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LESSON 41 关注面子的人越来越多了
The global cosmetics industry makes a ton of money. That includes
shampoo, makeup, perfume, cologne, deodorant, soap. The list goes
on. Analysts expect the industry’s revenue 神to grow within the next 4
years to more than $379 billion.
全球化妆品行业特别赚钱。这个行业包括洗发液、化妆品、香水、古龙水、除臭剂、肥皂。
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还有很多其他东西。分析师预计，未来四年内，该行业的收益会增长到超过 3790 亿美元。
But when you break down that number, it’s skin care that’s driving
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much of the growth. And it’s not slowing down.
不过如果你仔细分析这个数字，其实是护肤品主要在带动增长，且增速不会放缓。
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We’ve interviewed three people about the most expensive skin care
items they’ve used:
我们就“你所用过最贵的护肤品”这一问题采访了三个人：
“I’ve used moisturizers upwards in like 250-dollar range.”
“我用过最贵的保湿霜大概在250美元这一档。”
“The most expensive single item would be around 50 dollars. I try not
to spend more than 50 for like an essence or moisturizer.”“(我用过的)最贵的单品大概50美元。我买精华或保湿霜尽量不超过50美元。”
“Probably like this really expensive moisturizer that I kind of got
conned into buying for about 150 dollars.”
“(我买过的最贵的)大概是一个超贵的保湿霜，别人骗我神买的，大概150美元。”
Skin care is a big moneymaker for big beauty brands. Over the last 5
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years, skin care has grown so much that it’s become the largest piece
of the pie when you break apart the beauty industry by product
category.
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美妆大牌都靠护肤品赚大钱。在过去五年里，护肤品营收增长之多，以至于按产品分类的情
况下，它已成为美妆产业中最大的分支。
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What’s really driving a lot of that performance is actually wellness and
health, and really natural brands. That’s what’s really driving the
performance of skincare.
强力带动增长的其实是健康与保健，还有真正选材自然的品牌，这些才真正带动护肤品收益
增长。
Wellness doesn’t mean just being healthy. In 2019, it means clean
eating, the latest fitness fads and the no-makeup look, which actually
does involve some makeup. At any rate, the wellness trend is drivingconsumers to take better care of their skin.
健康并不只是单纯的身体健康。在2019年，这表示用餐洁净、最近的健身热潮还有无妆感，
“无妆感”其实还是要用些化妆品。无论如何，这种健康潮流在引领消费者更认真地护肤。
LESSON 42 塑料袋其实比纸袋环保
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Plastic bags seem to be one of the most hated things on the planet.
But did you know that when it comes to things like climate change,
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paper and cotton bags are actually much worse for the planet than
plastic? In fact, the plastic bag was originally invented to help save the
planet. 道
塑料袋似乎是全世界最招人恨的东西之一。但你知道吗，实际上，对
于气候变化这类情况，纸袋和棉布袋比塑料对环境的伤害更大。事实
有
上，发明塑料袋的本意是促进地球环境保护。
Sten Gustaf Thulin is credited with inventing the plastic bag we know
today back in Sweden in 1959. Sten had an idea. He worked out if he
could create a strong bag that was light and would last for ages, then
people could use it over and over again. And that would mean fewer
trees being chopped down, which would be better for the
environment.斯腾·古斯塔夫·图林于 1959 年在瑞典发明了我们如今使用的塑料袋。
斯腾有个想法。他想，如果能创造一种轻质、耐用的袋子，人们就能
一直重复使用。这就相当于减少了对树木的砍伐，对环境更有益。
Problem is, these bags were so convenient神 that we humans got lazy.
We just throw them away after we were done with them.
问题是，这些袋子太好用了，我们人类变懒了，塑料袋用完即弃。
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Paper carrier bags ... they use more energy, they use a lot of water to
produce and they’re heavier as well. So, depending on where they’re
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made, there’s an extra environmental impact of transporting them to
the shops. Cotton bags are even worse. Cotton uses a lot of water and
it is quite an intensive crop to produce.
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生产纸袋会消耗更多能源，需用大量的水，而且它们更重。视其生产
地而定，将它们运输到商店还会产生额外的环境影响。棉布袋更差劲，
要用大量的水，而且棉花是高度集约生产的农作物。
To be as environmentally friendly as a single use plastic bag that’s
getting recycled, a paper bag has to be used at least 3 times. While
cotton bags need to be used at least 131 times to have the same
environmental impact as a single use plastic bag which gets recycled.
与一个用后即被回收的一次性塑料袋相比，一个纸袋至少要用三次才能和前者一样环保，而棉布袋则需至少使用 131 次，其产生的环境影
响才同样小。
LESSON 43 机器人时代的来临
逐句翻译 神
By 2020, Japan plans on integrating more robots into society than
anywhere else on earth, but what does that mean for us? Are they
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going to replace humans or enhance them? Or just be non-stop
dance partners?
到 2020 年，日本打算让更多机器人融入社会，数量全球第一，但这
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对我们来说意味着什么？它们会取代人类还是为人类赋能？或者仅
仅是永不停歇的舞伴？
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Erika is one of the most human-like robots on earth. Her creator sees
a future where robots like her will replace people in certain jobs. She
may not be able to walk because right now her legs do not work.
埃丽卡是世界上最像人类的机器人之一。她的发明者设想，未来，她
这样的机器人会在某些工作中取代人工——任何需要坐着的工作，因
为目前她的腿还不能用。
OK, let’s not dwell on the downsides. According to Dr. Hiroshi Ishiguro,
she’d be a perfect fit for specific roles, like a receptionist, because shecan communicate but never needs a lunch break.
好吧，咱们别总想着缺点。据石黑浩博士所说，她会非常适合一些特
定职位，比如接待员，因为她能与人沟通，而从来不用午休。
OK, so there’s still plenty of work out there 神for us, or is there? Here in
Sasebo humans are being squeezed out at this restaurant which is
testing out robots in all sorts of roles.
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好吧，其实还有很多工作岗位留给我们，或者并没有？日本佐世保市
的这家餐厅正在测试，各种岗位都由机器人任职，人都被机器人挤走
了。
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The government is investing more than half a billion dollars
nationwide into its project, the Robot Revolution Initiative. So, will all
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these new robots actually change our everyday lives? If anyone would
know, it’s Dr. Masahiro Mori (森政弘).
日本政府在全国范围内对机器人革命倡议这一项目投资超十亿美元。
所以，所有这些新型机器人真的会改变我们的日常生活？如果说有谁
知道的话，一定是森政弘博士。
After inventing a few robots of his own, he spent decades on
groundbreaking research. He’s most famous for a theory called the
“uncanny valley”, which explains why human-like robots can seemcreepy.
在自己发明了一些机器人后，他用数十年进行开创性的研究。他因“恐
怖谷理论”而闻名，该理论解释了为什么与人类相似的机器人看起来
很诡异。
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OK, doctor, so after dedicating your life to studying robots, will this
robot revolution be a good thing or a bad one?
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那么，博士先生，您此生投身于机器人研究，请问此次的机器人革命
会是件好事还是坏事呢？
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To decide whether it’s good or bad, you can kill someone with a knife,
right? However, you can also do a simple operation with this tool too.
And in that way, it can save somebody’s life.
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要论它是好是坏，你能用刀杀人，对吗？然而，你也可以用它做简单
的手术，这样，就是救人性命了。
So, whether robots can kill people or save people is up to us. Well,
that’s encouraging.
所以，机器人是杀人还是救人，取决于我们。可以，这是令人鼓舞的LESSON 44 人脸识别
From China to the United States, facial recognition technology is being used and tested.
从中国到美国，就像洛杉矶国际机场这样，面部识别技术被投入使用及测试。
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For surveillance, you can catch the face in public and find what you want to find; and for
commercial use, you can find VIPs when they come to the store, so you can provide special
services for them.
用于监控，你可以在公共场合找到你想找的人；商业用途上，你可以在贵宾来商店的时候认
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出他们，这样你就可以为他们提供特别的服务。
Great advances have been made in facial recognition technology in recent years.
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Machines can now match faces even when the lighting isn’t good or when a full shot of the
face is not available. A side shot or moving image of the face may be enough for artificial
intelligence to make a match.
近年来，面部识别技术取得了很大的进步。机器目前即使在光线不佳或无法获得完整的人脸
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正面照时也能进行匹配。侧面照或人脸移动图像，就足以供人工智能进行匹配。
“Where this is going is very exciting. Think about everyday items that we have that are
going away. Our house keys, our car keys, our ATM cards, our passwords are all starting
to go away and instead, we’re going to be using facial recognition. Smartphones, of course
now are using facial recognition. Laptops have facial recognition on them.”
“未来的发展非常振奋人心。那么，我们想到现在正在逐渐淡出生活的日常物品。房子的钥
匙、车钥匙、ATM卡、密码都开始消失，取而代之将是面部识别。当然，智能手机现在就在
用面部识别。笔记本电脑上有面部识别功能。”
The ability to capture an image of a person without consent comes with privacy concerns.The biggest concern in the US is not necessarily about the government. It’s the big
companies where there are really no limits on how they can share data, what they can use
it for and how they can exploit it.
在未经同意的情况下拍摄一个人的照片会涉及隐私问题。在美国，人们最深的忧虑并不一定
与政府相干，而在于大型公司，在它们如何共享数据、使用数据以及利用数据为自身谋利方
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面，确实没有任何限制。”
Facial recognition researchers say a social framework should be created to guide the use
of this technology so it can be used safely to benefit society and not exploit it.
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面部识别研究人员表示，应该建立一个社会框架来指导这项技术的使用，这样它才能安全地
造福社会，而不是被出于私利地利用。
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LESSON 45 万物相连
It sounds appealing while barely lifting a finger, you set your thermostat, start your
有
coffeemaker, turn on the lights, fire up your favorite playlist. But what if the price of that
convenience is your private information?
这听起来很吸引人，你几乎仅需动一根手指，就可以设置恒温器，启动咖啡机，开灯，打开
你最喜欢的播放列表。但如果这种便利是以你的私人信息为代价呢？
All of those connected gadgets carrying out all these useful jobs are part of what’s become
known as the Internet of Things.
进行着这些有用工作的所有连接设备，都是逐渐为人所知的物联网的一部分。
And their increased prevalence in everyday life is forcing everyone to consider a
fundamental give and take: comfort or privacy?
它们在日常生活中越来越普遍，迫使每个人去考虑一个基本的取舍问题：舒适还是隐私？Tech companies, wireless carriers and all manner of startups are racing to connect
whatever they can. And the benefits have been self-evident.
科技公司、无线运营商和各种各样的初创公司都在竞相把能连接的东西连接上。好处不言而
喻。
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Smart speakers can answer questions, order groceries or book a reservation. Electronic
monitors can let patients leave hospitals sooner or allow seniors to live at home for longer.
智能音箱可以回答问题、订购杂货或进行预订。电子监控器可以让病人更早出院，也可以让
老年人在家里多住一段时间。
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Looking forward, the worldwide adoption of 5G mobile technology will allow more IOT
devices to talk to each other without human intervention at previously unreachable speeds.
展望未来，5G移动道技术的全球应用将允许更多物联网设备在没有人工干预的情况下，以前
所未有的速度互相沟通。
That means homes that look after themselves and cars that take over the driving. As far
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as industrial applications, think smart factories and warehouses that can fulfill their own
orders or notify supervisors about problems.
这意味着房屋可自动照看，车也能自动驾驶。至于工业应用，想一想智能工厂和仓库，它们
能自己完成订单，或将问题通知主管。
And yet this promise comes with potential downsides for the customers who own these
devices. There’s security or the lack thereof. Even if individual IOT devices are secure,
more devices mean more vulnerabilities.
但所有这些迹象对于拥有这些设备的顾客来说都伴随着潜在的不利方面。比如安全，或者说
安全漏洞。即使个人的物联网设备是安全的，更多设备意味着更多安全漏洞。
In one such example, hackers access the digital thermometer in a casinos aquarium and
work their way from there through the casinos network to gain access to its database ofhigh rollers.
在一个此类案例中，黑客进入赌场水族馆的数字温度计，然后在这里通过赌场网络得到进入
赌场豪赌客数据库的机会。
Things start to get scarier when you imagine malware infecting a self-driving car or a
surgical medical device.
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想想看，恶意软件要是让一辆自动驾驶汽车或手术医疗设备中毒，那就更可怕了。
There’s also the question of utility. Does your baby really need a smart diaper? Does your
pet need a smart door? Does the function of all these IOT devices make up for the
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increased electronic waste that they create?
还有效用的问题。你的宝宝真的需要智能尿布吗？你的宠物需要智能门吗？所有这些物联网
设备的功能是否弥补得了它们产出越来越多的电子垃圾这一缺点？也许我们应该问问
Alexa(亚马逊智能道音箱)。
“I don’t understand.”
“我没听懂。”
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LESSON 46 大兴国际机场
China is no stranger to record-breaking infrastructure projects. Already home to the world’s
largest dam, longest ocean crossing and most extensive high-speed rail network, the
country has now completed one of the largest airports ever conceived.
中国的基础设施建设项目经常破纪录，已经拥有世界上最大的水坝、最长的跨海通道和覆盖
范围最广的高铁网络，如今中国又建成了有史以来规模最大的机场之一。
Since China is one of the world’s largest economies, the demand for air travel in and outof China is extreme.
作为世界上最大的经济体之一，进出中国的航空旅行需求极为旺盛。
As the nation’s centre of political power and as the second-largest city in a country of more
than 1.3 billion people, the pressure on Beijing is particularly intense.
中国是有着13亿人口的国家，北京作为政治中心和第二大城市，面临的压力尤其巨大。
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To alleviate pressure and safeguard Beijing’s economic growth, a new hub was conceived.
为了缓解压力并保证北京的经济增长，新枢纽应运而生。
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With initial proposals suggesting 9 runways and capacity for 200 million passengers each
year, the vast Daxing International was originally intended to replace Beijing Capital as the
city’s main airport.
最初的提议是建立道九条跑道，旅客吞吐量达每年两亿，庞大的大兴国际机场原本旨在取代北
京首都国际机场，成为北京最主要的机场。
Initially constructed with 4 runways and capacity for 72 million passengers each year,
有
Daxing International can be expanded to 7 runways and could serve up to 100 million
passengers annually when fully developed.
大兴国际机场最初建有四条跑道，每年旅客吞吐量达7200万人次，但现在可以扩展到七条
跑道，全面建成后，每年可为多达一亿旅客提供服务。
Plans for the new airport were released by Zaha Hadid1 Architects in early 2015.
Collaborating with airport specialists ADPI2 on the main terminal building, Hadid moved
away from the linear model of airport design which often created sprawling facilities and
instead introduced a six-pointed star arrangement that puts passengers less than 600
metres, around an eight-minute walk, from any departure gate.
编者注：
1 扎哈·哈迪德（1950~2016）伊拉克裔英国女建筑师。
2 ADPI：法国巴黎机场集团建筑设计公司扎哈·哈迪德建筑师事务所（Zaha Hadid Architects）于2015年初发布了新机场的规划。主
要航站楼的设计与专攻机场设计的巴黎机场集团建筑设计公司(ADPI)合作，哈迪德没有采用
通常占地极大的直线型机场设计模型，而是采用了六角星形的布局，让乘客从任何登机口都
只需步行少于600米，也就是大约八分钟。
While one arm of the building operates as an administrative centre, the remaining five
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accommodate the airport’s 79 departure gates.
该六角形建筑的其中一角作为行政中心；机场的79个登机口在其余五角中。
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LESSON 47 台风海贝斯 3
At least 18 people are confirmed to have died in Japan and a dozen
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more are missing after one of the most powerful storms there in
decades. Typhoon Hagibis has now moved back into the Pacific after
bringing record amounts of rainfall to large areas of the country.
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日本几十年来最强烈的风暴之一已造成至少 18 人死亡，十几人失踪。
台风海贝思给该国大范围区域带来空前的降雨量，现在又回到了太平
洋。
Rivers are swollen and homes have been buried under landslides. The
Japanese government has deployed tens of thousands of soldiers who
try to help the rescue effort.
河流水位上涨，许多房屋已被山体滑坡掩埋。日本政府已经部署了数
3 编者注：Typhoon Hagibis 台风海贝斯，2019年太平洋台风季第19个被命名的风暴。万名极力救援的士兵。
This is the town of Chikuma（千曲市，位于日本长野县北部） in the
Japanese Alps（日本阿尔卑斯山脉，是日本本州中部山脉）, much of
it now under water. Last night the levees 神here burst and the brown
floodwaters came rushing in.
这是日本阿尔卑斯山脉千曲市的城镇，现在大部分被水淹没。昨晚此
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处的堤坝决堤，褐色的洪水涌了进来。
This town is far from the coast, people here were not expecting
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anything like this and many had not heeded warnings to evacuate.
This morning, they took to their roofs and balconies as military
helicopters hovered overhead.
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该镇距海岸很远，当地人没想到会出这种事，很多人没有注意疏散警
告。今天早上，军用直升机在头顶盘旋，他们跑上了自家屋顶和阳台。
It has been a race against time to get them out as floodwaters
threatened to sweep away some of the homes.
洪水可能随时会冲毁一些房屋，救人是一场与时间的赛跑。
Nearby a row of shiny bullet trains stands stranded amid the
floodwaters, tens of millions of dollars in damage here alone.附近，一列闪闪发光的高速列车被困在洪水中，仅这一处就损失了数
千万美元。
The water came up higher than my head in the house, it turned over
all the furniture inside. It’s like a washing m神achine now.
房子里的水涨过了我的头，把里面所有的家具都冲翻了。现在房子就
像一台洗衣机。
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The scale of this storm has been astonishing. The area affected
stretches for more than a thousand kilometers, the same distance as
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Cornwall to Edinburgh.
这场风暴规模惊人。受灾地区绵延一千多公里，相当于康沃尔到爱丁
堡的距离。
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LESSON 48 喵星人
They’re cute, they’re lovable, and judging by the 26 billion views of
over 2 million YouTube videos of them pouncing, bouncing, climbing,
cramming, stalking, clawing, chattering, and purring, one thing is
certain: cats are very entertaining.
它们很可爱，它们惹人喜欢，Youtube上200多万个视频都是它们猛扑、蹦跳、爬高、把自
己塞进狭小空间、潜行、抓挠、碎碎念、打呼，这些视频有260亿点击量，可以肯定地说：
猫很有趣。These somewhat strange feline behaviors, both amusing and baffling,
leave many of us asking, "Why do cats do that?”
猫科动物这些有点奇怪的习惯，既有趣又令人疑惑，让很多人想问：“猫为什么这样做？”
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Throughout time, cats were simultaneously solitary predators of
smaller animals and prey for larger carnivores. While the feline actions
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of your house cat Grizmo might seem perplexing, in the wild, these
same behaviors, naturally bred into cats for millions of years, would
make Grizmo a super cat.
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一直以来，猫既是独行的捕食性动物，又是更大型食肉动物的猎物。虽然你的家猫 Grizmo
表现出的猫科举动或许看起来奇怪，但在野外，恰恰是猫数百万年来自然养成的这些行为习
惯，赋予Grizmo强悍的能力。
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Enabled by their unique muscular structure and keen balancing
abilities, cats climbed to high vantage points to survey their territory
and spot prey in the wild.
凭借其独特的肌肉结构和敏捷的平衡能力，在野外，猫爬上高处，视察其领地，并发现猎物。
As wild predators, cats are opportunistic and hunt whenever prey is
available. Since most cat prey are small, cats in the wild needed to eat
many times each day, and use a ‘stalk, pounce, kill, eat strategy’ to stayfed. This is why Grizmo prefers to chase and pounce on little toys and
eat small meals over the course of the day and night.
作为野生捕食性动物，猫是机会主义者，只要有猎物，它们就会捕食。因为猫的大多数猎物
很小，它们在野外需要每天吃好几顿，并使用“追踪、突袭、杀死、吃掉的策略”保证进食。
这就是Grizsmo喜欢追逐、扑向小玩具以及整天少食多餐神的原因。
In the wild, cats needed sharp claws for climbing, hunting, and self-
考
defense. Sharpening their claws on nearby surfaces kept them
conditioned and ready, helped stretch their back and leg muscles, and
relieve some stress, too.
道
在野外，猫需要用锋利的爪子攀爬、捕猎和自卫。在附近的地面上磨爪子能让它们保持适应
的状态，做好准备，有助于伸展背部和腿部肌肉，还能缓解一些压力。
有
LESSON 49 全球贫困分类
Poverty has become a critical issue in today’s world. It concerns not only us sociologists,
but also economists, politicians and business people. Poverty has been understood in
many different ways. One useful way is to distinguish between three degrees of poverty—
extreme poverty, moderate poverty, and relative poverty.
贫困已成为当今世界的一个重要问题。为此事担忧的不仅是我们社会学家，还有经济学家、
政治家、商界人士。人们理解贫穷的方式各不相同。一个实用的方法是区分三种程度的贫困
——极度贫困、中度贫困和相对贫困。
The first type of poverty is extreme poverty. It’s also called absolute poverty. In extreme
poverty, households cannot meet basic needs for survival. People are chronically hungry.
They are unable to access safe drinking water, let alone health care. They cannot afford
education for their children. In short, people who live in extreme poverty do not have even
the minimum resources to support themselves and their families. Where does extremepoverty occur? Well, you can find it only in developing countries.
第一种贫困是极端贫困，又称绝对贫困。极端贫困的家庭无法满足基本的生存需求。人们长
期挨饿。他们喝不到安全的饮用水，更不用说医疗保健了。他们负担不起孩子的教育费用。
简而言之，生活在极端贫困中的人们甚至连养活自己和家人这种最低限度的资源都没有。极
端贫困出现在哪里？只在发展中国家才有。
Well, what about moderate poverty? Unlike extreme poverty, moderate poverty generally
神
refers to conditions of life in which basic needs are met, but barely. People living in
moderate poverty have the resources to keep themselves alive, but only at a very basic
level. For example, they may have access to drinking water but not clean, safe drinking
water. They may have a home to shelter themselves but it does not have power supply, a
telephone or plumbing.
考
那么，中度贫困呢？与极端贫困不同，中度贫困通常指的是基本生活需求得到满足，但几乎
得不到满足的生活条件。生活在中度贫困中的人有维持生计的资源，但仅在非常基础的水平
上。例如，他们可能有水喝，但没有干净、安全的饮用水。他们可能有遮风避雨的住所，但
没有电力供应、电话或管道系统。
道
The third kind of poverty is relative poverty. Relative poverty is generally considered to be
a household income level which is below a given proportion of average family income. The
relatively poor live in high-income countries but they do not have a high income themselves.
第三类贫困是相对贫困。通常，相对贫困是家庭收入水平低于平均家庭收入水平特定比例的
有
情况。相对贫困者生活在高收入国家，但他们自己却没有高收入。
The method of calculating the poverty line is different from country to country but we can
say that basically a family living in relative poverty has less than a percentage of the
average family income.
各国计算贫困线的方式不同，但确定的是，相对贫困的家庭，其收入低于平均家庭收入的一
定比例
For example, in the United States, a family can be considered poor if their income is less
than 50 percent of the national average family income. They can meet their basic needs
but they lack access to cultural goods, entertainment, and recreation. They also do not
have access to quality health care or other prerequisites for upward social mobility4.
例如，在美国，如果一个家庭的收入低于全国平均家庭收入的50%，就可认定为贫困家庭。
4 upward social mobility：向上社会流动，可指个体在社会中获得财富或声望等。他们可以满足自己的基本需求，但不太接触得到文化产品、娱乐、消遣。他们也没有高质量
的医疗保健或向上社会流动的其他先决条件。
Well, I have briefly explained to you how poverty can be distinguished as extreme poverty,
moderate poverty, and relative poverty. We should keep these distinctions in mind when
we research people’s living conditions either in the developing or the developed world.
我已经简单地向你们解释了贫困是如何区分为极端贫困、中度贫困和相对贫困的。我们研究
发展中国家或发达国家人民的生活条件时，应记住这些区神别。
考
LESSON 50 好莱坞的包容危机
Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood, but actually an
inclusion crisis.
道
研究人员发现，好莱坞不仅存在多样性问题，实际上还存在包容危机。
With less than a week before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an
all-white list of acting nominees, a study shows the film industry does worse than
有television.
不到一周前，奥斯卡颁奖典礼已经因提名演员全是白人而受到批评，现在一项研究又显
示，电影行业的表现比电视行业差。
Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films had a cast
whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country's diversity.
只有3.4%的电影导演是女性，而且，演员阵容的种族、民族平衡反映美国种族、民族多样
性的电影，只有7%。
When researchers looked at all TV shows, they also found that women of color over 40
were regarded as "largely invisible" and just 22 percent of TV series creators were
female.纵观所有电视节目，研究人员还发现，人们认为40岁以上的有色人种女性“基本上被淹没
在人群中”，而且只有22%的电视剧作者是女性。
Overall, the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters
and more than one-fifth of them had no black characters with dialogue.
总体而言，研究发现，一半的电影和电视节目中没有说亚神洲语言的角色，超过五分之一的
电影和电视节目中，没有有对白的黑人角色。
The film industry still functions as a straight, white, boy's club.
考
电影行业仍然以异性恋、白人、男性为主导。
When looking at how women are depicted, the study found female characters were four
times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing, and nearly four times as likely to be
referred to as phy道sically attractive.
在研究女性形象的刻画时，研究人员发现，女性角色穿着性感服装的可能性比男性高四
倍，被描述为外表迷人的可能性比男性高近四倍。
有
Across TV and film, the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on
Hispanics.
在电视和电影中，非白人角色的代表性不足主要集中在拉美裔。
Among more than 10,000 characters, proportions of white, black and Asian characters
came close to U. S. population figures. But Hispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters,
despite being about 17 percent of the U. S. population.
在一万多个角色中，白人、黑人和亚洲人的比例接近美国人口比例。但拉美裔在各种角色
中只占5.8%，尽管他们占美国总人口的17%。
