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文化文学类
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1 、 英译汉
All social occasions in Sweden are regulated by rules and traditions. And these
traditions are expressed in a specific ritual made up of formal bows, handshakes, and
greetings. When a visitor enters a Swedish home, he is invariably received with a
“Welcome”; when he leaves, his host will tell him “You will be welcome again.”
These charming phrases are an indestructible part of Swedish social life and they give
it an old-world flavor of good manners.
Equally attractive is the Swedish acceptance of modern technological equipment.
A traveler never needs to search for a telephone is Sweden: telephone booths are
placed at regular intervals along the main streets and highways. And in church, for
example, long benches are fitted with hearing aids for worshippers who may be hard
of hearing. Swedish homes are among the best equipped in the world and travelers
in Sweden find their journeys made easy by the use of the most efficient modern
devices.
The Swedes are an efficient and most capable people. This is their respect for
their friends and acquaintances and especially for the visitor to their country. At
whatever cost to themselves, they take care not to give another person the slightest
degree of discomfort.
2 、 英译汉
The style of Dryden is capricious and varied, that of Pope is cautious and
uniform; Dryden obeys the motions of his own mind, Pope constrains his mind to his
own rules of composition. Dryden is sometimes vehement and rapid; Pope is always
smooth, uniform, and gentle. Dryden’s page is a natural field, rising into one
qualities, and diversified by the varied exuberance of abundant vegetation; Pope’s
is a velvet lawn, shaven by the scythe, and leveled by the roller.
Of genius, that power which constitutes a poet; that quality without which
judgment is cold, and knowledge is inert; that energy which collects, combines,
amplifies, and animates; the superiority must, with some hesitation, be allowed to
Dryden. It is not to be inferred, that of this poetical vigor Pope had only a little,
Because Dryden had more; for every other writer since Milton must give place to
Pope; and even of Dryden it must be said, that, if he has brighter paragraphs, he has
not better poems. Dryden’s performances were always hasty, either excited by
some external occasion, or extorted by domestic necessity; he composed withoutconsideration, and published without correction, what his mind could supply at call,
or gather in one excursion, was all that he sought, and all that he gave. The dilatory
caution of Pope enabled him to condense his sentiments, to multiply his images, and
to accumulate all that study might produce, or chance might supply. If of Dryden’s
fire the blaze is bright, of Pope’s the heat is more regular and constant. Dryden
often surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it. (300 words)
3 、 英译汉
When Mary Lennox was sent to Misselthwaite Manor to live with her uncle
everybody said she was the most disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It was true,
too. She had a little thin face and a little thin body, thin light hair and a sour
expression. Her hair was yellow, and her face was yellow because she had been born
in India and had always been ill in one way or another. Her father had held a position
under the English Government and had always been busy and ill himself, and her
mother had been a great beauty who cared only to go to parties and amuse herself
with gay people. She had not wanted a little girl at all, and when Mary was born she
handed her over to the care of an Ayah, who was made to understand that if she
wished to please the Mem Sahib she must keep the child out of sight as much as
possible. So when she was a sickly, fretful, ugly little baby she was kept out of the
way, and when she became a sickly, fretful, toddling thing she was kept out of the
way also. She never remembered seeing familiarly anything but the dark faces of her
Ayah and the other native servants. And as they always obeyed her and gave her her
own way in everything, because the Mem Sahib would be angry if she was disturbed
by her crying, by the time she was six years old she was as tyrannical and selfish a
little pig as ever lived. The young English governess who came to teach her to read
and write disliked her so much that she gave up her place in three months, and when
other governesses came to try to fill it they always went away in a shorter time than
the first one. So if Mary had not chosen to really want to know how to read books she
would never have learned her letters at all.
4 、 英译汉
I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect,
confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen
to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager
discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once
the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel
about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in Scottish Highlands. I have never heard
anyone making a ‘skeleton’, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and
remarking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to concern
things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This
organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an
indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and
another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has
captured it. Sometimes the years within a writer outlives a book he has written. I
have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents theystand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before
them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling
out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those
around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to
explain a crime or a love affair. He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.
This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study
his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has
begun to write to please.
A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that
the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this
reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or
movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can
replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his
heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of,
and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the
search for what his world contains at its inmost point.
5 、 英译汉
A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from
skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools.
And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is
Jamestown Settlement today.
Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first places in the world where people from
Europe, America, and Africa came together in 1608. Today, it is a living history
museum, where children and adults come to experience history. In a living history
museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities
of daily life back then. The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they
do.
At a Living History museum, there are always many things to touch, hear, and
smell Visitors at Jamestown Settlement can walk through copies of the three small
sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonist’s bed.
The colonists stayed on the crowed, dangerous ships for more than four months.
When they got to Virginia they built an area of houses with a high wall around it in
today’s fort(堡垒)，you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that
the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can
help them with their sewing and cooking.
There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown Settlement, and it looks very
different from the fort. It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn
and other crops in large fields. Actors there make pottery(陶器) and teach visitors
how to play Indian games. You can even help them make an Indian boat from a tree.
Today the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular, especially with
children and families. People come here to have fun, but also to learn. Many school
classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done. A living history museum is
the best way to understand how people lived in the past.
6 、 英译汉“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, “have you heard that
Netherfield Park is let at last?”
Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
“But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me
all about it.”
Mr. Bennet made no answer.
“Do not you want to know who has taken it?” cried his wife impatiently. “You
want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.”
This was invitation enough.
“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a
young man of large fortune from the north of England that he came down on
Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that
he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before
Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next
week.”
“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single?”
“Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five
thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”
“How so? How can it affect them?”
“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You
must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”
“Is that his design in settling here?”
“Design! nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in
love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.”
“I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by
themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of
them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.”
7 、 英译汉
Do you remember how Forrest Gump was preparing for the biggest ping pong
match of his life to be played in China? Well, he came, he played, and he kicked butt. I
am pretty sure “Lose Face” were the words of the day.
The Forrest Gump pipedream visits me every now and then. I have always
fantasized about standing atop the gold-medal podium for the Red, White and Blue;
victory paddle in one hand, 24-karats around my neck, Chinese opponents on both
sides, with Old Glory rising and the Star-Spangled Banner playing. Ok, wake me up.
Who am I kidding? The Chinese will lose their number one spot on the ping pong
podium when Hainan Island freezes over. And that's why I started playing the
glorious game of ma jiang.
If you can't beat 'em at ping pong, ma jiang must be the second best thing, right?
Now, I am not talking about mahjong, the matching tile game you play on the
computer to kill time; I am talking about bona fide, cutthroat Chinese majiang.
I feel the most "Chinese" when I am sitting at the ma jiang table raking in the
dough. And most of the time, in terms of making money, Chairman Mao's face is my
friend, but hot streaks easily give way to cold ones. Indeed, most of ma jiang is a
game of luck; I would say 70% luck and 30% skill.Unlike poker, in ma jiang, reading your opponents tends to be almost
impossible, so tense stare downs are rarely seen.
Perhaps, I am the only Westerner in this city who plays ma jiang competitively. I
guess you could call me the Da Shan of ma jiang, and that's part of the thrill for me.
The other part of it is being just as skilled as my Chinese opponents, who started
playing ma jiang when I was just a little kid, swinging the Little League bat back
stateside.
Truly, when I started playing ma jiang, I didn't know what I was gonna get; I
didn't realize back then, that today, I would love it so much. I am a competitive
person, so I guess ma jiang and me turned out to be-well-you know, like those two
compatible veggies. In the end, if ma jiang one day becomes an Olympic event, you
know what's going down. (390 words)
8 、 英译汉
Another legend is that of the two maiden sisters. A legend I am afraid it may be,
in the most discreditable meaning of the term; or perhaps something worse—a mere
yesterday's fiction. But it is a story of some vitality, and is worthy of a place in the
Edinburgh calendar. This pair inhabited a single room; from the facts, it must have
been double-bedded; and it may have been of some dimensions: but when all is said,
it was a single room. Here our two spinsters fell out—on some point of controversial
divinity belike (也许): but fell out so bitterly that there was never a word spoken
between them black or white from that day forward, foil would have thought they
would separate: but no; whether from lack of means, or the Scottish fear of scandal,
they continued to keep house together where they were. A chalk line drawn upon the
floor separated their two domains; it bisected (切成两部分) the doorway and the
fireplace, so that each could go out and in, and do her cooking, without violating the
territory of the other.
So, for years, they coexisted in a hateful silence; their meals, their ablutions,
their friendly visitors, exposed to an unfriendly scrutiny; and at night, in the dark
watches, each could hear the breathing of her enemy. Never did four walls look down
upon an uglier spectacle than these sisters rivalling in unsisterliness. Here is a canvas
for Hawthorne to have turned into a cabinet picture—he had a Puritanic vein. which
would have fitted him to treat this Puritanic horror; he could have shown them to us
in their sicknesses and at their hideous twin devotions, thumbing a pair of great
Bibles, or praying aloud for each other's penitence with marrowy (多髓的，有力的)
emphasis; now each, with kilted petticoat, at her own corner of the fire on some
tempestuous evening; now sitting each at her window, looking out upon the summer
landscape sloping far below them towards the firth (峡湾) field-paths where they had
wandered hand in hand; or, as age and infirmity grow upon them and prolonged
their toilettes, and their bands began to tremble and their heads to nod involuntarily,
growing only the more steeled in enmity with years; until one fine day, at a word, a
look, a visit or the approach of death, their hearts would melt and the chalk boundary
be overstepped forever.
9 、 英译汉Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day
shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became
common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate
in?pageants?that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved
from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them.
Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform
elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened
their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns
performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King. Louis XIV of France,
himself a de- voted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet
positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another
important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer
simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes
were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it
appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing.
The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European
countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th
century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new
energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went
on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of
dancers.
10 、 英译汉
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty,
has a cuisine all its own. Immigration to the island has helped to shape its cuisine,
with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However,
before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto
Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents fresh shellfish and fish fried in
corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has
been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and
Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking
styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new
dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep
to the island. Africans also added to the island’s food culture by introducing
powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now
famous for—coffee, coconuts, and oranges—was actually imported by foreigners to
the island.
