04.讲义L19-L40_英语专八真题c_专八版本1(优先学)_专八各类练习(赠送资料)_五步法吃透英语听力(最新版)_五步法吃透英语听力(最新版)_01.讲义

02 中阶 有 CHAPTER 道 考 LESSON 19 - 40 神 ， 盗 版 必 究五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 19 工作篇 危险的工作环境 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L1，9，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • 注意：中阶 L19 ~ L40 部分的热身测试单选题将采取问题后置式测试方法，即，问题会在文章播放 完毕后播放。 版 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the passage you have just heard. 必 1. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace. B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees. 究 C) Common complaints made by office workers. D) Conflicts between labor and management. 2. A) Replace its outdated equipment. B) Improve the welfare of affected workers. C) Follow government regulations strictly. D) Provide extra health compensation. 3. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department. B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies. C) They sought help from union representatives. D) They wanted to work shorter hours. — 112 —LESSON 19 危险的工作环境 4. A) To show how they love winter sports. B) To attract the attention from the media. C) To protest against the poor working conditions. D) To protect themselves against the cold weather. 习题第二组 听写填空 有 • 1. Sin道ce a union ______________________ visited our company to inform us about our rights and protections, my coworkers have been worrying about health conditions and complai考ning about safety _____________ in the workplace. 3. She ____________ that it’s ____________ workers to unnecessarily high _____________ radiation. 神 4. The supervisor of _________________ refused the request. ， 盗 A 査译：正文学习 + 版 逐句翻译 习题讲解 必 Since a union representative visited our company to in- Q1. What does the talk focus 究 form us about our rights and protections, (Q1) my cowork- on? ers have been worrying about health conditions and com- 答案 A) Health and safety con- plaining about safety hazards in the workplace. ditions in the workplace. 自从一位工会代表到访我们公司，告知我们权利和保护的相关信息，(Q1) 同事们就一直担心健康状况，抱怨工作场所的安全隐患。 本题使用视听一致原则，health conditions、safety、in the Several of the employees in the computer department, workplace 与原文视听一致。 for example, claim to be developing vision problems from having to stare at a video display terminal for about 7 hours a day. 例如，计算机部门的几名员工声称，由于每天约有七小时必须盯着视频 显示终端，视力开始出现问题。 — 113 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 The supervisor of the laboratory is beginning to get head- Q2. What did the X-ray tech- aches and dizzy spells because she says it’s dangerous to nician ask her company to do? breathe some of the chemical smoke there. (Q2) An X-rays 答案 A) Replace its outdated technician is refusing to do her job until the firm agrees to equipment. replace its outdated equipment. 实验室主管说由于吸入某些化学气体会带来危害，她现在已经开始头疼 本题使用视听一致原则，replace 和头晕。(Q2)一名 X 光技术员拒绝工作，除非公司同意更换陈旧的设备。 its outdated equipment 与原文 有 视听一致。 道 She insists that it’s exposing workers to unnecessarily high Q3. What does the speaker doses of radiation. She thinks that she may have to con- say about the two pregnant tact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration women working with paint? 考 and asked that government agency to inspect the depart- 答案 A) They requested to ment. transfer to a safer department. 神 她坚称，这使员工暴露在本可避免的大量辐射之中。她觉得自己可能需 要联系职业安全与健康管理局，并要求该政府机构对当事部门进行检查。 本题使用视听一致原则，re- quested to transfer to a safer ， I’ve heard that at a factory in the area (Q3) two pregnant department 与原文视听一致。 women who were working with paint requested a transfer to a safer department, because they wante盗d to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of person- nel refused the request. 版 我听说，该地区的一家工厂里，(Q3)两名孕妇油漆工为使腹中胎儿免受 伤害，请求调动工作去一个更安全的部门。人事主管拒绝了这一请求。 必 In another firm, (Q4) the workers were constantly com- Q4. Why did the workers in 究 plaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the the firm wear ski-clothing to owner was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. work? 在另一家公司，(Q4)员工不停申诉供暖系统故障，但老板太忙或太小气， 答案 C) To protest against the 对该问题置若罔闻。 poor working conditions. Finally, they all met and agreed to wear ski-clothing to 原文说员工不停申诉供暖系统故 work the next day. The owner was too embarrassed to talk 障，但老板置若罔闻。员工因此集 to his employees. But he had the heating system replaced 体穿着滑雪服去上班，老板很尴尬 并立即更换供暖系统。由此可知， right away. 穿滑雪服去上班是为了抗议恶劣的 最后，全体员工开会，一致同意第二天穿滑雪服去上班。老板尴尬到不 工作条件。 好意思和员工说话。但是他马上找人更换了供暖系统。 — 114 —LESSON 19 危险的工作环境 重点词语解析 • representative [ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv] n. 代表 hazard [ˈhæzərd] n. 隐患；危害 supervisor [ˈsuːpərvaɪzər] n. 主管 dizzy [ˈdɪzi] adj. 眩晕的 有 insist [ɪnˈsɪst] v. 坚称 expose [ɪkˈspoʊz] v. 使暴露于(险境等) dose [doʊs] n. (表示数量)一份；一点 道 transfer [ˈtrænsfɜːr] n. 调动 personnel [ˌpɜːsəˈnel] n. 人事部门 malfunctioni考ng [ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃnɪŋ] adj. 出现故障的 embarrassed [ɪmˈbærəst] adj. 尴尬的 神 读：语音学习及逐句，跟读 In another Þrm, L 19 the workers were constantly 盗complaining about 语音讲解 the malfunctioning heating system, • but the owner was too busy 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L19，听老师讲解。 or to版o mean to do anything about it. In another Þrm, 1 L 19 constantly 必 the workers were constantly complaining about alveolar ridge 「⽛牙槽嵴」⾳音群 the malfunctioning heating system, 究 but the owner was too busy nt or too mean to do anything about it. nd 例例: 1 center constantly /ˈsentər/ internet alveolar ridge /ˈɪntərnet/ nt/d cluster 「⽛牙槽嵴」⾳音群 nt 逐句跟读 nd • 例例: 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L19。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 center /ˈsentər/ internet /ˈɪntərnet/ nt/d cluster — 115 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L19，完成终极听力测试。 终测第道一组 听写填空 • I’ve heard that考 at a factory in the area ______________________________ who were working with paint ________________________________ to a safer department, because they wanted to prevent 神damage to _______________________________. The supervisor of _________________ refused the request. In another firm the workers were constant- ly complaining about the ________，______________ heating system, but the owner was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. Finally, they all met and agree to wear _____________________ to work the next day.盗 版 终测第二组 段落听写 • 必 究 — 116 —LESSON 19 危险的工作环境 有 道 考 神 参考答案 ， Day 1 盗 习题第一组 A A A C 版 习题第二组 1. representative; hazards 2. insists; exposing; doses of 3. personnel 必 Day 2 究 终测第一组 1. two pregnant women 2. requested a transfer 3. their unborn babies 4. personnel 5. malfunctioning 6. ski-clothing 终测第二组 I’ve heard that at a factory in the area two pregnant women who were working with paint requested a transfer to a safer department, because they wanted to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of personnel refused the request. In another firm, the workers were constantly complaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the owner was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. Finally, they all met and agreed to wear ski-clothing to work the next day. — 117 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 20 健康篇 大家都睡不够 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L2，0，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life. B) Reasons for Americans’ decline in sleep. C) Some tips to improve the quality of sleep. D) Diseases associated with lack of sleep. 必 2. A) They are more health-conscious. B) They are changing their living habits. 究 C) They get less and less sleep. D) They know the dangers of lack of sleep. 3. A) Their weight will go down. B) Their mind function will deteriorate. C) Their work efficiency will decrease. D) Their blood pressure will rise. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. The massive _______________ in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the _______________. — 118 —LESSON 20 大家都睡不够 2. New ______________ shows why getting enough sleep is a top ______________. 3. People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, ______________ , ______________ and other problems. 4. When people are sleep-______________, there are higher levels of stress hormones in 有their bodies, which can decrease ______________ function. 道 A 査译：正文学习 考 + 逐句翻译 神 习题讲解 ， The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and qui- Q1. What is the speaker main- etly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it because ly talking about? of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and 盗 答案 A) The importance of endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? sleep to a healthy life. 睡眠时间大幅缩减，这一过程漫长且悄无声息，以至于似乎没有人察觉 版 这种趋势。是因为网络、电子游戏和数不清的电视频道的吸引力越来越 原文说“新的证据表明为什么睡眠 大吗？还是因为持续关注工作？ 充足是头等大事”，结尾处又说“改 必善睡眠有助于抵御疾病”，由此可 No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are 知，本文强调睡眠对健康生活的重 putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in 要性，即 A 选项。 danger. 究 无论起因如何，数以百万计美国人正在危及自己的健康、生活质量甚至 寿命。 (Q1-1) New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40 percent of Americans get less than seven hours of shut-eye on weeknights. “The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease, is becom- ing clearer and clearer,” says Lawrence Epstein, a sleep expert at Harvard University. (Q1-1)新的证据表明了睡眠充足是头等大事的原因。大约40%的美国 人在工作日的夜间睡眠不足七小时。哈佛大学的睡眠专家劳伦斯·爱泼 斯坦说：“睡眠与健康、睡眠质量差与疾病之间的联系变得越来越清晰。” — 119 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 For example, (Q2) sleep duration has declined from some Q2. What do we learn from the eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years. At the talk about today's Americans? same time, high blood pressure has become an increas- 答案 C) They get less and less ing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at sleep. their lowest levels during sleep. (Q3) People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabe- 本题使用同义替换原则，其中 tes有, weight gain and other problems. less and less (越 来 越 少)与 例如，(Q2)睡眠时间从20世纪50年代的八小时左右减少到近些年的七 原文中的 declined from some 小时。与此同道时，高血压已成为日益严重的问题。在睡眠期间，血压和 eight hours to seven (从大约8 心率通常处于最低水平。(Q3)睡眠不足的人容易血压偏高，患心脏病、 小时减少到7小时)同义替换， 糖尿病，还有体重增加和其他问题。 get sleep (睡觉)与 sleep du- 考 ration (睡眠时间)同义替换。 (Q1-2) Sleeping better may help fight off illness. “When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of 神 stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease im- Q3. What does the speaker mune function,” says Dr. Felice of Northwestern University say will happen to people who in Chicago. ， lack sleep? (Q1-2)改善睡眠有助于抵御疾病。西北大学芝加哥校区的费利斯博士说： 答案 D) Their blood pressure “人在睡眠不足时，体内的压力激素水平会升高，会导致免疫功能下降。” 盗will rise. A University of Chicago study shows people who sleep 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 well live longer. So say good night sooner, and it may 版help 则，其中 blood pressure 与原文 you stay active and vital to a ripe old age. 视听一致；will rise (将会升高) 与 tend to have higher (容易偏 芝加哥大学的一项研究表明，睡眠好的人寿命更长。所以，早点说晚安， 必 高)同义替换。 或许能让你到暮年仍保持积极、活跃的状态。 究 同义替换小结 • Q2. less and less = declined from some eight hours to seven get sleep = sleep duration Q3. will rise = tend to have higher 重点词语解析 • decline [dɪˈklaɪn] n. 下降，减少 disconnect [ˌdɪskəˈnekt] v. (使)脱离 — 120 —LESSON 20 大家都睡不够 evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n. 证据 priority [praɪˈɔːrəti] n. 最重要的事 duration [duˈreɪʃn] n. 持续时间 diabetes [ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz] n. 糖尿病 deprived [dɪˈpraɪvd] adj. 匮乏的；被剥夺的 有 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 道 People who sleep less L 20 语音讲解 考 tend to have higher blood pressure, • heart attack, diabetes, 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L20，听老师讲解。 weight gain and other problems. 神 People who sleep less 1 L 20 higher diabetes glide tend to have higher blood pressure, ， heart attack, diabetes, /ˈhaɪ ə/ /ˌdaɪ əˈbiːtiːz/ weight gain and other problems. (y) (y) 弱 盗 1 /ˌdaɪ əˈbiːtiːz/ higher diabetes glide 例例: Shine bright like a diamond /ˈhaɪ ə/ /ˌdaɪ əˈbiːtiːz/ 版 /ˈdaɪmənd/ (y) (y) 弱 逐句跟读 /ˌdaɪ əˈbiːtiːz/ 必 • 例例: 打开有道精品课SAhinPeP b“rig五ht步 lik听e 力a d”iaLm2o0n。d按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 /ˈdaɪmənd/ 究 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L20，完成终极听力测试。 — 121 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 终测第一组 听写填空 • For example, sleep ______________ has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an ______________ problem. Blood pressure and ___________________ are typically at their 有_____________ levels during sleep. People who sleep less_____________ have higher blood pressure, heart attack,_____________, weight gain and other problems. 道 终测第二组 段落听写 考 • 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 122 —LESSON 20 大家都睡不够 拓展 拓 请按照听力词汇顺序，匹配准确的中文含义(每词播放三遍) 1 ___________ 2 ___________ 3 ___________ 4 ___________ 5 ____________ 6 ___________ 7 ___________ 8 ___________ 9 ___________ 10 ___________ 有 A. 心脏病 B. 糖尿病 C. 失眠 D. 高血压 E. 阿尔兹海默症 F. 肺结核 G. 肥胖 H. 骨折 I. 中风 J. 抑郁症 道 考 参考答案 神 Day 1 ， 习题第一组 A C D 习题第二组 1. decline; trend 2. evidence; priority 3. diabetes; weight gain 4. deprived; immune 盗 版 Day 2 终测第一组 必 1. duration 2. increasing 3. heart rate 4. lowest 5. tend to 6. diabetes 终测第二组 究 For example, sleep duration has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems. 拓 展 1. G. Obesity 肥胖 2. B. Diabetes 糖尿病 3. D. High blood pressure 高血压 4. F. tuberculosis (TB) 肺结核 5. A. heart disease 心脏病 6. H. fracture 骨折 7. I. stroke 中风 8. J. depression 抑郁症 9. E. Alzheimer’s disease 阿尔兹海默症（老年痴呆症） 10. C. insomnia 失眠 — 123 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 21 经济篇 超市墙上没有表 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L2，1，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 4 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) To give customers a wider range of choices. B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible. 必 C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can. D) To save space for more profitable products. 究 2. A) On the top shelves. B) On the bottom shelves. C) On easily accessible shelves. D) On clearly marked shelves. 3. A) Many of them buy things on impulse. B) A few of them are fathers with babies. C) A majority of them are young couples. D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists. 4. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods. B) Sales assistants following customers around. C) Customers competing for good bargains. D) Customers losing all sense of time. — 124 —LESSON 21 超市墙上没有表 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. A _____________ large supermarket offers around ___________________ items for sale and it wants to make sure that its customers see as many of them as possible. 2. That’s why you’ll only find _____________ goods like bread, vegetables and meat in 有completely different parts of the store. 3. Products with a high ___________________ are always placed on shelves within easy 道 reach of the customer, while ___________________ items like sugar or _______________ are on the top or bottom shelves. 考 神 A 査译：正文学习 + ， 逐句翻译 习题讲解 盗 A typical large supermarket offers around 17 000 to 20 000 Q1. Why are essential goods 版 items for sale and (Q1) it wants to make sure that its cus- displayed in totally different tomers see as many of them as possible. That's why you'll parts of the supermarket? only find essential goods like bread, vegetables and meat 必 答案 B) To make shoppers see in completely different parts of the store. as many items as possible. 通常，一家大型超市的在售商品有17000至20000件，而且(Q1)希望 究 确保顾客看到尽可能多的商品。这就是面包、蔬菜和肉类这些必需品在 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 店中分不同区域摆放的原因。 则，其中 see as many as pos- sible 与原文视听一致，shop- pers 与原文中的 customers 同 义替换。 (Q2) Products with a high profit margin are always placed Q2. Where are goods with on shelves within easy reach of the customer, while lower a high profit margin usually margin items like sugar or flour are on the top or bottom found? shelves. 答案 C) On easily accessible (Q2)利润高的产品总是放在顾客伸手可及的货架上，而利润较低的产品， shelves. 如糖或面粉，则放在货架顶层或底层。 — 125 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 本题使用同义替换原则，on easily accessible shelves与原 文中 shelves within easy reach of the customer 同义替换。 (Q3) Many people make shopping lists before they visit Q3. What does the speaker supermarkets. But even so, around 60% of all supermarket say about supermarket go- 有 purchases are the result of decisions that are made in the ers? store. For this reason, supermarkets try to attract their cus- 答案 A) Many of them buy tomers by placing certain kinds of products next to each 道 things on impulse. other. 很多人在去超市前会列出购物清单。但即便如此，在超市采购的商品有 本题使用同义替换原则，其中 考 约60%都是在店里当场决定的结果。鉴于此，超市试图通过把某些产品 many 与原文中的 around 60% 放在一起来吸引顾客。 同义替换，buy things on im- pulse (冲动购物)与 purchas- 神 es are the result of decisions In the UK, beer will often be found next to items for babies that are made in the store (购 because research shows that fathers of babies buy these 物决定是在店中做出的)同义替 items on their way home from work， and will buy beer at 换。 the same time. Research has also shown that this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently when no sales as- 盗 sistants are nearby. 在英国，婴儿用品常摆在啤酒旁边，因为研究表明，爸爸们下班途中购 版 买婴儿用品的同时也会买啤酒。研究还表明，导购员不在场时，这种冲 动购物更容易发生。 必 Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their Q4. What shouldn't be too customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, surprising according to the 究 (Q4) customers normally guess they've only spent half an speaker? hour in the supermarket even when they have been there 答案 D) Customers losing all for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn't be too surprising. sense of time. Any witty profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden. 本题使用同义替换原则，losing 超市把销售打造成如此精细的艺术，以至于顾客经常失去时间观念。(Q4) all sense of time (失去时间观 受访的顾客通常以为自己只在超市里待了半小时，尽管时间已经超过45 念)与原文中的 normally guess 分钟。但不足为奇，任何盈利的超市都很精明，知道应该把钟表藏好。 they've only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes (通常以为自己只在 超市里待了半小时，尽管时间已 经超过45分钟)同义替换。 — 126 —LESSON 21 超市墙上没有表 同义替换小结 • Q1. shoppers = customers Q2. on easily accessible shelves = shelves within easy reach of the customer Q3. many = around 60% buy things on impulse = purchases are the result of decisions that are made in the store 有 Q4. losing all sense of time = normally guess they've only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes 道 重点词语解析 • 考 range [reɪndʒ] n. 范围 a wider range of 更广泛的 神 accessible [əkˈsesəbl] adj. 易于接近的 bargain [ˈbɑːɡən] n. 便宜货 typical [ˈtɪpɪkl] a，dj. 平常的 essential [ɪˈsenʃl] adj. 必不可少的 impulse [ˈɪmpʌls] n. 冲动；心血来潮 盗 impulse buy 冲动购物 witty [ˈwɪti] adj. 精明的 版 必 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 究 That's why you'll only L 21 语音讲解 find essential goods like bread, • vegetables and meat 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L21，听老师讲解。 in completely different parts of the store. 1 That's why you'll only L 21 you’ll I’ll we’ll find essential goods like bread, 懒 懒 懒 vegetables and meat jəl ______ ______ in completely different parts of the store. 例例: 1 You, you love it how I move you you’ll I’ll we’ll You love it how I touch you, my one When all is said and done 懒 懒 懒 You'll believe God is a woman jəl ______ ______ jəl ’ll 例例: You, you love it how I move you You love it how I touch you, my one — 127 — When all is said and done You'll believe God is a woman jəl ’ll五步法吃透大学英语听力 逐句跟读 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L21。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 有 DAY 2 道 裸考听 + 听写：终极测试 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L21，完成终极听力测试。 神 终测第一组 听写填空 ， • Research has also shown that this kind of _盗_______________________ happens more fre- quently when no _____________________________ are nearby. Supermarkets have made selling such a ____________________ that their customers often ________________________ 版 of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess they’ve only spent _______________________ in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 必 45 minutes. But that shouldn’t be too surprising. Any _____________ profitable super- market knows that it should keep its clocks ______________________. 究 终测第二组 段落听写 • — 128 —LESSON 21 超市墙上没有表 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 B C A D 习题第二组 1. typical; 17000 to 20000 2. essential 3. profit mar必gin; lower margin; flour 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. impulse buy 2. sales assistants 3. fine art 4. lose all sense 5. half an hour 6. witty 7. well hidden 终测第二组 Research has also shown that this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently when no sales assistants are nearby. Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess they’ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn’t be too surprising. Any witty profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden. — 129 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 22 教育篇 电子书是未来 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L2，2，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 2 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) Fifteen schools have started social studies. B) Fifteen schools have used digital textbooks. 必 C) Digital textbooks are used for social studies. D) Students are ready to use electronic resources. 究 2. A) One million dollars. B) Two million dollars. C) Six million dollars. D) Eight million dollars. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Digital textbooks are _____________________ the way many students learn. 2. All the Fairfax County Public Schools have begun using _____________________ material for their middle and high school students. — 130 —LESSON 22 电子书是未来 3. This school year, the schools __________ from hard cover to ____________ text- books for social studies in its middle and high schools. 有 A 査译：正文学习 + 道 逐句翻译 习题讲解 考 Digital textbooks are transforming the way many students Q1. What is happening to the learn. All the Fairfax County (费尔法克斯县，位于美维吉尼 schools in Fairfax County this 神 亚州北部) Public Schools have begun using online course school year? material for their middle and high school students. 答案 C) Digital textbooks are ， 数字教材正在改变许多学生的学习方式。费尔法克斯县所有公立初、高 used for social studies. 中都已开始使用在线课件。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 盗 (Q1) This school year, the schools shifted from hard cover 则，其中 social studies 与原文 to electronic textbooks for social studies in its middle and 视听一致，digital textbooks 与 原文 electronic textbooks 同义 high schools. The switch came after digital books版 were 替换。 used in 15 schools last year. (Q1)本学年，学校摒弃精装纸书，转而在初、高中社会学科的教学中使 必 用电子教材。这种改变发生在去年15所学校使用了数字图书之后。 究 “Our students came to us technologically ready to use re- Q2. With digital textbooks, how sources from a variety of different places,” says Assistant much money have schools Superintendent Peter Noonan. “The world is changing con- saved? stantly. The online textbooks can change right along with 答案 B) Two million dollars. the events that are happening.” 副校长彼得·努南说：“我们的学生来到学校时，已经做好了使用各种 本题需根据听力内容做简单的减 资源的技术准备。”“世界在不断变化。在线教材可以与时俱进。” 法。文末提到之前买课本需花费大 约800万美元，现在只需600万 There's a significant financial benefit as well. “Usually it is 美元。因此，学校省了200万美元。 between $50 and $70 to buy a textbook for each student,” Noonan says, (Q2) “which adds up to roughly $8 million for all of our students. We actually have purchased all of the online textbooks for our students for just under $6 million.” — 131 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 使用在线教材也带来了极大的经济利益。“通常，给每位学生购买一本 教材的费用在50至70美元之间，”努南说，(Q2)“所有学生的教材加 起来大约要800万美元。实际上，我们以不到600万美元的价格为学生 购买了所有在线教材。” 同义替换小结 有 • Q1. digital textbooks = electronic textbooks 道 重点词语解析 • 考 transform [trænsˈfɔːrm] v. (使)改变 shift [ʃɪft] v. 改变 神 electronic [ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪk] adj. 电子的 roughly [ˈrʌfli] adv. 大约 purchase [ˈpɜːrtʃəs] v. 购买 ， 盗 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 “which adds up to roughly $8 million L 22 版 for all of our students. We actually have purchased 语音讲解 all of the online必 textbooks • for our students 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L22，听老师讲解。 for just under $6 million.” 究 1 “which adds up to roughly $8 million L 22 for all of our students. our our /ˈaʊə/ 例例: We actually have purchased reduced all of our all of the online textbooks /ɑː/ for our students for our students Our topic today… for just under $6 million.” 1 逐o句ur跟读 our /ˈaʊə/ 例例: • reduced all of our 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L22。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 /ɑː/ for our students Our topic today… — 132 —LESSON 22 电子书是未来 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L22，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • “The world i考s changing _______________. The online textbooks can change right along with the ______________ that are happening.” There’s a significant _______________________神____ as well. “Usually it is between $50 and $70 to buy a text- book for each student,” Noonan says, “which adds up to _____________ $8 million for all of our students. We actually have， __________________ all of the online textbooks for our students for just under _____________________.” 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 版 • 专有名词提示 Noonan 必 究 — 133 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 C B 习题第二组 1. transforming 2. online course 3. shifted; electronic必 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. constantly 2. events 3. financial benefit 4. roughly 5. purchased 6. 6 million dollars/$6 million 终测第二组 “The world is changing constantly. The online textbooks can change right along with the events that are happening.” There’s a significant financial benefit as well. “Usually it is between $50 and $70 to buy a textbook for each student,” Noonan says, “which adds up to roughly $8 million for all of our students. We actually have purchased all of the online textbooks for our students for just under $6 million.” — 134 —LESSON 23 老话有理 LESSON 23 文化篇 老话有理 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，23，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They help us see the important values of a culture. B) They guide us in handling human relationships. 必 C) They help us express ourselves more effectively. D) They are an infinite source of human knowledge. 究 2. A) Their wordings may become different. B) The values they reflect may change. C) Their origins can no longer be traced. D) They may be misinterpreted. 3. A) Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures. B) Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance. C) Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones. D) Certain values have always been central to a culture. — 135 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk ________________. 2. They are little lessons which older people of a culture ______________________ the younger people to teach them about life. 有 3. Many proverbs ___________________ people ___________ the values that are important in the culture. Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. 道 考 A 査译：正文学习 + 神 逐句翻译 习题讲解 ， Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk Q1. Why are proverbs so im- 盗 wisdom. They are little lessons which older people of a portant? culture pass down to the younger people to teach them 答案 A) They help us see the about life. 版 important values of a culture. 谚语，有时又称老话儿，体现了民间智慧。它们是成长于一种文化中的 长者教给年轻人的人生小智慧。 本题使用视听一致原则，the im- 必 portant values of a culture 与 (Q1) Many proverbs remind people of the values that are 原文中 the values that are im- important in the culture. Values teach people how to act, portant in 究the culture 视听一致。 what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. (Q1)很多谚语提醒着人们重要的文化价值观。价值观使人知行止、明是非。 由于每种文化的价值观不同，理解其他文化的价值观有助于解释人们的 思维和行为方式。 Understanding your own cultural values is important too. Q2. According to the speaker, If you can accept that people from other cultures act ac- what happens to some prov- cording to their values, not yours, getting along with them erbs with the passage of time? will be much easier. (Q2) Many proverbs are very old. So 答案 B) The values they reflect some of the values they teach may not be as important in — 136 —LESSON 23 老话有理 the culture as they once were. may change. 理解你自己的文化价值观也很重要。如果你能接受不同文化人士依其自 本题使用同义替换原则，may 有价值观行事，而非遵从你的价值观，那么你与他们相处会非常容易。(Q2) change (可能会改变)与原文 很多谚语都非常古老，所以其中包含的一些价值观在其文化中可能不如 中 may not be as important 从前那样重要。 as they once were (可能不会 像以前那样重要)同义替换。 For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to有 the proverb “Haste makes waste”, because patience is not important to them. But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present. And many of the old- 道 er values are still strong today. 例如：当今的美国人并不重视“欲速则不达”这句谚语，因为耐心对他 考 们来说并不重要。但如果你熟悉过去的价值观，这会有助于你理解现在。 而且很多从前的价值观如今仍然很受重视。 神 Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer Q3. What do we learn from the and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb “Time is money” study of proverbs from around ， is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever the world? before. (Q3) A study of proverbs from around the world 答案 A) Certain values are shows that some values are shared by ma盗ny cultures. In shared by a large number of many cases though, the same idea is expressed different- cultures. ly. 版 本杰明·富兰克林是美国著名的外交家、作家和科学家，逝于1790年， 本题使用同义替换原则，certain 但他的谚语“时间就是金钱”在当代美国人中却受到了前所未有的重视。 values (某些价值观)与 some (Q3)一项对世界各地谚语的研究表明，一些价值观是许多文化共有的。 必values (一些价值观)同义替换， 然而，在许多情况下，相同的思想有不同的表达方式。 a large number of cultures 与 many cultures 同义替换。 究 同义替换小结 • Q2. may change = the values that are important in the culture Q3. certain values = some values a large number of cultures = many cultures 重点词语解析 • trace [treɪs] v. 找到；追溯 misinterpret [ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprət] v. 误解；误导 — 137 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 assume [əˈsuːm] v. 显露(特征) proverb [ˈprɑːvɜːrb] n. 谚语 get along (with) 与……和睦相处 haste [heɪst] n. 匆忙，仓促 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 语音讲解 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L23，听老师讲解。 Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture. 1 that are im /ðætər/ 元 t 元 — 138 — → Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture. 1 L 23 that are im /ðætər/ 元 t 元 2 3 important in the /ɪmˈpɔːrtnt/ “ ɪnə ” stop t + 嗯 “d” ðæ də rɪm ˈpɔːr ən ɪnə 👃👃 ßap T →“d” → 有 道 L 23 考 神 2 3 important in the /ɪmˈpɔːrtnt/ “ ɪnə ” stop t + 嗯 ， “d” ðæ də rɪm ˈpɔːr ən ɪnə 👃👃 ß盗ap T →“d” 逐句跟读 版 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L23。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 必 究LESSON 23 老话有理 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L23，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • Values teach p考eople ____________________, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each culture are different, __________________ the values of another cul- ture helps _____________神 how people think and act. _________________ your own cultural values is important too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, _______，_________________ them will be much easier. 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 • 版 必 究 — 139 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 A B A 习题第二组 1. wisdom 2. pass down to 3. remind; of 必 Day 2 究 终测第一组 1. how to act 2. understanding 3. explain 4. Understanding 5. getting along with 终测第二组 Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each cul- ture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. Understanding your own cultural values is important too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier. — 140 —LESSON 24 申请大学最怕什么 LESSON 24 教育篇 申请大学最怕什么 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，24，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) How much you can afford to pay. B) What course you are going to choose. 必 C) Which university you are going to apply to. D) When you are going to submit your application. 究 2. A) The list of courses studied. B) The full record of scores. C) The references from teachers. D) The personal statement. 3. A) Specify what they would like to do after graduation. B) Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject. D) Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when _________________ a place at — 141 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 university, but in the same breath will ____________ you that it is the most important decision of your life. 2. Do you have the right __________________ of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry __________________? 有3. But it is best to _____________ your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in. 道 考 A 査译：正文学习 + 神 逐句翻译 习题讲解 ， Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when apply- Q1. What is the first decision 盗 ing for a place at university, but in the same breath will re- you should make in preparing mind you that it is the most important decision of your life. to apply for a place at univer- sity? 版 申请大学专业时，父母和老师会告诉你不要担心，但同时又提醒你这是 人生中最重要的决定。 答案 B) What course you are going to choose. 必 (Q1) The first decision is your choice of course. It will de- pend on what you want to get out of university, what you 本题使用同义替换原则，what are good at and what you enjoy. course 究you are going to choose 与原文中的 your choice (Q1)首先要决定的是选课。这取决于你想从大学中得到什么，你擅长什么， of course 同义替换。 喜欢什么。 The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry require- ments? 接下来要决定申请哪所学校。目标要高，但要符合实际。你的科目组合 是否合理？你的预期成绩是否有望达到入学要求？ The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your — 142 —LESSON 24 申请大学最怕什么 application early because universities begin work as soon Q2. What is the most impor- as forms start rolling in. tant part of the application? 截止日期是1月15日。但是最好尽早提交申请，因为大学自接到大量申 答案 D) The personal state- 请表起就马上开始工作了。 ment. (Q2) The most important part of the application is the 本题使用视听一致原则，per- much-feared personal statement. This is your chance to sonal statement 与原文视听 有 convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy 一致。 of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective gener- alities and make sure you give concrete examples. 道 (Q2)申请中最重要的部分是让人恐惧不已的个人陈述。这是你对所选科 目表现出无限热情的机会。因此，最重要的是言简意赅。省去枯燥无用 考 的泛泛而谈，并切记要提供具体实例。 神 Admissions officers read every personal statement that Q3. What must applicants do arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen in their personal statements? the subject because you enjoy it. Y，ou have to get across 答案 C) Indicate they have re- what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. (Q3) flected and thought about the They will look for evidence that you have reflected and subject. thought about the subject. 盗 招生人员会阅读收到的每一份个人陈述。如果你说选择某个科目是出于 本题使用视听一致原则，have 喜欢，这是没有说服力的。你务必要讲清楚，该领域中是什么内版容启发 reflected and thought about 了你。(Q3)他们会求证你对该科目的选择是否经过深思熟虑。 the subject 与原文视听一致。 必 Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor. 究 申请者应诚实。如果你连上二楼面试都气喘吁吁还说自己善于长跑，就 完全没意义。 同义替换小结 • Q1. what course you are going to choose = your choice of course 重点词语解析 • apply [əˈplaɪ] v. 申请 apply for 申请 — 143 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 remind [rɪˈmaɪnd] v. 提醒，使想起 combination [ˌkɑːmbɪˈneɪʃn] n. 组合；结合 requirement [rɪˈkwaɪərmənt] n. 必要条件 submit [səbˈmɪt] v. 提交 convey [kənˈveɪ] v. 表达 omit [əˈmɪt] v. 删除，省略 有 admissions [ədˈmɪʃnz] n. 招生 convincing [kənˈvɪnsɪŋ] adj. 有说服力的 inspire [ɪnˈspaɪər] v. 激励；启发思考 道 marathon [ˈmærəθɑːn] n. 马拉松赛跑；(泛指)长跑 考 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 神 语音讲解 ， • The most important part of the application L 24 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L24，听老师讲解。 盗is the much-feared personal statement. 注: 宽度+了了⼀一点 The most important part of the application 1 L 24 is the much-feared personal statement. p注ar : t 宽 of度 th + e了了 a⼀一pp点lication glide 版 ðiː ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn 1 (y) part of the application glide 必 ðiː ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn 逐句跟读 (y) • 究 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L24。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 — 144 —LESSON 24 申请大学最怕什么 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L24，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • ______________考_________________ read every personal statement that arrives. It is not ___________________ if you say you have chosen the __________________ because you enjoy it. You have to get神 across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They will look for ___________________ that you have _________________ and thought about the __________________. ， 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 • 版 必 究 — 145 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 参考答案 版 Day 1 必 习题第一组 B D C 习题第二组 1. applying for; remind 2. combination; requirements 3. submit 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. Admissions officers 2. convincing 3. subject 4. evidence 5. reflected 6. subject 终测第二组 Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject. — 146 —LESSON 25 合作者，求带型，懒猪，独行侠 LESSON 25 工作篇 合作者，求带型，懒猪， 独行侠 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，25，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They give top priority to their work efficiency. B) They make an effort to lighten their workload. 必 C) They never change work habits unless forced to. D) They try hard to make the best use of their time. 究 2. A) Self-confidence. B) Sense of duty. C) Work efficiency. D) Passion for work. 3. A) They are addicted to playing online games. B) They try to avoid work whenever possible. C) They find no pleasure in the work they do. D) They simply have no sense of responsibility. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Some people are _______________________ who like to work in groups. — 147 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 2. A second category I have noticed is the ______________________. 3. Another type of worker I have noticed is the _____________. 4. The final type of worker is the ___________. 有 道 A 査译：正文学习 + 考 逐句翻译 习题讲解 神 At school and at work, I have noticed that people have Q1. What do collaborators and different kinds of work habits. Some people are collabora- loners have in common? ， tors who like to work in groups. They find that doing a proj- 答案 C) They never change ect with someone else makes the job more pleasant and work habits unless forced to. the load lighter. (Q1-1) Collaborators neve盗r work alone unless they are forced to. 本题使用视听一致原则，forced 在学校及工作中，我注意到人们有不同的工作习惯。有些人是喜欢团队 to 与原文视听一致。 版 协作的合作者。他们认为和别人一起做项目会让工作更愉快，且减轻负担。 (Q1-1)除非迫不得已，合作者从不单独工作。 必 A second category I have noticed is the advice seeker. Q2. In what aspect does an (Q2) An advice seeker does the bulk of her work alone but advice se究eker differ greatly frequently looks to others for advice. When this worker has from a loner? reached the crucial point in her project, she may show it 答案 A) Self-confidence. to a classmate or a co-worker just to get another opinion. Getting the advice of others makes this worker feel secure 原文提到 advise seeker 经常向 about her project as it takes shape. 他人寻求帮助，由此看出他们不如 我注意到的第二种类型是寻求建议者。(Q2)当这类工作者的项目到了关 独行侠自信。 键时刻，她可能会向同学或同事展示，仅仅是为了得到新的意见。听取 别人的建议会让她在项目成形过程中感到安心。 Another type of worker I have noticed is the slacker. (Q3) Q3. What do we learn about A slacker tries to avoid work whenever possible. If he slackers? seems to be busy at the computer, he is probably playing — 148 —LESSON 25 合作者，求带型，懒猪，独行侠 a game online and if he is writing busily, he is probably 答案 B) They try to avoid work making his grocery list. Slackers will do anything except whenever possible. the work they are paid to do. 本题使用视听一致原则，try to 我注意到的另一种工作类型是偷懒者。(Q3)偷懒者只要有机会就逃避工 avoid work whenever possi- 作。如果他正在电脑前运指如飞，很可能是在玩网络游戏，如果他正奋 ble 与原文视听一致。 笔疾书，很可能是在列自己的购物清单。除了领工资应该付出的劳动， 偷懒者什么都愿做。 有 The final type of worker is the loner. This type of worker prefers working alone. This type of worker has confidence 道 in his ability and he is likely to feel that collaboration is a waste of time. (Q1-2) Loners work with others only when they are forced to考. 最后一种类型的工作者是独行侠。这类人喜欢独自工作。他们对自己的 能力有信心，可能会觉得合作是浪费时间。(Q1-2)独行侠只有在不得已 神 的情况下才会与他人合作。 Collaborators, advice seekers, sla，ckers and loners have different work styles, but each knows the work habits that help him or her to get the job done. 盗 合作者、寻求建议者、偷懒者和独行侠有不同的工作方式，但各自都知 道哪些工作习惯有利于自己完成工作。 版 必 重点词语解析 • collaborator [kəˈlæbəreɪtər] n. 合作者 究 load [loʊd] n. 工作量；负荷 bulk [bʌlk] n. 主体；大部分 the bulk of 大部分 take shape 成形 slacker [ˈslækər] n. 偷懒的人 grocery [ˈɡroʊsəri] n. 食品杂货店 — 149 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 An advice seeker L 25 语音讲解 does the bulk of her work alone • but frequently 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L25，听老师讲解。 looks to others for advice. 有 An advice seeker 1 L 25 An advice does the bulk of her work alone stop d but fre道quently for advice looks to others for advice. 例例: 1 You can give me one 考 An advice piece of advice. stop d sə veɪ for advice 神 例例: 逐句跟读 You can give me one • piece of advice. ， 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L25。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 sə veɪ 盗 版 DAY 2 必 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 究 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L25，完成终极听力测试。 终测第一组 听写填空 • 请将不同的描述与工作类型相匹配 A. collaborators B. advice seekers C. slackers D. loners 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ — 150 —LESSON 25 合作者，求带型，懒猪，独行侠 终测第二组 段落听写 • 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 151 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 C A B 有 习题第二组 1. collaborators 2. advice seeker 3. slacker 4. loner 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. D. (They don’t think collaboration is necessary.) 2. C. (They try to lighten their神 workload.) 3. B. (They feel secure if someone can help their work.) 4. D. (They hold strong confidence in their working abilities.) ， 5. A. (They feel pleased to work with colleagues together.) 6. C. (They are always seemingly busy with something.) 盗 终测第二组 The final type of worker is the loner. This type of worker prefers working alone. This type of worker 版 has confidence in his ability and he is likely to feel that collaboration is a waste of time. Loners work with others only when they are forced to. Collaborators, advice seekers, slackers and loners have different work styles, but each knows the work habits that help him or h必er to get the job done. 究 — 152 —LESSON 26 今年过节不收礼，收礼就收…… LESSON 26 文化篇 今年过节不收礼，收礼 就收…… 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，26，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They are very generous in giving gifts. B) They refuse gifts when doing business. 必 C) They regard gifts as a token of friendship. D) They give gifts only on special occasions. 究 2. A) They enjoy giving gifts to other people. B) They spend a lot of time choosing gifts. C) They have to follow many specific rules. D) They pay attention to the quality of gifts. 3. A) Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships. B) We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts. C) We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad. D) Reading extensively can make one a better gift-giver. — 153 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. If you are invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring _______________________, or a small item from your country. 2. Among friends, family and business _________________, we generally don’t give gifts 有on other ________________ except on someone’s birthday and Christmas. 3. The Japanese, on the other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone 道 for their _________________. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ______________. 考 神 A 査译：正文学习 + ， 逐句翻译 习题讲解 盗 The topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes to Q1. What does the speaker receive gifts, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a say about gift-giving of North universal custom, but actually the rules of gift-giving 版 vary Americans? quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great em- 答案 D) They give gifts only on barrassment. 必special occasions. 今天我演讲的主题是送礼。大家都喜欢收礼物，对吗？你可能觉得送礼 是普遍的习俗，但实际上送礼的规矩大相径庭。不了解这些讲究可能会 本题使用同义替换原则，give 究 非常尴尬。 gifts only on special occasions (只在特殊场合赠送礼物)与原文 In North America the rules are fairly simple. If you are in- don't give gifts on other occa- sions (不在其他场合赠送礼物) vited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers, 同义替换。 or a small item from your country. Among friends, family and business associates, (Q1) we generally don’t give gifts on other occasions except on someone’s birthday and Christmas. 在北美，送礼的规矩很简单。如果有人请你到家里用餐，你可以带上葡 萄酒、鲜花，或者你从自己国家带来的小物件。朋友、家人、同事之间， (Q1)除了生日和圣诞节，其他时候我们通常不送礼。 — 154 —LESSON 26 今年过节不收礼，收礼就收…… The Japanese, on the other hand, give gifts quite frequent- Q2. What do we learn about ly, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition the Japanese concerning of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. (Q2) There are many gift-giving? detailed rules for everything, from the color of the wrap- 答案 C) They have to follow ping paper to the time of the gift presentation. many specific rules. 日本人则不同，他们经常送礼，通常是为了感谢他人的善意。日本有着 非常久远的送礼传统。(Q2)从包装纸的颜色到展示礼物的时间，每件事 本题使用同义替换原则，specific 有 都有很多细致的讲究。 rules (具体的规则)和 detailed rules (细致的规则)同义替换。 And while Europeans don’t generally exchange business 道 gifts, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, 考can carry special meaning. 虽然欧洲人在商务场合并不互送礼物，但他们在拜访家庭时确实会遵循 一些正式的习俗，比如送花。而花的品种和颜色可以表达各种特定含义。 神 Today, we have seen some broad， differences in gift-giv- Q3. What point does the ing. I could go on with additional examples, but let’s not speaker make at the end of miss the main point here. (Q3) If we are not aware of and the talk? sensitive to cultural differences, the possib盗ilities for mis- 答案 B) We must be aware of communication and conflict are enormous. cultural differences in giving 现在，我们已知送礼方面存在各种差异，我接下来可以讲些其他版例子， gifts. 但我们不要舍本逐末。(Q3)如果我们不了解或未谨慎对待文化差异，那 么极有可能会沟通不畅，引起冲突。 本题使用视听一致原则，aware 必of cultural differences 与原文中 Whether we learn about these differences by reading a aware of and sensitive to cul- tural differences 视听一致。 book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect dif- 究 ferences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors. 不论是通过读书还是侨居来了解这些差异，我们的目标一定是尊重人与 人之间的不同，以便与全球各国人民和睦相处。 同义替换小结 • Q1. give gifts only on special occasions = don’t give gifts on other occasions Q2. specific rules = detailed rules — 155 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 重点词语解析 • generous [ˈdʒenərəs] adj. 慷慨的，大方的 token [ˈtoʊkən] n. 象征，标志 a token of ... ……的象征 item [ˈaɪtəm] n. 物品，东西 associate [əˈsoʊʃiət] n. 同事；伙伴 有 ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] adj. 古老的，年代久远的 custom [ˈkʌstəm] n. 风俗；习俗 sensit道ive [ˈsensətɪv] adj. 须谨慎对待的；敏感的 conflict [ˈkɑːnflɪkt] n. 冲突；争执 考 神 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 I could go on with additional examples, L 26 but let’s not miss the main point here. ， If we are not aware of 语音讲解 and sensitive to cultural differences, • the possibilities for miscommunication 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L26，听老师盗讲解。 and conßict are enormous. I could go on with additional examples, 1 L 26 could → 情态动词 → 不不重要 → 弱化 reduced 版 but let’s not miss the main point here. /kʊd/ /kəd/ If we are not aware of 2 go → 读完这个词，嘴唇是圆形的 😚😚 →w and sensitive to cultural differences, → go (w) on → go wɑːn glide 必 the possibilities for miscommunication 3 point here and conßict are enormous. h 是送⽓气⾳音 +t 本身也送⽓气 →读 t 的同时 h 也读完了了→poin tere 究 1 could → 情态动词 → 不不重要 → 弱化 reduced 逐句/kʊ跟d/ 读 /kəd/ 2 go → 读完这个词，嘴唇是圆形的 😚😚 →w • 打开有 → 道 精go 品(w)课 onA → PgPo “wɑ五ːn步听力”L26 g 。 lid 按 e 自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 3 point here h 是送⽓气⾳音 +t 本身也送⽓气 →读 t 的同时 h 也读完了了→poin tere — 156 —LESSON 26 今年过节不收礼，收礼就收…… DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L26，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • And while Eur考opeans don’t generally _________________ business gifts, they do fol- low some _____________________ when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowe神rs, however, can carry special meaning. Today, we have seen some _________________ differences in gift-giving. I could go on with _______________ l examples, but let’s not miss th，e _______________ here. If we are not aware of and __________________ cultural differences, the possibilities for ____________________ and conflict are _____________. Whether we lea盗rn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to ______________ differences among people in or- der to get along successfully with our global neighbors. 版 必 终测第二组 段落听写 • 究 — 157 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 参考答案 ， Day 1 盗 习题第一组 D C B 版 习题第二组 1. wine or flowers 2. associates; occasions 3. kindness; ancient 必 Day 2 究 终测第一组 1. exchange 2. formal customs 3. broad 4. additional 5. main point 6. sensitive to 7. miscommunication 8. enormous 9. respect 终测第二组 And while Europeans don’t generally exchange business gifts, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning. Today, we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with ad- ditional examples, but let’s not miss the main point here. If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors. — 158 —LESSON 27 头疼怎么办？ LESSON 27 健康篇 头疼怎么办？ 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，27，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) It shows you have been ignoring your health. B) It can seriously affect your thinking process. 必 C) It is an early warning of some illness. D) It is a symptom of too much pressure. 究 2. A) Reduce our workload. B) Control our temper. C) Use painkillers for relief. D) Avoid masking symptoms. 3. A) Lying down and having some sleep. B) Rubbing and pressing one’s back. C) Going out for a walk. D) Listening to light music. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Almost everyone suffers from a headache _____________________. 2. But some people suffer from __________________, __________________ headaches. — 159 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 3. A headache is important because it can be the first ____________________ of a serious condition that could probably be _________________ if discovered early. 4. The professional name for covering up a _________________ is “masking.” 有 道 A 査译：正文学习 + 考 逐句翻译 习题讲解 神 Almost everyone suffers from a headache occasionally. Q1. Why does the speaker say But some people suffer from repeated, frequent head- “a headache is important”? ， aches. (Q1) A headache is important because it can be 答案 C) It is an early warning of the first warning of a serious condition that could probably some illness. be controlled if discovered early. 盗 几乎每个人都会偶尔头痛。但有些人会反复、频繁地头痛。(Q1)头痛不 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 可小觑，因为它可能是某种严重疾病的先兆，如及早发现则很可能得到 则，其中 warning 和 early 与原 版 控制。 文视听一致；some illnesses (一 些疾病)与 a serious condition (严重疾病)同义替换。 必 If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a Q2. What does the specialist 究 painkiller, he or she may pass the point of easy control. suggest we do with head- The professional name for covering up a symptom is aches? “masking.” (Q2) A headache specialist once said, “Mask- 答案 D) Avoid masking symp- ing symptoms is not the best way of treatment. Sometimes toms. it is wiser to stand still than to advance in darkness.” 如果有人用止痛药日复一日地消除这种先兆，就可能会错过病情易控的 本题使用视听一致原则，mask- 时期。这种治标不治本的方式有个专业说法叫“掩盖”。(Q2)一位头痛 ing symptoms 与原文视听一致。 专家曾经说过：“掩盖症状不是最好的治疗方式。有时静止不动比摸黑 前进更明智。” A headache often interferes needlessly with normal, happy living. The employee with a headache does less work. In a flash of temper, he or she may upset fellow — 160 —LESSON 27 头疼怎么办？ workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to the organization. The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family. She upsets her husband and children. 头痛经常妨碍正常、快乐的生活。患头痛的员工会减少工作量。他们的 突然暴躁可能会得罪同事或顾客，直接或间接导致了组织的损失。母亲 受头痛折磨会影响家人，会让丈夫和孩子们心烦意乱。 有 (Q3) Rest, quiet and fresh air stop many common head- Q3. What does the speaker aches. Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help. say helps relieve the symp- 道 One can often handle tension headaches by rubbing and toms of common headaches? pressing neck muscles. Heat from an electric pad or a 答案 A) Lying down and having warm bath can also help. 考 some sleep. (Q3)休息、平静和新鲜空气能止住多种常见头痛。躺下并尽量入睡可能 会有所帮助。通常，按摩颈部肌肉可以缓解紧张性头痛。电热垫或温水 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 神 浴也有帮助。 则，其中 lying down 与原文视 听一致；having some sleep 与 falling asleep 同义替换。 Because hunger may be overlo，oked as a headache source, one must make a habit of regular meals. If a meal must be postponed for more than an hour, a snack helps 盗 to avoid a hunger headache. 由于饥饿也可导致头痛这一事实常被忽略，我们必须养成规律饮食的习 惯。如果一顿饭必须推迟一小时以上，先吃点零食有助于避免饥版饿引起 的头痛。 必 同义替换小结 究 • Q1. some illness = a serious condition Q3. having some sleep = falling asleep 重点词语解析 • symptom [ˈsɪmptəm] n. 症状；征兆 painkiller [ˈpeɪnkɪlə(r)] n. 止疼药 relief [rɪˈliːf] n. (痛苦等)减轻，消除 rub [rʌb] v. 揉，擦，搓 — 161 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 A headache is important L 27 because it can be the Þrst warning 语音讲解 of a serious condition • that could probably be controlled 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L27，听老师讲解。 if discovered early. 有 1 A headache is important L 27 important 👃👃 because it can be the Þrst warning /ɪmˈpɔːrtnt/ of a se道rious condition that could probably be controlled stop t +嗯 if discovered early. 例例: 考 Lester! This is important! 👃👃 1 important 👃👃 /ɪmˈpɔːrtnt/ 神 逐句跟读 stop t +嗯 • 例例: 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L2，7。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 Lester! This is important! 👃👃 盗 版 DAY 2 必 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 究 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L27，完成终极听力测试。 终测第一组 听录音，判断正误 (TRUE/FALSE) • 1. A headache can indicate the incidence of certain kinds of diseases. 2. The employee with a headache may cause a direct loss to the company. 3. Hunger is a possible cause for headaches. — 162 —LESSON 27 头疼怎么办？ 终测第二组 段落听写 • 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 163 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 C D A 有 习题第二组 1. occasionally 2. repeated; frequent 3. warning; controlled 4. symptom 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. TURE 2. TRUE 3. TRUE 神 终测第二组 One can often handle tension headaches by rubbing and pressing neck muscles. Heat from an elec- ， tric pad or a warm bath can also help. Because hunger may be overlooked as a headache source, one must make a habit of regular meals. 盗 版 必 究 — 164 —LESSON 28 减灾的意义 LESSON 28 环境篇 减灾的意义 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，28，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) To predict natural disasters that can cause vast destruction. B) To limit the destruction that natural disasters may cause必. C) To gain financial support from the United Nations. D) To propose measures to hold back natural disasters. 究 2. A) There is still a long way to go before man can control natural disasters. B) International cooperation can minimize the destructive force of natural disasters. C) Technology can help reduce the damage natural disasters may cause. D) Scientists can successfully predict earthquakes. 3. A) There were fatal mistakes in its design. B) The builder didn't observe the building codes of the time. C) The traffic load went beyond its capacity. D) It was built according to less strict earthquake-resistance standards. — 165 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. The Decade for Natural Disaster ___________________ is a program designed to _______________________________ of natural disasters throughout the world. 2. For instance, information about how to plan for and cope with ___________________, 有___________________ and other natural disasters. 3. One of the most important things the program plans to do is to _____________________ 道 what we can do to protect ourselves. 4. The comparatively __________________ of the northern California earthquake in 1989 考 are __________________ that we do have the technology to prevent vast destruction. 5. Individuals and governments have to be ___________________. 神 ， A 査译：正文学习 盗 + 逐句翻译 版习题讲解 必 (Q1) The Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction is a pro- Q1. What is the purpose of gram designed to reduce the impact of natural disasters the program mentioned in this throughout the world. passage? 究 (Q1) (国际)减轻自然灾害十年计划旨在减轻世界各地自然灾害的影响。 答案 B) To limit the destruction that natural disasters may With support from the United Nations, countries will be en- cause. couraged to share information about disaster reduction. For instance, information about how to plan for and cope 本题使用同义替换+视听一致原 则，其中 limit (限制)与原文中的 with hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural disasters. reduce (减少)同义替换，the 联合国的支持将鼓励各国分享减灾信息，例如，关于如何预防和应对飓风、 destruction … may cause (…… 地震和其他自然灾害的信息。 可能造成的破坏)与 the impact of (……造成的影响)同义替换； One of the most important things the program plans to do the natural disasters 与原文视 is to remind us of what we can do to protect ourselves. For 听一致。 example, we can pack a suitcase with flashlights, a radio, — 166 —LESSON 28 减灾的意义 food, drinking water and some tools. This safety kit may help us survive a disaster until help arrives. 该计划的重点之一是提醒我们一些力所能及的自我保护措施。例如，我 们可以在手提箱内装入几支手电筒、一台收音机、食物、饮用水和一些 工具。这套安全装备或许能帮助我们在灾难中坚持到救援到来。 B有esides, the program will encourage governments to es- Q2. What can we learn from tablish building standards, emergency response plans, the northern California earth- and training programs, these measures can help to limit quake in 1989? 道 the destruction by natural disasters. 答案 C) Technology can help 此外，该计划将鼓励政府设立建筑标准、应急响应计划和培训计划。这 reduce the damage natural 考 些措施有助于减轻自然灾害的破坏。 disasters may cause. (Q2) The comparatively mild effects of the northern Cali- 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 神 则，其中 technology 与原文视 fornia earthquake in 1989 are good evidence that we do 听 一 致；reduce the damage have the technology to prevent vast destruction. (减少损害)与原文中的 prevent ， (Q2) 1989年北加州地震造成的影响相对轻微，这充分证明我们确实拥 vast destruction (防止巨大的破 有防止大规模破坏的技术。 坏)同义替换。 盗 The recent disasters, on the other hand, prove that people Q3. Why did the highway in will suffer if we don’t use that technology. When a hig版hway northern California collapse? collapsed in northern California, people were killed in their 答案 D) It was built according cars. (Q3) The highway was not built according to today’s strict standards to resist earthquakes. 必to less strict earthquake-re- sistance standards. 另一方面，最近的灾难证明，如果我们不采用先进技术，人们就会受苦 受难。北加州的一条高速公路发生坍塌时，车里的人不幸身亡。(Q3)这 本题使用究同义替换原则，其中 条高速公路不是按照如今严格的抗震标准建造的。 built according to less strict standards (是按照不太严格的标 Individuals and governments have to be far-sighted. We 准建造的)与原文 not built ac- cording to strict standards (不 should take extra time and spend extra money to build di- 是按照严格的标准建造的)同义替 saster safety into our lives. Although such a program can’t 换，earthquake-resistance (抗 hold back the winds or stop earthquakes, it can save peo- 震性)与 resist earthquakes (抗 ple’s lives and homes. 震)同义替换。 个人和政府一定要有远见。我们应该投入更多的时间和资金，让生活中 的灾难变得有惊无险。虽然这样的计划不能阻止狂风或地震，但可以挽 救生命和家园。 — 167 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 同义替换小结 • Q1. limit = reduce Q2. reduce the damage = prevent vast destruction Q3. built according to less strict standards = not built according to strict standards earthquake-resistance = resist earthquakes 有 重点词语解析 • destru道ction [dɪˈstrʌkʃn] n. 破坏 propose [prəˈpoʊz] v. 提出 minimize 考[ˈmɪnɪmaɪz] v. 使……最小化 observe [əbˈzɜːrv] v. 遵守(规则等) resistance [rɪˈzɪstəns] n. 抵抗 神 impact [ˈɪmpækt] n. 影响 hurricane [ˈhɜːrəkeɪn] n. 飓风 remind [rɪˈmaɪnd] v. ，提醒，使想起 remind sb. of ... 提醒某人…… mild [maɪld] adj. 轻微的 盗 good evidence 充分的证据 far-sighted [ˌfɑːr ˈsaɪtɪd] adj. 有远见的 版 必 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 The Decade L 28 究 for Natural Disaster Reduction 语音讲解 is a program designed to reduce • the impact of natural disasters 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L28，听老师讲解。 throughout the world. 1 2 The Decade L 28 disaster world for Natural Disaster Reduction $ /dɪˈzɑːstə/ /wɜːld/ is a program designed to reduce ə /wɜːrld/ # the impact of natural disasters design 例例: throughout the world. /dɪˈzaɪn/ Heal the world 1 2 ə Make it a better place. disaster world $ /dɪˈzɑːstə/ /wɜːld/ ə /wɜːrld/ # design 例例: /dɪˈzaɪn/ Heal the world — 168 — ə Make it a better place.LESSON 28 减灾的意义 逐句跟读 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L28。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 有 DAY 2 道 考裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L28，完成终极听力测试。 神 终测第一组 听写填空 ， • The recent _______________, on the othe盗r hand, __________ that people will suffer if we don’t use that technology. When a highway _______________ in northern Califor- nia, people were killed in their cars. The highway was not built ____________________ 版 today’s strict standards to ___________ earthquakes. Individuals and governments have to be __________________. We should take extra time and spend extra money to 必 build _____________________ into our lives. 究 终测第二组 段落听写 • — 169 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 拓展 拓 版 请根据中文提示及英文音频，写出英文词汇。 1. 飓风 2. 地震 必 3. 台风 4. 雷暴 究 5. 热带风暴 6. 雾霾 7. 暴风雨 8. 洪水 9. 山体滑坡 10. 干旱 11. 山火 12. 冰雹 13. 龙卷风 14. 海啸 15. 火山爆发 16. 沙尘暴 17. 暴风雪 — 170 —LESSON 28 减灾的意义 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 B C D 有 习题第二组 1. Reduction; reduce the impact 2. hurricanes; earthquakes 3. remind us of 4. mild effects; good evidence 5. far-sighted 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. disasters 2. prove 3. collapsed 4. according to 5. resist 6. far-sighted 7. disaster safety 神 终测第二组 The recent disasters, on the other hand, prove that people will suffer if we don’t use that technology. ， When a highway collapsed in northern California, people were killed in their cars. The highway was not built according to today’s strict standards to resist earthquakes. Individuals and governments 盗 have to be far-sighted. We should take extra time and spend extra money to build disaster safety into our lives. 版 拓 展 必 1. hurricane 2. earthquake 3. typhoon 4.thunder storm 5. tropical windstorm 6.haze and fog 7.rainstorm 8.floods 9. landslides 10. drought 11. wild fires 12. hail (也有致敬，欢呼的含义) 13. tornado 14. tsunami 15. volcano er究uption 16. sand storm 17. snow storm — 171 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 29 社会篇 英国的监狱 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L2，9，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They are kept in open prisons. B) They are allowed out of the prison grounds. 必 C) They are ordered to do cooking and cleaning. D) They are a small portion of the prison population. 究 2. A) Some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons. B) Most of their prisoners are expected to work. C) Their prisoners are often sent to special centers for skill training. D) Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families. 3. A) They are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre. B) Most of them get paid for their work. C) They have to cook their own meals. D) They can choose to do community work. — 172 —LESSON 29 英国的监狱 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. In Britain, if you are found _______________ of a crime, you can be sent to prison or be _____________ or be _______________ to do community work such as ______________ public places and helping the old. 有2. You may also _______________ to special centers when you learn special skills like cooking, writing and car __________________. 道 考 A 査译：正文学习 + 神 逐句翻译 习题讲解 ， In Britain, if you are found guilty of a crime, you can be Q1. What do we know about sent to prison or be fined or be ordered to 盗do community women prisoners in Britain? work such as tidying public places and helping the old. 答案 D) They are a small por- 在英国，如果你被判有罪，就可能坐牢，或被罚款，或被处以社区版劳动， tion of the prison population. 如打扫公共场所和帮助老人。 本题使用同义替换原则，a small You may also be sent to special centers where you learn 必portion of (一小部分)与5 per- practical skills like cooking, writing and car maintenance. cent of (5%)同义替换。 (Q1) Around 5 percent of the prison population are wom- 究 en. 你也可能被送到一个特殊中心，去学习一些实用技能，如烹饪、写作、汽修。 (Q1)目前，监狱服刑人员中，女性约占5%。 Many prisons were built over one hundred years ago. But the government will have built 11 new prisons by next year. There are two sorts of prisons: the open sort and the closed sort. 很多监狱是一百多年前建造的。但是政府将在明年建造11座新监狱。监 狱分为两种：开放式和封闭式。 — 173 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 In the closed sort, prisoners are given very little freedom. Q3. What do we learn about They spend three to ten hours outside their cells when they prisoners in Britain? exercise, eat, study, learn skills, watch TV and talk to other 答案 B) Most of them get paid prisoners. for their work. 在封闭式监狱里，囚犯几乎没有自由。他们每天在囚室之外有三到十个 小时可用于锻炼、吃饭、学习、学技能、看电视和与其他囚犯交谈。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 则，其中 most of them get paid 有 All prisoners are expected to work. (Q3) Most of them are for 与原文视听一致，their work paid for what they do, whether it is doing maintenance or (他们的工作)与原文中的 what they do (他们做的事情)同义 cooking and cleaning. 道 替换。 所有囚犯都要工作。(Q3)他们中的大多数人无论是维修还是做饭、打扫， 都是按劳取酬。 考 Prisoners in open prisons are locked up at night, but for Q2. In what way are open 神 the rest of the time, they are free within the prison grounds. prisons different from closed They can exercise, have visitors, or study. (Q2) And some prisons? are allowed out of the grounds to st，udy or do community 答案 A) Some of their prison- work. ers are allowed to study or 开放式监狱里的囚犯晚上被锁在囚室内，但其余时间，盗他们在监狱范围 work outside prisons. 内是自由的。他们可以锻炼，见访客或者学习。(Q2)有些人还可以外出 学习或做社区工作。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 版则，其中 are allowed to study or work 与原文视听一致，out- side prisons (在监狱外)与 out 必of the grounds (从监狱出来)同 义替换。 究 同义替换小结 • Q1. a small portion of = 5 percent of Q2. outside prisons = out of the grounds Q3. their work = what they do 重点词语解析 • prison [ˈprɪzn] n. 监狱 guilty [ˈɡɪlti] adj. 有罪的 portion [ˈpɔːrʃn] n. 部分 maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns] n. 检修，维护 a small portion 一小部分 — 174 —LESSON 29 英国的监狱 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 Most of them 语音讲解 are paid for what they do, • L 29 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L29，听老w师h讲e解th。er it is doing maintenance or cooking and cleaning. 有 1 Most of them ⿐鼻爆 maintenance 👃👃 are paid for what they do, /ˈmeɪntənəns/ L 29 wheth道er it is doing maintenance 复习: L24 or cooking and cleaning. that are important in the culture ðæ də rɪmˈpɔːrtn ɪnə 1 ⿐鼻爆 maintenan考ce 👃👃 /ˈmeɪntənəns/ 逐句跟读 复习: L24 • that are important in the神 culture 打ðæ开 d有ə 道rɪm精ˈ品pɔ课ːrtnAPPɪn“ə五步听力”L29。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 ， 盗 DAY 2 版 必 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L29，完成终极听力测试。 究 终测第一组 听写填空 • There are _________________________________: the open sort and the closed sort. In the closed sort, prisoners __________________ very little freedom. They spend three to ten hours outside their _____________ when they ________________, eat, study, learn skills, watch TV and talk to other prisoners. All prisoners are expected to work. Most of them are paid for what they do, whether it is doing ____________________ or cooking and cleaning. Prisoners in open prisons _____________________ at night, but for the rest of — 175 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 the time, they are free within the prison _______________. 终测第二组 段落听写 • 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 176 —LESSON 29 英国的监狱 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 D A B 有 习题第二组 1. guilty; fined; ordered; tidying 2. be sent; maintenance 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. two sorts of prisons 2. are given 3. cells 4. exercise 5. maintenance 6. are locked up 神 7. grounds 终测第二组 ， There are two sorts of prisons: the open sort and the closed sort. In the closed sort, prisoners are given very little freedom. They spend three to ten hours outside their cells when they exercise, eat, study, learn skills, watch TV and talk to other pris盗oners. All prisoners are expected to work. Most of them are paid for what they do, whether it is doing maintenance or cooking and cleaning. Prisoners in open prisons are locked up at night, but for the rest of the time, they are free within the prison 版 grounds. 必 究 — 177 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 30 文化篇 摇头 yes 点头 no 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L3，0，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) Nodding one's head. B) Waving one's hand. C) Holding up the forefinger. D) Turning the right thumb down. 必 2. A) Looking away from them. B) Forming a circle with fingers. C) Bowing one's head to them. D) Waving or pointing to them.究 3. A) Looking one's superior in the eye. B) Keeping one's arms folded while talking. C) Showing the sole of one's foot to a guest. D) Using a lot of gestures during a conversation. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Body language, especially gestures, __________________ among cultures. 2. For example, a nod of the head means “yes” to most of us. But in Bulgaria and — 178 —LESSON 30 摇头 yes 点头 no ________________ a nod means “no” and a _____________ of the head means “yes”. 3. Likewise, a sign for “OK”, forming a circle with our forefinger and _______________, means zero in France and money in Japan. 有 A 査译：正文学习 + 道 逐句翻译 习题讲解 考 Body language, especial神ly gestures, varies among cul- Q1. What gesture do Bulgarians tures. For example, a nod of the head means “yes” to most and Greeks use to express of us. (Q1) But in Bulgaria and Greece a nod means “no” negative responses? ， and a shake of the head means “yes”. 答案 A) Nodding one's head. 肢体语言，尤其手势，因文化而异。例如：对大部分人来说，点头表示“是”。 (Q1)但在保加利亚和希腊，点头表示“否”，摇头表示盗“是”。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换 原 则， 其 中 Bulgarians and Greeks 与 原 文 视 听 一 致， 版 negative responses (否定回答) 与 means "no" (意味着“不”) 同义替换，a nod 与 nodding 必 one's head 同义替换。 究 Likewise, a sign for “OK”, forming a circle with our forefin- Q2. What is likely to offend ger and thumb, means zero in France and money in Ja- Arab business people? pan. (Q2) Waving or pointing to an Arab business person 答案 D) Waving or pointing to would be considered rude because that is how Arabs call them. their dogs over. Folded arms signal pride in Finland, but disrespect in Fiji. 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 类似的是表示“OK”的手势，用食指和拇指围成一个圈，在法国表示“零”， 则，waving or pointing to them 在日本表示“钱”。(Q2)向阿拉伯商人挥手或指指点点被视为粗鲁的举止， 与原文中 Waving or pointing to 因为这是阿拉伯人召唤狗的方式。在芬兰，抱臂表示傲慢，但在斐济则 an Arab business person 视听 象征着失礼。 一致，be considered rude (被 认为无礼)与 offend (冒犯)同义 替换。 The number of bows that the Japanese exchange on greeting each other, as well as the length and the depth of — 179 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 the bows, signals the social status each party feels towards the other. Italians might think you’re bored unless you use a lot of gestures during discussions. 日本人相互问候时鞠躬的次数，以及鞠躬的时长和幅度，都表明双方对 彼此社会地位的感知。如果你在讨论时很少打手势，那么意大利人可能 认为你不耐烦了。 有 Many American men sit with their legs crossed with one Q3. What is considered to be ankle resting over the opposite knee. (Q3) However, this impolite in Muslim countries? 道 would be considered an insult in Muslim countries, where 答案 C) Showing the sole of one would never show the sole of the foot to a guest. one's foot to a guest. 考 许多美国男性的坐姿是双腿交叉，一只脚踝担在另一只膝盖上。(Q3)然而， 这在穆斯林国家会被视为一种侮辱，因为他们从不用脚底对着客人。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 则，showing the sole of one's 神 Likewise, Americans consider eye contact very important, foot to a guest 及 in Muslim countries 与原文视听一致， often not trusting someone who is afraid to look you in the impolite (无礼)与 insult (侮辱) eye. But in Japan and many Latin ，American countries, 同义替换。 keeping the eyes lowered is a sign of respect. To look a partner full in the eye is considered a sign of ill-breeding 盗 and is felt to be annoying. 同样，美国人认为眼神交流很重要，他们通常不信任不敢与人对视的人。 但在日本和许多拉美国家，放低视线代表尊重，人们认为直视对方版的眼 睛是缺乏教养的表现，令人反感。 必 同义替换小结 究 • Q1. negative responses = means “no” a nod = nodding one’s head Q2. be considered rude = offend Q3. impolite = insult 重点词语解析 • gesture [ˈdʒestʃər] n. 手势；示意动作 nod [nɑːd] v./n. 点头 thumb [θʌm] n. 拇指 sole [soʊl] n. 脚底，脚掌 — 180 —LESSON 30 摇头 yes 点头 no arab [ˈærəb] n. 阿拉伯人 be considered + adj. 被认为是……的 signal [ˈsɪɡnəl] v. 表示 social status 社会地位 lower [ˈloʊər] v. 把……放低 ill-breeding [ˌɪl ˈbriːdɪŋ] adj. 缺乏教养的 有annoying [əˈnɔɪɪŋ] adj. 烦人的 道 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 L 30 For example, 考 a nod of the head means “yes” to most of us. 语音讲解 But in Bulgaria and Greece 神 • a nod means “no” 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L30，听老师讲解。 and a shake of the head means “yes”. ， For example, 1 L 30 OF 怎么连读 ? 先弱化 of a nod of the head means “yes” 先弱化 再连读 most of us to most of us. 盗/əv/ a nod of /əv/ But in Bulgaria and Greece nɔ dəv 再连读 most of us a nod means “no” də vʌs 版 də vəs and a shake of the head means “yes”. 2 the 怎么读更更简单? 1 OF 怎么连读 ? 先弱化 of 咬⾆舌/ðə/ 必 /də/ + 夹⾆舌 熟→巧 先弱化 再连读 most of us 逐/ə句v/ 跟读 a nod of /əv/ nɔ dəv 再连读 most of us 究 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步d听ə v力ʌs”L30。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 də vəs 2 the 怎么读更更简单? 咬⾆舌/ðə/ /də/ 夹⾆舌 熟→巧 + — 181 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L30，完成终极听力测试。 终测第道一组 听写填空 • _______________考__________________ an Arab business person would be considered _____________ because that is how Arabs call their dogs over. ______________________ signal pride in Finland, b神ut disrespect in Fiji. The number of _______________ that the Japanese exchange on greeting each other, as well as the length and the depth of the bows, signals the ________________，___ each party feels towards the other. Italians might think you’re ______________ unless you use a lot of gestures during discussions. 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 版 • 必 究 — 182 —LESSON 30 摇头 yes 点头 no 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 A D C 习题第二组 1. varies 2. Greece; shake 3. thumb 必 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. Waving or pointing to 2. rude 3. Folded arms 4. bows 5. social status 6. bored 终测第二组 Waving or pointing to an Arab business person would be considered rude because that is how Arabs call their dogs over. Folded arms signal pride in Finland, but disrespect in Fiji. The number of bows that the Japanese exchange on greeting each other, as well as the length and the depth of the bows, signals the social status each party feels towards the other. Italians might think you’re bored unless you use a lot of gestures during discussions. — 183 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 31 旅游篇 露营时，你睡在哪里？ 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L3，1，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) It is an inexpensive way of spending a holiday. B) It is especially attractive to children and the young. 必 C) It is the first choice of vacationers on the Continent. D) It is as comfortable as living in a permanent house. 究 2. A) It is sold to many Continental countries. B) It has a solid plastic frame. C) It consists of an inner and an outer tent. D) It is very convenient to set up. 2. A) A spare tent. B) A groundsheet. C) A gas stove. D) A kitchen extension. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. The most popular tent sold in Britain is the frame tent with two bedrooms and sleep- ing _________________________ for four people. — 184 —LESSON 31 露营时，你睡在哪里？ 2. There is usually an outer tent of _____________________ fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in ground ____________. 3. The outer tent _________ over the frame work. 有 道A 査译：正文学习 + 考 逐句翻译 习题讲解 神 Today I’m going to talk about tents. (Q1) Camping is still Q1. What does the speaker one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday. And each say about camping? year, over 3 million people take cam，ping vacations, either 答案 A) It is an inexpensive here in Britain or abroad, mostly on the Continent. way of spending a holiday. 今天我想说说帐篷。(Q1)露营仍然是最便宜的度假方盗式之一。每年有 300多万人在英国本土或国外露营度假，主要是在欧洲大陆。 本题使用同义替换原则，an in- expensive way (一 种 廉 价 的 Obviously, camping can’t be as comfortable as livin 版 g in a 方式)与原文中的 one of the permanent house, but modern tents can be very comfort- cheapest ways (最便宜的方式 之一)同义替换。 able indeed, with windows, bedrooms, kitchens and sitting 必 rooms. 显然，露营不可能像住在固定的房子里那么舒服，但是现代的帐篷有窗户、 究 卧室、厨房和客厅，确实也可以很舒适。 (Q2-1) The most popular tent sold in Britain is the frame Q2. What does the passage tent with two bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for tell us about the most popular four people. (Q2-2) There is usually an outer tent of wa- tent sold in Britain? ter-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a 答案 C) It consists of an inner built-in ground sheet. and an outer tent. (Q2-1)在英国最受欢迎的是框架帐篷，有两间卧室，可住四人。(Q2-2) 通常是一个防水织物的外帐和单个或多个较轻且附带防潮布的内帐。 本题使用视听一致原则，题目中 的 the most popular tent sold in Britain 及 an inner and an outer tent 与原文视听一致。 — 185 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 The outer tent fits over the frame work. This is made of Q3. What does the speaker metal poles which are fitted together. The inner tent is at- suggest buying if you plan to tached to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half stay camping in one place for more than a few days? the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn’t usually have a ground sheet 答案 D) A kitchen extension. but you can buy one to fit, though it costs extra. 外帐搭在由金属杆组装而成的框架之外。内帐贴附在框架之内。一般来说， 本题使用视听一致原则，题目 有 内帐的面积大约为外帐的一半。外帐的另一半是生活区。此处一般不带 中的 a kitchen extension 及 if 防潮布，但你可以买一块合适的，不过需单独购买。 you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few 道 days 与原文视听一致。 The ordinary four-bed frame tent doesn’t usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. (Q3) You can buy a kitc考hen extension for many tents, and it’s worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days. 神 四个床位的普通框架帐篷通常没有单独的厨房区域，但较大的帐篷一般 会有。(Q3)你可以买一个扩展厨房，可搭配多个帐篷。如果你打算在一 个处逗留多日，买一个就很划算。 ， 盗 同义替换小结 • 版 Q1. an inexpensive way = one of the cheapest ways 必 重点词语解析 • continent [ˈkɑːntɪnənt] n. 大陆；[the Continent]欧洲大陆 究 plastic [ˈplæstɪk] adj. 塑料的 convenient [kənˈviːniənt] adj. 方便的 accommodation [əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn] n. 住处 metal [ˈmetl] n. 金属 attach [əˈtætʃ] v. 把……附(在……上) fabric [ˈfæbrɪk] n. 织物 — 186 —LESSON 31 露营时，你睡在哪里？ 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 语音讲解 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L31，听老师讲解。 There’s usually an outer tent of water-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in ground sheet. 1 an → 冠词 → 不不重要 → 弱化 reduced /æn/ and a /æn/ — 187 — → ə /ən/ /ən//ə/ 3 outer /ˈaʊtər/ 元 t 元 → water /ˈwɔːtər/ 元 t 元 “d” → 2 1. nd / nt cluster or stop d 2. reduce: æ 3. link: ənə lighter /ˈlaɪtər/ 元 t 元 “d” → There’s usually an outer tent of water-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in ground sheet. 1 an L → 3 冠1词 → 不不重要 → 弱化 reduced /æn/ and a /æn/ ßap T →“d” “d” → ə /ən/ /ən//ə/ 3 outer /ˈaʊtər/ 元 t 元 → water /ˈwɔːtər/ 元 t 元 “d” → 2 1. nd / nt cluster or stop d 2. reduce: æ 3. link: ənə lighter /ˈlaɪtər/ 元 t 元 “d” → L 31 有 道 考 ßap T →“d” 神 “d” 逐句跟读 ， • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L31。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 盗 版 DAY 2 必 究 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L31，完成终极听力测试。 终测第一组 听写填空 • The inner tent __________________ to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn’t usually have _____________________ but you can buy one to ________, though it五步法吃透大学英语听力 costs ________________. The ordinary four-bed frame tent doesn’t usually have ________ ______________________________, but the larger ones often do. You can buy ____________ _____________________ for many tents, and ____________________________ one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days. 有 终测第二组 段落听写 • 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 188 —LESSON 31 露营时，你睡在哪里？ 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 A C D 有 习题第二组 1. accommodation 2. water-proofed; sheet 3. fits 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. is attached 2. a ground sheet 3. fit 4. extra 5. a separate kitchen area 神 6. a kitchen extension 7. it’s worth buying 终测第二组 ， The inner tent is attached to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn’t usually have a ground sheet but you can buy one to fit, though it costs extra. The盗 ordinary four-bed frame tent doesn’t usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. You can buy a kitchen extension for many tents, and it’s worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days. 版 必 究 — 189 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 32 健康篇 你的牙齿是活的 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L3，2，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 4 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They are highly sensitive to cold. B) They are vitally important to our life. 必 C) They are a living part of our body. D) They are a chief source of our pain. 究 2. A) It has to be removed in time by a dentist. B) It is a rare oral disease among old people. C) It contains many nerves and blood vessels. D) It is a sticky and colorless film on the teeth. 3. A) It can change into acids causing damage to their outer covering. B) It greatly reduces their resistance to the attacks of bacteria. C) It makes their nerves and blood vessels more sensitive to acid food. D) It combines with food particles to form a film on their surface. 4. A) Food particles. B) Gum disease. C) Unhealthy living habits. D) Chemical erosion. — 190 —LESSON 32 你的牙齿是活的 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. They have nerves and __________________________. 2. ________________ is the main enemy of healthy teeth. 3. The result is tooth ______________ and ______________ disease. 有 4. They change sugar into _______________, which break down the tooth’s harder ______________________. 道 考 A 査译：正文学习 + 神 逐句翻译 习题讲解 ， Take care of your teeth and your teeth wi盗ll take care of Q1. What does the speaker you. (Q1) Your teeth are a living part of your body. They say about our teeth? have nerves and blood vessels. Diseased teeth can cause 版答案 C) They are a living part pain, die and fall out. of our body. 你爱护牙齿，牙齿也会善待你。(Q1)牙齿是你身体中鲜活的一部分。它 必 们有神经和血管。患病的牙齿会引起疼痛，会死亡、脱落。 本题使用视听一致原则，are a living part of our body 与原文视 听一致。 究 Plaque is the main enemy of healthy teeth. (Q2) Everyone Q2. What does the speaker has plaque. It is a sticky, colorless film that coats the teeth. say about plaque? Plaque is always forming on the teeth, especially at the 答案 D)It is a sticky and color- gum line. less film on the teeth. 牙菌斑是牙齿健康的主要敌人。(Q2)人人都有牙菌斑。它是覆在牙齿上 的一层黏性、无色薄膜。牙菌斑会不停地在牙齿上形成，特别是在牙龈 本题使用视听一致原则，a sticky 线上。 and colorless film 与原文视听一 致。 If plaque is not removed, it builds up and gets under the gum line. Plaque that is left on the teeth for some time hardens. The result is tooth decay and gum disease. — 191 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 如果不清理牙菌斑，它就会堆积并蔓延至牙龈下。牙齿上久未清理的牙 菌斑会变硬，引发蛀牙和牙龈疾病。 (Q3) The bacteria in plaque live on sugar. They change Q3. Why is sugar harmful to sugar into acids, which break down the tooth’s harder teeth? outer covering. If left untreated, decay goes deeper and 答案 A) It can change into deeper into the tooth. 有 acids causing damage to their (Q3)牙菌斑中的细菌以糖为生。它们把糖变成酸，酸会破坏牙齿坚硬的 outer covering. 外层。如果不及时治疗，龋洞会越来越深。 道 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 After a while, the decay reaches the nerves and blood 则，其中 change into acids 和 vessels of the inner tooth. By the time this happens, the outer covering 与原文视听一致； 考 causing damage (造成损害)与 tooth has probably started to ache. break down (损坏)同义替换。 过一段时间，龋洞会到达牙齿内部的神经和血管。到时，牙齿很可能已 神 经开始疼了。 ， In addition to tooth decay, (Q4-1) there’re also gum dis- Q4. What causes adults to eases to watch out for. The bacteria and plaque make lose most of their teeth ac- poisons that attack the gums. Small pockets盗 form around cording to the speaker? the teeth. The pockets trap more bacteria and food parti- 答案 B) Gum disease. cles. 版 除了蛀牙，(Q4-1)还有牙龈疾病需要注意。细菌和菌斑会产生损害牙龈 本题使用视听一致原则，adults 的毒素。牙齿周围会形成牙洞。牙洞会聚积更多细菌和食物残渣。 lose most teeth和 gum diseases 必与原文视听一致。 Finally, the bone supporting the teeth is attacked and starts to shrink. Teeth become loose and may fall out. 究 (Q4-2) Adults lose most teeth this way. Keep your mouth healthy. When you brush your teeth, do a good job. 最后，支撑牙齿的骨头受损并开始萎缩。牙齿变得松动，可能脱落。(Q4-2) 这是成年人牙齿脱落的首要原因。保持口腔健康吧。好好刷牙。 同义替换小结 • Q3. causing damage = break down — 192 —LESSON 32 你的牙齿是活的 重点词语解析 • nerve [nɜːrv] n. 神经 blood vessel 血管 acid [ˈæsɪd] ① n. 酸 ② adj. 酸的 particle [ˈpɑːrtɪkl] n. 颗粒 erosion [ɪˈrəʊʒn] n. 腐蚀 有 plaque [plæk/plɑːk] n. 牙菌斑 gum [ɡʌm] n. 牙龈 道 harden [ˈhɑːrdn] v. 变硬 decay [dɪˈkeɪ] n. 腐坏 tooth decay考 蛀牙 shrink [ʃrɪŋk] v. 收缩 brush [brʌʃ] v. 刷 神 ， 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 盗 语音讲解 • 版 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L32，听 Yo 老 u 师 r 讲 te 解 et 。 h are a L 32 living part of your body. Your teeth are a 1 L 32 必 teeth are a living part of your body. th θɑː rə 1 究 teeth are a 例例: th I'm going to lean up against you. θɑː rə You just lean right back against me. 例例: This way we don't have to sleep with our heads in the mud. I'm going to lean up against you. You just lean right back against me. This way we don't have to 逐s句lee跟p w读ith our heads in the mud. • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L32。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 — 193 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L32，完成终极听力测试。 终测第道一组 听写填空 • 请根据听力内容,将下列选项填入图中正确位置。 考 A. 神经 B. 血管 C. 牙表面 D. 牙洞 E. 牙龈 F. 牙菌斑 G. 食物残渣 神 ， 1. 5. 2. 盗 6. 版 3. 必 究 4. 7. — 194 —LESSON 32 你的牙齿是活的 终测第二组 段落听写 • 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 195 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 C D A 有 习题第二组 1. blood vessels 2. Plaque 3. decay; gum 4. acids; outer covering 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. food particles G 2. out covering C 神 3. gum E 4. nerves A ， 5. pocket D 6. plague F 盗 7. blood vessels B 终测第二组 版 In addition to tooth decay, there’re also gum diseases to watch out for. The bacteria and plaque make poisons that attack the gums. Small pockets form around the teeth. The pockets trap more bacteria and food particles. Finally, the bone supporting the teeth is a必ttacked and starts to shrink. Teeth become loose and may fall out. Adults lose most teeth this way. 究 — 196 —LESSON 33 照顾老人不容易 LESSON 33 家庭篇 照顾老人不容易 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，33，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They think they should follow the current trend. B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient. 必 C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible. D) They have jobs and other commitments. 究 2. A) They don’t want to use up all their life savings. B) They fear they will regret it afterwards. C) They would like to spend more time with them. D) They don’t want to see their husbands poorly treated. 3. A) Provide professional standard care. B) Be affectionate and cooperative. C) Be frank and seek help from others. D) Make full use of community facilities. — 197 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. When people care for _________________________________, they often do not use avail- able __________________________ such as adult daycare centers. 2. In contrast, __________________, usually the wife, is much less likely to use support 有services or to put the ________________ person in a nursing home. 3. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very _________________ 道 experience. 4. They were ___________________ and __________________. 考 神 A 査译：正文学习 + ， 逐句翻译 习题讲解 盗 When people care for an elderly relative, they often do版 not Q1. Why are adult children use available community services such as adult daycare more likely to use community centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more services to help care for el- 必derly parents? likely to use such services, especially (Q1) because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. 答案 D) They have jobs and 究 人们照顾年长的亲人时，通常不借助现成的社区服务，如成人日托中心。 other commitments. 如果看护者是成年子女，他们更可能使用这些服务，主要(Q1)因为他们 通常肩负工作及其他责任。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 则，其中 they have jobs 与原文 视听一致，commitments (责任) 与原文中 responsibilities (责任) 同义替换。 In contrast, a spouse, usually the wife, is much less likely Q2. Why are most wives un- to use support services or to put the dependent person in willing to put their depend- a nursing home. Social workers discover that (Q2) the wife ent husbands into nursing homes? normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. 答案 A) They don't want to use — 198 —LESSON 33 照顾老人不容易 相比之下，配偶，通常是妻子，更少借助支持服务或把需要照料的人送 up all their life savings. 到疗养院。社会工作者发现，(Q2)妻子通常会尽可能地亲自照顾丈夫， 以免花光一生的积蓄。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换 原则，其中 use up all their life Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be savings 与原文视听一致，don't a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the want to (不想……)与 in order not to (为了不……)同义替换。 care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. 有 研究人员发现，照顾老人可以是一种极具积极意义的体验。老人为所受 的关照心怀感激。他们亲切慈爱，愿意配合。 道 However, even when caregiving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social worke考rs and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. 神 然而，看护工作虽然令人满足，但却很辛苦。社会工作者和老龄问题专 家为看护者和可能成为看护者的人提供帮助，安排照顾老年亲属。 ， One consideration is to ask parents what they want before Q3. According to the passage, they become sick or dependent. Perhaps t盗hey prefer go- what must caregivers learn to ing into a nursing home and can select one in advance. do? On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult 版答案 C) Be frank and seek help children. from others. 一个思路是是在父母身体健康或能够独立生活时征求他们的意见。也许 他们更愿意去养老院，可以提前选一家。另一种情况是，他们可能想和 必本题使用视听一致+同义替换原则， 自己的成年子女一起生活。 其中，seek help from others 与 原文视听一致，be frank (坦诚) 究 (Q3) Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and 与 state their needs and opin- ions clearly (清楚地表明他们的 opinions clearly and ask for help from others, especially 需求和看法)同义替换。 brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do. (Q3) 看护者还必须学会明确地表达自己的需求和想法，并向他人尤其是 兄弟姐妹寻求帮助。兄弟姐妹往往愿意帮忙，但可能不知道该做什么。 同义替换小结 • Q1. commitments = responsibilities Q2. don’t want to = in order not to Q3. be frank = state their needs and opinions clearly — 199 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 重点词语解析 • spouse [spaʊs] n. 配偶 dependent [dɪˈpendənt] adj. 依赖的 affectionate [əˈfekʃənət] adj. 表示关爱的 cooperative [koʊˈɑːpərətɪv] adj. 配合的 in advance 预先，提前 state [steɪt] v. 说明，声明 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 语音讲解 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L33，听老师讲解。 Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. 1 AS … AS 连读 熟 所有元⾳音向央元⾳音 schwa 靠拢 — 200 — → ə for as long as she can → Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. 1 AS … AS 连读 熟 所有元⾳音向央元⾳音 schwa 靠拢 L 33 2 后⿐鼻⾳音连读 ŋ lɔːŋə ʃiː → ə for as long as she can → 有 道 考 神 L 33 ， 盗 2 后⿐鼻⾳音连读 ŋ 版 lɔːŋə ʃiː 逐句跟读 必 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L33。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 究LESSON 33 照顾老人不容易 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L33，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • However, even考 when caregiving is ___________________, it is hard work. Social workers and experts ___________________ offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when ____________________ for神 the care of an elderly relative. _____________________________ is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or _________________. Perhaps they prefer going into a _________，__________ and can select one _________________. 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 • 版 必 究 — 201 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 D A C 习题第二组 1. an elderly relative; community services 2. a spouse; dependent 3. positive 必 4. affectionate; cooperative 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. satisfying 2. on aging 3. arranging 4. One consideration 5. dependent 6. nursing home 7. in advance 终测第二组 However, even when caregiving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. — 202 —LESSON 34 来听一段天气预报 LESSON 34 生活篇 来听一段天气预报 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，34，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) Northern Europe. B) Southern Europe. C) Northwestern Europe. D) Scandinav必ian mountains. 2. A) Southern Europe. B) Northern Europe. C) Northwestern Europe. D) Eastern Europe. 究 3. A) Central parts of the Mediterranean. B) Eastern parts of the Mediterranean. C) Southern parts of the Mediterranean. D) Northern parts of the Mediterranean. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. You can see from the _________________ picture that the highest ____________________, — 203 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 as they so often are, are in the southern parts of Europe, where it’s also quite __________, particularly over the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. 2. The ___________________________ suggests that it’s going to be quite cold over _____________________ parts of Europe for the rest of the day, even some snow on the Scandinavian mountains. 有 道 A 査考译：正文学习 + 逐句翻译 神 习题讲解 ， Now the weather forecast. It's a mixed picture over the Q1. According to today’s next few days. Today, very wet and windy in Northern Eu- weather forecast, which part rope. 盗of Europe has dry weather? 现在播送天气预报。未来几天的天气情况喜忧参半。今天，北欧多雨多风。 答案 B) Southern Europe. 版 You can see from the satellite picture that the highest tem- 本题使用视听一致原则，题目中的 peratures, as they so often are, (Q1) are in the southern dry 和 southern Europe 与原文 parts of Europe, where it's also quite dry, particularly over 必视听一致。 the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. 卫星图显示，(Q1)最高气温仍出现在干燥的欧洲南部，尤其是地中海东 究 部地区。 The forecast suggests that it's going to be quite cold over Q2. In which part of Europe northwestern parts of Europe for the rest of the day, even does the weather stay both some snow on the Scandinavian mountains. fine and cool? 预报显示，今日欧洲西北部地区会非常寒冷，斯堪的纳维亚山脉甚至出 答案 D) Eastern Europe. 现小雪。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 So that's today's weather, with showery conditions in many 则，其中 eastern Europe 与原 parts of Northern Europe but the best of the sunshine in the 文视听一致, both fine and cool south and throughout the Mediterranean. (Q2) And pretty 与原文中的 pretty good but cool 同义替换。 good but cool in the eastern parts of Europe, too. — 204 —LESSON 34 来听一段天气预报 这就是今日天气情况，北欧多地有阵雨，但欧洲南部和整个地中海地区 阳光明媚，(Q2)且欧洲东部也天气晴朗，气温凉爽。 Now let’s look at tomorrow’s weather chart. (Q3) Very Q3. In which region will the much the same in the south except that the rain is starting weather change tomorrow? to push down into the northern parts of the Mediterranean 答案 D) Northern parts of the there. 有 Mediterranean. 现在我们看明天的气象图。(Q3)南部的情况大致相同，只是降雨开始下 移到地中海北部地区。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换 道 原 则， 其 中 northern parts of Elsewhere, staying fine in Eastern Europe and fine in cen- the Mediterranean 与原文视听 tral and eastern parts of the Mediterranean as well. But still 一致，weather change 与 the 考 rain is starting to push down wet and windy in many northwestern parts of Europe, in- 同义替换。 cluding southern parts of Scandinavia, and a bit cool too. 神 在其他地方，东欧地区天气依然晴朗，地中海中部和东部也是阳光明媚。 但在欧洲西北的大部分地区，包括斯堪的纳维亚南部，仍然潮湿多风， 且气温较低。 ， 盗 同义替换小结 • 版 Q2. both fine and cool = pretty good but cool Q3. weather change = the rain is starting to push down 必 重点词语解析 • 究 Scandinavia [ˌskændɪˈneɪviə] n. 斯堪的纳维亚 Scandinavian [ˌskændɪˈneɪviən] adj. 斯堪的纳维亚的 Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən] adj. 地中海的 forecast [ˈfɔːrkæst] n. 天气预报 satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] n. 人造卫星 temperature [ˈtemprətʃʊr] n. 温度，气温 dry [draɪ] adj. 干燥的 northwestern [ˌnɔːrθ ˈwestərn] adj. 西北部的 showery [ˈʃaʊəri] adj. 阵雨的 chart [tʃɑːrt] n. 图标 — 205 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 语音讲解 L 34 • And pretty good but cool 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L34，听老师讲解。 in the eastern parts of Europe, too. 有 L 34 1 And pretty good but cool good cool too in the eastern parts of Europe, too. ʊ /ɡʊd/ /kuːl/ /tuː/ 道 1 例例: good cool too ʊ look would should /ɡʊd/ /k 考 uːl/ /tuː/ /lʊk/ /wəd/ /ʃəd/ 例例: look would should /lʊk/ /wəd/ 神/ʃəd/ 逐句跟读 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L34。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 ， 盗 DAY 2 版 必 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 究 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L34，完成终极听力测试。 终测第一组 听写填空 • Now let’s look at tomorrow’s ________________________. Very much the same in the south except that the rain is starting to _________________ into the northern parts of the Mediterranean there. Elsewhere, staying fine in Eastern _____________ and fine in cen- tral and eastern parts of the Mediterranean as well. But still __________________________ — 206 —LESSON 34 来听一段天气预报 in many northwestern parts of Europe, _________________ southern parts of Scandinavia, and __________________ too. 终测第二组 段落听写 •有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 207 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 B D D 有 习题第二组 1. satellite; temperatures; dry 2. forecast; northwestern 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. weather chart 2. push down 3. Europe 4. wet and windy 5. including 6. a bit cool 神 终测第二组 Now let’s look at tomorrow’s weather chart. Very much the same in the south except that the rain ， is starting to push down into the northern parts of the Mediterranean there. Elsewhere, staying fine in Eastern Europe and fine in central and eastern parts of the Mediterranean as well. But still wet and windy in many northwestern parts of Eur盗ope, including southern parts of Scandinavia, and a bit cool too. 版 必 究 — 208 —LESSON 35 酗酒者并非故意 LESSON 35 健康篇 酗酒者并非故意 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，35，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Question 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) They do not know any solution. B) They do not give up drunk driving. 必 C) They do not behave in public places. D) They do not admit being alcohol addicts. 究 2. A) To stop them from fighting back. B) To thank them for their hospitality. C) To teach them the European lifestyle. D) To relieve their pains and sufferings. 3. A) Without intervention they will be a headache to the nation. B) With support they can be brought back to a normal life. C) They readily respond to medical treatment. D) They pose a serious threat to social stability. — 209 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Many scientists disagree about what the differences are between ___________________ and a social drinker. 2. The difference ______________ when someone needs to drink. 有 3. Alcohol causes a loss of _______________ and ______________. 4. After a long period, alcoholism can ____________________ the ____________, the brain 道 and other parts of the body. 考 神 A 査译：正文学习 + ， 逐句翻译 习题讲解 盗 Alcoholism is a serious disease. Nearly nine million Ameri- Q1. What is the problem of the cans alone suffer from the illness. Many scientists disagree victims of alcoholism accord- 版 about what the differences are between an alcohol addict ing to the speaker? and a social drinker. 答案 D) They do not admit be- 必 酒精依赖症是一种严重的疾病。仅美国患病人数就有近900万。关于酒 ing alcohol addicts. 精依赖者与社交饮酒者之间的区别，科学家们持不同看法。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 究 The difference occurs when someone needs to drink. And 则，其中 being alcohol addicts this need gets in the way of his health or behavior. Alco- 与原文视听一致，not admit (不 承认)与 denies (否认)同义替换。 hol causes a loss of judgment and alertness. After a long period, alcoholism can deteriorate the liver, the brain and other parts of the body. 区别在于是否需要喝酒，而且这种需求有损健康，并影响行为。酒精让 人丧失判断力和警觉性。长期酗酒会损害肝脏、大脑及身体其他部位。 The illness is dangerous, because it is involved in half of all automobile accidents. (Q1) Another problem is that the victim often denies being an alcohol addict and won’t get help. Solutions do exist. Without the assistance, the victim can destroy his life. — 210 —LESSON 35 酗酒者并非故意 这种疾病很危险，因为半数的交通事故与之相关。(Q1)另外一个问题是， 患者通常不承认自己酒精成瘾，也不寻求帮助。解决方案的确有。没有 外在帮助，患者可能会毁了自己的生活。 All the causes of the sickness are not discovered yet. Q2. Why did white settlers in- There is no standard for a person with alcoholism. Victims troduce alcohol to Indians? range in age, race, sex and background. Some groups of 有 答案 A) To stop them from people are more vulnerable to the illness. fighting back. 病因尚未完全查明。酒精成瘾者没有统一标准。患者的年龄、种族、性 道 别及社会背景各不相同。有些群体对这种疾病更为易感。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 则，其中 stop (阻止)与 pre- People from broken homes and North American Indians vent from (防止)同义替换， 考 are two examples. People from broken homes often lack fighting back 与原文视听一致。 stable lives. (Q2) Indians likewise had the traditional life taken from them by white神 settlers who often encouraged them to consume alcohol to prevent them from fighting back. ， 来自破裂家庭的人和北美印第安人就是两种易感人群。来自破裂家庭的 人通常生活不太稳定。(Q2)同样，白人殖民者剥夺了印第安人的传统生活， 为防止他们反击，还经常怂恿他们喝酒。 盗 The problem has now been passed on. Alcohol版ism is Q3. What does the speaker clearly present in society today. People have started to seem to believe about those get help and information. (Q3) With proper assistance, vic- affected by alcoholism? 必 tims can put their lives together one day. 答案 B) With support they can 问题延续至今。酗酒问题显然存在于当今社会。人们开始寻求帮助，寻 be brought back to a normal life. 究 找信息。(Q3)如能得到适当的帮助，患者终有一天能恢复正常生活。 本题使用同义替换原则，其中 support (帮助)与原文中 proper assistance (适当的帮助)同义 替换，put their lives together (好 好生活)与 be brought back to a normal life (回归正常生活)同 义替换。 同义替换小结 • Q1. not admit = denies — 211 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 Q2. stop = prevent from Q3. support = proper assistance put their lives together = be brought back to a normal life 重点词语解析 • addict [ˈædɪkt] n. 对……上瘾的人 hospitality [ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti] n. 好客 intervention [ˌɪntəˈvenʃn] n. 干预 deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt] v. 损害 deny [dɪˈnaɪ] v. 否认 vulnerable [ˈvʌlnərəbl] adj. 易患……病的 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 语音讲解 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L35，听老师讲解。 Indians likewise had the traditional life L 35 taken from them by white settlers who often encouraged them to consume alcohol to prevent them from Þghting back. 1 white prevent Þghting settlers 元 t 元 — 212 — → Indians likewise had the traditional life L 35 taken from them by white settlers who often encouraged them to consume alcohol to prevent them from Þghting back. 1 white prevent Þghting settlers 元 t 元 “d” stop t drop t ßap t → 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 “d” stop t drop t究 ßap t 逐句跟读 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L35。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。LESSON 35 酗酒者并非故意 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L35，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • All the ______考_______________________________ are not discovered yet. There is no _________________ for a person with alcoholism. Victims _________________ age, race, sex and background. Some g神roups of people are more ______________________ to the illness. The problem has now been __________________________. Alcoholism is clearly present in society today. Peop，le have started to get help and information. With _____________________________, victims can put their lives together one day. 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 版 • 必 究 — 213 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 D A B 习题第二组 1. an alcohol addict 2. occurs 3. judgment; alertness 必 4. deteriorate; liver 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. causes of the sickness 2. standard 3. range in 4. vulnerable 5. passed on 6. proper assistance 终测第二组 All the causes of the sickness are not discovered yet. There is no standard for a person with alcohol- ism. Victims range in age, race, sex and background. Some groups of people are more vulnerable to the illness. The problem has now been passed on. Alcoholism is clearly present in society today. People have started to get help and information. With proper assistance, victims can put their lives together one day. — 214 —LESSON 36 道路千万条，安全第一条 LESSON 36 旅行篇 道路千万条，安全第一条 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，36，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Question 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) Theft. B) Air crash. C) Cheating. D) Road accidents. 必 2. A) Learn the local customs. B) Have the right documents. C) Book tickets well in advance. D) Make hotel reservations. 究 3. A) Contact your agent. B) Use official transport. C) Get a lift if possible. D) Have a friend meet you. 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Wherever you go and for whatever reason, it’s important to be safe. While the _________________ of people you will meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and _________________, there are dangers. — 215 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 2. _________________________ being the most common. 3. It’s important to prepare for your trip ___________________________________ and to take ____________________ while you are travelling. 有 道A 査译：正文学习 + 逐句翻译 考 习题讲解 神 Wherever you go and for whatever reason, it’s important to Q1. What is mentioned as a be safe. While the majority of people you will meet when most common danger when travelling are sure to be friendly a，nd welcoming, (Q1) people go travelling abroad? there are dangers. Theft being the most common. 答案 A) Theft. 无论你去哪里，去做什么，安全很重要。尽管旅行时遇盗到的大多数人确 实友好、热情，(Q1)但危险仍然存在。最常见的是盗窃。 本题使用视听一致原则，the most common danger 及 theft Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone版 you 与原文视听一致。 meet to be friendly and helpful. It's important to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you 必 are travelling. 就像在你自己的国家一样，不要期望你遇到的每个人都友好且乐于助人。 究 重要的是旅行前做好准备和旅行时采取预防措施。 (Q2) As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the Q2. What is the most impor- right paperwork. You don't want to get to your destination, tant thing to do when you pre- only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your pare for your trip abroad? passport isn't valid anymore. Also, make sure you travel 答案 B) Have the right docu- with proper medical insurance, so that if you are sick or in- ments. jured during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. (Q2)准备旅行时，要确保证件无误。别在到达目的地后才发现拿错了签 本题使用同义替换原则，right 证，或者更惨，护照过期了。另外，确保你在旅行时有适当的医疗保险， documents (正确的文件/证件) 以便你在旅行中生病或受伤时接受治疗。 与原文中 right paperwork (正确 的证件)同义替换。 — 216 —LESSON 36 道路千万条，安全第一条 If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you Q3. What does the speaker have an international driver’s license. (Q3) When you get suggest you do when you ar- to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus rive at your destination? and taxi stands. Don’t accept rides from strangers who 答案 B) Use official transport. offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. 本题使用视听一致原则，use of- 如果你想在国外开车，一定要有国际驾照。(Q3)到达目的地后，乘坐官 ficial transport 与原文视听一致。 有 方授权的交通工具。一定要去公交车站和出租车站。别搭陌生人的车。 如果出租车上没有计价器，上车前商定好价格。 道 If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember考 to smile. It's the friendliest and most sin- cere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world! 神 如果你在旅行时想住便宜的旅馆，一定要确保房门可从屋内反锁。最后， 记得微笑。这是最友好、最真诚的交流方式，世界上任何地方的人都懂得！ ， 盗 同义替换小结 • Q2. right documents = right paperwork 版 重点词语解析 必 • crash [kræʃ] n. 失事，坠机 welcoming [ˈwelkəmɪŋ] adj. 热情的 究 precaution [prɪˈkɔːʃn] n. 预防措施 paperwork [ˈpeɪpərwɜːrk] n. 全部文件 destination [ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn] n. 目的地；终点 medical insurance 医疗保险 driver’s license 驾照 — 217 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 语音讲解 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L36，听老师讲解。 When you get to your destination, use ofÞcial transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. 1 TO 怎么放松 ? 所有元⾳音向央元⾳音 schwa 靠拢 — 218 — → ə tuː→tə → get to → + go to / get tə / → L 36 to / ɡoʊ tə / 2 offer you a lift → When you get to your destination, use ofÞcial transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. 1 TO 怎么放松 ? 所有元⾳音向央元⾳音 schwa 靠拢 glide W 圆唇→you (ww) +a → ə tuː→tə → get to → + go to / get tə / → L 36 to / ɡoʊ tə / 2 offer you a lift → 有 道 考 神 glide W 圆唇→you (ww) +a ， 逐句跟读 • 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L36。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 盗 版 必 DAY 2 究 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L36，完成终极听力测试。 终测第一组 听写填空 • When you get to your _________________, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don’t accept _____________ from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is noLESSON 36 道路千万条，安全第一条 _______________ in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in ____________ hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember to smile. It’s the __________________ and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be ________________ in any part of the world! 有 终测第二组 段落听写 • 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 219 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 A B B 有 习题第二组 1. majority; welcoming 2. Theft 3. in advance; precautions 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. destination 2. rides 3. meter 4. cheap 5. friendliest 6. understood 神 终测第二组 When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands. Don’t ac- ， cept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. Finally, remember to s盗mile. It’s the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world! 版 必 究 — 220 —LESSON 37 你的对手来自全世界 LESSON 37 教育篇 你的对手来自全世界 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，37，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you just heard. 版 1. A) The fierce competition in the market. B) The growing necessity of staff training. 必 C) The accelerated pace of globalization. D) The urgent need of a diverse workforce. 究 2. A) Gain a deep understanding of their own culture. B) Take courses of foreign languages and cultures. C) Share the experiences of people from other cultures. D) Participate in international exchange programmes. 3. A) Reflective thinking is becoming critical. B) Labor market is getting globalised. C) Knowing a foreign language is essential. D) Globalization will eliminate many jobs. — 221 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. One of the biggest challenges facing employers and educators today is the ___________________________ of globalization. 2. And this ____________________ a global-ready workforce. 有 3. Universities have ________________________________ in preparing students for the 21st century labor market. 道 4. Students who have _________________ another culture _______________ are more likely to be global-ready when they graduate. 考 神 A 査译：正文学习 + ， 逐句翻译 习题讲解 盗 (Q1) One of the biggest challenges facing employers版 and Q1. What is one of the biggest educators today is the rapid advance of globalization. The challenges facing employers market place is no longer national or regional, but extends and educators today? 必 to all corners of the world. And this requires a global-ready 答案 C) The accelerated pace workforce. of globalization. (Q1)如今，雇主和教育工作者面临的最大挑战之一是全球化的快速发展。 究 市场不再局限于国家或地区，而是延伸到世界的各地。这就需要劳动力 本题使用视听一致+同义替换 对全球市场做好准备。 原则，其中 accelerated pace (加速的步伐)与原文中的 rapid advance (快速推进)同义替换， Universities have a large part to play in preparing students globalization 与原文视听一致。 for the 21st century labor market by promoting internation- al educational experiences. 通过推广国际教育体验，大学可以在培养学生以适应21世纪的劳动力市 场方面发挥重要作用。 The most obvious way universities can help develop a global workforce is by encouraging students to study abroad as part of their course. Students who have expe- — 222 —LESSON 37 你的对手来自全世界 rienced another culture first-hand are more likely to be Q2. What should students global-ready when they graduate. do first before they can really understand other cultures? 大学培养全球劳动力最显而易见的方式是鼓励学生将出国留学作为课程 的一部分。亲身体验过另一种文化的学生更有可能在毕业时为全球化做 答案 A) Gain a deep 好准备。 understanding of their own culture. (Q2) It is important to point out that students also need to 有 have a deep understanding of their own culture before 本题使用视听一致+同义替 they can begin to observe, analyze and evaluate other 换原则，其中 gain 与原文中 cultures. 的 have 同 义 替 换，a deep 道 understanding of their own (Q2)有必要指出，学生在开始观察、解读和评价其他文化之前，也需要 culture 与原文视听一致。 深刻理解自己的文化。 考 In multicultural societies, people can study each other's Q3. What should college 神 cultures to develop intercultural competencies, such as students realize according to critical and reflective thinking and intellectual flexibility. the speaker? Many universities are already emb，racing this challenge 答案 B) Labor market is getting and providing opportunities for students to become global globalised. citizens. 盗 在多元文化社会中，人们可以研究彼此的文化，以发展跨文化能力，如 本题使用同义替换原则，labor 批判性和反思性思维以及思维灵活性。许多大学已经欣然迎接这一挑战， market is getting globalised 与 并为学生提供成为全球公民的机会。 版原文中的 a global labor market 同义替换。 (Q3) Students themselves, however, may not realize that 必 when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market. And universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates. 究 (Q3)然而，学生们自己可能没有意识到，他们毕业时将参与全球劳动力 市场的竞争。大学需要提高本科生对这些问题的认识。 同义替换小结 • Q1. accelerated pace = rapid advance Q2. gain = have Q3. labor market is getting globalized = a global labor market — 223 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 重点词语解析 • accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] v. (使)加速 diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] adj. 各种各样的 eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] v. 消除 advance [ədˈvɑːns] n. 进展，发展 promote [prəˈməʊt] v. 推广 有 multicultural [ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl] adj. 多元文化的 intercultural [ˌɪntəˈkʌltʃərəl] adj. 跨文化的 道 reflective [rɪˈflektɪv] adj. 深思的 awareness [əˈweənəs] n. 认识，意识 raise awarene考ss of sth. 提高对某事物的认识 神 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 ， And universities L 37 语音讲解 need to raise awareness 盗 • of these issues 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L37，听老师讲解。 amongst undergraduates. 版 1 And universities L 37 university awareness need to raise awareness of these issues /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsədi/ /əˈw必ernəs/ ə amongst undergraduates. 2 undergradu ates 1 究 university awareness /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒu ət/ glide (w) /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsədi/ /əˈwernəs/ ə 2逐句跟读 undergradu ates • /打ˌʌ开n有də道rˈ精ɡr品æ课dʒAuP əPt/“五步听力”L37。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 glide (w) — 224 —LESSON 37 你的对手来自全世界 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L37，完成终极听力测试。 终测道第一组 听写填空 • In __________考____________ societies, people can study each other’s cultures to develop intercultural _______________________, such as ________________ and ____________________ th神inking and intellectual flexibility. Many universities are already _________________ this challenge and providing opportunities for students to become _________________________. Stude，nts themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market. And universities need to ____________________ of these issues amon盗gst _____________________. 版 终测第二组 段落听写 • 必 究 — 225 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有 道 考 神 ， 参考答案 盗 Day 1 版 习题第一组 C A B 习题第二组 1. rapid advance 2. requires 3. a large part to play 4. experienced; first-hand 必 Day 2 究 终测第一组 1. multicultural 2. competencies 3. critical 4 reflective 5. embracing 6. global citizens 7. raise awareness 8. undergraduates 终测第二组 In multicultural societies, people can study each other’s cultures to develop intercultural competencies, such as critical and reflective thinking and intellectual flexibility. Many universities are already embracing this challenge and providing opportunities for students to become global citizens. Students themselves, however, may not realize that when they graduate, they will be competing in a global labor market. And universities need to raise awareness of these issues amongst undergraduates. — 226 —LESSON 38 保健因素 VS 激励因素 LESSON 38 工作篇 保健因素 VS 激励因素 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L，38，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 4 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) Job security. B) Good labor relations. C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages a必nd benefits. 2. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. 究 C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. 3. A) Offer them chances of promotion. B) Improve their working conditions. C) Encourage them to compete with each other. D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. 4. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. B) They concern a small number of people only. C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. — 227 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. It’s ______________ to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good ________________________________ and ___________________ motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued that such __________________ do not motivate workers. 有 2. Motivators, _____________________, include things such as having a challenging and inter道esting job, ______________________ and responsibility. 3. However, even with the development of computers and ______________, there are 考 always plenty of boring, ________________ and _________________ jobs and lots of un- skilled people who have to do them. 神 ， A 査译：正文学习 + 盗 逐句翻译 习题讲解 版 It's logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, Q1. What can actually mo- good working conditions, good wages and benefits and 必tivate workers according to job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Frederick Herzberg? Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate 答案 C) Ch究allenging work. workers. They are merely satisfiers (保健因素). 认为良好的劳动关系、工作条件、工资和福利以及工作保障等因素能激 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 励员工，这种观点合情合理，但专家弗雷德里克·赫茨伯格认为，这些 则，其中 challenging 与原文视 因素并不能激励员工。它们只是保健因素。 听一致；work 与原文中的 job 同 义替换。 (Q1) Motivators (激励因素), in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recogni- tion and responsibility. (Q1)相反，激励因素包括富有挑战性且有趣的工作内容、认可及责任。 However, (Q2) even with the development of computers Q2. What does the speaker say and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive about jobs in the computer era? — 228 —LESSON 38 保健因素 VS 激励因素 and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who 答案 A) Many tedious jobs have to do them. continue to be done manually. 然而，(Q2)即使随着计算机和机器人科学的发展，许多枯燥、重复和机 本题使用同义替换原则，tedious 械的工作也一直存在，也有许多缺乏技能、需要这些工作的人。 (单调乏味的)与原文中的 bor- ing, repetitive and mechanical So how do mangers motivate people in such jobs? One (无聊、重复和机械的)同义替 solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as indi- 换，manually (体力地)与 lots 有 viduals, but as part of a team. of unskilled people have to do them (很多缺乏技能的人需要去 那么，管理者如何激励从事这类工作的人呢？一个解决方案是赋予他们 做这些工作)同义替换。 一些责任，不道是作为个人，而是作为团队的一部分。 考 For example, (Q3) some supermarkets combine office Q3. What do some supermar- staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who kets do to motivate their em- work at the checkout into神 a team, and let them decide ployees? what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so 答案 D) Give them on (难句解析1). responsibilities as part of a ， 例如，(Q3)一些超市将办公室职员、理货员和收银员组成一个团队，让 team. 他们决定要为哪些产品线贮货、如何展示等。 盗 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 Many people now talk about the importance of a com- 则，team 与原文视听一致。Give them responsibilities (赋予他们 pany’s shared values or culture, with which all the staff 版责任)与 let them decide (让他 can identify: for example, being the best hotel chain, or 们决定)同义替换。 making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field (难句解析2). 必【难句解析1】听到 combine 后 现在，许多人都在谈论所有员工都认同的公司共同价值观或文化的重要 面长长的内容，别慌，只需了解 性：例如，成为最好的连锁酒店，或在某一特定领域做出最出色、最好 combine 后面是三类人(即办公 用或最可靠的产品。 室职员、究理货员和收银员)。本句 主要结构很简单：Supermarkets combine A, B and C into a team, and let them do X, Y (超 市让 A、B、C 组队，一起做 X、 Y 等任务)。 【难句解析2】本句难点：with which 是啥？with 是哪来的？其 实只是 identify with (意为“认同”) 被拆开，在定语从句中倒装，修饰 逗号前的 shared values or cul- ture。换一个简单的表达方式就是 shared values or culture that all the staff can identify with (所 — 229 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 有员工都认同的公司共同价值观或 文化)。 (Q4) Such values are more likely to motivate workers Q4. Why does the speaker than financial targets which automatically only concern say financial targets are less a few people. Unfortunately, there's only a limited number likely to motivate workers? of such goals to go around, and by definition, not all the 有 答案 B) They concern a small competing companies in an industry can seriously claim number of people only. to be the best. 道 (Q4)比起只与少数人相关的财务指标，这样的价值观更容易激励员工。 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 只可惜，这种目标数量有限，而且根据定义，一个行业中并非所有的竞 则，其中 concern 和 people 与 争公司都能真正称得上最好。 原文视听一致；a small number 考 of (少量的)与 a few (几个，少量) 同义替换。 神 同义替换小结 ， • Q1. work = job 盗 Q2. tedious = boring, repetitive and mechanical manually = lots of unskilled people have to do them Q3. give them responsibilities = let them decide 版 Q4. a few = a small number of 必 重点词语解析 • 究 job security 工作保障 wage [weɪdʒ] n. 工资 benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. 利益；[复数 benefits]福利 recognition [ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn] n. 认可 repetitive [rɪˈpetətɪv] adj. 重复乏味的 mechanical [məˈkænɪkl] adj. 机械般的 motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激励 — 230 —LESSON 38 保健因素 VS 激励因素 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 However, even with the L 38 横向宽了了⼀一点点，别压缩 development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, 语音讲解 repetitive and mechanical jobs, • and lots of unskilled people 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L38，听老师讲解。 who have to do them. 有 However, even with the 1 L 38 横co向m宽p了了ut⼀一er点s a点n，d r别ob压o缩tics development of computers and robotics, zən there道 are always plenty of boring, aanndd repetitive and mechanical jobs, 2 plenty of boring of and lots of unskilled people jə 考 who have to do them. 1 逐co句m跟pu读ters and r神obotics zən • aanndd 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L38。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 2 ， plenty of boring of jə 盗 DAY 2 版 必 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 究 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L38，完成终极听力测试。 终测第一组 听写填空 • It’s logical to suppose that things like _____________________________, good working conditions, _______________________________ and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg ______________ that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are ________________ satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, _______________ things such as having a ___________________ and interesting job, ________________ and responsibility. — 231 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 终测第二组 段落听写 • 提示：专有名词 Fredrick Herzberg 可以用 FH 代替。 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 拓展 拓 双因素激励理论(dual-factor theory)又称激励因素-保健因素理论，由美国的行为科学家弗雷德里克·赫 茨伯格(Fredrick Herzberg)提出。激励因素包括工作本身、认可、成就和责任，一份工作若有良好的激励因素 可使员工产生积极的行为。保健因素包括公司政策和管理、技术监督、薪水、工作条件以及人际关系等。良好 的保健因素会令员工满意，维持原有工作效率，因此也称满意因素，但并不能激励员工产生更积极的行为。若 保健因素达不到员工期望，则会引起员工不满。 — 232 —LESSON 38 保健因素 VS 激励因素 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 C A D B 有 习题第二组 1. logical; wages and benefits; job security; conditions 2. in contrast; recognition 3. robotics; repetitive; mechanical 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. good labor relations 2. good wages and benefits 3. argued 4. merely 5. include 神 6. challenging 7. recognition 终测第二组 ， It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued that such 盗 conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. 版 必 究 — 233 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 39 科普篇 1 欧罗巴，木卫二 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L3，9，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. 必 C) Life-forming was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved. 究 2. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earths. C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long. 3. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. 1编者注：木卫二(Europa)在1610年被伽利略发现，是木星的第六颗已知卫星和第四大卫星，在伽利略发现的卫 星中离木星第二近。 — 234 —LESSON 39 欧罗巴，木卫二 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. Since early times, people have been ____________________ with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. 2. But now they are beginning to _______________ places where life could ____________. 有 3. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own ___________ system. 4. Space ______________ have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its 道 surface. 考 神 A 査译：正文学习 + ， 逐句翻译 习题讲解 盗 Since early times, people have been fascinated with the Q1. What did scientists once idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. (Q1) believe according to the pas- Until recently, scientists believed that life on other p 版 lanets sage? was just a hopeful dream. 答案 C) Life-forming was not 很久以来，人类一直对地球之外存在生命这一想法着迷。(Q1)直到最近， 必 possible in outer space. 科学家认为，其它星球存在生命，不过是一个充满希望的幻想。 本题使用同义替换原则，其中 in 究 But now they are beginning to locate places where life outer space (在外太空)与原文 could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near 中的 on other planets (在其他 星球)同义替换，not possible (不 other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life 可能)与 just a hopeful dream could be even nearer in our own solar system. (只是充满希望的幻想)同义替换。 但现在，他们开始定位可能出现生命的地方。1997年，他们发现了类似 太阳的其他恒星附近存在行星的证据。但科学家们现在认为，在距我们 更近的太阳系中甚至还可能存在生命。 (Q2) One place scientists are studying very closely is Eu- Q2. What have scientists ropa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided found about Europa, a moon evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. of Jupiter? The probes have also made scientists think that under its — 235 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. 答案 C) It has a large ocean under its surface. (Q2)科学家们正在密切研究的是木卫二，木星的卫星之一。太空探测器 提供的证据显示，木卫二表层下有大片海洋。根据探测资料，科学家还 本题使用视听一致原则，has a 认为木卫二表层下有释放火山热量的岩石内核。 large ocean under its surface 与原文视听一致。 有 Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic Q3. What have scientists conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic come to know recently about chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists the formation of life? 道 believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom 答案 A) Light is not an essen- of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or tial element to it. may be about to. 考 来自火山活动的水分与热量是生命出现所需的两个基本条件。第三个基 本题使用视听一致原则，essen- 本条件是某些必要的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家认为，木卫二的 tial 与原文视听一致。原文末尾 神 海底可能存在这样的化学物质。它们可能已经或者即将创造生命。 提及“Until recently, scientists thought that light was essen- tial” (不久以前，科学家还一直 (Q3) You may wonder if light is also n，eeded for life to form. 认为光是必备条件)，但重点在 Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. but 转折之后：不见光的洞穴中存 But now, places have been found on earth that are in total 盗在生命，因此光并不是必要条件。 blackness such as caves several miles beneath the sur- face. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. 版 (Q3)你可能想知道光是否也是生命形成的必要条件。不久以前，科学家 还一直认为光是必备条件。但现在，在地球上已经发现了完全黑暗的地方， 必 比如地表下几英里的洞穴，那里存在着生命的原始形态——细菌。 So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t 究 automatically rule out life forming. 因此，木卫二表层下的海洋缺乏光线并不意味着无法出现生命。 同义替换小结 • Q1. in outer space = on other planets not possible = just a hopeful dream — 236 —LESSON 39 欧罗巴，木卫二 重点词语解析 • moon [muːn] n. 卫星 fascinated [ˈfæsɪneɪtɪd] adj 入迷的；极感兴趣的 probe [prəʊb] n. [= space probe] (不载人)航天探测器 volcanic [vɒlˈkænɪk] adj. 火山的 nitrogen [ˈnaɪtrədʒən] n. 氮；氮气 有 chemical [ˈkemɪkl] n. 化学物质 beneath [bɪˈniːθ] prep. 在……下面 道 primitive [ˈprɪmətɪv] adj. 原始的 rule out 使……不可能 考 读：语音学习神及逐句跟读 ， 语音讲解 L 39 Space probes have provided evidence • that Europa has a large ocean 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L39，听老盗师讲解。 under its surface. 1 L 39 Space probes have provided evidence Spa版ce probes have have that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. 送⽓气⾳音本⼈人 必s 也送⽓气 1 例例: 读 s 的同时 h 就读完了了 Space probes have have Crews have managed to səv 送⽓气⾳音本⼈人 provide heat packs 究 s 也送⽓气 and blankets to the miners. 例例: 读 s 的同时 h 就读完了了 Crews have managed to 逐句sə跟v 读 provide heat packs • and blankets to the miners. 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L39。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 — 237 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L39，完成终极听力测试。 终测第道一组 听写填空 • You may _______考________ if light is also _______________ for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was ________________. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total ___神________________ such as caves several miles ________________ the surface. And bacteria, _________________________ of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-su，rface ocean doesn’t automatically _________________ life forming. 盗 终测第二组 段落听写 版 • 必 究 — 238 —LESSON 39 欧罗巴，木卫二 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 参考答案 版 Day 1 习题第一组 C C A 必 习题第二组 1. fascinated 2. locate; form 3. solar 4. probes 究 Day 2 终测第一组 1. wonder 2. needed 3. essential 4. blackness 5. beneath 6. primitive forms 7. rule out 终测第二组 You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming. — 239 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 LESSON 40 经济篇 全球失业潮，老板压力小？ 有 道 DAY 1 考 听：热身测试神 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L4，0，听音频。 习题第一组 单选 盗 • Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard. 版 1. A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis. B) The worsening real wage situation around the world. 必 C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States. D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life. 究 2. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages. B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees. C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations. D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals. 3. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis. B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed. C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs. D) Team work will be encouraged in companies. — 240 —LESSON 40 全球失业潮，老板压力小？ 习题第二组 听写填空 • 1. A recent International Labor Organization report says the ____________________ of real wages around the world ________________________ the true extent of an economic ________________, especially if government rescue __________________ are phased out too early. 有 2. The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year despite ___道________________ of an economic rebound. 考 A 査译：神正文学习 + 逐句翻译 ， 习题讲解 盗 (Q1) A recent International Labor Organization report says Q1. What is the International the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into Labour Organization report question the true extent of an economic recovery, 版espe- mainly about? cially if government rescue packages are phased out too 答案 B) The worsening real early. The report warns the picture on wages is likely to 必wage situation around the get worse this year despite indications of an economic re- world. bound. (Q1)最近，国际劳工组织的一份报告称，全球实际工资水平的下降令人 本题使用究视听一致+同义替换原 对经济复苏的真实程度产生质疑，尤其是如果政府的救助计划过早停止。 则，其中 real wage 和 around 该报告警示，尽管有迹象显示经济出现反弹，但今年的工资状况可能会 the world 与原文视听一致； 变得更糟。 worsening situation (情况恶化) 与 deterioration (恶化)同义 替换。 Patrick Belser, an International Labor Organization spe- cialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment. 国际劳工组织专家帕特里克·贝尔瑟表示，工资下降与失业水平有关。 “The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries strongly suggest that there will — 241 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 be greater pressure on wages in the future as more peo- Q2. According to an Interna- ple will be unemployed, (Q2) more people will be looking tional Labour Organization for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second looking for jobs? part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.” 答案 A) They will feel less “现在，有些国家的失业数据相当夸张，这清晰地表明，未来的工资压 pressure to raise employ- 有 力会更大，因为随着失业者越来越多，(Q2)求职也会增多，所以雇主提 ees' wages. 高工资来吸引员工的压力会减轻。因此，我们预计今年下半年的工资增 长不容乐观。” 本题使用视听一致+同义替换 道 原则，其中 pressure to raise wages 与原文视听一致；less The report finds more than a quarter of the countries ex- 与 decline 同义替换，employ- perienced flat or fa考lling monthly wages in real terms. They ees 与 workers 同义替换。 include the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany. International Labor Organization econo- mists say some nations have神 come up with policies to less- en the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. 该报告显示，包括美国、奥地利、哥斯达黎加，、南非和德国在内，超过 四分之一的国家出现了实际月工资水平持平或下降。国际劳工组织的经 济学家称，一些国家已出台政策，以减轻经济危机期间工资下降的影响。 盗 (Q3) An example of these is Work Sharing with government Q3. What does the speaker 版 subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual mean by the work-sharing working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For scheme? this scheme to work, the government must provide wage 必 答案 C) Employees work subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter shorter hours to avoid layoffs. hours. 究 (Q3)其中一种做法是政府补贴共享工作。该项计划以减少个人工作时长 本题使用视听一致+同义替换原 的方式来避免裁员。为使这一计划发挥作用，政府必须提供工资补贴， 则，其中 work hours 和 avoid 以补偿因缩短工时的工资损失。 layoffs 与原文视听一致；shorter 与 the number of … is reduced 同义替换。 同义替换小结 • Q1. worsening situation = deterioration Q2. less = decline employees = workers Q3. shorter work hours= the number of individual working hours is reduced — 242 —LESSON 40 全球失业潮，老板压力小？ 重点词语解析 • indication [ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 表明；显示 deterioration [dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn] n. 恶化 call sth. into question 怀疑；引起怀疑 package [ˈpækɪdʒ] n. 一套，一揽子(计划、措施等) phase out 逐步废除 有 rebound [ˈriːbaʊnd] n. 反弹；复兴，振作 decline [dɪˈklaɪn] v./n. 下降 道 flat [flæt] adj. 持平的 come up with 想出，提出 impact 考 [ˈɪmpækt] n. 影响 subsidy [ˈsʌbsədi] n. 补贴 scheme [skiːm] n. 计划；方案；体系 神 layoff [ˈleɪ ɔːf] n. 解雇；失业 A recent ， International Labor Organization L 40 report says 读：语音学习及逐句跟读 盗the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent 语音讲解 版 of an economic recovery, especially • if government rescue packages 打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L40，听老师讲解。 are phased out too early. 必 1 A recent deterioration deteriorate International Labor Organization /dLɪˌ t4ɪ 0 riə ˈreɪʃn/ /d 究 ɪˈtɪ riə reɪt/ report says 例例: the deterioration His health is deteriorating, of real wages around the world and the disease calls into question the true extent is progressing rapidly. — Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early. 1 逐de句te跟rio读ration deteriorate /dɪˌtɪ riə ˈreɪʃn/ /dɪˈtɪ riə reɪt/ • 打例例开:有道精品课APP“五步听力”L40。按自己的语速，每句跟读三遍。 His health is deteriorating, and the disease is progressing rapidly. — Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) — 243 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 DAY 2 裸听 + 听写：终极测试 + 有打开有道精品课APP“五步听力”L40，完成终极听力测试。 终测第道一组 多选 • 听录音，勾选与题干词语可以同义替换的选项。 考 1. unemployed A □ B □ C □ 神D □ E □ F □ 2. decline A □ B □ C □ D □ E， □ F □ G □ 3. impact A □ B □ C □ D □ E □ 盗 4. scheme A □ B □ C □ D □ E □ 版 必 终测第二组 段落听写 • 究 — 244 —LESSON 40 全球失业潮，老板压力小？ 有 道 考 神 ， 盗 版 必 究 — 245 —五步法吃透大学英语听力 参考答案 Day 1 习题第一组 B A C 有 习题第二组 1. deterioration; calls into question; recovery; packages 2. indications 道 Day 2 考 终测第一组 1. ACDEF 听力原文：A. Job losses B. Job creation C. be fired D. be dismissed E. be laid off F. jobless 神 2. ACDEFG 听力原文：A. decrease B. incline C. refuse D. deteriorate E. become worse F. fall G become less ， 3. ABCE 听力原文：A. consequences B. effect C. result D. infect E. result 4. ABCDE 听力原文：A. schedule B. plan C. program D. system E. arrangement 盗 终测第二组 International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies to lessen 版 the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. An example of these is Work Sharing with government subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to 必 compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours. 究 — 246 —