六级2016-06-2_四六级真题+资料包_六级真题_2016真题+解析

机密 启用前 ★ 大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试 COLLEGEENGLISHTEST BandSix — — 2016-6-2 ( ) 试 题 册 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ 敬 告 考 生 一、 在答题前,请认真完成以下内容: 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反应 确认无 1. 、 , , 误后完成以下两点要求 。 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 的条形码粘贴框内 并将姓名和准考 2. 1 , 证号填写在试题册背面相应位置 。 请在答题卡 和答题卡 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号 姓名和学校名称 并用 3. 1 2 、 , HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑 。 二、 在考试过程中,请注意以下内容: 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答 在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效 1. , 。 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文 听力 阅读 翻译各部分考试 作答作文期 2. 、 、 、 , 间不得翻阅该试题册 听力录音播放完毕后 请立即停止作答 监考员将立即收回答题卡 得 。 , , 1, 到监考员指令后方可继续作答 。 作文题内容印在试题册背面 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内 3. , 作答 。 选择题均为单选题 错选 不选或多选将不得分 作答时必须使用 铅笔在答题卡上相 4. , 、 , HB-2B 应位置填涂 修改时须用橡皮擦净 , 。 三、 以下情况按违规处理: 不正确填写 涂 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条 1. ( ) , 、 、 。 未按规定翻阅试题册 提前阅读试题 提前或在收答题卡期间作答 2. 、 、 。 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷 3. 、 。 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机 4. 。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2016年6月大学英语六级考试(第2套) PartI Writing 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheuseofro- : , bots.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorerobotstaketheplace ofhumanbeingsinindustryaswellaspeople􀆳sdailylives.Youarerequiredto writeatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words. PartII ListeningComprehension 30minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendof : , each conversation you will hear four questions.Both the , conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou hearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour , choicesmarkedA B C andD .Thenmarkthecorresponding ), ), ) ) letteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 1.A)TheprojectthemanmanagedatCucinTech. B)TheupdatingoftechnologyatCucinTech. C)Theman􀆳sswitchtonewcareer. D)Therestructuringofhercompany. 2.A)Talentedpersonnel. C)Competitiveproducts. B)Strategicinnovation. D)Effectivepromotion. 3.A)Expandthemarket. C)Innovateconstantly. B)Recruitmoretalents. D)Watchoutforhiscompetitors. 4.A)Possiblebankruptcy. C)Conflictswithinthecompany. B)Unforeseendifficulties. D)Imitationbyone􀆳scompetitors. Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 5.A)Thejobofaninterpreter. B)Thestressfeltbyprofessionals. C)Theimportanceoflanguageproficiency. D)Thebestwaytoeffectivecommunication. 6.A)Promising. B)Admirable. C)Rewarding. D)Meaningful. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 227.A)Theyallhaveastronginterestinlanguage. B)Theyallhaveprofessionalqualifications. C)Theyhaveallpassedlanguageproficiencytests. D)Theyhaveallstudiedcross-culturaldifferences. 8.A)Itrequiresamuchlargervocabulary. B)Itattachesmoreimportancetoaccuracy. C)Itismorestressfulthansimultaneousinterpreting. D)Itputsone􀆳slong-term memoryundermorestress. SectionB DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage youwill : , , hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly once.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour , choicesmarkedA B C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer ), ), ) ) Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 9.A)Itmightaffectmother􀆳shealth. B)Itmightdisturbinfants􀆳death. C)Itmightincreasetheriskofinfants􀆳death. D)Itmightincreasemothers􀆳mentaldistress. 10.A)Motherswhobreast-feedtheirbabieshaveahardertimefallingasleep. B)Motherswhosleepwiththeirbabiesneedalittlemoresleepeachnight. C)Sleepingpatternsofmothersgreatlyaffecttheirnewbornbabies􀆳health. D)Sleepingwithinfantsinthesameroomhasanegativeimpactonmothers. 11.A)Changetheirsleeppatternstoadapttotheirnewbornbabies􀆳. B)Sleepinthesameroombutnotinthesamebedastheirbabies. C)Sleepinthesamehousebutnotinthesamerooomastheirbabies. D)Takeprecautionstoreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome. Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 12.A)AlotofnativelanguageshavealreadydiedoutintheUS. B)TheUSranksfirstinthenumberofendangeredlanguages. C)TheeffortstopreserveIndianlanguageshaveprovedfruitless. D)MoremoneyisneededtorecordthenativelanguagesintheUS. 13.A)Tosetupmorelanguageschools. C)ToeducatenativeAmericanchildren. B)Todocumentendangeredlanguages. D)TorevitaliseAmerican􀆳snativelanguages. 14.A)TheUSgovernment􀆳spolicyofAmericanisingIndianchildren. B)ThefailureofAmericanIndianlanguagestogainanofficialstatus. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 2 22C)TheUSgovernment􀆳sunwillingnesstospendmoneyeducatingIndians. D)Thelong-timeisolationofAmericanIndiansfromtheoutsideworld. 15.A)Itisbeingutilisedtoteachnativelanguages. B)Ittellstraditionalstoriesduringfamilytime. C)Itspeedsuptheextinctionofnativelanguages. D)Itiswidelyusedinlanguageimmersionschool. SectionC DirectionsInthissection youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythree : , orfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouheara question youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C , ), ), ) andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline ) throughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 16.A)Itpaysthemuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhiletheylookforwork. B)Itcoverstheirmortgagepaymentsandmedicalexpensesfor99weeks. C)Itpaystheirlivingexpensesuntiltheyfindemploymentagain. D)Itprovidesthemwiththebasicnecessitiesofeverydaylife. 17.A)Creatingjobsforthehugearmyofunemployedworkers. B)Providingtrainingandguidanceforunemployedworkers. C)Convincinglocallawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits. D)Raisingfundstohelpthosehavingnounemploymentinsurance. 18.A)Toofferthemloanstheyneedtostarttheirownbusinesses. B)Toallowthemtopostponetheirmonthlymortgagepayments. C)Tocreatemorejobsbyencouragingprivateinvestmentsinlocalcompanies. D)Toencouragebigbusinessestohirebackworkerswithgovernmentsubsidies. Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 19.A)Theymeasuredthedepthsofseawater.C)Theyexploredtheoceanfloor. B)Theyanalyzedthewatercontent. D)Theyinvestigatedtheice. 20.A)Eightypercentoftheicedisappearsinsummertime. B)Mostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastcenturies. C)Theiceensuresthesurvivalofmanyendangeredspecies. D)Theicedecreaseismoreevidentthanpreviouslythought. 21.A)Arcticiceisamajorsourceofworld􀆳sfreshwater. B)ThemeltingArcticicehasdrownedmanycoastalcities. C)ThedeclineofArcticiceisirreversible. D)Arcticiceisessentialtohumansurvival. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 3 2222.A)Itwilldoalotofharmtomankind. B)Thereisnoeasywaytounderstandit. C)Itwilladvancenucleartechnology. D)Thereisnoeasytechnologicalsolutiontoit. Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 23.A)ThereasonwhyNewZealandchildrenseemtohavebetterself-control. B)Therelationbetweenchildren􀆳sself-controlandtheirfuturesuccess. C)Thehealthproblemsofchildrenraisedbyasingleparent. D)Thedecidingfactorinchildren􀆳sacademicperformance. 24.A)Childrenraisedbysingleparentswillhaveahardtimeintheirthirties. B)Thosewithacriminalrecordmostlycomefromsingleparentfamilies. C)Parentsmustlearntoexerciseself-controlinfrontoftheirchildren. D)Lackofself-controlinparentsisadisadvantagefortheirchildren. 25.A)Self-controlcanbeimprovedthrougheducation. B)Self-controlcanimproveone􀆳sfinancialsituation. C)Self-controlproblemsmaybedetectedearlyinchildren. D)Self-controlproblemswilldiminishasonegrowsup. PartIII ReadingComprehension 40minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone : , wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear— man-made creationsassmartandcapableaswearewithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermore complexroles,thequestionnaturally 26 :Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomething wrong? Manufacturers? Users?Softwarewriters? Theanswerdependsontherobot. Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveour healthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The 27 ofcomputationalpowerand engineeringadvanceswill 28 enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled, 29 useof driverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeand service-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation. drone (遥控飞行器) Butthereare 30 tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.A 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 4 22mower (割 草 机) operatorwill 31 someone􀆳sprivacy.Aroboticlawn willrunovera neighbor􀆳scat.Juriessympathetictothe 32 ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswith company-crushing 33 anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile 34 spaceforinnovation? Big,complicatedsystemson which muchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars, shouldbebuilt, 35 andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafety andareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldsetsafetyrequirementsandthenletinsurers pricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturer􀆳sdrivingrecord.notthepassenger􀆳s. A)arises B)ascends C)bound D)combination E)definite F)eventually G)interfere H)invade I) manifesting J)penalties K)preserving L)programmed M)proximately N)victims O)widespread SectionB DirectionsInthissection youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. : , Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. ReformandMedicalCosts A)Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealth insurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theanswer isthatnoonehasaneasyfixrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghow careisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystem —islikelytobe incremental(渐进的) achievedonlythroughtrialanderrorand gains. B)ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenate FinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtherisein TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine medicalcostsoverthelongterm.Asareportin concluded.“Pretty mucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyliterature thesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures.” C)Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthan wagesandtheoveralleconomy,is propelledbytwothings:thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthe volumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalot moretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds. D)HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddress thoseproblem,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 5 22E)BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals, nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavings routinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnew waysto organizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan $100billionoverthenext decade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefused toletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.Criticssay let offthehook(放过) Congresswillgiveintolobbyistsand inefficientprovider .Thatis farlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong“pay-go”rulesrequiringthatany increaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgecuts. excisetax(消费税) F)TheSenateFinancebillwouldimposean onhealthinsuranceplansthat costmorethan $8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikely causeinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopay moremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemto thinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsproject thatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages.The Housebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould. G)Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswho havetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughtto savemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,its tradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimated thatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswould lockthatpledgeintolaw. H)Thestimuluspackageprovided moneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-driven medical systemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopen investmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminating redundanttests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments. I)Virtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystem — doctorsarerewardedforthe quantityofcareratherthanitsqualityoreffectiveness—isaprimaryreasonthatthecostof careissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentsto careforaparticularillnessorforapatient􀆳sneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomake thathappenquickly.Thebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithin Medicare. Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient􀆳s needswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesure theseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly. Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem. J)Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedand thebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthe 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 6 22pilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicare􀆳spaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadopt reformsthatwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress, makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill. K)Thebillsinbothchambers wouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangeson whichsmall businessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublic option.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasyto compare.Togetaccessto millionsofnew customers,insurers wouldhaveastrong incentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetition mightgivethema strongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsor demandingbetterdealsfromproviders. L)Thefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierce oppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney. TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusing Medicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted. M)Thepresident􀆳sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehow well prostate(前列 varioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestfor 腺) cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommon competitors? Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort. N)Criticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare.(Thatwouldbe trueonlyifyoubelievethatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproven tobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequires,astheyshould,thattheresultsof thesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare. O)Congressneedstofindthecouragetoallow Medicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatments proventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.But overall,wesuspectthatspending wouldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotof unnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments. P)TheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrug pricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthoritativeanalystsdoubtthatthesecretarywould getbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoes inothercountries. Q)Missingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts.Malpractice awardsdodriveupinsurancepremiumsfordoctorsinhigh-riskspecialties,andthereis someevidencethatdoctorsengagein “defensive medicine”byperformingtestsand treatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenotnegligentshouldtheygetsued. 36.Withataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfer moneyfromhealthexpensesintowages. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 7 2237.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindit hardtoinfluencelawmakers. 38.ItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsinAmerica. 39.Standardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedicalexpenses. 40.Republicansandinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsuranceplan. 41.Conversionofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecordswillhelpeliminateredundanttestsand preventdruginteractions. 42.Thehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmed- icalexpenses. 43.Onemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicalexpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedforthe amountofcareratherthanitseffect. 44.Contrarytoanalysts􀆳doubts,theauthorbelievesdrugpricesmaybeloweredthroughnegotiation. 45.Faircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentiveforinsurerstochargeless. SectionC Directions Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor : unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B ), ), C andD .Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter ) ) onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopingcountriesare sewage(下水道污水) usingraw toirrigateandfertilizenearly49millionacresofcropland, accordingtoanewreport—anditmaynotbeabadthing. Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedby thesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood. “Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreatnumbers ofurbanconsumers,”saidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy. Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelatively inexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes. Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,and sewers(下水道) riverseffectivelybecome . Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdisease-causing bacteria,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2millionpeopledie diarrhea-related (与腹泻相关的) ayearbecauseof diseases,accordingto WHOstatistics. Morethan80%ofthosecasescanbeattributedtocontactwithcontaminatedwaterandalack 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 8 22ofpropersanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatthesocialand economicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks. Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewater andnutrientsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersindevelopingcountriestoescapepoverty. Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornearly70%ofglobalfreshwater consumption. Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeep farmersinbusiness.Insomecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmersbreakopensewagepipes transportingwastetolocalrivers. Irrigationistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedevelopingworld.Butfrequently untreatedhumanwasteharvestedfromlavatoriesisdeliveredtofarmsandspreadasfertilizer. Inmostcases,thehumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventuallycooked, minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizerpricesjumpingnearly 50%permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoften necessary,alternative. Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizerusecanbeavoided.The mudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients. “Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,”JamesBartram,aWHO water-healthexpert,said. “Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwill beusedinagricultureforgoodreason.” 46.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforfarming? A)Itsriskscannotbeoverestimated. B)Itshouldbeforbiddenaltogether. C)Itsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved. D)Itispollutingmillionsofacresofcropland. 47.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrigation? A)Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated. B)Itwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofbusiness. C)Farmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulbacteria. D)Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveonthemarket. 48.WhatisenvironmentalscientistPayDrechsel􀆳sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhuman wasteinagriculture? A)Favorable. B)Skeptical. C)Indifferent. D)Responsible. 49.WhatdoesPayDreschselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfarming? A)Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated. B)Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation. C)Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology. D)Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 9 2250.WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram􀆳spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming? A)HeechoesPayDrechsel􀆳sopinionontheissue. B)HechallengesLiqaRaschid-Sally􀆳sconclusion. C)Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodcrisis. D)Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty. PassageTwo Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Thesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh-cholesteroltake-awaysand microwavedready-meals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs. Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthemodernhouse:whatthegreat hallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe21st-centuryhome. Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketis nowworth$170billion,fivetimesthecountry􀆳sfilmindustry.IntheyeartoAugust2007, IKEA,aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoverone millionkitchensworldwide.Theaverage Remodeling budgetfora “major”kitchenoverhaulin2006,calculates magazine,wasa staggering$54,000;evena“minor”improvementcostonaverage$18,000. Exclusivity,morefamiliarinthe world ofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen: Robinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom-madekitchens,offersaGeorgian-style onewhichwouldcost￡145,000-155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork. Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:“Youwon􀆳tseethiskitchenanywhereelse intheword.” Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantstothatofdesignshow caseforthemodernfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20th century,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces,generallylocatedunderground,ortothebackof thehouse,asfarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe:kitchenswerefor servants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodowiththem. Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,housekeepingbecame anatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses.Oneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinking American aboutthekitchenwasCatharineEstherBeecher,sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe.In Woman􀆳sHome ,publishedin1869,theBeechersistersrecommendedascientificapproachto householdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman􀆳sworkandpromoteorder. ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican, ChristineFrederick,whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife.Her1919work, HouseEngineering ScientificManagementintheHome : ,wasbasedondetailedobservation ofahousewife􀆳sdailyroutine.Sheborrowedtheprincipleofefficiencyonthefactoryfloorand appliedittodomestictasksonthekitchenfloor. Frederick􀆳scentralidea,that“stove,sinkandkitchentablemustbeplacedinsucha relationthatuselessstepsareavoidedentirely”,inspiredthefirstfullyfittedkitchen,designed 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 0 22inthe1920sbyMangareteSchutter-Libotsky.Itwasamodernisttriumph,andmanyelements remaincentralfeaturesoftoday􀆳skitchen. 51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthekitchenoftoday? A)Itiswherehousewivesdisplaytheircookingskills. B)Itiswherethefamilyentertainsimportantguests. C)Ithasbecomesomethingoddinamodernhouse. D)Itisregardedasthecenterofamodernhome. 52.WhydoestheGeorgian-stylekitchensellataveryhighprice? A)Itisbelievedtohavetremendousartisticvalue. B)Noduplicateistobefoundinanyotherplace. C)ItismanufacturedbyafamousBritishcompany. D)Noothermanufacturercanproduceanythinglikeit. 53.Whatdoesthechangeinthestatusofthekitchenreflect? A)Improvedlivingconditions. C)Technologicalprogress. B)Women􀆳selevatedstatus. D)Socialchange. 54.WhatwastheBeechersisters􀆳ideaofakitchen? A)Aplacewherewomencouldworkmoreefficiently. B)Aplacewherehightechnologycouldbeapplied. C)Aplaceofinteresttotheeducatedpeople. D)Aplacetoexperimentwithnewideas. 55.Whatdowelearnabouttoday􀆳skitchen? A)Itrepresentstherapidtechnologicaladvanceinpeople􀆳sdailylife. B)Manyofitscentralfeaturesarenodifferentfromthoseofthe1920s. C)Ithasbeentransformedbeyondrecognition. D)Manyofitsfunctionshavechangedgreatly. PartIV Translation 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto : , English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2. 深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市 在改革开放之前 深圳不过是一个渔村 仅有三万多 。 , , 人 世纪 年代 中国政府创建了深圳经济特区 作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田 如 。20 80 , , 。 今 深圳的人口已超过 万 整个城市发生了巨大的变化 , 1000 , 。 到 年 深圳的人均 已达 美元 相当于世界上一些发达国家的水 2014 , (per-capita)GDP 25000 , 平 就综合经济实力而言 深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列 由于其独特的地位 深圳也是国内外企 。 , 。 , 业家创业的理想之地 。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 1 222016年6月大学英语六级考试答案与解析(第2套) PartI Writing 【范文】 Theadvanceoftechnologyisinevitableandundeniable,which makestheintelligent machine— robotsanimportantpartofourlife.Withthepopularityofrobots,whatwill happentoourworkandlife? From mypointofview,inthenearfutureourworkinindustrywillbeoperatedbyrobots, whichwillraiseproductivityandlowercostofmanpower.What􀆳smore,ourcooking,washing andcleaningindailylifewillbecompletedbyrobotservers,whichwillliberateusfromtrivial housework,andgiveusmoretimetodothingswelike.However,thereisstillmuchreal challengeifrobotsbecomethemainstreamofsociety.First,theless-skilledpeoplewillbeout ofworkasaresultofthewideapplicationofrobotsinindustry.Second,wewillgetlazierand lazierbecauseofrobotsdoinghouseworkinsteadofus. Basedontheaboveimagination,wecaneasilyacknowledgethattherobotisadouble- edgedsword.Weshoulddrawontheadvantagesandavoiddisadvantages,andmakeitbring maximumbenefitstohumanbeings. PartII ListeningComprehension 1~5:ABCDA 6~10:BBCCD 11~15:BADAC 16~20:ABCDD 21~25:CDBDA SectionA ConversationOne W:So,(1)Mike,youmanagetheinnovationprojectatCucinTech. M:Ididindeed. W:Well,then,first,congratulations.(1)Itseemstohavebeenverysuccessful. M:Thanks.Yes,IreallyhelpthingsturnaroundatCucinTech. W:(2)Wastherevivalintheirfortunesentirelyduetostrategicinnovation? M:(2)Yes,yes,Ithinkitwas.CucinTechwasacompanywhowereverymuchfollowingthe pack,doingwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandgettingrapidlyleftbehind.Icouldseethere wasalotoftalentthere,and some great potential,particularlyin their product development.Ijusthadtoharnessthatsomehow. W:Wasinnovationatthecoreoftheproject? M:Absolutely.Ifitdoesn􀆳tsoundliketoomuchofCliche,(3)ourworldisconstantlychanging andit􀆳schangingquickly.Weneedtobeinnovatingconstantlytokeepupwiththis.Stand stillandyouarelost. W:Nostoppingtosnifftheroses? M:Well,I􀆳lldothatinmypersonallife.Sure.Butasabusinessstrategy,I􀆳mafraidthereisnostopping. M:Whatexactlyisstrategicinnovationthen? 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 2 22W:Strategicinnovationistheprocessofmanaginginnovation,ofmakingsureittakesplaceat alllevelsofthecompany,andthatisrelatedtothecompany􀆳soverallstrategy. W:Isee. M:So,insteadofinnovationforinnovation􀆳ssakeandnewproductsbeingcreatedsimplybe- causethetechnologyisthere,thecompanyculturemustswitchfromthesepointing-time innovationstocontinuouspipelineofinnovationsfromeverywhereandeveryone. W:Howdidyoualignstrategiesthroughoutthecompany? M:Isoonbecameawarethatcampaigningisuseless.Peopletakenonotice.Simplyitcamea- boutthroughgoodpracticetricklingdown.Thisbuiltconsent.Peoplecouldseeitwasthe bestwaytowork. W:Doesinnovationontheskillreallygiveacompetitiveadvantage? M:Iamcertainofit,absolutely,especiallyifit􀆳sdifficultforacompetitortocopy.(4)The riskisofcoursethatinnovationmayfrequentlyleadtoimitation. W:Butnotifit􀆳sstrategic. M:Precisely. W:Thanksfortalkingtous. M:Sure. 1.Whatseemstohavebeenverysuccessfulaccordingtothewomanspeaker? 2.Whatdidthecompanylackbeforetheman􀆳sschemewasimplemented? 3.Whatdoesthemansayheshoulddoinhisbusiness? 4.Whatdoesthemansayistheriskofinnovation? ConversationTwo M:(5)Today,myguestisDaynaIvanovichwhohasworkedforthelasttwentyyearsasanin- terpreter.Dayna,welcome. W:Thankyou. M:Now,I􀆳dliketobeginbysayingthatIhaveonoccasionsusedaninterpretermyselfasa foreigncorrespondent.(6)SoIamfullofadmirationforwhatyoudo,butIthinkyourpro- fessionissometimesunderrated,andmanypeoplethinkanyonewhospeaksmorethanone languagecandoit. W:(7)Therearen􀆳tanyinterpretersIknow whodon􀆳thaveprofessionalqualificationsand training.Youonlyreallygetproficientaftermanyyearsinthejob. M:Imayberightinsayingyoucandividewhatyoudointotwodistinctmethods—simultane- ousandconsecutiveinterpreting. W:That􀆳sright.Thetechniquesyouusearedifferent,andalotofinterpreterswillsayoneis easierthantheother,lessstressful. M:Simultaneousinterpreting,puttingsomeone􀆳swordsintoanotherlanguagemoreorlessas theyspeak,soundstomelikethemoredifficult. W:Well,actuallyno.(8)Mostpeopleinthebusinesswouldagreethatconsecutiveinterpreting isthemorestressful.Youhavetowaitforthespeakertodeliverquiteachunkoflanguage beforeyouthenputitintothesecondlanguage,whichputsyourshort-termmemoryunder intensestress. M:Youmakenotes,Ipresume. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 3 22W:Absolutely,anythinglikenumbers,names,placeshavetobenoteddown.Buttherestis nevertranslatedwordforword.Youhavetofindawayofsummarizingit,sothatthemes- sageisthere.Turningeverysinglewordintothetargetlanguagewouldputtoomuchstrain ontheinterpreterandslowdownthewholeprocesstoomuch. M:But,withsimultaneousinterpreting,youstarttranslatingalmostassoonastheotherper- sonstartsspeaking.Youmusthavesomepreparationbeforehand. W:Well,hopefullythespeakerswillletyouhaveanoutlineofthetopicadayortwoinad- vance.Youhavealittletimetodoresearch,preparetechnicalexpressionsandsoon. 5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout? 6.WhatdoesthemanthinkofDayna􀆳sprofession? 7.WhatdoesDaynasayabouttheinterpreterssheknows? 8.Whatdomostinterpretersthinkofconsecutiveinterpreting? SectionB PassageOne (9)Mothershavebeenwarnedforyearsthatsleepingwiththeirnewborninfantisabad ideabecauseitincreasestheriskthatthebabymightdieunexpectedlyduringthenight.But nowIsraeliresearchersarereportingthatevensleepinginthesameroomcanhavenegative consequences:notforthechild,butforthemother.(10)Motherswhosleptinthesameroom astheirinfants,whetherinthesamebedorjustthesameroom,hadpoorersleepthanmothers whosebabiessleptelsewhereinthehouse:They wokeup morefrequently,wereawake approximately20 minuteslongerpernight,andhadshorterperiodsofuninterruptedsleep. Theseresultsheldtrueeventakingintoaccountthatmanyofthewomeninthestudywere breast-feedingtheirbabies.Infants,ontheotherhand,didn􀆳tappeartohaveworsesleep whethertheysleptinthesameordifferentroom from their mothers.Theresearchers acknowledgethatsincethefamiliestheystudiedwereallmiddle-classIsraelis,it􀆳spossiblethe resultswouldbedifferentindifferentcultures.LeadauthorLiatTikotzkywroteinanemail thattheresearchteam alsodidn􀆳tmeasurefathers􀆳sleep,soit􀆳spossiblethattheirsleep patternscouldalsobecausingthesleepdisruptionsformoms.(11)Rightnow,toreducethe riskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendsthat mothersnotsleepinthesamebedastheirbabiesbutsleepinthesameroom.TheIsraelistudy suggeststhatdoingsomaybebestforthebaby,butmaytakeatollonmom. 9.Whatisthelong-heldviewaboutmothersleepingwithnewbornbabies? 10.WhatdoIsraeliresearchers􀆳findingsshow? 11.WhatdoestheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecommendmothersdo? PassageTwo (12)TheUShasalreadylostmorethanathirdofthenativelanguagesthatexistedbefore Europeancolonization,andtheremaining192areclassedby UNESCOasrangingbetween “unsafe”and“extinct”.(13)“Weneedmorefundingandmoreefforttoreturntheselanguages toeverydayuse,”saysFredNahwooksyoftheNationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian.“We are making progress but money needsto bespentonrevitalisinglanguages,notjust documentingthem.”Some40languages,mainlyinCaliforniaandOklahoma,wherethousands ofIndianswereforcedtorelocateinthe19thCentury,havefewerthan10nativespeakers. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 4 22“Partoftheissueisthattribalgroupsthemselvesdon􀆳talwaysbelievetheirlanguagesare endangereduntilthey􀆳redowntothelasthandfulofspeakers.Butprogressisbeing made throughimmersionschools,becauseifyouteachchildrenwhenthey􀆳reyoungitwillstaywith themasadultsandthat􀆳sthefuture,”saysMr.Nahwooksy,aComancheIndian.Suchschools havebecomeamodelinHawaii.Buttheislanders􀆳locallanguageisstillclassedbyUNESCOas “criticallyendangered”becauseonly1,000peoplespeakit.(14)ThedeclineinAmericanIndian languageshashistoricalroots:Inthemid-19thCentury,theUSgovernmentadoptedapolicyof AmericanisingIndianchildrenbyremovingthemfromtheirhomesandculture.Withinafew generationsmosthadforgottentheirnativetongues.(15)Anotherchallengetolanguage survivalistelevision.IthasbroughtEnglishintohomesandpushedouttraditionalstory-telling andfamilytimetogether,acceleratingtheextinctionofnativelanguages. 12.Whatdowelearnfromthereport? 13.ForwhatpurposedoesFredNahwooksyappealformorefunding? 14.WhatisthehistoricalcauseofthedeclineinAmericanIndianlanguages? 15.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttelevision? SectionC RecordingOne GregRosenlosthisjobasasalesmanagernearlythreeyearsagoandisstillunemployed. “Itliterallyislikesomethinginadream,torememberwhatit􀆳sliketoactuallybeabletogo outandputinaday􀆳sworkandreceiveaday􀆳spay.” Atfirst,Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemploymentinsurance.(16)Itpayslaidoffworkersuptohalfoftheirpreviouswageswhile theylookforwork.Butnowthatinsurancehasrunoutforhim,andhehastomaketough choices.He􀆳scutbackonmedicationsandhenolongerhelpssupporthisdisabledmother.Itis adevastatingexperience.NewresearchsaystheU.S.recessionisnowover,butmanypeople remainunemployed.Andunemployedworkersfacedifficultodds. Thereisliterallyonlyonejobopeningforeveryfiveunemployedworkers,sofouroutof fiveunemployedworkershaveactuallynochanceoffindinganewjob. BusinesseshavedownsizedorshutdownacrossAmerica,leavingfewerjobopportunities forthoseinsearchofwork.Expertswho monitorunemploymentstatisticshereinBucks County,Pennsylvania,sayabout28,000peopleareunemployed,andmanyofthemarejobless duetonofaultoftheirown. (17)That􀆳swheretheBucksCountyCareerLinkcomesin.LocaldirectorElizabethWalshsays theyprovidetrainingandguidancetohelpunemployedworkersfindlocaljobopportunities. “Sohere􀆳sthejobopening,here􀆳sthejobseeker,matchthemtogetherunderoneroof,” shesays. ButthelackofworkopportunitiesinBucksCountylimitshowmuchshecanhelp. RosensayshehopesCongresswilltakeaction.Thismonthhelaunchedthe99ersUnion, anumbrellaorganizationof18Internet-basedgrassrootsgroupsof99ers.Theirgoalisto convincelawmakerstoextendunemploymentbenefits. ButPennsylvaniaStateRepresentativeScottPetrisaysgovernmentssimplydonothave enoughmoneytoextendunemploymentinsurance.(18)Hethinksthebestwaytohelpthe 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 5 22long-termunemployedistoallowprivatecitizenstoinvestinlocalcompaniesthatcancreate morejobs.Buttheboostininvestorconfidenceneededfortheplantoworkwilltaketime— timethatRosensaysstillrequireshimtobuyfoodandmakemonthlymortgagepayments. Rosensayshe􀆳llusethelastofhissavingstotrytohangontothehomeheworkedfor morethan20yearstobuy.Butoncethatmoneyisgone,hesayshedoesn􀆳tknowwhathe􀆳lldo. 16.Howdoesunemploymentinsurancehelptheunemployed? 17.WhatislocaldirectorElizabethWalshoftheBucksCountyCareerLinkdoing? 18.WhatdoesPennsylvaniaStateRepresentativeScottPetrisayisthebestwaytohelpthe long-termunemployed? RecordingTwo (19)Earlierthisyear,BritishexplorerPenHadowandhisteamtrekkedforthreemonths acrossthefrozenArcticOcean,takingmeasurementsandrecordingobservationsabouttheice. “Well,we􀆳dbeenledtobelievethatwewouldencounteragoodproportion,ofthisolder, thicker,technicallymulti-yearicethat􀆳sbeenaroundforafewyearsandjustgetsthickerand thicker.Weactuallyfoundtherewasn􀆳tanymulti-yeariceatall.” (20)Satelliteobservationsandsubmarinesurveysoverthepastfewyearshadshownless iceinthepolarregion,buttherecentmeasurementsshowthelossismorepronouncedthan previouslythought. “We􀆳relookingatroughly80percentlossoficecoverontheArcticOceanin10years, roughly10years,and100percentlossinnearly20years.” (21)CambridgescientistPeterWadhamswho􀆳sbeenmeasuringandmonitoringtheArctic since1971saysthedeclineisirreversible. “Themoreyoulose,themoreopenwateriscreated,themorewarminggoesoninthat openwaterduringthesummer,thelessiceformsinthewinter,themoremeltthereisthe followingsummer.Itbecomesabreakdownprocesswhereeverythingendsupacceleratinguntil it􀆳sallgone.” MartinSommerkornrunstheArcticprogramfortheenvironmentalcharitythe World WildlifeFund. “The Arcticseaiceholdsacentralpositioninthe Earth􀆳sclimatesystem andit􀆳s deterioratingfasterthanexpected.Actuallyithastotranslateintomoreurgencytodealwith theclimatechangeproblemandreduceemissions.” Summerkornsaysaplantoreducegreenhousegasemissionsblamedforglobalwarming needstocomeoutoftheCopenhagenclimatechangesummitinDecember. “Wehavetobasicallyachievetherethecommitmenttodealwiththeproblemnow.That􀆳s theminimum.Wehavetodothatequitablyandwehavetofindacommitmentthatisquick.” Wadhamsechoestheneedforurgency. “Thecarbonthatwe􀆳veputintotheatmospherekeepshavingawarmingeffectfor100 years,sowehavetocutbackrapidlynow,becauseitwilltakealongtimetoworkitsway throughintoaresponsebytheatmosphere.Wecan􀆳tswitchoffglobalwarmingjustbybeing goodinthefuture.Wehavetostartbeinggoodnow.” (22)Wadhamssaysthereisnoeasytechnologicalfixtoclimatechange.Heandother scientistssaytherearebasicallytwooptionstoreplacingfossilfuels,generatingenergywith 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 6 22renewables,orembracingnuclearpower. 19.WhatdidPenHadowandhisteamdointheArcticOcean? 20.WhatdoesthereportsayabouttheArcticregion? 21.WhatdoesCambridgescientistPeterWadhamssayinhisstudy? 22.HowdoesPeterWadhamsviewclimatechange? RecordingThree Fromaveryearlyage,somechildrenexhibitbetterself-controlthanothers.(23)Now,a newstudythatbeganwithabout1,000childreninNewZealandhastrackedhowachild􀆳slow self-controlcanpredictpoorhealth,moneytroublesandevenacriminalrecordintheiradult years.Researchershavebeenstudyingthisgroupofchildrenfordecadesnow.Someoftheir earliestobservationshavetodowiththelevelofself-controltheyoungstersdisplayed.Parents, teachers,eventhekidsthemselves,scoretheyoungsterson measureslike “actingbefore thinking”and“persistenceinreachinggoals”.Thechildrenofthestudyarenowadultsintheir thirties.TerryMoffittofDukeUniversityandherresearchcolleaguesfoundthatkidswithself-control issuestendedtogrowuptobecomeadultswithfarmoretroublingsetofissuestodealwith. “Thechildrenwhohadthelowestself-controlwhentheywereaged3to10,lateronhad themosthealthproblemsintheirthirtiesandtheyhadtheworstfinancialsituationandthey weremorelikelytohaveacriminalrecordandtoberaisingachildasasingleparentonavery lowincome.” SpeakingfromNewZealandviaSkype,Moffittexplainedthatself-controlproblemswere widelyobservedandweren􀆳tjustafeatureofasmallgroupofmisbehavingkids.“Eventhe childrenwhohadabove-averageself-controlaspreschoolerscouldhavebenefitedfrom more self-controltraining.Theycouldhaveimprovedtheirfinancialsituationandtheirphysicaland mentalhealthsituationthirtyyearslater.” So,childrenwithminorself-controlproblemswerelikelyasadultstohaveminorhealth problems,andsoon.Moffittsaidit􀆳sstillunclearwhysomechildrenhavebetterself-control thanothers,thoughshesaysotherresearchershavefoundthatit􀆳smostlyalearnedbehavior,with relativelylittlegeneticinfluence.Butgoodself-controlcanbesettoruninfamiliesinthatchildrenwho havegoodself-controlaremorelikelytogrowuptobehealthyandprosperousparents. (24)“Whereassomeofthelowself-controlstudymembersaremorelikelytobesingle parentswithaverylowincomeandtheparentisinpoorhealthandlikelytobeaheavy substanceabuser.Sothat􀆳snotagoodatmosphereforachild.Soitlooksasthoughself-control issomethingthatinonegenerationcandisadvantagethenextgeneration.” (25)ButthegoodnewsisthatMoffittsaysself-controlcanbetaughtbyparents,and throughschoolcurriculathathaveprovedtobeeffective.TerryMoffitt􀆳spaperon“TheLink BetweenChildhood Self-controland Adults􀆳Status Decades Later”is publishedinthe proceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences. 23.Whatisthenewstudyabout? 24.Whatdoesthestudyseemtoshow? 25.WhatdoesMoffittsayisthegoodnewsfromtheirstudy? 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 7 22PartIII ReadingComprehension 26~30:ADFOC 31~35:HNJKL 36~40:FJAGL 41~45:HCIPK 46~50:CCABA 51~55:DBDAB SectionA 机器人革命必定会使人们直面昔日的恐惧———像我们人类一样聪明且有能力的人造机器人,但这些机器人 却缺少道德指南。随着机器人承担更加复杂的角色,问题也自然而然地出现了:当机器人犯错误时,谁来承担责 任呢? 制造商? 使用者? 程序员? 答案取决于机器人。 机器人已经节省了我们的时间、金钱和精力。未来,机器人还会改善我们的健康、社会福利体系和生活水 平。计算能力和工程技术进步的结合最终将给残疾人带来低成本的家庭护理,促进无人驾驶汽车的广泛使用从 而减少醉驾和分心驾驶引发的交通事故,还会被大量用于家政及服务业,如机器人的业务范围可以从清扫街道 到准备食物。 但是也一定会产生问题。机器人汽车可能发生碰撞。遥控飞行器的操纵者可能侵犯别人的隐私。机器人 割草机可能碾压邻居家的猫。陪审团同情被机器伤害的受害者,他们将用公司难以承受的惩罚和损害赔偿金来 惩处企业家们。政府怎样才能既保护人们又给这种创新保留空间呢? 公共安全所依赖的大型复杂的系统,如无 人驾驶汽车,应由生产商们创建、编程并销售。这些生产商会承担安全保障的责任,对事故负责。政府应设定安 全要求,并让保险公司根据生产商的而非乘客的驾驶记录,给这种风险标价。 空格位于主从复合句的主句中 为主语 缺少谓语动词 因此空格处应填入动词的第三人称 26.A) ,thequestion , , 单数形式 且该动词为不及物动词 上文提到人们惧怕机器人缺乏道德指南 空 , 。 (withoutamoralcompass), 格后是具体问题 因此 该句应说问题自然 出现 应选 出现 发生 第三人称单数动词 上 。 , “ ”, arises“ , ”。 ascends“ 升 升高 不与 搭配 , ”, question 。 空格位于定冠词 之后 之前 且是本句主语的中心词 因此空格处应填入名词 该句试图说明 27.D) The ,of , , 。 计算能力和工程技术进步 的共同作用 结合名词备选项的词 (computationalpower) (engineeringadvances) , 义 可判断 结合 符合文意 , combination“ ” 。 空格位于情态动词 之后 动词原形 之前 由此可推断空格处应填入副词 该句主要说明在计 28.F) will , enable , 。 算能力和工程技术进步的共同作用下 给残疾人带来了低成本的家庭护理等 可判断 最终 终 , 。 eventually“ , 于 符合文意 ” 。 空格位于名词 之前 是 的宾语的一部分 因此可填入形容词作定语修饰名词 并且该词与形容 29.O) use , enable , , 词 以及 并列 此处主要表示 无人驾驶车辆的使用 分布广的 广泛流传 lower-cost countless 。 “ ”,widespread“ , 的 符合文意 ” 。 空格位于系动词 之后 动词不定式结构 之前 前文提到机器人最终会普遍使用 该句 30.C) are , tobeproblems 。 , 试图表明问题一定会出现 可判断 此处应填入 表示 必定 一定 。 , bound,beboundtodo “ , ”。 空格位于情态动词 之后 空格之后的 充当句子的宾语 由此推断此处应填入及物 31.H) will , someone􀆳sprivacy , 动词的动词原形 该句含义为 遥控飞行器的操纵者可能 别人的隐私 可判断 侵犯 侵占 符 。 “ ”。 ,invade“ , ” 合文意 。 空格位于定冠词 之后 介词 之前 故应填入名词 另外 该句主语为 32.N) the , of , 。 , Juries,sympathetictothe 作后置定语修饰主语 此处主要说明陪审团对那些机器的 同情 该段第三 四句中的 ofmachines 。 。 、 和 可判断 受害者 符合文意 privacy runoveraneighbor􀆳scat ,victims“ ” 。 空格位于复合形容词 之后 并且在结构上与 并列 因此判断空格处应填入名 33.J) company-crushing , damages , 词的复数形式 该句陈述的是惩罚企业家的后果 具体来讲是指惩罚措施可能会给公司造成损害或者使公 。 , 司垮掉 结合备选名词复数 惩罚 处罚 符合文意 。 ,penalties“ , ” 。 空格位于连词 之后 可填入动名词 表示 两件事同时发生 该句指出 政府该怎样做才能既保护 34.K) while , , “ ”。 , 人们又创新的空间 结合上下文分析 维护 保护 符合文意 。 ,preserving“ , ” 。 空格从结构上与 及 并列 因此判断应填入过去分词 满足被动语态 此处表明大型复杂的系统 35.L) built sold , , 。 应由生产商们创建 和销售 只有 编程 符合文意 、 。 programmed“ ” 。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 8 22SectionB 改革和医疗费用 )( )美国人非常但心不断上涨的医疗费用和健康保险费用。他们需要知道改革是否能够帮助解决这一问 A 38 题。答案是根本就没有能轻易解决医疗费用增长的方案。基本的措施———重塑在浪费且异常的系统里的医 疗服务和医疗支付方式———似乎只能通过反复试验和逐渐积累经验得以实现。 )好消息是,由众议院刚刚通过的一项法案和另一项由参议院金融委员会通过的法案即将施行或测试多项改 B 革,从长远来看,这些措施应该能够减緩医疗费用的增长速度。《新英格兰医学杂志》中的一篇报道中指出, 近来,医疗政策文献中的几乎每一个创新提议都包含在这些措施中了。 )( )医疗开支的增长速度远远快于收入和整个国民经济的增长,这主要有两个推动因素:医疗服务收费高和 C 42 医生与医院为病人实施很多不必要的治疗,很多检测和治疗经常远远超出病人的真正需求。 )下面是众议院和参议院的法案中一些试图解决那些问题的重要提议,并解释为什么很难了解其效果。 D )两院法案都会引进新技术和新的工作方式,以此来降低每年支付给医院、养老院及其他医疗供方的医疗费用 E 的增长速度。这样,每年节省的费用相当于其他行业每年常规的生产力结余。该提议在未来的十年将会节 省 , 多亿美元的医疗保健开支。如果私人保险计划也要求医疗供方节省类似的生产力结余,并拒绝供 1000 方把附加费用转移给他们,那么结余将会更多。评论家说国会将会屈服于说客,给低效率的医疗供方放行。 但是如果国会也采取坚决“现收现付”规则,支付给医疗供方新增加的费用都要由新的税收或预算削减来抵 消,那么这种情况就不太可能发生。 )参议院金融委员会法案要向金额超过 美元的个人医保计划及超过 , 美元的家庭已报计划征收消 F 8000 21000 费税。这项税收很可能会使保险公司重新设计保险计划以降到起征点以下。投保人不得不自掏腰包为众多服 务支付更多的费用,这就促使他们不得不慎重考虑是否有必要珠行一项昂贵或多余的测试。( )经济学家预 36 测,大多数雇主会把高额健康福利金折合为工资。众议院的法案没有类似的税收。最终立法应该有所规定。 )全力解决各保险公司的各种文件的医生或试图了解保险公司大量的声明的病人都知道,去繁从简应该会省 G 钱。( )如果健康保险业依旧配合改革,那么保险公司将会主动提供自动处理的标准表格。据估计,这一举 39 措将在未来十年节省数千亿美元。法案会把该承诺纳入法律当中。 )( )剌激计划提供资金把低效的纸质医疗体系转变成依靠电子记录的医疗体系,这样查看和传输信息更加 H 41 方便。这就需要开放投资来帮助医生完成转变。( )消除不必要的检查、防止药物相互作用、帮助医生找到 41 最佳治疗方法,最终医疗费用得以控制。 )( )实际上,所有的专家都认为医疗费用体系中,以医疗数量而非医疗质量和效果作为导向的奖励机制是医 I 43 疗费用居高不下的主要原因。大多数专家也认同,解决的方法就是让医生同意根据一年之内治疗的某种疾病 或病人需求收取固定费用。没有人知道如何快速实现这一切。两院的法案都会在医疗保险之内开展医疗试点 项目。其中包括建立责任医疗组织负责病人需求并监管医疗成本和质量;还有对于慢性疾病的管理,确保那些 承担大部分医疗费用的重病患者能够得到妥善治疗。在极大程度上,需要奖励政策来激励医生尝试这些试验。 )只有在保证好的试验能得到认同并得以推广,不好的试验被摒弃的情况下,测试创新才会有用处。参议院法 J 案将会建立一个独立的委员会来监督试点项目,并建议医疗费用政策应发生改变,来督促医疗供方采纳有效 的改革。( )这些改变可能需要经过国会的全票通过或全票否决,这就使代表狭隘利益的说客很难让立法者 37 顺从他们的意志。 )两院的法案都提议建立医疗保险交易所,这样一来,小企业和个人就能够从一系列的私人保险计划,甚至是 K 公共保险计划中选择。所有计划都要提供多个标准福利方案,方便客户进行比较。为了获得上百万的新客 户,保险公司将会非常愿意入驻交易所。( )这种面对面的竟争可能会促使他们通过接受更低的利润率 或 45 . 者要求医疗供方提供更有利的交易来降低价格。 )( )最终的立法可能会把一项公共保险计划投入竟争中,但是由于保险业和共和党批评家强烈反对,这一计 L 40 划也不会节省太多钱。正如改革者期望的那样,众议院的法案中的公共保险计划将不得不与医疗供方就费 率进行协商,而不是直接使用医疗保险费率。 )总统的刺激计划正在向研究注资,以此来比较不同治疗的效果。外科手术、放射治疔或者是严密监测,哪一 M 种前列腺癌治疗方法的效果最好呢? 最新的、最昂贵的降胆固醇药物要比普通同类药物效果更好吗? 这些 即将颁布的法案将会增加投资,加快研究进程。 )批评家指控说这个合理的想法将会导致护理的定量配给。(只有当你认为病人对不当治疔有无限权利的时 N 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 1 9 22候,这一观点才能立。)因此,这些法案并没有要求研究结果用于设定医疗保险缴费率,虽然应该这样做。 )国会需要鼓起勇气允许医疗保险优先支付更有效的疗法。有时最佳疗法可能费用最高。但是总的来说,我 O 们猜想,通过减少很多不必要或者甚至是危险的测试和治疗,医疗开销或许能够降低。 )众议院法案授权卫生和公众服务部部长就联邦医疗保险和医疗补助计划中的药品价格进行谈判。( )一些 P 44 权威分析家怀疑部长不能获得比私人保险公司已经取得的更有利的交易。我们相信协商能够起作用,因为 其他国家就有这样的先例。 )这些法案忽视了能够真正控制医疗事故成本的方法。医疗事故赔偿会抬高从事高风险专业的医生的保险费。 Q 有些证据证明,医生进行检测和治疗的这种“防御性医疗”主要是为了在万一被起诉时能够证明不是自己的过失。 根据题干中的 和 定位到 段 该段第四句指出 经济学家 36.F) mostemployers,healthinsuranceplans wages F) 。 , 预测 大多数雇主会把高额健康福利金转化为工资 题干中 是原文中 的同义转 , 。 transfermoney shiftmoney 述 对应原文中 故答案为 ,expensivehealthinsuranceplans expensivehealthbenefits, F)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段末句 定位句指出 这些改变可能需要经过 37.J) Changes approvedorrejected J) 。 , 国会的全票通过或全票否决 这就使代表狭隘利益的说客很难让立法者顺从他们的意志 题干中的 , 。 influ- 对应定位句中的 故答案为 encelawmakers bendlawmakerstotheirwill, J)。 根据题干关键词 定位到 段第 句 该句指出 根本就不存在一个能够轻易地控制 38.A) risingmedicalcosts A) 3 。 , 医疗成本增长的方案 题干中的 对应定位句中的 故答案为 。 Itisnoteasytocurb noonehasaneasyfix, A)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该第 句指出 如果健康保险业依旧配合 39.G) automaticprocessing save G) 。 2、3 , 改革 那么保险公司将会主动提供自动处理的标准表格 据估计 这一举措将在未来十年节省数千亿美元 , 。 , 。 题干是对原文的同义转述 故答案为 , G)。 根据题干关键词 和 和 定位到 段首句 该句指出 40.L) Republicans theinsuranceindustry stronglyopposed L) 。 , 最终的立法可能会把一项公共保险计划投人竞争中 但是由于保险业和共和党批评家强烈反对 这一计划可 , , 能不会节省太多的钱 题干中的 对应定位句中的 故答案为 。 arestronglyopposedto thefierceopposition, L)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段 段第一句 41.H) Conversion,electronicmedicalrecords druginteractions H) 。H) 指出 刺激计划提供资金把低效的纸质医疗体系转变成电子记录的医疗体系 这样查看和传输信息更加方 , . 便 第三句又说 电子医疗记录能消除不必要的检查 防止药物相互作用 帮助医生找到最佳治疗方法 题 。 , 、 、 。 干是对定位句的归纳总结 故答案为 , H)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段指出 医疗费 42.C) thehighcost,medicalservices testsandtreatments C) 。 , 用通常要比工资和整体经济增长得快 主要有两个推动因素 医疗服务收费高和医生与医院为病人实施很多 , : 不必要的治疗 很多检测和治疗经常远远超出病人的真正需求 题干中的 对应定位句中的 , 。 drivenup pro- 故答案为 pelled, C)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段首句 该句指出 所有的专家都认为医疗费用体系中 以医疗数 43.I) care effect I) 。 , , 量而非医疗质量和效果作为导向的奖励机制是医疗费用居高不下的主要原因 题干中的 。 arecompensated 对应定位句中的 题干中的 对应原文中的 故答案为 for arerewardedfor, theamount thequantity, I)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段第 句指出 一些权威分析家怀疑部长不能 44.P) doubts negotiation P) 。 2、3 , 取得比私人保险公司已经取得的更有利的交易 我们相信协商能够起作用 由此可知 作者与分析家的怀 。 。 , 疑相反 题干是对定位句的概括 故答案为 。 , P)。 根据题干关键词 和 定位到 段 该段末句指出 这种面对面的竞争可能 45.K) competition astrongincentive K) 。 , 会促使他们通过接受更微薄的利润 或者要求医疗供方提供更有利的交易来降低价格 题干中的 , 。 charge 对应定位句中的 故答案为 less lowertheirprices, K)。 SectionC PassageOne ( )根据最新一项报道,面对水源短缺和肥料价格逐渐上涨,发展中国家的农民正在使用未经处理的下水 46 道污水为近 万英亩的农田灌溉和施肥———这也许并不是坏事。 4900 ( )尽管这种做法给很多人带来很大的健康风险,但是对于贫穷的城市农民和需要平价食品的消费者带来 46 的社会和经济效益远大于这些危险。 “废水灌溉农业给大量城市消费者带来帮助和伤害的可能性都很高,”领导这项研究的 说。 LiqaRaschid-Sally 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 2 0 22该项研究集中于贫困的城市地区,城市中或周边的农场提供相对廉价的食品。农田的灌溉水大多来自当地 河流或湖泊。然而,与发达城市不同,这些地区缺乏先进的水处理设施,而河流实际上就成了下水道。 ( )当这些水用于农业灌溉的时候,农民和那些生食未经清洗的农产品的消费者便面临摄入引发疾病的细 47 菌的风险。根据世界卫生组织的统计,每年有将近 万人死于与腹泻相关的疾病。超过 的案例与接触受 220 80% 污染水源和缺乏正规的公共卫生设施有关。( )但是环境科学家 认为,使用未经处理的人类排泄 48 PayDrechsel 物种植粮食所产生的社会、经济效益远大于其健康风险。 ( )这些风险可以通过对农民和消费者的教育得到解决,他说道,而从人类废物中获得的免费水源和养料 49 可以帮助发展中国家的城市农民摆脱贫困。 农业是水密集型产业,约占全球淡水消耗的 的。 70% 在贫困、干涸的地区,未经处理的污水是唯一切实可行的灌溉来源,能让农民继续维持营生。有时候,水源 太过匮乏,农民甚至会撬开污水管道把污水排入地河流的下水管道。 在发展中国家,灌溉是人类排泄物最主要的农业用途。但从厕所收集的未经处理的人类排泄物常常被送到 农场,作为肥料进行播撒。 在多数情况下,人类排泄物用于种植农作物,而这些农作物会经过烹煮,从而将传播水生疾病的风险降到最 低。去年,某些地方每公吨肥料的价格上涨了将近 ,这就使人类排泄物成为有吸引力的,而且往往是必不可 50% 少的替代选择。 在使用污泥的情况下,可以避免使用昂贵的化学肥料。这种污泥含有同样重要的营养成分。 ( )“过分严格的标准往往难以达到,”世界卫生组织水健康专家 说。“我们需要接受这个地 50 JamesBartram 球大部分地区的实际情况,所以完全有理由使用微处理或未处理废物进行农业生产。” 根据题干中的 定位到第一段 该段指出 发展中国家的农民正在使用未经 46.C) useofrawsewageforfarming 。 , 处理的下水道污水进行农田灌溉 接下来一段明确指出 尽管这种做法给很多人带来很大的健康风险 但其 ; , , 社会和经济效益远大于这些风险 故答案为 , C)。 根据题干中的 和 定位到第五段 该段首句指出 使 47.C) themainproblem theuseofwastewaterforirrigation 。 , 用污水进行农业灌溉会产生健康风险 农民和那些生食未经清洗的农产品的消费者可能会摄入引发疾病的 : 细菌 故答案为 , C)。 根据题干中的人名 定位到第五段末句 该句明确指出 环境科学家 认为 使用 48.A) PayDrechsel 。 , PayDrechsel , 未经处理的人类排泄物种植粮食所产生的社会 经济效益远大于其健康危害 这说明他支持这一做法 故答 、 。 , 案为 A)。 由题干中的人名关键词 和 定位到第六段 该段指出 认为使用未经处理 49.B) PayDrechsel risks 。 ,PayDrechse 的人类排泄物进行农业生产的风险可以通过对农民和消费者的教育得到解决 项的 是原句 ,B dealtwith ad- 的同义转述 故答案为 dressed , B)。 由题干中的人名关键词 定位到最后一段 从该段可以看出 世界卫生组织水健康专家 50.A) JamesBartram 。 , 认为 使用微处理或未处理废物进行农业生产是有充分理由的 因为这是由我们这个星球大 JamesBartram , , 部分地区面临的实际情况决定的 由此可见 他与 的观点一致 对人类排泄物的使用持肯定态 。 , PayDrechsel , 度 故答案为 , A)。 PassageTwo 如今,人们无需下厨。家家户户都在吃高胆固醇的外卖和微波炉加热即熟的食品。烹饪成了一种偶然的爱 好和名厨们表现的工具。( )奇怪的是,厨房已成为现代家庭的核心:厨房在 世纪家庭中的地位,犹如大厅 51 21 在中世纪城堡中的地位。 用在厨房的开支已经随着其地位的提高而上涨。在美国,厨房市场目前价值 , 亿美元,是电影产业的 1700 5 倍。截至 年 月,瑞典家具连锁公司宜家( )在全球售出了 多万套厨房用具。据《家装》杂志估算, 2007 8 IKEA 100 在 年,厨房“大”翻修的平均预算为惊人的 , 美元;即便是“小”改造也要平均花费 , 美元。 2006 54000 18000 ( )在高级时装界更为常见的专营权也已进入了厨房市场:英国定制厨房制造商罗宾逊 康尼什公司推 52 & 出了一套乔治王时代风格的厨房,费用在 , 英镑到 , 英鎊之间———还不包括修建、安装水管和铺 145000 155000 设电线。它的一大卖点是绝无仅有:“你在世界其他任何地方都不会再看到这种厨房。” ( )由曾经只属于仆人的房间到现代家庭设计的陈列间,厨房地位的提高讲述了一个世纪的社会变革的故 53 事。刚刚步入 世纪时,厨房还是一个充满油烟,非常嘈杂的地方,通常位于地下或者屋后,尽可能地远离生活 20 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 2 1 22场所。情况也本应如此:厨房是仆人的工作地,而抱负远大的中产阶级则对其避而远之。 但是,随着工人阶级的兴起和开始出现的仆人短缺,管理家务变成了知识阶层感兴趣的事情。以一种激进 的新方式思考厨房的先驱之一就是 的妹妹 。( )在 年出 HarrietBeecherStowe CatharineEstherBeecher 54 1869 版的《美国妇女家居》一书中, 姐妹推荐了一种家务管理的科学方法,其目的是提高女性工作的效率并促 Beecher 使其有序开展。 关于厨房设计的许多当代理念都可以追溯到另外一个美国人:试图提高家庭主妇效率的 ChristineFreder- 。她 年的著作《家务工程:家庭的科学管理》就是基于对家庭主妇日常生活的详细观察。她借鉴了工厂 ick 1919 车间的效率原则,并将其应用到厨房家务之中。 ( ) 的中心思想———“炉灶、水槽以及厨台的摆放必须满足这样一种关系:完全避免无用的步 55Frederick 伐”———催生了 世纪 年代由 设计的第一个设备齐全的厨房。这是现代主义 20 20 MargareteSchutter-Lihotsky 者的胜利,并且许多元素依然是当今厨房的核心特色。 根据题干中的 定位到首段末句 该句中冒号之前的分句明确指出 厨房已成为现代 51.D) thekitchenoftoday 。 , 家庭的核心 其中 与 中的 意思一致 冒号之后的分句运用对比法 进一步强调了厨房 , theheart D) thecenter ; , 的核心地位 故答案为 。 D)。 根据题干中的 定位到第三段 由定位段可知 英国定制厨房制造商罗宾逊 康尼 52.B) Georgian-stylekitchen 。 , & 什公司推出了一套乔治王时代风格的厨房 费用在 英镑到 英镑之间 它的一大卖点是绝 , 145,000 155,000 。 无仅有 你在世界其他任何地方都不会再看到这种厨房 可知 该厨房价格高的原因是在任何地方都找不 :“ ”。 , 到复制品 故答案为 , B)。 根据题干中的 定位到第四段 该段首句指出 厨房从曾经只属于仆 53.D) thechangeinthestatusofthekitchen 。 , 人的房间变为现代家庭设计的陈列间 这表明了厨房地位的提高 而这一变化讲述了一个世纪的社会变革 , , , 故答案为 D)。 根据题干中的 定位到第五段 该段末句指出 在 年出版的 美国妇女家居 一书 54.A) theBeechersisters 。 , 1869 《 》 中 姐妹推荐了一种家务管理的科学方法 旨在提高女性工作的效率并促使其有序开展 也就是说 ,Beecher , 。 , 姐妹认为厨房应该是女性能够更高效地工作的地方 故答案为 Beecher , A)。 根据题干中的 和题文同序原则定位到最后一段 该段指出 世纪 年代由 55.B) today􀆳skitchen 。 ,20 20 Margarete 设计的第一个设备齐全的厨房 其中的许多元素仍是当今厨房的核心特色 即当今厨房的许多核心特色与 , 。 世纪 年代的厨房并无不同 故答案为 20 20 , B)。 PartIV Translation 【参考译文】 Shenzhenisanewly-developedcityinGuangdongprovince,China.Beforereformando- pening-up,Shenzhenwassimplyafishingvillagewithjustover30,000people.Inthe1980s, theChinesegovernmentcreatedShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneasanexperimentalgroundfor thepracticeofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Today,itspopulationhasexceeded10millionand thewholecityhasundergonetremendouschanges. Shenzhen􀆳sper-capitaGDPhadreached$25,000by2014,equaltothatofsomedeveloped countriesintheworld.ShenzhenranksamongthetopChinesecitiesintermsofcomprehensive economicpower.Duetoitsuniquestatus,Shenzhenalsoisanidealplaceforbusinessstartups bybothdomesticandforeignentrepreneurs. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2016-6 2 2 2 22