Personal Growth)
a
——行为习惯(Behaviors and habits)
n
o
自律 通用构词法:seizing the time(抓紧时间);cultivating self-
i
Self-discipline F
discipline(培养自律)
:
时间管理
对照构词法:self-discipline versus laziness(自律VS懒惰)
Time
站
management
疑问词构词法:why time management is crucial for success
B
(/时间管理是成功要素的原因)
号
榜样/以身作则 通用构词法:setting an example through actions(以身作则)
众
Role model
疑问词构词法:how to serve as a positive example for kids to
公
follow(如何给孩子树立榜样)
直接套用法:the mechanism of influencing others(影响他
人的机制)
标红短语串联成句:
7Time management is crucial for cultivating self-discipline and unlocking the
mechanism of…
时间管理对于培养自律以及解锁……机制至关重要。
食
主题词+模板句:
美
例句1:At the heart of such behavior is an inability to see the necessity of setting an
语
example through actions.(2016:给孩子做榜样)
英
这种行为的症结在于看不到以身作则的必要性。
的
例句2:Tapping into the essence of self-discipline, there is every reason to seize the
a
n
time when dealing with a task.(2020:习惯)
o
i
鉴于自律的本质,我们完全应该抓紧时间做事情。
F
:
站个人发展(Personal Growth)
B
——态度抉择(Choice and decision)
/
难易选择 通用构词法:avoiding difficulties(畏难);opting for ease
号
A choice
(择易)
betwee众n ease
and difficulty
疑问词构词法:why we should not always choose the path of
公
least resistance(为什么我们不应该总是选择最好走的路)
直接套用法:the mechanism of navigating our choices(引导
选择的机制);a willingness to make challenging decisions
(愿意做出有挑战性的决定)
8选择时的迷茫 通用构词法:being overwhelmed with options / feeling lost in
Confusion in
face of multiple options(选择太多,无所适从)
making choices
疑问词构词法:how to navigate through the fog of choices
(如何在选择过程中穿越迷雾) 食
直接套用法:a sense of bewilderment when determining the 美
best path(困惑于哪条路是最佳路径)
语
标红短语串联成句: 英
的
The mechanism of... will help us navigate through the fog of choices, rather than
a
simply avoid difficulties and opt for ease.
n
o
……的机制将帮助我们在选择过程中穿越迷雾,而不仅仅是回避困难和选择安逸。
i
F
主题词+模板句: :
例句1:At the heart of s站uch behavior is a tendency of avoiding difficulties and opting
for ease. (2018:选B课进行时)
/
号
这种行为的症结在于,人们倾向于回避困难和选择安逸。
众
例句2:While a lost sense of this basic truth may reduce our capacity to navigate
公
through the fog of choices. (2013:毕业选择)
而忽视这个基本事实,我们就很难穿越迷雾,做出选择。
社会道德(Social Ethics / Moral Obligation)
9孝道 通用构词法:being grateful / filial(感恩/孝顺);practicing
Filial piety;
filial piety(实践孝道)
Filial duty
疑问词构词法:how to repay the unconditional motherly love /
fatherly love(我们如何回报母亲/父亲无条件的爱) 食
直接套用法:the ingredients of family love/affection(亲情的美
要素);the fabric of filial ethics(孝道的构成)
语
关爱 通用构词法:caring for others(关心他人); being kind-
英
Loving care;
hearted(心地善良)
Love of 的
mankind
疑问词构词法:why care matters(关爱的重要性)
a
n
对照构词法:empathy versus indifference(共情VS冷漠)
o
直接套用法:a willingnesis to care(愿意助人);a sense of
F
affection(关爱感:)
合作 通用构词 站 法:being supportive(给予支持); being
Cooperation;
collaborative(具有合作性)
Mutual support B
/
对照构词法:teamwork versus individualism(团队合作VS
号
个人主义)
众
直接套用法:the theory of collaborative success(通过合作取
公
得成功的理论); a willingness to work together(合作意愿)
诚信 通用构词法:being honest / credible / trustworthy(值得信
Honesty;
赖的)
Credibility
对照构词法:integrity against dishonesty(诚与不诚的对立)
10直接套用法:the mechanism of a trustworthy society(诚信社
会的机制);a willingness to be honest(愿意做一个诚实的
人)
价值观 通用构词法:establishing / setting up one’s values(树立价 食
Sense of values
值观);idealizing someone(将某人理想化) 美
盲目崇拜
对照构词法:pros and cons of idol worship(偶像崇拜的利
语
Blind worship
弊)
英
疑问词构词法:what shapes our value system(塑造我们价
的
值观的东西); what affects our judgment(影响我们判断
a
的因素) n
o
i
标红短语串联成句:
F
:
We should be supportive with a willingness to care, as a sense of affection shapes
站
our value system and affects our judgment.
B
我们应该心怀仁爱,/帮助他人,这种关爱感可以塑造我们的价值观,并影响着我们的判断。
号
主题词+模板句:
众
例句1:Tapping into the pros and cons of idol worship, there is every reason to
公
avoid idealizing someone blindly. (2006:偶像崇拜)
通过深入审视偶像崇拜的利弊,我们应该避免盲目地将某人理想化。
例句2: The picture conjures up the warmth of family affection and mutual support.
(2014:相携)
11这幅图片投射出了家庭关爱与相互扶持的温馨感。
文化(Culture; Civilization)
传统文化 通用构词法:becoming the heirs to (ancient sages) (成为先
食
Traditional
贤后人); being culturally rooted(文化根基深厚);
culture; 美
Cultural roots;
疑问词构词法:how to cherish and appreciate traditions(如
Time-honored
语
legacy
何珍视与感恩传统)
英
直接套用法:a willingness to honor traditions(愿意尊重传
的
统)
a
文化融合 通用构词法:being multicultural(文化多元); being
n
Cultural o
culturally inclusive(文化包容)
integration i
F
对照构词法:“cultural integration” versus “cultural isolation”
:
(文化融合VS文化孤立)
站
直接套用法:the mechanism of cultural integration(文化融合
B
的/机制);a willingness to embrace cultural diversity /
号
engage in cross-cultural dialogue(愿意拥抱文化多样性/参与
众
跨文化对话)
公
文化交流 通用构词法:being culturally interactive(文化互动)
Cultural
对照构词法:“cultural dialogue” versus “cultural isolation”
exchanges;
Cross-cultural
(文化对话VS文化孤立)
communication
12直接套用法:the mature way of handling cultural differences
(处理文化差异的成熟方式); a willingness to respect other
cultures(愿意尊重他国文化)
食
标红短语串联成句:
美
Being culturally rooted, we should learn not only how to cherish and appreciate
语
traditions, but also to foster a willingness to embrace cultural diversity and engage
英
in cross-cultural dialogue.
的
在文化根基之上,我们不仅要学会珍视与感恩传统,还要有一种意愿,去拥抱文化多样性,
a
并参与到跨文化对话当中。
n
o
主题词+模板句: i
F
:
例句1:At the heart of this phenomenon lies a willingness to embrace cultural
diversity and engage in 站cross-cultural dialogue. (2002:美国女孩穿中国服饰)
B
这种现象的核心在于,(人们)愿意拥抱文化的多样性并参与到跨文化对话当中。
/
号
例句2:Tapping into China’s time-honored legacy, there is every reason to cherish
众
and appreciate our traditions.(2023:龙舟赛)
公
中国历史悠久,我们完全应该珍视与感恩传统。
环境保护(Environmental Protection)
环境污染 通用构词法:Being environmentally conscious (有环保意
Environmental
识)
pollution
13疑问词构词法:how to achieve harmonious coexistence
between man and nature(怎样做到人与自然和谐共处)
直接套用法:the theory of ecological balance(生态平衡原
理); a willingness to adopt green technologies(愿意采用绿色 食
科技) 美
环境与民生 通用构词法:prioritizing people's livelihood (民生优先);
语
Environment
supporting the community's well-being (促进社区福祉)
and livelihood 英
疑问词构词法:how environmental improvement affects
的
community health(环境改善如何促进社区健康)
a
直接套用法:the impact of environnment on local livelihood
o
(环境对地方生活的影响i); the construction of green spaces
F
(绿地建设) :
生态平衡 通用构词法:maintaining biodiversity(维持生物多样性);
站
Ecological
maintaining balance in nature(实现自然平衡)
balance; B
Balance of /
对照构词法:“economic growth” versus “environmental
nature 号
health” (经济增长VS环境健康)
众
疑问词构词法:how to achieve ecological balance(如何实现
公
生态平衡);what disrupts ecological balance(扰乱生态平衡
的因素)
标红短语串联成句:
14In the challenge of “economic growth” versus “environmental health”, we
should be environmentally conscious and learn how to achieve harmonious
coexistence between man and nature.
食
面对“经济增长”VS“环境健康”的挑战,我们应该具有环保意识,并学会人与自然和谐共
美
存之道。
语
主题词+模板句:
英
例句1:Being environmentally conscious is the very condition to achieve
的
harmonious coexistence between man and nature. (2011:旅途之“余”)
a
“具有环保意识”是实现人与自然和谐共处的必要n条件。
o
i
例句2:The picture offers an informative glimpse into how environmental
F
improvement affects commun:ity health. (2024:公园建设促进民生福祉)
站
这幅图片内容丰富,可以让我们看到环境改善如何促进社区健康。
B
/
科技影响(Science and Technology)
号
手机成瘾 通用构词法:being addicted to a smartphone(玩手机上
众
Smartphone
瘾);indulging in the virtual world(沉溺于虚拟世界)
公addiction
对照构词法:“face-to-face interaction” versus “online
interaction”(面对面交流VS在线交互)
直接套用法:a willingness to reduce screen time(愿意减少
屏幕时间)
15互联网疏离感 通用构词法:becoming disconnected in a connected world
A sense of
(相互连接,却彼此疏离)
isolation in the
internet era
疑问词构词法:what disrupts our mental health(影响心理健
康的因素) 食
直接套用法:a willingness to engage in real-life interaction美s
(愿意参与现实互动)
语
标红短语串联成句: 英
的
While indulging in the virtual world and feeling disconnected in a connected world,
a
some individuals are now showing a willingness to reduce screen time and engage
n
in real-life interactions. o
i
F
人们沉迷于虚拟世界,相互连接,却彼此疏离;与此同时,一些人开始有意减少屏幕使用时
:
间,并参与现实互动当中。
站
主题词+模板句:
B
/
例句 1:The picture offers a glimpse into the problem of being addicted to a
号
smartphone in today's digitalized era. (2015:手机时代的聚会)
众
公这张图片可以让人窥见到数字化时代的手机成瘾问题。
例句2:At the heart of such a phenomenon is a lack of willingness to engage in real-
life interactions. (2015)
这一现象的症结在于,人们不愿参与现实互动当中。
1619 年真题带写
下面是真题带写,我们以19年真题“爬山途中”为例,全景展现图画作文模板的套用思
路,基本步骤:
食
1. 确定主题:母主题是“个人发展”;子主题可以是“坚持”,然后在头脑中搜寻相应主题词
美
2. 确定模板基调:这幅图画含有否定意味,比较适合批判写法
语
3. 筛选自用模板句型,例如:
英
的
a
n
o
i
F
:
站
B
/
号
众
公
4. 根据自身语料储备补全句子:
17句1可以利用主题词构词法填充空白,比如对照法:The picture offers an inspiring glimpse
into the choice of “quitting” versus “persevering” (或:the choice of “giving up”
versus “going on”).
食
美
句2可以这样套用:As can be seen, a man wants to give up halfway up the mountain,
语
feeling that he is too exhausted to go on.
英
句型结构只是一个引导,并非一定要遵循这个模式,比如我们在描述另一个人时,只需要用到
的
and连接的并列结构:By contrast, the other man is full of passion in face of difficulties
a
and encourages his partner to brace up and go on after a rest.
n
o
i
F
:
句3:
站
1)第一个空可以简单填写such a phenomenon/behavior/theme,也可以填写主题词变
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体:the essence/importance/meaning/treasure of + 主题词/主题词相关词,例如:
/
Tapping into号 the essence of perseverance
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2)第二个空填写动词词组(可以用“通用构词法”项下给出的主题词,去掉ing形式即
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可)+ 扩展项(when faced with…/ in the face of… / regardless of…/ despite… /
under…/ throughout…),例如:there is every reason to move forward throughout
hardships / when faced with challenges
18句4:可以用动词词组填空,引出“错误的做法”,后面还可以通过but, instead of, rather
than或“动名词伴随”来扩充句子。
例如:Yet in reality, many individuals are poised to give up when things get tough,
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thinking that the end goal is unreachable.
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语
句5:
英
1)an inability to 后面可以接升华性正确做法(也可以上升到认知层面),例如:an
的
inability to see that all things are difficult before they are easy
a
n
2)在语料储备充沛的情况下,还可以通过连接词或动名词伴随来进一步扩展句子,例如:
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i
and some people surrender even before they've truly begun
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:
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句6:
B
/
1)前半句尽量结合图片意象,填写一些具体、切题的内容。第一个空可以填写主题词变体,
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另外render the possibility of后面需要接名词或“动名词”短语,例如:unyielding spirit
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is the very condition to render the possibility of conquering a mountain; 如果填空部
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分的语料过长,就需要去掉render the possibility of,否则会显冗余,例如:unyielding spirit
is the very condition to overcome a seemingly unconquerable mountain.
192)后半句(while…)尽量用一些具体的意象进行升华,从反面说明影响和主题意义,例如
while too much indulgence in ease could threaten our motivation and dynamics to
advance in any field.
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注:threaten后面可以直接接名词,如接动词,需用threaten to do的结构
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语
句7:
英
1) the path to 后面接符合题意的名词或动名词短语,例如:the path to the mountain
的
top / achieving measurable progress;没有思路时可以用fruitful results填空
a
n
2) focus on和that on 后面可接双引号加持的名词短语:translating our focus on
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i
“current difficulties” into that on “future yields”.
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:
注:the path to如果接动词,需要变v-ing形式
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B
/
句8:可以用“动名词”短语填空,例如:Such a move may hold a particular promise
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of changing the hot water of mediocrity to the steam of success. 如果没有思路就用a
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rewarding future填空
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20年真题的写作过程不再赘述,原理同上,下面给出19、20年完整范文
19 年真题
20食
美
语
英
的
范文
a
n
The picture offers an inspiring glimpse into the choice of “quitting” versus
o
i
“persevering”. As can be seen, a man wants to give up halfway up the mountain,
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feeling that he is too exhauste:d to go on. By contrast, the other man is full of passion
in face of difficulties and站 encourages his partner to brace up and go on after a rest.
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关于“放弃”与“坚持”的选择,这幅图片充满启示。如图,一个人在爬山途中感到精疲力
/
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竭,想要放弃,而另一个人则不畏艰难,激情满满,鼓励他的同伴打起精神,休息一下再接
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着爬。
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Tapping into the essence of perseverance, there is every reason to move forward
through hardships. Yet in reality, many individuals are poised to give up when things
get tough, thinking that the end goal is unreachable. At the heart of such behavior is
an inability to see that all things are difficult before they are easy, and some people
surrender even before they've truly begun. However, unyielding spirit is the very
21condition to overcome a seemingly unconquerable mountain, while too much
indulgence in ease could threaten our motivation and dynamics to advance in any
field.
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鉴于“坚持”的本质,我们完全应该在困境中勇往直前。而在现实生活中,许多人一遇到困
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难就准备放弃,认为自己无法实现最终目标。这种行为的症结在于,他们看不到一个事实,
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即凡事必先难后易,有些人甚至在事情真正开始之前就已经放弃了。然而,只有具有坚韧不
英
拔的精神,才能克服看似无法征服的困难,而过分沉溺于安逸可能会使我们在各方面都缺乏
的
前进的动力。
a
To wrap it all up, the path to the mountain ntop should be approached by a shift in
o
mindset: translating our focus on “current difficulties” into that on “future yields”.
i
F
Such a move may hold a particular promise of changing the hot water of mediocrity
:
to the steam of success.
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总之,要想登顶山峰,就要转变思维方式:不再关注“当前的困难”,转而关注“未来的收
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/
获”。这样做尤其能够使“平庸”转化为“成功”。
号
众
公 20 年真题
22食
美
范文 语
英
The picture offers an inspiring glimpse into the importance of cultivating a good habit.
的
As can be seen, a girl works hard on her homework, feeling that things should be done
as early as possible. By contrast, the boy, on thae right-hand side of the picture, sits
n
leisurely in front of the desk, saying that hoe will put things off until the last minute.
i
F
关于养成好习惯的重要性,这幅图片充满启示。如图,一个女孩儿正在努力做作业,觉得事
:
情应该尽早完成。相比之下,图片右侧的男孩儿则悠闲地坐在书桌前,说不到最后不动手。
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Tapping into the essence of self-discipline, there is every reason to seize the time
B
/
when dealing with a task. Yet in practice, many individuals are poised to enjoy the
号
current ease while holding off their duties. At the heart of such behavior is an inability
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to manage their time responsibly. However, effective scheduling is the very condition
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to render the possibility of lifting our performance, while too much indulgence in ease
life could threaten our motivation and dynamics to advance in any field.
鉴于自律的本质,我们完全应该抓紧时间做事情。但实际上,许多人乐于享受当前的舒适,并
推迟他们的责任。这种行为的症结在于,他们缺乏责任感,无法很好地管理时间。然而,有效
的规划是提升表现的关键,而过分沉溺于安逸可能会使我们在各方面都缺乏前进的动力。
23In a nutshell, the path to achieving productivity should be approached by a shift in
mindset: translating our focus on “short-term comforts” into that on “long-term
benefits”. And it will secure the highest opportunities for a balanced and rewarding
life. 食
美
简而言之,要想取得成效,就应该转变我们的思维方式:不要关注“短期安逸”,而要看重“长
远获益”。这将使我们实现平衡、有意义的生活。 语
英
的
a
n
o
i
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:
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B
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