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雅思写作素材
（A 类）
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一：《雅思大作文题型分析》
AD类话题（同意与否）：
To what extent do you agree or disagree.
例子：It is inevitable that traditional cultures will be lost as technology develops. Technology and traditional
cultures are incompatible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
这是最常见的雅思写作问题类型，这类简称为AD类话题。这一类话题我们有三种写法，分别是完全同意，
完全不同意和部分同意。
对于基础比较薄弱的同学，我建议选择一边作答，不要选择部分同意。因为这种折中的观点很容易写得模
棱两可。如果选择部分同意，那就一定要清楚明了地表达你的观点。
下面是三类写法的主旨：
完全同意
It is true that technology is developing at an incredible rate, and that traditional societies and cultural practices are
disappearing as a result. I therefore agree with the view that technology and traditional cultures cannot coexist.
完全不同意
Some people would argue that technological developments lead to the disappearance of traditional societies and
cultural practices. I completely disagree with this view because I see no reason why technology cannot coexist with
traditional cultural and even enhance them
在这里我选择第三种观点来撰写提纲。
开头段：主题+回答
Some people would argue that technological developments lead to the disappearance of traditional cultures. While
this may be true in the case of some societies or customs others seem to be unaffected by technology and the modern
world.
主体段1：
On the one hand, the advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in developed countries have
certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life.
主体段2：
On the other hand, in some parts of the world traditional cultures still thrive.
总结段：
In conclusion, many traditional ways of life have been lost as a result of advances in technology, but other
traditional communities have survived and even flourished.
BG 类话题（双边讨论）：
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
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双边讨论类题型是雅思写作的常客。通常题目中会出现“Describe both views and give your own opinions. ”这
样的字样。对于这类题目，必须要讨论两个观点，并且就此给出自己的意见，这是题目要求。如果只讨论一
个就是偏题，会被扣分。这种情况下，一般我会采用四段式回答。
开头段：主题+回答
People have different views about whether punishments for crimes should be fixed. Although there are some
advantages of fixed punishments, I believe that it is better to judge each crime individually.
主体段：相同处罚措施的好处
There are some good arguments for having one set punishments for each crime.
主体段：按情况处罚的好处
However，I would argue that the circumstances of a crime and the criminal’s motivation should have an influence
on the punishment.
总结段：重复我的观点
In conclusion, despite the advantages of fixed punishments, it seems to me that each crime should be judged
taking both the circumstances and motivation into account.
PN类话题（积极发展）：
Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?
These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to work. Do you think it
is a positive or a negative development?
这也是常见的一种话题类型。我们需要注意的是，问题问的是你的观点，所以在回答的时候不要提到别人
怎么看。这里也可以有三种回答方式：1，我认为这是积极的发展；2，我认为这是消极的发展；3，我认为这
有积极的方面，同时也有消极的方面。
跟其他文章一样，你一定要在开头段就明确你的观点，然后再主体段给出很好的理由或者解释，最后在总
结段复述你的观点。如果你要写平衡观点（第三种）那你一定要在开头段把两方面都提到。在这里我还是用
四段式的回答。
开头段（第一句改写题干，第二句阐明观点）
There has been a rising trend in many countries for more and more men to stay at home to look after children
when women work full time. This essay shall explore the reasons behind this change before coming to the conclusion
that this is a positive rather than negative development.
主体段（表明原因）
The main reason behind this change is that there has been a rise in female equality throughout the world The main
reason behind this change is that there has been a rise in female equality throughout the world
主体段（讨论消极和积极的意义）
1） it is negative as it goes against traditional values and that men should be working instead of looking after
children.
2） fathers are not as good as mothers at raising children.
3） If women can get a higher salary, the family will be in a better economic condition.
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总结段（总结观点+提升主题）
The fact that more and more stay-at-home dads are appearing is evidence that society is becoming more equal. So,
this is a very positive thing.
C&S 类话题（报告类）：
In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why do you
think it is the case? How should children or teenagers be punished?
其实这类话题也算是两段式话题，但是问题类型较为明确，Cause & Solution. 关于这类话题，我们建议采
取四段式结构进行写作：
第一段：改写标题
第二段：阐明原因（原因123……）
第三段：回答解决方案（方案123……）
第四段：总结事实+总结解决方法+提升文章主题
二：考前快速提分建议
考官评分分为四点：任务回应情况，连贯和衔接，词汇多样性，语法准确性。
后两点只能靠基础和积累，但两点我们可以通过一些小技巧来提分。因为写作是会给小分的，四个部分的分
数平均起来就是总分，前两项多那么一点点，总分就多0.5了！
任务回应情况（Task Response）
第一段一定要表明自己的观点
最后一段一定要重复自己的观点
考官审阅每篇作文的时间可能只有5-10分钟，哪怕你论据再丰富，只要你在开头结尾没有明确表达观点，考
官很可能没法在短时间里知道你的看法，TR得分可能就会得6或者6以下了。
连贯和衔接（Cohesion and Coherence）
这个主要说连接词。基础薄弱的同学不要想太多句型，用好连接词比句型复杂更重要。比如四段式文章。第
一段改写题目+提出观点。第二段表达正方观点，段落开头一定要用On one hand。第三段反方观点，开头要
写 On the other hand。最后一段总结，开头要用In conclusion。这些都是在写给眼瞎的考官看的，让他知道我
是有逻辑的，那这项CC的得分才会高。
语法准确性（Grammar）
我们要注意的是时态，作文一般只涉及到现在时和过去时，只要写的时候稍微注意一下即可。其他语法问题
就只能靠基础积累了。
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三：写作预测（大作文）
使用说明：
以下25篇的写作题目就是1-4月的预测了。时间紧张可以先看这部分前15个话题。其他话题重要性差不多。
不建议大家直接背范文，建议大家看看思路和观点，考试的时候再自行发挥哦！
目录
一：《雅思大作文题型分析》 ............................................................................................................................. 2
二：考前快速提分建议 ......................................................................................................................................... 4
三：写作预测（大作文） ..................................................................................................................................... 5
1：我们可以从书籍及媒体学到其他文化，而不必去旅游 ............................................................................... 7
2：大学生的增多是否导致更多的失业？ ........................................................................................................... 9
3：出狱的罪犯是教导学生远离犯罪的最好人选？ ......................................................................................... 11
4：延长刑期是否减少犯罪的最好方法 ............................................................................................................. 13
5：青少年犯罪是否该一律同仁 ......................................................................................................................... 15
6：政府应不应该资助艺术 ................................................................................................................................. 17
7：将大公司迁往郊区 ......................................................................................................................................... 19
8：相对于给旧建筑花钱，给道路升级和新建筑花钱更有效 ......................................................................... 21
9：博物馆和艺术廊是否还有存在的必要？ ..................................................................................................... 23
10：人口老龄化对社会的影响 ........................................................................................................................... 25
11：是否应该保护灭绝动物 ............................................................................................................................... 27
12：贫富差距与社会幸福感 ............................................................................................................................... 29
13：广告的影响是积极还是消极的 ................................................................................................................... 31
14：广告是否阻碍人们追求个性 ....................................................................................................................... 33
15：针对儿童的广告是否有益 ........................................................................................................................... 35
16：电子产品是否影响了读写能力 ................................................................................................................... 37
17：手机和电脑让人们丧失了面对面交流的能力 ........................................................................................... 39
18：年轻人是否也可以成为领导者 ................................................................................................................... 41
19：越来越多的女性在外工作，男性在家看娃 ............................................................................................... 43
20：世上只有妈妈好？ ....................................................................................................................................... 45
21：如何解决自然资源枯竭的问题 ................................................................................................................... 47
22：谁该为环境保护负责？ ............................................................................................................................... 49
23：成年人工作后跟父母居住的利弊 ............................................................................................................... 51
24：富国应该给穷国提供除了财政援助之外的其他帮助吗？ ....................................................................... 53
25：如何鼓励人们更广泛地使用自行车？ ....................................................................................................... 55
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混合图表： ................................................................................................................................................................... 59
No. 1：Mode of transportation ............................................................................................................................ 59
饼图 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 61
No. 1：Waste Products ......................................................................................................................................... 61
No. 2：Spending and population .......................................................................................................................... 63
柱状图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65
No. 1：Consumer goods ....................................................................................................................................... 65
线状图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 67
No. 1：Consumption of meat ............................................................................................................................... 67
No. 2：Gold sales .................................................................................................................................................. 69
表格图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 70
No. 1：Sales of coffee and bananas ..................................................................................................................... 70
No. 2：YouTube data ............................................................................................................................................ 72
地图题： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 74
No. 1：The town of Garlsdon ............................................................................................................................... 74
No. 2：Island ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
流程图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 78
No. 1：Bricks Manufactured ................................................................................................................................. 78
No. 2：Life of bee ................................................................................................................................................. 80
No. 3：Produce electricity .................................................................................................................................... 82
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1：我们可以从书籍及媒体学到其他文化，而不必去旅游
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn about the other culture. We can learn as much from books,
films and the Internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays, there are a vast number of books, films and websites on the internet which teach us about the world and
other cultures. There are some people who believe that because of this it is no longer necessary to travel to other
places to learn about culture. But I consider it is necessary to travel to learn about other culture.
On the one hand, books and films are an exciting way to learn about other culture. Books and films have the power to
transport us to new places in our imagination, which lets us experience a vast array of cultures without ever having to
leave home. Furthermore, it is much cheaper to access books and films than it is to travel to another country.
Therefore, it is a more accessible way for people to learn about and experience different cultures.
However, there are also some disadvantages to learning about other cultures through books and films. Firstly, books
and films are created by an author or a director. This means that we experience other culture from one person’s
perspective and opinion, which may be biased. Secondly, when one travels directly to a different place, they can
experience other cultures directly and unmediated. It is a more influential experience because we might quickly forget
what we read in a book, but memories of the actual experience will last for a long time.
To conclude, although books, films and the internet are a cheap and easy way to access other cultures, they are no
comparison to the authentic experience of travelling to new countries. Therefore, I believe it is still necessary to travel
to other places to learn about other cultures.
(278words)
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+表明观点
我认为需要通过旅游才能真正了解到其他地方的文化
第二段：陈述通过书籍媒体了解文化的优点
1, 不用远行即可学习；2, 便宜得多
第三段：陈述通过旅游了解文化的优点
1, 书籍媒体带有作者的偏见；2, 亲身的经历更加真实
第四段：总结观点
旅游时学习其他文化最好的方式
中文翻译：
现在，有大量的书籍，电影和网站在互联网上教我们关于世界和其他文化。有一些人认为，正因为如此，
没有必要去其他地方学习文化。但我觉得去其他地方旅行来学习文化是有必要的
一方面，书籍和电影是了解其他文化的一种令人兴奋的方式。书籍和电影有能力把我们带到想象中的新
地方，待在家里就能体验到各种各样的文化。此外，看书和看电影比去其他国家旅游要便宜得多。因此，它
是一个更容易让人们了解和体验不同文化的方式。
然而，我认为通过书籍和电影了解其他文化也有很大的弊端。首先，书籍和电影是由作者或导演创作的。
这意味着我们从一个人的角度和观点来体验其他文化，这可能是有偏见的。其次，当一个人直接旅行到一个
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不同的地方，他们可以直接和无中介地体验其他文化。这是一个更真实的体验。书上看到的东西我们会很快
忘记，而自己感受到的会一直留在记忆中。
综上所述，尽管书籍、电影和互联网是获取其他文化的一种廉价而简单的方式，但它们无法与去新国家
旅行的真实体验相比。因此，我认为去其他地方学习其他文化仍然是必要的。
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2：大学生的增多是否导致更多的失业？
Some people think that the large amount of young people in university only leads to high rates of unemployed
graduates. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
As a higher proportion of people gain access to higher education there is an increasing worry that this only leads to
high rates of unemployed graduates within society. Although the increasing amount of university graduates may
indeed cause unemployment problems, there are still many benefits to high levels of university education.
On the one hand, as more people study at university, often there becomes a surplus of trained professionals that a
country’s infrastructure cannot support. For example, many people may train in law but there are only a limited
number of law firms within a city. This creates a large problem as there become citizens who have spent large
amounts of money obtaining a university degree which is now not useful to them. Furthermore, when unemployed an
individual does not contribute to the nation and thus become a cost on society.
However, this opinion takes a very limited view on what the purpose of university education is meant to be. Not
every person values their education based only on its ability to acquire them a high paying job in the future. Many
people appreciate knowledge for knowledge’s sake, and would like to better themselves regardless of what career
they may have in the future. One particular example is those who study the arts and humanities. There are not many
career options for these degrees yet people still value studying them.
Thus, to conclude, whilst it is true that an increased amount of young people going to university may increase
graduate unemployment levels. This is not the only outcome of an increased attendance within higher education.
There is value to education outside of its career value.
[278 words]
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+表明观点
很多人认为高等教育普遍化导致失业率上升，但除了就业率还有其他好处。
第二段：高等教育普遍化的害处
高等教育普遍化导致人才过剩，从而引起失业率上升
第三段：高等教育普遍化的益处
只看失业率是片面的，高薪和就业不是衡量教育价值的唯一标准。
第四段：总结观点
高等教育普遍化不是失业率上升的唯一原因，因此不能片面的看待。教育应该有其他的价值。
中文翻译：
随着越来越多的人获得接受高等教育的机会，人们越来越担心这只会导致社会中毕业生失业率居高不
下。尽管越来越多的大学毕业生确实可能导致失业问题，但高水平的大学教育除了就业水平之外还有很多好
处。
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一方面，随着越来越多的人在大学学习，往往会出现一个国家的基础设施无法支持的受过培训的专业
人才过剩。例如，许多人可能接受法律培训，但在一个城市里只有有限数量的律师事务所。这就造成了一个
大问题，因为有很多公民花了大量的钱去获得一个现在对他们毫无用处的大学学位。此外，当一个人失业时，
他对国家没有贡献，因此成为社会的负担。
然而，这种观点对大学教育的目的是什么持非常有限的观点。不是每个人都只根据教育能否在未来为
他们提供高薪工作来衡量教育的价值。很多人为了知识而欣赏知识，不管将来从事什么样的职业，他们都想
做得更好。一个特别的例子是那些学习艺术和人文学科的人。这些学位的职业选择并不多，但人们仍然重视
学习它们。
因此，综上所述，尽管越来越多的年轻人上大学可能会增加毕业生的失业率，但这是事实。这并不是
高等教育出勤率上升的唯一结果。除了职业价值，教育还有其他价值。
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3：出狱的罪犯是教导学生远离犯罪的最好人选？
Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that they are the best
people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree?
It is a commonly held belief that some of the criminals who are released from prison will turn over a new leaf. There
are those that hold the position that these ex-convicts are the best candidates to educate school children to stay away
from crime. I wholeheartedly disagree with this opinion.
On the one hand, I believe the vast majority of criminals suffer from psychological problems. These are individuals
that willingly decide to commit heinous crimes, such as theft, robbery, sexual assault, etc., because they wish to attain
something with ease and at little cost to themselves. They want straightforward and direct methods to achieve their
desires in an expedient manner. Criminals are often self-interested and mercenary. They only have considerations for
their own interests and seldom reflect on how their actions shall affect their victims. Once that mindset is established,
it is difficult to overcome after you have been released from prison. Therefore, I believe these ex-convicts are
completely unsuitable to teach minors.
On the other hand, the recidivism rate of ex-convicts released from prison is significantly higher than that of ordinary
citizens. Many countries have recidivism rates as high as 30%. Due to such evidence, I struggle to believe that any
criminal can truly be rehabilitated. Therefore, to have children educated by ex-convicts would be to put them at
serious risk. Once a crime occurs at school, there shall be many students hurt, which shall result in serious
consequences. Overall, I believe that the most suitable candidates to educate students to avoid crime are the police.
The police not only have a fantastic understanding of criminal psychology, but also are in a good position to guide
students in the right direction towards being moral citizens.
To conclude, given the psychological issues and the high rate of recidivism in criminals, I believe that criminals
released from prison are unsuitable candidates to educate students.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+提出问题
出狱后的罪犯并不是教导学生远离犯罪的最好人选
第二段：阐述观点一
犯罪往往是有心理问题，而心理问题一旦形成，则很难改变。
第三段：阐述观点二
罪犯的再犯罪率还是比普通人高，警察是教导学生远离犯罪的更好人选
第四段：总结观点+提升主题
基于心理问题和高昂的再犯罪率，我认为出狱后的罪犯不适合教导学生远离犯罪
中文翻译：
一部分出狱后的罪犯会改过自新，重新做人。有一些观点认为他们是教导在校学生远离犯罪的最好人选。
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我不太同意这个说法。
一方面，我认为大多数的罪犯是有心理问题的。他们之所以选择犯罪，比如盗窃，抢劫，性侵等等，是
因为罪犯往往希望不劳而获。他们希望通过简单直接的方法来迅速达到自己的目的。罪犯往往都是自私的，
他们只关心自己的利益，不会考虑自己的行为会对被害人产生怎样的影响。这种思维模式一旦形成，出狱后
也很难改变。因此他们并不适合教导未成年人。
另一方面，罪犯出狱后的再犯罪率，也是远远高于普通人的。很多国家的再犯罪率高达 30%。我认为一
个罪犯并不能真正的改过自新。这就意味着如果让出狱后的罪犯来教导学生，很容易将学生置于危险之中。
一旦学校发生犯罪事件，将会有更多的学生受到伤害，导致严重的后果。教导学生远离犯罪的最佳人选应该
是警察。警察不仅了解罪犯的心理，而且能从正确的方向引导学生。
综上所述，基于心理问题和高昂的再犯罪率，我认为出狱的罪犯并不是教导学生的最佳人选。
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4：延长刑期是否减少犯罪的最好方法
Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give criminals longer prison sentences. Others
however, think there are better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both these views and give your opinion
The rising crime rate has led to increasing public debate about how to reduce crime.
Some people think that sentencing offenders to longer prison terms is the best way to reduce crime. They argue that if
the punishment for crime is not harsh enough, it cannot deter potential criminals, and a high proportion of offenders
will re-offend. Also, it is mainly through imprisonment that criminals are forced to reflect on their crimes. Longer
prison terms are therefore more likely to make offenders change their behaviour and become law-abiding citizens
after they are released from prison.
Others, however, believe that there are better ways to reduce crime. Increased police patrols in neighbourhoods with
high crime levels can effectively deter crime in these areas, while censorship of violent scenes in the media can
reduce people's exposure to media violence and help to reduce violent behaviour among them. If the government
provides people with better and more affordable education and job training, and creates more employment
opportunities by improving the economy, poverty and crime rates will also decline. Even if we depend on prison to
reduce crime, providing prisoners with job training programmes is better than giving them longer prison terms
because job training can help them to find jobs and develop careers after serving their sentences. By contrast, having
to spend longer periods in prison would damage prisoners’ health and lead to resentment among them.
My own view is that punishing criminals with longer prison terms may be effective in deterring them from
re-offending. However, reducing media violence, creating more job opportunities and rehabilitating offenders into
useful members of society are more constructive measures to reduce crime.
（274words）
思路解析：
第一段：陈述现状
不断上升的犯罪率引起了公众对如何减少犯罪越来越多的辩论。
第二段：陈述更长刑期的作用
判处罪犯更长的刑期是对罪犯严厉的惩罚，防止二次犯罪，而且可以让他们反思自己的罪行。最后成为
守法的公民
第三段：陈述其他减少犯罪的方法
增加巡逻警察，对涉及暴力的媒体进行审查，可承受的教育和职业培训，创造更多就业机会都是减少犯
罪的有效做法。
第四段：提炼观点
除了更长刑期以外，还有更多措施能有效减少犯罪
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Longer prison terms 更长的刑期
Law-abiding citizens 守法公民
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Longer periods 更长周期
Lead to resentment 导致怨恨
Re-offend 再犯
参考译文：
不断上升的犯罪率引起了公众对如何减少犯罪越来越多的辩论。
一些人认为判处罪犯更长的刑期是减少犯罪的最好方法。他们认为，如果对犯罪的惩罚不够严厉，就不
能阻止潜在的罪犯，而且很大比例的罪犯会再次犯罪。而且，罪犯被迫反思自己的罪行，主要是通过监禁。
因此，较长的刑期更有可能使罪犯在出狱后改变他们的行为，成为守法公民。
然而，其他人认为有更好的方法来减少犯罪。在犯罪率高的社区增加警察巡逻可以有效地遏制这些地区
的犯罪，而对媒体暴力镜头的审查可以减少人们接触媒体暴力的机会，并有助于减少他们之间的暴力行为。
如果政府为人们提供更好、更负担得起的教育和职业培训，并通过改善经济创造更多就业机会，贫困和犯罪
率也将下降。即使我们依靠监狱来减少犯罪，向囚犯提供职业培训方案也比延长他们的刑期好，因为职业培
训可以帮助他们在服刑后找到工作和发展职业。相比之下，不得不在监狱里呆更长的时间会损害囚犯的健康，
导致他们之间的怨恨。
我个人的观点是，用较长的刑期惩罚罪犯可能会有效地阻止他们再次犯罪。然而，减少媒体暴力、创造
更多就业机会和使罪犯重新成为有用的社会成员是减少犯罪的更有建设性的措施。
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5：青少年犯罪是否该一律同仁
Some young people commit serious crimes, such as robbery or violent attacks, some people think they should
be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Juvenile offenders, regardless of age, are just as culpable for their crimes as adult offenders and must accept
responsibility for their actions. However, I do believe the age of genuine culpability varies in each case and can alter
according to the situation.
It may be the case that a ten-year-old boy is unaware of the ramifications and legality of theft or robbery, but that
does not mean he should escape justice. Nonetheless, it surely cannot be acceptable to hand out the same punishment
as an adult would receive for committing the equivalent crime. At the age of ten, the child still has the capacity to
correct their behaviour before arriving at adulthood and should come under the protection and care of the relevant
authorities on child development, perhaps receiving some form of mentorship or counseling.
In extreme cases, such as murder and violent attacks, serious punishments must be considered. A case in point is the
infamous murder of James Bulger in Liverpool in the 1990s. His assailants were two boys aged eleven. They received
a severe penalty which saw them incarcerated in a young offenders institution for the remainder of their childhood,
before they were transferred to an adult prison upon reaching the age of eighteen. Given the horrific nature of the
murder, surely there is little doubt that prison was the appropriate punishment.
In general, I think the punishment should be decided according to the age. Furthermore, I would err on the side of
caution before issuing heavy punishments to young people, yet in extreme cases such as violent attacks or murder,
prison should most certainly be considered. (257 words)
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+提出观点
我认为应该根据年龄的不同来判刑
第二段：阐述根据年龄在惩罚的原因
青少年可能不知道犯罪后果，但是成年人是知道的，所以惩罚不能一样
第三段：阐述青少年犯罪了还是要惩罚的
距离詹姆斯巴尔杰的案例说明，青少年犯了重罪也是要惩罚的
第四段：陈述观点+提升主题
我认为应该根据年龄来决定惩罚方式，同时在对青少年实施重型前应谨慎行事
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Culpable for 负有责任
Ramifications and legality of theft 盗窃的后果和合法性
Mentorship or counseling 指导或者咨询
Assailants 攻击者
Err on the side of caution 谨慎行事
Incarcerated in 被关押在
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参考译文：
少年犯，无论年龄大小，都和成年犯一样要为自己的罪行负责，必须为自己的行为负责。然而，我确实
相信，认罪的年龄线在每一个案件里都不同，并且可以根据案件的变化而改变。
一个十岁的男孩可能不知道盗窃或抢劫的后果和合法性，但这并不意味着他应该逃脱法律制裁。尽管如
此，对于一个犯了同样罪行的成年人，给予同样的惩罚肯定是不能接受的。在10岁时，儿童仍有能力在成年
之前纠正其行为，并应受到有关儿童发展当局的保护和照顾，也许接受某种形式的指导或咨询。
在诸如谋杀和暴力袭击这样的极端情况下，必须考虑给予严重的惩罚。一个恰当的例子是詹姆斯•巴尔
杰(James Bulger)上世纪90年代在利物浦遭到的臭名昭著的谋杀。袭击他的是两个11岁的男孩。他们受到了
严厉的惩罚，被关在少年犯收容所里度过了他们的童年，直到他们18岁时被转到成人监狱。考虑到谋杀的可
怕性质，毫无疑问，监禁是适当的惩罚。
一般来说，在对年轻人实施重刑之前，我宁愿谨慎行事，但在暴力袭击或谋杀等极端情况下，监狱当然
应该被考虑。
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6：政府应不应该资助艺术
Some people believe that the government should support people who work for arts, such as painting, theatre or
music financially. Some people believe that they should find other financial support resources instead. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.
Undoubtedly, the development of culture and arts should be supported by the government. But whether artists should
be supported financially by government remains controversial due to the uniqueness of this issue.
Some people take it for granted that artists funded by the government can devote themselves to art work without
worrying about any other things. But facts show that once their income is determined by governments, their views,
lifestyles and even the contents of works will be more or less influenced by the authorities. Thus, artists find it hard to
maintain their independent work styles and critical thinking. On the other hand, the works and results of art are in
most cases abstract and it is hard to estimate their value. Thus, it is difficult for the government to judge how much
should be invested in such a field. From this aspect, it seems that corruption and extravagance will arise due to the
lack of lack of impartiality and transparency. It will be unfair for taxpayers.
Of course, it does not necessarily mean that artists should be excluded from any funds from the government. The
point is artists should find some other sources of investment such as the market or some non-government
organizations. They can exercise their creativity and talents to create excellent works to satisfy the needs of the
market and thus receive greater rewards from their customers. This practice is beneficial both for the artists and for
the art itself.
In conclusion, the funds from the government seem to be a barrier for artists’ independent creation and the full
display of their talents. Compared with government funding, free competition and creation to get market recognition
is a better way for balancing financial support and artistic integrity.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
艺术家是否应该得到政府的财政支持仍然存在争议。
第二段：阐述观点1的原因1
艺术家的收入由政府决定的话，他们将很难保持独立的工作风格和批判性思维。同时，艺术的作品成果
大多是抽象性的，很难评估价格，如果政府对此投资，很容易导致腐败
第三段：阐述观点1的原因2
艺术家可以找其他组织寻求资助，这有利于长期发展
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
与政府的资助相比，通过自由竞争和创作来获得市场的认可是一种更好的平衡经济和艺术的方式。
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Take it for granted 想当然的
Critical thinking. 批判性思维
Estimate their value 评估他们的价值
Corruption and extravagance 腐败和奢侈
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Be immune from 免于
参考译文：
毫无疑问，文化艺术的发展应该得到政府的支持。但是由于这个问题的特殊性，艺术家是否应该得到政
府的财政支持仍然存在争议。
有些人想当然地认为，由政府资助的艺术家可以全身心地投入到艺术作品中，而不用担心其他任何事情。
但事实表明，一旦他们的收入由政府决定，他们的观点、生活方式甚至作品内容或多或少都会受到政府的影
响。因此，艺术家很难保持独立的工作风格和批判性思维。
另一方面，艺术的作品和成果在大多数情况下是抽象的，很难估计它们的价值。因此，政府需要判断在
这一领域应该投入多少。从这个意义上讲，腐败和奢侈是由于缺乏客观机制和透明度而产生的。这对纳税人
是不公平的。
当然，这并不一定意味着艺术家就可以免受政府的资助。关键是，艺术家可以找到一些其他的投资来源，
比如市场或者一些非政府组织。他们可以发挥自己的创造力和才能，创作出真正优秀的作品，满足市场的需
求，从而获得客户更大的回报。这种做法对艺术家和艺术本身都是有益的。
综上所述，来自政府的资金似乎成为了艺术家独立创作和充分展示才华的障碍。与政府的资助相比，通
过自由竞争和创作来获得市场的认可是一种更好的平衡经济和艺术的方式。
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7：将大公司迁往郊区
Traffic and housing problems in major cities could be solved by moving large companies and factories and
their employees to the countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
The rapidly growing populations and car ownership have caused frequent traffic congestion and housing shortages in
major cities. Some people think that the traffic and housing problems can be solved by relocating large companies
and factories in these cities to rural areas. I completely agree with this view.
Employees commuting by car is an important contributing factor to traffic congestion in urban areas. Moving large
companies and factories to rural areas can significantly reduce the number of company and factory employees’
private vehicles on city streets, especially during rush hours. The amount of leisure-related traffic will also decline
because many employees will relocate to the countryside to live closer to their workplace. Another benefit is that the
amount of traffic caused by the transport of office supplies and factory products is also likely to fall if large
companies and factories are moved to rural areas.
Moving large companies and factories to the countryside also helps to solve housing problems in cities. In urban
areas, a high percentage of housing is owned or rented by employees of large companies and factories and their
families. Moving these firms and factories to the countryside is likely to lead to the relocation of their employees.
This means that more accommodation would become available to other residents of large cities, and would help to
reduce the housing bubble in many large cities.
For these reasons, I agree that moving large companies and factories from major cities to the countryside can
significantly reduce commuting and leisure-related traffic, and the demand for accommodation, which would make it
an effective solution to the chronic traffic and housing problems in these cities.
（274words）
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
交通和住房问题可以通过把这些城市里的大公司和工场搬到乡村去解决，我完全同意这个观点。
第二段：阐述原因1
员工开车上下班是导致交通堵塞的重要因素。休闲相关的交通量也会随之减少。另外就是办公用品和工
厂产品的运输交通量也会减少。
第三段：阐述原因2
员工会更倾向于住到公司附近，把工场和公司搬至乡村有利于腾出更多市区住房给需要的人，减少住宅
市场泡沫。
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
把大城市里面的大公司和工场搬迁至乡村能够减少大城市里面的上下班和休闲相关交通量，并且能减少
对于住房的需求。
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Specialised knowledge 专门化的知识
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Car ownership 汽车所有权，车主
Housing shortage 住房短缺
Relocate 搬迁
Private vehicle 私人车辆
Leisure-related traffic 与休闲相关的交通
Office supplies 办公室用品
Residents of large cities 大城市的居民
Housing bubble 住房泡沫
Chronic 长期存在的
参考译文：
迅速增长的人口与汽车拥有量在主要城市里导致了频繁的交通堵塞和住房短缺。一些人认为交通和住房
问题可以通过把这些城市里的大公司和工场搬到乡村去解决。我完全同意这种看法。
城市里的员工开车上下班是导致交通堵塞的重要因素。把公司和工场搬到乡村可以显著降低街道上的员
工汽车数量，特别是在上下班高峰时段。与休闲相关的汽车交通同样会减少，因为一些员工也会搬至乡村以
便更加靠近他们的工作地点。另一个好处是如果大公司和工场被搬迁至乡村，那么办公用品和工厂产品的运
输交通量也会减少。
把城市里的大公司和工场搬到乡村也有助于解决城市里的住房问题。在都市里面，很多住房是由大公司
和工场的员工拥有或者租住的。将这些公司或者工场搬至乡村很可能导致他们的员工搬迁。这意味着会有更
多的住房能够被大城市的其他居民使用，并减少大城市里面的住宅市场泡沫。
由于上述问题，我认为把大城市里面的大公司和工场搬迁至乡村能够减少大城市里面的上下班和休闲相
关交通量，并且能减少对于住房的需求，这会让它成为解决大都市里面长期存在的交通与住房问题的有效方
法。
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8：相对于给旧建筑花钱，给道路升级和新建筑花钱更有效
The government is spending enormous amount of money on old buildings in big towns. The government would
get more benefit if that money were spent on new housing and road development. Do you agree or disagree
with the statement?
The government spends an enormous amount of money on the restoration and preservation of old buildings in big
towns. This is a controversial topic, as some people believe that that money would be better spent on new housing
and road development. Personally, I think there are points to be made on both sides of the argument, but ultimately I
support the government’s choice to spend money on the preservation of old buildings.
There is a growing amount of people who believe caring for the current needs of society is far more important than
preserving historical buildings. With the money used for reservation, a lot of new housing, public buildings, and new
roads could be built. This would improve the quality of life for thousands of people within the city, therefore it is far
more important than the preservation of old buildings. This is an admirable belief, but I personally think it is flawed.
Many people understand that the old buildings the government spends a lot of money on are far more than just old
buildings. These buildings are part of our history and our culture. They are incredibly important because of the story
they tell and the history they contain. New housing and better roads are important, but it is also important to respect
our history and preserve important cultural sites. To do so, takes a lot of money, which is controversial, but I believe
it is important work that needs to be done.
Therefore, while I do agree that there would be a great social benefit if the money used for preservation were instead
spent on new housing and roads, I think the cultural loss of historical buildings is too costly for this to be justified.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
我认为政府应该花钱保护老建筑
第二段：阐述观点1的原因
把资金用于建造住房等等，将提高成千上万人的生活质量
第三段：阐述观点2的原因
老建筑是历史文化一部分，不应该被遗弃
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
如果把用于保护的钱花在新的住房和道路上会有很大的社会效益，但我认为历史建筑的文化损失太昂贵
参考译文：
政府花了大量的钱在修复和保护大城市的老建筑上。这是一个有争议的话题，因为一些人认为，这些钱
将更好地用于新的住房和道路开发。就我个人而言，我认为争论双方都有观点，但最终我支持政府花钱保护
老建筑的选择。
越来越多的人认为关心当前社会的需要远比保护历史建筑重要。用预留的资金，可以建造大量的新住房、
公共建筑和新道路。这将提高城市中成千上万人的生活质量，因此，这比保护老建筑重要得多。这是一个令
人钦佩的信念，但我个人认为它是有缺陷的。
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很多人知道政府花了很多钱的老建筑远远不止是老建筑。这些建筑是我们历史和文化的一部分。它们非
常重要，因为它们讲述的故事和包含的历史。新的住房和更好的道路很重要，但尊重我们的历史和保护重要
的文化遗址也很重要。这样做需要很多钱，这是有争议的，但我相信这是需要做的重要工作。
因此，虽然我确实同意，如果把用于保护的钱花在新的住房和道路上会有很大的社会效益，但我认为历
史建筑的文化损失太昂贵，这是不合理的。
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9：博物馆和艺术廊是否还有存在的必要？
Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see
historical objects and works of art by using a computer. To what extent you agree or disagree with this
opinion?
In recent years, the common person has developed an increasingly fast-paced style of life. These individuals tend to
view content and culture through digital media rather than visit museums and galleries to see things in person. There
are those who would even go as far as to argue that we no longer need museums and art galleries since everything can
be viewed and enjoyed through our cell phones instead. I wholeheartedly disagree with this view.
I hold the belief that the intrinsic value of an artwork is contained in the act of viewing it in person. It is common
knowledge that many people often view pictures of artefacts in history books. However, when people gaze upon the
genuine artefacts closely in a museum, they can see the clear patterns and carvings on each cultural relic. Through the
museum, people have the opportunity to appreciate and marvel at the exquisite craftsmanship of ancient civilizations
and discover new knowledge about their culture. This is an experience that cannot be reproduced by mobile phones
and technology.
Furthermore, we must admit that despite the fact the pace of life is increasing exponentially, there are still many
people who adore museums and galleries. These people will visit and patronize art exhibitions in their free time, for
them, visiting museums or art galleries is an effective relaxation method. We must take the interests of these people
into account.
All in all, I think museums and art galleries are very important cultural places. The meaning and value of their
existence is to display history, they create the kind of feeling of looking across the river of time that no technology
can recreate.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
我完全不同意取消博物馆和艺术廊
第二段：阐述理由1
亲身观赏艺术品是不可替代的体验，远比在线观赏要清晰和震撼
第三段：阐述理由2
很多人会在空闲时间参观博物馆和参加展览，社会不应该剥夺这方面的需求
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
博物馆和艺术廊是重要文化场所，有着不可替代的存在意义
中文翻译：
近几年人们都在追求快节奏的生活。他们倾向于使用电子产品来替代一切。有些人甚至认为我们不再需要博
物馆和美术馆，在手机上就可以欣赏一切艺术品。我完全不同意这种观点。
一方面，艺术品的价值在于接触和欣赏。不可否认人们在历史书上经常能看到非常多的文物的图片。但当他
们在博物馆里看到实物的时候，他们可以看到每一件文物上清晰的花纹和雕刻，通过博物馆,人们可以欣赏到
古人精湛的工艺的，以及从中学习到前人的文化。这些是手机和科技所不能替代的。
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另一方面，我们必须承认，即使生活节奏日益加快，仍然有很多热爱博物馆和画廊的人。他们会在仅有的休
息时间去看艺术展，对他们来说，博物馆或者艺术展是一种很好的放松方式。这部分人的利益应该被重视。
总而言之，我认为博物馆和艺术廊是很重要的文化场所。它们存在的意义和价值就是证明历史，那种跨越时
间长河所带来的感触是任何科技所不能带来的。
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10：人口老龄化对社会的影响
In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing Does this trend have more positive or
negative effects on the society?
We can come across old people everywhere - in restaurants, on airplanes, in hospitals and even in Disneyland! Things
are quite different from what it was 20 years ago. Is this change in demography good or bad for society? I would say
it has more negative effects than positive ones.
Doubtlessly, older people are very experienced in life, so to society, and particularly to the younger generation, they
are a valuable treasure. This is because older people can give us constructive suggestions and can assist us in doing
many different things, preventing us from making mistakes. So, seen from this perspective, an increasing proportion
of older people in the population are not necessarily something bad.
However, it would not be accurate to say that having an older population always benefits us. It also has negative
effects on society. First of all, the aging population is retiring from the working world. That means it does not offer
society the labour it needs for its sustained economic growth. Japan has actually been troubled by its aging labourers.
Japanese people are even encouraged by their government to give birth to more babies, not for themselves, but for the
nation!
Secondly, rapid social development calls for more people with creative and innovative minds and generally speaking,
this refers to young people. Electric bulbs and computers would never have come about without groups of young
people who were not happy with the status quo and were bold enough to challenge established traditions. It is said
more than 80% of the great inventions and literary works are created by people under 40 years old.
In a word, while older people enlighten us with their rich experience, they use up more than they produce. At the
same time, they are more likely to follow rules docilely. Therefore, the demerits of an aged population far outweigh
its merits.
(321words)
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+提出问题
我认为老年化负面影响大于正面影响
第二段：阐述老龄化的优点
老人家经验丰富，有助于帮助年轻人成长
第三段：阐述老龄化的负面影响一
老龄化严重会影响国家的劳动力
第四段：阐述老龄化的负面影响二
年轻人才富有创造力和发明能力，老年人不具备。
第五段：总结观点+提升主题
老年人口的缺点远远超过它的优点
推荐高分词汇/词组：
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Demography 人口统计学
Be accurate to say 准确的说
Are destined to 注定要
Status quo 现状
Far outweigh its merits.远超他的优点
参考译文：
我们在任何地方都能碰到老年人 - 在餐馆、飞机上、医院，甚至在迪斯尼乐园!现在的情况与20年前大
不相同。这种人口结构的变化对社会是好是坏?我认为它的负面影响比正面影响要多。
毫无疑问，老年人在生活中是很有经验的，所以对社会来说，特别是对年轻一代来说，他们是一个宝贵
的财富。这是因为老年人可以给我们建设性的建议，可以帮助我们做很多不同的事情，防止我们犯错误。所
以，从这个角度来看，人口中老年人比例的增加并不一定是坏事。
然而，我不能准确地说人口老龄化总是对我们有益。它对社会也有负面影响。首先，老龄化的人口正在
从工作中退休。这意味着它不能为社会提供持续经济增长所需的劳动力。实际上，日本一直在为其老龄化的
劳动者所困扰，这些人注定是纯粹的财富消费者。日本政府甚至鼓励国民多生孩子，不是为了自己，而是为
了国家!
其次，社会的快速发展需要更多具有创造性和创新思维的人，一般来说，这是指年轻人。如果没有一群
对现状不满、敢于挑战既有传统的年轻人，电灯和电脑就不会出现。据说 80%以上的伟大发明和文学作品是
由40岁以下的人创造的。
总而言之，当老年人用他们丰富的经验启发我们时，他们消耗的比他们生产的更多。与此同时，他们更
容易顺从规则。因此，老年人口的缺点远远超过它的优点。
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11：是否应该保护灭绝动物
Many animal species in the world are becoming extinct nowadays. Some people say that countries and
individuals should protect these animals from dying out, while others say we should concentrate more on
problems of human beings. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
For centuries, the large-scale expansion of human beings has given rise to the extinction of many species in the world.
In consequence, there arise many animal rights activists, who claim that mankind should protect wild animals at any
cost lest they disappear. However, opponents argue that animals should be conserved only when people’s own needs
are satisfied. This essay will analyse both points of view.
Conserving endangered species is essential, as their existence has brought numerous benefits to human beings. Wild
animals are essential components of the delicate ecosystem, and the extinction of one species is likely to cause the
disappearance of another. Also, biodiversity is one of the most valuable assets that humanity possesses. Many
inspirations for inventions derived from various animals, for instance, aeroplanes, which originated from the Wright
bothers’ careful observation and examination of birds. Thus, wild animals can act as an incentive for the development
of the human race
However, in some countries, especially developing countries, the basic interests of human beings have not been
satisfied. Poverty, famine, epidemics, and natural disasters pose a severe threat to many citizens of the world. If the
limited government budget is allocated to animal conservation, many people will face huge difficulty making a living.
Therefore, protecting basic human rights should be the top priority of these countries.
In conclusion, protecting wildlife is of great significance, as it is a vital cornerstone to the survival and future
development of mankind. Nevertheless, the huge financial cost of animal conservation is not what every country can
afford. Therefore, endangered animal species can be conserved only when every country on the planet makes its own
effort. Developed countries should provide financial aid to their poorer counterparts in order to ensure the peaceful
coexistence of animals and human beings.
（295 words）
思路解析：
第一段：提出问题
野生动物是脆弱的生态系统中的一个重要组成部分，一种物种的灭绝会带来其它物种的相继灭绝
第二段：阐述观点1
生物多样性是人类最宝贵的资产, 很多发明都是人类从动物中获得灵感的结果
第三段：阐述观点2
一些发展中国家连人们的基本利益都没有得到满足政府无法投入预算到动物保护领域
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
动物保护需要每一个国家的参与，发达国家应当给予发展中国家资金上的支持，以确保动物与人的和平
共处。
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Extinction of many species 物种灭绝
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At any cost 不惜代价
Delicate ecosystem 微妙的生态系统
Incentive of the existence 存在动机
Derived from 来自
The peaceful coexistence 和平共处
参考译文：
几个世纪以来，人类的大规模扩张导致了世界上许多物种的灭绝。因此，出现了许多动物权利活动家，
他们声称人类应该不惜一切代价保护野生动物，以免它们消失。然而，反对者认为动物应该被保护，只有当
人们自己的需要得到满足。本文将分析这两种观点。
保护濒危物种是至关重要的，因为它们的存在给人类带来了许多好处。野生动物是脆弱生态系统的重要
组成部分，一个物种的灭绝很可能导致另一个物种的消失。此外，生物多样性是人类拥有的最宝贵的资产之
一。许多发明的灵感来源于各种各样的动物，例如飞机，它起源于莱特兄弟对鸟类的仔细观察和检查。因此，
野生动物是人类生存和发展的动力。
然而，在一些国家，特别是发展中国家，人类的根本利益还没有得到满足。贫穷、饥荒、流行病和自然
灾害正对世界上许多公民构成严重威胁。如果将有限的政府预算用于动物保护，许多人将面临巨大的生存困
难。因此，保护基本人权应该是这些国家的首要任务。
总之，保护野生动物是非常重要的，因为它是人类生存和未来发展的重要基石。然而，动物保护的巨大
经济成本并不是每个国家都能负担得起的。因此，只有地球上每个国家都做出自己的努力，濒危动物物种才
能得到保护。发达国家应向贫困国家提供财政援助，以确保动物和人类的和平共处。
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12：贫富差距与社会幸福感
Some people believe that the best way to build a happier society is to ensure that there are only small
differences between the richest and poorest members. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people maintain the view that the smaller the gap between the rich and the poor, the happier the society
becomes. However, in my point of view, this is not always the case.
Admittedly, when the gap between the rich and the poor is small, people will have less sense of deprivation when
comparing their own wealth with that of others. Nevertheless, a smaller gap does not necessarily bring more
happiness to the society. This is the conflict between the size of the economy and the distribution of social wealth
quite common in economics. If a country is trapped in poverty and decides not to develop for fear of expanding the
income gap, then people will enjoy more equality but less wealth and happiness. Besides, if the income gap becomes
too small, the motivation for people to work hard in order to move up the social ladder and earn higher salaries will
decrease. This may encourage laziness, thus hampering social development.
In addition, merely narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor fails to ensure social happiness. Other things like
improving social facilities, the well-fare system and providing more care to the general public will be
more efficient to raise people's sense of happiness. Only by focusing on the well-being of our people, so that the sick
are treated, the old are cared for and the young are educated, can we build a more harmonious society.
In conclusion, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor can reduce people's sense of deprivation.
Nevertheless, this way alone cannot ensure a happier society. What we really need to consider is how to improve the
well-being of our people instead of just thinking about how to decrease the gap.
(285words)
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
我不认为贫富差距越小社会就越幸福
第二段：阐述缩小贫富差距不一定会带来幸福
更小的贫富差距会减小收入差距，助长懒惰，不会带来更多幸福，
第三段：阐述其他缩小贫富差距的路径
社会福利，社会设施的提高会提高人们的幸福感
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
缩小贫富差距不是提升幸福感的途径
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Sense of deprivation 被剥夺感
Trapped in 陷于
Hampering social development 阻碍社会发展
Drag down 拖累
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参考译文：
有些人认为贫富差距越小，社会就越幸福。然而，在我看来，情况并非总是如此。
诚然，当贫富差距很小的时候，人们在比较自己的财富和别人的财富时，就不会有那么强烈的被剥夺感。
然而，更小的差距不一定会给社会带来更多的幸福。这是经济规模和社会财富分配之间的矛盾，在经济学中
很常见。如果一个国家陷入贫困，因为害怕扩大收入差距而决定不发展，那么人们将享受更多的平等，但财
富和幸福会减少。此外，如果收入差距变得太小，人们努力工作以爬上社会阶梯和获得更高的工资的动机将
会减少。这可能会助长懒惰，从而阻碍社会发展。
此外，仅仅缩小贫富差距并不能确保社会幸福。其他诸如改善社会设施、福利制度和为公众提供更多的
照顾等将更有效地提高人们的幸福感。只有关注人民的福祉，让病人得到治疗，让老人得到照顾，让年轻人
受到教育，我们才能建设一个更加和谐的社会。
总之，缩小贫富差距可以减少人们的剥夺感。然而，单靠这种方式并不能确保一个更幸福的社会。我们
真正需要考虑的是如何改善我国人民的福祉，而不是仅仅考虑如何缩小差距。
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13：广告的影响是积极还是消极的
We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives. Do the positive effects of
advertising outweigh its negative effects?
Every year there arise some outstanding advertisements which promote the products and also inspire our creativity as
well. In my opinion, advertisements indeed enrich our lives and makes purchasing more convenient, but we should
not ignore that some poorly made advertisements may lead to misunderstanding.
Various advertisements serve different purposes and their function goes beyond entertaining people. In reality,
advertising boasts some practical significance. For instance, people can get updated information about the latest
products without making any efforts. Modern people are living under great working pressure and pace, so it is hardly
feasible for them to know various products naturally. Advertisements provide them with an alternative which is more
convenient and efficient.
When it comes to the positive effects of advertisements, one thing should never be neglected. It is well known that
not all advertisements serve practical and commercial purposes. Advertisements for public awareness and welfare
should be acknowledged. Their role in promoting social values and advocating good social order has been widely
recognized. For most people, advertisements are far more than a repetitive cajoling which coaxes customers to buy
more. Creative advertisements reflect the intelligence of modern commerce.
However, all these afore-mentioned merits cannot eclipse the dark sides of modern advertising. Surely, nothing is
foolproof, and advertising is no exception. At present, the main problem of the advertising industry lies in the fact
that there is too much misleading and exaggerated information in promotion. And impulse buying is a commonly
seen phenomenon in supermarkets, which is regarded as the consequence of excessive advertising.
So, in my point of view, although advertisements are misleading to some extent, I think advertisements do have a
positive effect on our life in practice.
(279words)
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
广告确实使人们生活更丰富多彩，但广告也有其缺点不该被忽视
第二段：阐述广告的优点一
广告不仅仅是用于娱乐人们，它使得人们更方便的获取信息
第三段：阐述广告的优点二
广告有利于促进社会价值和倡导良好社会秩序，同时广告本身也是有价值信息，体现了商业智慧
第四段：阐述广告的缺点
部分广告宣传有夸大和误导的问题
第五段：总结全文
虽然广告在一定程度上是有误导性的，我认为广告在现实中确实对我们的生活有积极的影响。
参考译文：
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每年都会出现一些优秀的广告来宣传产品，同时也激发了我们的创造力。在我看来，广告确实丰富了我
们的生活，使购买更方便，但我们不应该忽视，一些糟糕的广告可能导致误解
各种各样的广告有不同的用途，其功能不仅仅是娱乐人们。在现实中，广告具有一定的现实意义。例如，
人们不需要做任何努力就可以获得最新产品的更新信息。现代人生活在巨大的工作压力和工作节奏下，主动
了解各种产品是不可能的。广告为他们提供了一个更方便、更有效的选择。
说到广告的积极作用，有一点是绝对不能忽视的。众所周知，并不是所有的广告都为实用和商业目的服
务。应该把提高公众意识和福利的广告钉出来。它在促进社会价值和倡导良好社会秩序方面的作用已得到广
泛承认。对大多数人来说，广告不仅仅是一种重复的哄骗，诱使消费者购买更多的东西。这些创意广告本身
就体现了现代商业智慧。
然而，所有这些优点都不能掩盖现代广告的阴暗面。当然，没有什么是完整的，广告也不例外。目前，
广告行业的主要问题在于广告宣传中存在太多的误导和夸大信息。而冲动购物是超市中常见的一种现象，被
认为是过度广告的结果。
所以，在我看来，虽然广告在一定程度上是有误导性的，我认为广告在现实中确实对我们的生活有积极
的影响。
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14：广告是否阻碍人们追求个性
Advertising discourages us from being different individuals by making us want to be and look the same. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some experts believe that commercials, to a large extent, prevent people from pursuing their individuality primarily
because they make consumers blindly purchase same products such as the latest electronic gadgets and clothes. I am,
however, not convinced by this view.
Admittedly, massive promotion campaigns designed by manufactures could deliberately manipulate consumers’
purchasing behavior towards some specific brands of products and therefore monopolize the market, creating so
called trends or fashions over a short period of time. However, it is by no means to claim that commercials would
influence buyers to such an extent that they all expect to follow the same lifestyle with handsets or dresses designed
by globally prestigious corporations.
After all, most people choose their favorite products mainly out of personal preferences and affordability. Some
luxurious perfumes and handbags, for instance, can only attract some business tycoons living in upper class with
strong financial clouts rather than consumers with average incomes, who would not buy products with stylish shapes
but with numerous practical functions and reasonable prices, no matter how heavily their makers are willing to spend
on commercials. As the ongoing financial crisis drastically dampens people’s purchasing power, this is one of the
reasons why it is ridiculous to assume that advertising can block consumers’ sensitivity to prices and qualities.
In conclusion, despite the fact that advertisements do promote sales among different groups of people, we shall not
become too conscious and expect that everyone would become fan of Apple computers or Chanel’s clothes. The more
likely scenario, by contrast, is that competitions will become increasingly heated as consumers with more and more
diversified tastes and needs are prompt in our current crunch time.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
我不同意广告阻碍人们追求个性
第二段：阐述广告对购买行为的影响
制造商的促销活动会短时间内造成某种需求，但影响不会太大
第三段：阐述人们购买行为的真正出发点
人们买东西主要还是处于喜好和负担能力
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
广告的确能促进销售，但是更多的是促进不同品牌的竞争。
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Pursuing their individuality追求自己的个性
Manipulate consumers’ purchasing behaviour操纵消费者的购买行为
Monopolize the market垄断市场
Business tycoons商业大亨
In upper class在上层阶级
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Ongoing financial crisis正在进行的金融危机
The more likely scenario更有可能的情况
参考译文：
一些专家认为，广告在很大程度上阻碍了人们追求个性，主要是因为它们使消费者盲目地购买相同的产
品，如最新的电子产品和衣服。然而，我不相信这种观点。
诚然，制造商设计的大规模促销活动可能会故意操纵消费者对某些特定品牌产品的购买行为，从而垄断
市场，在短时间内创造所谓的趋势或时尚。然而，这并不是说广告会对消费者产生如此大的影响，以至于他
们都希望通过全球知名企业设计的手机或服装来遵循同样的生活方式。
毕竟，大多数人选择他们最喜欢的产品主要是出于个人喜好和负担能力。一些奢华的香水和手袋,例如,
只能吸引一些商业大亨生活在上层阶级与强劲的金融影响力,而不是消费者平均收入,谁不买产品和时尚的形
状,但许多实用的功能、合理的价格,无论多么严重的厂商愿意花在广告上。当前的金融危机极大地降低了人们
的购买力，这就是为什么认为广告可以阻止消费者对价格和质量的敏感性是荒谬的。
综上所述，尽管广告确实能在不同的人群中促进销售，但我们不应该太在意，也不应该期望每个人都成
为苹果电脑或香奈儿服装的粉丝。相比之下，更有可能出现的情况是，随着品味和需求越来越多样化的消费
者在当前的危机时刻迅速行动起来，竞争将变得越来越激烈。
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15：针对儿童的广告是否有益
Nowadays, a large amount of advertising is aimed at children. Some people think this can have negative effects
on children and should be banned. some people consider advertising will not have a negative effect on children.
Discuss both side and give you own opinion.
More advertising is now aimed at children than ever before. This essay will discuss both sides of this phenomenon
and give my opinion that the government should take measures to regulate relevant advertisements which are aimed
at children.
Many parents argue that advertisements mislead children about the benefits of the products and cause them to form
negative habits. This is true to some extent. A large proportion of advertisements aimed at children promote junk food
and toys that contribute little to children's physical and social development. As it is harder for children to resist the
influence of advertising than for adults, many of them buy advertised junk food and toys, or ask their parents to buy
these products for them. Children who are frequently exposed to advertising are therefore more likely to develop an
unhealthy diet and spend too much time playing with toys.
By contrast, some companies claim that the advertisements of their products provide children with access to a large
amount of useful information. For example, some TV commercials are for educational toys that can develop
children’s thinking abilities, language skills or artistic creativity. There are also advertisements that help to promote
healthy lifestyles among children, such as TV commercials for sports products and outdoor activity products. They
tend to feature famous athletes or natural scenery, and encourage children to lead a more active lifestyle.
My own view is that snack and toy advertising that targets children should be regulated by the government, and more
research on the long-term effects of advertising on the rates of children’s diet-related diseases, such as obesity and
high blood pressure，should be conducted by scientists.
（274ords）
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+复述两者观点
现在针对儿童的广告越来越多的这一趋势引起了家长与广告所宣传的产品生产商之间的辩论。
第二段：阐述观点（广告对儿童的不良影响）
广告对于儿童有误导作用。有很多的广告是向儿童推销垃圾食品和用处不大的玩具，会使儿童形成不良
习惯和浪费太多时间
第三段：阐述观点（广告的积极意义）
广告会让儿童获取有用信息，培养思考能力，语言能力和艺术创造力。同时还有一些广告可以鼓励儿童
培养起积极的生活方式
第四段：总结观点+提升主题
政府需要对那些针对儿童的零食和玩具广告进行严格监管，同时科学界应该对此进行更多研究。
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Mislead sb. about sth 对某人关于某事进行误导
A large proportion of 很大一部分的
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Resist the influence of advertising 抵抗广告的影响
TV commercial 电视广告
Be frequently exposed to 频繁地接触到某一事物的影响
Be regulated by the government 受政府严格的监管
Obesity 肥胖症
High blood pressure 高血压
参考译文：
现在有比以往任何时候都更多的广告针对儿童。本文将从正反两面讨论此现象，并陈述我的观点，政府
应该监管相关广告。
许多家长认为广告对孩子对于产品益处的认识存在着误导作用，并引发了他们的很多坏习惯。这种说法
在一定程度上是真实的。针对儿童的广告中相当一部分是推销垃圾食品和玩具等对孩子的身体和社会技能发
展作用并不大的产品。由于对儿童来说抵御广告的影响要比对成年人来说更难，很多儿童购买广告宣传的垃
圾食品和玩具，或者让他们的家长给他们买。那些频繁受到广告影响的孩子们因而更加容易形成不健康的饮
食习惯，并且在玩具上面花费过多的时间。
对比起来，许多公司则声称自己商品的广告能让儿童获取大量的有用信息。例如，有些电视广告是关于
益智玩具的，这些玩具可以培养孩子的思考能力、语言技能以及艺术创造能力。还有些广告有助于促进儿童
们的健康生活方式，例如运动产品和户外活动产品的电视广告。这些广告往往以体育明星和自然风光为特色，
并且鼓励儿童们遵循积极运动的生活方式。
我的看法是政府需要对那些针对儿童的零食和玩具广告进行严格监管，而且科学家们应该对电视广告对
于儿童当中的饮食相关疾病，例如肥胖和高血压等的发病率的长期影响进行更多研究。
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16：电子产品是否影响了读写能力
Some people think that using mobile phones and computers has a negative effect on young people's reading
and writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Using electronic products such as mobile phones and computers has become an indispensable part of our daily lives.
Some people believe that the popularization of these devices would affect young people's ability to read and write. I
agree with this viewpoint to a great degree.
An important function of these communication tools is to enable people to interact with each other via sound and
pictures. Such activities as making phone calls and sending voice messages and photos can be done with a mobile
phone, which means people have fewer opportunities to read and write. Although some people still write text
messages, the language in this context is quite simple and informal. Therefore, there is every reason to believe that
using mobile phones may undermine young people’s reading and writing skills.
Another essential device in life is the computer which has the same negative effect. When people write on the
computer: they pay less attention to their spelling and grammar, as the mistakes can be corrected automatically with
the help of Office Software. This is particularly harmful to teenagers: who need to practice writing by hand and
develop writing skills at an early age. Some people may argue that the computer and the Internet provide people with
more materials to read: but the fact is that most of the reading done before the screen is about news and only contains
short passages. Fewer young people choose to read literature in books.
Based on the points outlined above, I agree that using computers and mobile phones have a negative impact on young
people's reading and writing ability. It seems unrealistic to ban the use of these devices among them, but we need to
encourage them to stay away from electronic devices for some time in their daily lives.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
我同意电子产品会影响年轻人的读写能力
第二段：阐述原因1
电子产品的交流往往是简单和非正式的，这会影响年轻人的读写能力
第三段：阐述原因2
电脑软件会自动修正拼写和语法错误，同时互联网大多数提供的是新闻短文，而非文学内容
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
让年轻人彻底不用电子产品是不现实的，所以只能建议他们能尽可能少用。
推荐高分词汇/词组：
An indispensable part 不可或缺的一部分
Popularization 推广
Outlined above 上面概述的
Stay away from 远离
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参考译文：
使用电子产品，如手机和电脑已经成为我们日常生活中不可缺少的一部分。一些人认为这些设备的普及
会影响年轻人的读写能力。我在很大程度上同意这个观点。
这些交流工具的一个重要功能是使人们能够通过声音和图片进行交流。像打电话、发语音信息和照片这
样的活动都可以在手机上完成，这意味着人们很少有机会阅读和写作。虽然有些人仍然在发短信，但在这种
语境下的语言是非常简单和非正式的。因此，有充分的理由相信使用手机可能会损害年轻人的阅读和写作技
能。
生活中另一个必不可少的设备是电脑，它也有同样的负面影响。当人们在电脑上写字时:他们很少注意拼
写和语法，因为错误可以通过办公软件自动纠正。这对青少年尤其有害:他们需要在很小的时候就练习写作和
发展写作技能。有些人可能会争辩说电脑和互联网为人们提供了更多的阅读材料:但事实是，大多数在屏幕前
阅读的是新闻和短文。选择阅读文学书籍的年轻人越来越少。
基于以上几点，我同意使用电脑和手机对年轻人的读写能力有负面影响。在他们当中禁止使用这些设备
似乎是不现实的，但是我们需要鼓励他们在日常生活中远离电子设备一段时间。
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17：手机和电脑让人们丧失了面对面交流的能力
Nowadays more and more people are using cell phones and computers to communicate with others. Therefore,
they are losing the ability of face-to-face communication. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
With the rise of technology and new forms of communication, more and more people are using cell phones and
computers to communicate with others. There are some people who believe that because of this we are losing the
ability of face-to-face communication. This essay shall show the strengths and weaknesses of this argument before
coming to the conclusion that I disagree with this statement.
Some people believe that when people communicate through cell phones or computers, they do not practice important
skills for face to face communication. For example, eye contact and reading body language are important aspects of
face to face communication which are not practiced when communicating through a cell phone. Furthermore, the use
of texting means that people only practice premeditated writing, this means they are not used to speaking
spontaneously which is necessary in face to face communication.
However, I believe these views to be extreme and do not think the use of cell phones and computers hinders face to
face communication. Firstly, even though communication through technology is more common, people still
communicate face to face on a regular, daily basis. Therefore, most people practice face to face communication
frequently, regardless of cell phones and computers. Secondly, communication through a cell phone gives people the
opportunity to think more deeply before they reply. For one, it can reduce the chances that people say something
wrong and furthermore it may improve people’s abilities in face to face communication
Therefore, overall, I believe that not only does communication through technology not hinder people’s ability to
communicate face to face, but it may also improve it.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+复述两者观点
手机和电脑是否影响人们面对面交流的能力？我不同意这个观点
第二段：影响交流能力的论点
1，没法锻炼面对面交流的能力；2，不习惯没准备地说话
第三段：促进交流能力的论点
1，人们平时还是会当面交流；2，先思考再交流，促进交流能力
第四段：总结观点+提升主题
通过技术交流不仅不会阻碍人们面对面交流的能力，而且还可能提高它。
参考译文：
随着科技的发展和新的交流方式的出现，越来越多的人使用手机和电脑与他人交流。有些人认为正因为
如此，我们正在失去面对面交流的能力。在得出我不同意这个观点的结论之前，这篇文章将展示这个论点的
优点和缺点。
有些人认为，当人们通过手机或者电脑交流时，他们没有练习面对面交流的重要技能。例如，眼神交流
和肢体语言的阅读是面对面交流的重要方面，而这在通过手机交流时是不练习的。此外，短信的使用意味着
人们只练习有预谋的写作，这意味着他们不习惯自然的说话，这在面对面的交流中是必要的。
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然而，我认为这些观点是极端的，我并不认为使用手机和电脑会阻碍面对面的交流。首先，尽管通过技
术的交流更加普遍，人们仍然进行定期的、日常的面对面的交流。因此，大多数人经常进行面对面的交流，
而很少通过手机电脑。其次，通过手机的交流给人们在回复之前更深入思考的机会，首先，它可以减少人们
说错话的机会，而且它可以提高人们面对面交流的能力
因此，总的来说，我认为，通过技术交流不仅不会阻碍人们面对面交流的能力，而且还可能提高它。
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18：年轻人是否也可以成为领导者
The leaders or directors of organisations are often older people. But some people say that young people can
also be a leader. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is often the case for large organisations to have elderly people as the senior management team. However, it is an
ever more commonly held opinion that young people should also be awarded opportunities to exercise leadership.
Personally, I moderately agree with this view.
Admittedly, appointing elderly people to positions of leadership or as directors in an organisation garners with it a
plethora of benefits, particularly in traditional industry. Firstly, it is undeniable that the old are endowed with rich
experience in management and tend to possess big-picture thinking and long-term vision. They are more considerate
when it comes to forming important decisions and therefore can drive things towards the best possible outcomes.
Besides, compared to young people, the older generation is generally more perseverant and strong-willed when facing
adversity. The elderly are characteristically far more responsible, which is imperative in leadership for the success of
a whole team.
Yet, the counter argument is that young people possess greater creativity and are receptive to new ideas and business
strategies. This is vital for new start-ups, such as an aesthetic design studio or an internet company, in which a
youthful leader can energize and invigorate the entire team! The youth are openminded, and thus receptive to new
ideas and willing to experiment. Younger leaders are superior at comprehending the needs of contemporary youth,
and their products are often immensely popular. In addition to these advantages, young leaders are more energetic and
physically strong, therefore they can better adapt to high-intensity work.
In conclusion, my conception on the matter is that different industries require different managers. Regardless of their
lack of experience, young people should be encouraged to undertake leadership roles and to take on more
responsibilities. In order to compensate for their shortcomings, related training before they exercise leadership and
mentoring programs by the older generation at the workplace are essential.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
老年人担任管理层的情况比较多见，但我认为年轻人也能发挥领导作用。
第二段：老年人担任领导的优势
1，有经验，考虑问题周全；2，面对逆境更有毅力
第三段：年轻人担任领导的必要性
年轻人更有创造力，且担任高层职位更能挖掘领导潜力
第四段：复述观点+提升主题
只要加强培训和老一代的指导，年轻人也能成为优秀的领导者。
参考译文：
在大型组织中，老年人担任高级管理团队的情况并不少见。然而，有一种观点认为，年轻人也应该有机
会发挥领导作用。我个人部分同意这个观点。
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诚然，让老年人担任组织的领导者或董事会带来各种好处。尤其是在传统企业当中。首先，不可否认的
是，老年人有丰富的管理经验，往往有大局观和长远眼光。在做重要决定时，他们会考虑得更周全，因此可
以把事情朝正确的方向推进。此外，与年轻人相比，老一代在面对逆境时通常更有毅力和坚强的意志，他们
更懂得承担责任，这对整个团队来说是非常重要的。
然而，年轻人更有创造力，更容易接受新思想。对于一些新兴企业，比如设计或者互联网，年轻的领导
会让整个团队充满活力。他们乐于接受新观点，并且勇于尝试。年轻的领导者更了解当代的年轻人的需求，
事实上他们的产品也的确更受欢迎。另一方面，年轻的领导拥有更充沛的精力和强壮的身体，这意味着他们
能够更好的适应高强度的工作。
我的观点是，不同行业需要不同的管理者。尽管缺乏经验，但应该鼓励年轻人成为领导者，承担更多的
责任。为了弥补他们的不足，在他们行使领导能力之前，相关培训和老一代人在工作上的指导是必不可少的。
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19：越来越多的女性在外工作，男性在家看娃
In many countries, more and more men are staying at home to look after children when women work full-time.
What are the reasons? Is it a positive or negative development?
There has been a rising trend in many countries for more and more men to stay at home to look after children when
women work full time. This essay shall explore the reasons behind this change before coming to the conclusion that
this is a positive rather than negative development.
The main reason behind this change is that there has been a rise in female equality throughout the world. There was a
time when women were considered inferior to men, and therefore did not have the same access to well-paying and
successful careers. It is an outdated view nowadays. As women’s rights improve and society becomes more equal
then there are more women working in high paying jobs. People understand that it is equally the responsibility of the
man and the woman to look after children.
Some people may say it is negative as it goes against traditional values and that men should be working instead of
looking after children. Men are usually considered to be careless, and taking care of children requires a lot of patience.
Some simply believe that fathers are not as good as mothers at raising children. However, these views are very sexist,
so I don't trust them very much. In addition, in a family, if women can get a higher salary, the family will be in a
better economic condition. This is beneficial to the growth of children. For example, if a mother is a lawyer and the
father is a taxi driver it would be bad for the family if the mother left her job to care for the children at home.
The fact that more and more stay-at-home dads are appearing is evidence that society is becoming more equal. So,
this is a very positive thing.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+复述两者观点
社会上的家庭主夫越来越多，我认为这是一个积极的发展
第二段：现象的原因
这是因为女性平等程度的提高
第三段：讨论这现象是积极的还是消极的
消极的理由：1，违背传统价值观；2，男人不适合带孩子
积极的理由：1，如果女性挣钱更多，那对孩子发展更有利
第四段：总结观点+提升主题
越来越多全职爸爸出现的这一事实证明社会正在变得更加平等。因此，这是一件非常积极的事情。
参考译文：
在许多国家有一种上升的趋势，那就是越来越多的男人在女人全职工作的时候留在家里照看孩子。本文
将探究这种变化背后的原因，然后得出结论，这是一个积极的而不是消极的发展。
这一变化背后的主要原因是世界各地女性平等程度的提高。曾经有一段时间，妇女被认为不如男子，因
此没有同样的机会获得高薪和成功的事业。这是一个过时的观点，随着妇女权利的提高和社会变得更加平等，
有更多的妇女从事高薪工作。人们明白，男女在照顾孩子上有着同样的责任。
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有些人可能会说这是消极的，因为它违背了传统价值观，男人应该工作，而不是照顾孩子。男人通常被
认为是粗心的，而照顾孩子需要很多的耐心。父亲在带孩子这件事上，没有母亲做得好。然而，这些观点是
非常性别歧视的，所以我不太相信他们。另外，在一个家庭中，如果女性能获得更高的薪水，这个家庭将获
得更好的经济条件。这对孩子的成长是有利的。例如，如果母亲是一名律师，父亲是一名出租车司机，如果
母亲辞掉工作在家照顾孩子，对家庭是有害的。
综上所述，越来越多全职爸爸出现的这一事实证明社会正在变得更加平等。因此，这是一件非常积极的
事情。
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20：世上只有妈妈好？
Some people think that fatherhood ought to be emphasised as much as motherhood. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
I believe that child-rearing should be the responsibility of both parents and that, while the roles within that
partnership may be different, they are equal in importance. In some societies, it has been made easier over the years
for single parents to raise children on their own. However, this does not mean that the traditional family, with both
parents providing emotional support and acting as role-models for their children, is not the most satisfactory way of
bringing up children.
Of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we define “responsible for bringing the children up”. At its simplest, it
could mean giving the financial support necessary to provide a home, food and clothes and making sure the child is
safe and receives an adequate education. This would be the basic definition.
There is, however, another possible way of defining that statement. That would be to say that it is not just the fathers’
responsibility to provide the basics for his children, while his wife is busy with the everyday activity of bringing them
up. Rather, he should share these daily duties, spend as much time as his job allows with his children, play with them,
read to them, help directly with their education, participate fully in their lives and encourage them to share his.
It is this second, fuller, concept of “fatherhood” that I am in favor of, although I also realize how difficult it is to
achieve sometimes. The economic and employment situation in many countries means that jobs are getting more, not
less, stressful, requiring long hours and perhaps long commutes to work as well. Therefore equality in parenting roles
may remain for many a desirable ideal rather than an achievable reality.
（287 words）
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+表明观点
单身父母抚养孩子越来越普遍，但我认为养育子女是父母双方的责任
第二段：阐述养育子女的定义
抚养孩子就是提供教育，生活所需的物品及金钱
第三段：阐述父亲应该承担母亲的部分责任
父亲应该承担母亲抚养孩子的日常生活这方面的责任，而不是只在其他方面承担责任
第四段：陈述观点+提升主题
推荐高分词汇/词组：
Child-rearing 养育孩子
Are equal in importance 同等重要
Participate fully in 充分参与
A desirable ideal 一种理想化的状态
An achievable reality 能够企及的现实
参考译文：
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我认为，养育子女应该是父母双方的责任，虽然这种伙伴关系中的作用可能不同，但它们的重要性是平
等的。在一些社会中，多年来单身父母独自抚养孩子变得更加容易。然而，这并不意味着父母双方都为孩子
提供情感支持和榜样的传统家庭不是最令人满意的抚养孩子的方式。
在我看来，至关重要的是我们如何定义“抚养孩子的责任”。简单地说，这可能意味着提供必要的财政
支助，以提供住房、食物和衣服，并确保儿童安全并接受适当的教育。这是基本的定义
然而，还有另一种可能的方法来定义这部分问题。也就是说，父亲的责任不仅仅当他的妻子忙于抚养孩
子的日常活动时，是为孩子提供基本的生活必需品。相反，他应该分担这些日常责任，在工作允许的范围内
尽可能多地花时间和孩子们在一起，陪他们玩，给他们读书，直接帮助他们接受教育，充分参与他们的生活，
鼓励他们分享自己的生活。
我支持的是第二个、更全面的“父亲身份”概念，尽管我也意识到，有时要做到这一点是多么困难。许
多国家的经济和就业情况意味着，工作压力越来越大，而不是越来越小，工作时间越来越长，上下班的时间
也越来越长。因此，对许多人来说，父母角色的平等可能仍然是一个理想的理想，而不是一个可以实现的现
实。
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21：如何解决自然资源枯竭的问题
Natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an increasing rate. What
problems does this cause? How can they be solved?
Nowadays, many people are concerned that the earth’s finite reserves, including fossil fuels, woodland and water
resources, are being carelessly squandered. At the same time, however, there is some uncertainty as to the problems
this causes, and how they might be solved. This essay will review the issues in an effort to seek some answers.
To begin with, there is no doubt that oil is a key international commodity, and endless wars are still being fought to
control the remaining supplies as they dwindle away. Moreover, a similar situation exists with water, whose reserves
may not be quite as close to exhaustion, but countries are nevertheless damming rivers and threatening neighbours in
anticipation of shortages to come. In addition, the destruction of rain forests around the globe has contributed to
climate change and the extinction of species, causing lasting damage to the ecological balance.
On the other hand, as regards solutions, the oil price is already falling with reduced demand as science and
technology provide much-needed answers, especially in the form of electric vehicles and green energy. In addition,
fresh water supplies could be conserved by better management, eliminating pollution, creating treaties among
neighbouring countries, and developing desalination technology in coastal nations. Furthermore, rain forest
destruction could be mitigated by recycling technology if plastics and other waste could be locally converted into
cheap, light construction materials.
To summarize, there is no doubt that the negligent waste of natural resources is a sad testament to human apathy and
greed. At the same time, however, thanks to contemporary technology, alternative resources and improved
conservation can be achieved. In the final analysis, however, the simple answer is that countries need to switch from
fighting over resources to constructive cooperation.
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+表明观点
燃料森林淡水资源面临短缺，下文会回顾原因，寻找答案。
第二段：资源缺乏导致的后果
各种资源缺乏将会导致战争，资源的抢夺和生态失衡。
第三段：解决资源缺乏的方法
新能源的开发，高水平的管理和废物回收再利用。
第四段：总结观点
资源缺乏已成现实，从争夺资源转向建设性合作才是解决之道。
中文翻译：
现在，许多人担心地球有限的储备，包括化石燃料，森林和水资源，正在被随意浪费。然而，与此同时，
这造成的问题以及如何解决这些问题还存在一些不确定性。这篇文章将回顾这些问题，以寻求一些答案。
首先，毫无疑问，石油是一种关键的国际大宗商品，随着剩余供应的减少，为了控制剩余供应，无休止
的战争仍在进行。此外，水也有类似的情况，其储藏量可能没有那么接近枯竭，但各国仍在拦河筑坝，并威
胁邻国，因为预期将出现短缺。此外，全球雨林的破坏导致了气候变化和物种灭绝，对生态平衡造成了持久
的破坏。
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另一方面，在解决方案方面，由于科学技术提供了迫切需要的答案，特别是以电动汽车和绿色能源的形
式提供的答案，石油价格已经随着需求的减少而下降。此外，可以通过更好的管理、消除污染、在邻国之间
建立条约以及在沿海国家发展脱盐技术来保存淡水供应。此外，如果塑料和其他废物能够在当地转化为廉价、
轻便的建筑材料，那么利用回收技术可以减轻对雨林的破坏。
总而言之，毫无疑问，对自然资源的疏忽浪费是人类冷漠和贪婪的可悲证明。然而，与此同时，由于当
代技术，可以实现替代资源和更好的保护。然而，归根结底，简单的答案是，各国需要从争夺资源转向建设
性合作。
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22：谁该为环境保护负责？
The central government, the city government and individuals should all be responsible for protecting the
environment. Do you agree or disagree?
I agree with the view that the central government, the local government and citizens all have responsibility for
environmental protection. But I also think that they should bear the burden according to their own sphere of
operation.
The central government can make and enforce environmental laws. It can also carry out environmental improvement
projects of national scale because they are projects that only the central government has the authority and resources to
carry out. The central government also has public media resources to mobilize public opinions as its environmental
projects need public support.
Municipalities also have their roles to play because of their knowledge about their cities and their authority to grant
construction permission and build waste disposal and sewage treatment facilities. Local governments also have
control over local school districts and are therefore able to set up environmental education programmes to increase
students environmental awareness in primary and secondary schools.
Environmental protection also involves changes in citizen’s attitudes and lifestyles. They can choose public transport,
cycling or walking over driving private cars to reduce carbon emissions. As consumers, individuals can select
environmentally-friendly products over less eco-friendly choices. Also, by giving up smoking, smokers can help
themselves as well as other citizens to reduce the risk of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, it is always individuals
who are in the best position to encourage and persuade other individuals to care for the environment.
In conclusion, I believe that the central government, local governments and individuals all have responsibility for
protecting the environment. Only through wide-ranging and well- coordinated efforts at national, municipal and
individual levels can environmental protection be truly successful.
（268words）
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+陈述观点
我同意这个观点，同时我也认为他们应该根据自身活动的范围来肩负责任。
第二段：阐述政府的观点
中央政府应该在环境保护法规上执行环保项目，同时也需要通过大众媒体资源来推动公众意识
第三段：阐述城镇政府观点
城镇政府对本地情况很了解，他们可以通过建立废物处理厂和污水处理系统的方式推动环保。同时也可
以推进本地学校设立环保课程。
第四段：阐述个人的观点
个人可以选择环保的出行方式、购买环保产品及戒烟来保护环境
第五段：复述观点+提升主题
通过国家地方和个人层面的广泛并且协调良好的合作，环境保护才能真正成功
参考译文：
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我同意中央政府、地方政府和每个公民都应该对环境保护负责的观点。但我也认为他们应该根据自身活
动的范围来肩负责任。
中央政府应该制定环境保护法规并在国家层面上执行环保项目，因为这些项目只有中央次 府才有权力
和资源去执行。而且在这些环保项目需要公众支持时，中央政府还拥有大众媒体资源来推动公众意识。
城镇政府在环境保护中也要扮演好他们的角色。他们对自己所在的城市很了解，并且拥有颁布建设许可
和建立废弃物处理厂与污水处理系统的权力。另外，地方政府负责对本地学区的 管理，所以他们能在中小学
里设立环境保护教育课程以提高学生们的环境意识。
环境同样受到民众们的态度和生活方式的巨大影响。例如，民众可以选择乘坐公交、骑自行车或者走路
而不是开私家车来减少碳排放与有毒物质的排放。类似地，作为消费者个人可以 选择环保产品，而不是不够
环保的选择。而且通过戒烟，吸烟者们能在帮助自己的同时也帮助他人降低患呼吸道疾病的可能性。再者，
个人总是最有资格去鼓励并且劝说其他个人爱护 环境。
总而言之，我相信中央政府、当地政府和个人都应该对保护环境负有责任。只有通过国家地方和个人层
面的广泛并且协调良好的合作，环境保护才能真正成功，
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23：成年人工作后跟父母居住的利弊
In some countries, more and more adults choose to continue to live with their parents after they graduate and
have found jobs. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh its disadvantages?
As the modern world changes, it is becoming a much more frequent trend for adults to continue to live with their
parents after they graduate and have found jobs. Although, there may be some disadvantages to living with one’s
parents this essay shall explain why the advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
Firstly, the modern housing and rent market has gone through a crisis in recent years making it very difficult for
young adults to afford to live by themselves. In many countries the idea of buying one’s own house is not a
possibility for young adults with property prices far beyond what they can earn in the early stages of their careers.
Furthermore, for many young adults in urban areas, rent prices can come to be as much as two thirds of a person’s
monthly income. Therefore, moving out of your home as a young adult is a costly and difficult situation which many
people would rather postpone.
Furthermore, continuing to live in one’s parent’s home offers financial security and stability. Whilst living with one’s
parents, a young adult does not have to pay an exorbitant rent, and bills and expenses can be split between the family.
This allows a young adult to save money and therefore afford a nicer house in the long-term rather than if they left
home straight away.
Thus, to conclude, whilst living with one’s parents may deny an individual a certain degree of freedom, the financial
benefits in the long term are far more advantageous. Therefore, the advantages of this trend far outweigh its
disadvantages.
[259 words]
思路解析：
第一段：改写题目+提出观点
成年人依然和父母居住的趋势不断增长，我认为这利大于弊。
第二段：独自生活的缺点
房租高昂，经济负担重
第三段：和父母居住的优点
经济负担小，长远看更能存钱买自己的房子。
第四段：总结观点
和父母同住虽然不自由，但利大于弊。
参考译文：
随着现代世界的变化，成年人毕业后找工作后继续和父母住在一起的趋势不断增长。虽然，与父母生活
可能有一些缺点，这篇文章将解释为什么利大于弊。
首先，现代住房和租赁市场近年来经历了一场危机，使得年轻人很难独自生活。在许多国家，年轻人不
可能有买房的想法，因为房价远远超出了他们职业生涯早期的收入。此外，对城市地区的许多年轻人来说，
房租可能高达一个人月收入的三分之二。因此，作为一个年轻人搬出你的家是一个昂贵和困难的情况，许多
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人宁愿推迟。
此外，继续住在父母家里提供了经济上的安全和稳定。与父母同住时，年轻人不必支付过高的房租，账
单和开支可以在家庭中分摊。这让年轻人可以省钱，因此从长远来看，他们可以买得起更好的房子，而不是
直接离开家。
因此，综上所述，虽然与父母住在一起可能会剥夺个人一定程度的自由，但从长远来看，经济利益要有
利得多。因此，这一趋势的优点远大于缺点。
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24：富国应该给穷国提供除了财政援助之外的其他帮助吗？
Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty. So rich countries should
give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Financial support has been given to underdeveloped nations for many years as a means of bringing them out of
poverty. However, it seems useless in most of the situations, in this case, other feasible solutions should be
considered,. I moderately agree with the latter opinion, especially for poorer countries' long-term development, and
I offer my reasons for this thinking below.
Admittedly, the money offered by developed countries helps the economic and administrative system within the
undeveloped nations to operate once again. With higher governmental budgets, it is possible to purchase or import
more resources and modern techniques. Consequently, the economy and living standards of the residents can be
enhanced, resulting in greater production because the workers are more motivated as they see the benefits this
brings to their nation. Many low income countries such as Laos and Cambodia have benefited in this way.
Nevertheless, it is undeniable that most impoverished countries are poor because of the lack of available access to
resources, which emphasizes the need for other forms of aid. Moreover, money can only relieve short-term
concerns instead of solving economic matters permanently. In this situation, wealthier countries are supposed to
help poorer countries by offering technologies and a wide range of resources, ranging from human resources like
professional workers, experts in the infrastructure field to medical care services and support for the education
system. With a greater range of different forms of aid available including all the factors of production, the
underdeveloped nations are able to establish their own assembly line and become self-reliant in the long run.
To summarize, it is true that financial aid should be offered to impoverished countries since it can solve their urgent
economic concerns in the short term. But providing other types of aid would still be more rational in the long run.
Therefore, if people really want to help those countries out of poverty, providing other forms of aid is more justified.
思路解析：
第一段：复述标题+表达观点
我同意财政援助是无效的方法。
第二段：陈述财政援助的好处
1：有能力购买更多的资源和技术
2：促进生产力
第三段：陈述其他方式的援助的好处
1：贫穷国家是因为缺乏资料，并不是资金，资金只能解决短期问题
2：应通过提供技术，基建医疗教育等援助让他们自力更生
第四段：提炼观点
财政援助只能解决短期问题，但其他援助才是长久之计
参考译文：
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多年来一直向不发达国家提供财政支持，作为使它们摆脱贫困的一种手段。然而，在大多数情况下，它
似乎是无用的，在这种情况下，应该考虑其他可行的解决方案。我比较同意后一种观点，特别是对于贫
穷国家的长期发展，我在下面给出了我的理由。
诚然，发达国家提供的资金有助于不发达国家内部的经济和行政体系再次运行。随着政府预算的增加，
就有可能购买或进口更多的资源和现代技术。因此，居民的经济和生活水平可以提高，从而产生更大的
生产，因为工人看到这给他们的国家带来的好处，更有动力。老挝和柬埔寨等许多低收入国家通过这种
方式受益。
然而，不可否认的是，大多数贫穷国家之所以贫穷，是因为无法获得资源，这就强调了需要其他形式的
援助。此外，金钱只能缓解短期的担忧，而不能永久地解决经济问题。在这种情况下，富裕国家应该通
过提供技术和广泛的资源来帮助贫穷国家，从专业人员等人力资源，基础设施领域的专家，到医疗保健
服务和教育系统的支持。有了包括所有生产要素在内的范围更广的各种不同形式的援助，不发达国家就
能够建立自己的装配线，并从长远来看变得自力更生。
综上所述，财政援助确实应该提供给贫困国家，因为它可以在短期内解决他们迫切的经济问题。但从长
远来看，提供其他类型的援助仍将更为理性。因此，如果人们真的想帮助这些国家摆脱贫困，提供其他
形式的援助是更合理的。
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25：如何鼓励人们更广泛地使用自行车？
Many people believe that bicycles are a healthy and environmentally friendly mode of transport. However, it is no
longer the main form of transport. What are the reasons? What could be done to encourage the use of bicycles
among the wider population?
In today's society, private cars and public transportation have become the main means for transportation for most
people. It is noted that the bicycle has largely been replaced even though it is a green form of transportation. This
essay is going to discuss why this phenomenon exists and how to popularize its use with the public.
There are two main reasons explaining the decline of bicycle riding. To start with, urban planning has widened cities
which means that plenty of people have to take long-distance travel to go to school or work. In this case, the
features of the bike restrict its usage, as the low speed is unsuitable for long distances. Thus, it is unrealistic to
choose a bike for long-distance commuting. Apart from that, an increasing number of people desire to have pleasant
travel experiences instead of merely aiming to reach their destinations. Unlike bikes, on which riders are exposed to
the sun, most motor vehicles can offer travelers air-conditioning, instead.
Luckily, thanks to the widespread application of technology, an increasing number of people are becoming bike
lovers in many metropolises. The most popular and effective programmes are the shared bike schemes in almost
every mega city in the modern world. After commuters come out of the rail or tube system, they can easily take a
shared bike to reach their homes quickly. Besides, additional campaigns could hugely improve citizens’
environmental awareness, paving the way for the popularity of bike riding as more individuals start to care about
their physical health and adopt a low carbon lifestyle.
To summarize, in the recent past, the development of urbanization and technology hastened the elimination of
bicycles. Now, however, more and more urbanites are becoming bike riders due to the attractions of a healthier
lifestyle. Therefore, popularizing the shared bike programs would motivate even more people to start cycling.
思路解析：
第一段：复述标题+表达观点
自行车被取代了，下文将叙述现象的出现原因。
第二段：使用自行车人数的减少原因
1：城市变大，自行车不适合长距离通勤。
2：汽车和公共交通能提供舒适的通勤条件，例如空调和避免暴晒
第三段：如何提倡人们使用自行车
1：共享自行车有利于鼓励人们更多使用自行车来换乘
2：更多的宣传活动能鼓励人们更多地使用自行车进行低碳出行
第四段：总结观点
城市化降低了自行车的使用率，但通过推广共享单车项目将鼓励人们更多的用自行车出行。
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参考译文：
在当今社会，私家车和公共交通工具已经成为大多数人的主要交通工具。值得注意的是，尽管自行车是
一种绿色的交通方式，但它在很大程度上已经被取代了。这篇文章将讨论为什么这一现象存在，以及如
何推广使用它的公众。
有两个主要原因可以解释骑自行车人数的减少。首先，城市规划拓宽了城市，这意味着许多人不得不长
途旅行去上学或工作。在这种情况下，自行车的特性限制了它的使用，因为低速不适合长距离行驶。因
此，选择自行车进行长途通勤是不现实的。除此之外，越来越多的人希望有愉快的旅行体验，而不是仅
仅为了到达目的地。与自行车不同的是，骑自行车的人要暴露在阳光下，而大多数机动车可以为旅行者
提供空调。
幸运的是，由于技术的广泛应用，在许多大城市越来越多的人成为自行车爱好者。最受欢迎和最有效的
项目是现代世界几乎每个大城市的共享自行车计划。通勤者走出铁路或地铁系统后，他们可以很容易地
乘坐一辆共享自行车快速到达他们的家。此外，更多的活动可以极大地提高公民的环境意识，随着越来
越多的人开始关心自己的身体健康，采取低碳生活方式，为骑自行车的普及铺平道路。
综上所述，近年来，城市化和科技的发展加速了自行车的消亡。然而，现在越来越多的都市人由于更健
康的生活方式的吸引，开始骑自行车。因此，推广共享单车项目将激励更多的人开始骑车。
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安小雅
雅思写作素材
（A 类小作文）
2023.9-12 月
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写作小作文使用说明：
雅思写作小作文没法预测。
下列的文章只是罗列了各类题型的参考范文。
目录
混合图表： ................................................................................................................................................................... 59
No. 1：Mode of transportation ............................................................................................................................ 59
饼图 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 61
No. 1：Waste Products ......................................................................................................................................... 61
No. 2：Spending and population .......................................................................................................................... 63
柱状图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65
No. 1：Consumer goods ....................................................................................................................................... 65
线状图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 67
No. 1：Consumption of meat ............................................................................................................................... 67
No. 2：Gold sales .................................................................................................................................................. 69
表格图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 70
No. 1：Sales of coffee and bananas ..................................................................................................................... 70
No. 2：YouTube data ............................................................................................................................................ 72
地图题： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 74
No. 1：The town of Garlsdon ............................................................................................................................... 74
No. 2：Island ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
流程图： ....................................................................................................................................................................... 78
No. 1：Bricks Manufactured ................................................................................................................................. 78
No. 2：Life of bee ................................................................................................................................................. 80
No. 3：Produce electricity .................................................................................................................................... 82
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混合图表：
No. 1：Mode of transportation
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table shows the percentage of journeys made by different forms of transport in four countries,
The bar graph shows the results of a survey into car use in Canada.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The table compares modes of transport used in four countries: Canada, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.
The percentage of journeys made by car, bicycle, public transport and on foot is given. The bar chart shows the
results of a survey into reasons people in Canada travel to work by car.
As can be seen from the table, cars are the most frequently used form of transport in all four countries.
However, the proportion of journeys made by car ranges from a low of 47 per cent in the Netherlands to a high
of 90 per cent in Canada. Figures for the other forms of transport also varies considerably. Not surprisingly, in
the Netherlands, a high proportion of trips were made by bicycle (26%) and on foot (18%). The highest rate of
public transport use is in Germany, where nearly one in five journeys is made by public transport.
The bar chart provides information that may help explain why car use in Canada. The most frequently cited
reason is lack of any other alternative (38%). Although a sizable percentage says it is more convenient (22%),
the other listed factors appear to relate more to need than preference, e.g. working night shift.
Overall, the figures show considerable variation in modes of transport used, though the car continues to
dominate in most contexts.
(223 words)
中文翻译：
该表格比较了四个国家的交通方式，分别是加拿大、比利时、德国和荷兰。同时，它提供了乘坐汽车、
自行车、公共交通工具和步行出行的比例。该柱状图显示了加拿大人开车上班的原因调查的结果。
从表格中可以看出，汽车是这四个国家最常用的交通工具。然而，汽车出行的比例从荷兰的 47%到加拿
大的90%浮动不等。其他交通方式的比例也相差很大。令人不意外的是，在荷兰，骑自行车和步行的比
例很高(26%)。德国的公共交通使用率最高，近五分之一的出行都是乘坐公共交通工具。
该柱状图提供的信息可能有助于解释为什么汽车在加拿大使用的较多。最常被引用的原因是缺乏其他选
择(38%)。尽管有相当比例的人(22%)认为这更方便，但其他列出的因素似乎更多地与需求有关，而不是
偏好，例如夜班工作。
总的来说，尽管汽车在大多数情况下仍占主导地位，数据显示在交通方式的使用上，各地有相当大的不
同。
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饼图
No. 1：Waste Products
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie charts below show how dangerous waste products are dealt with in three countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The charts compare three countries in terms of the methods they use to treat hazardous waste products.
Overall, recycling is the most widely-used approach to treating hazardous waste in Korea, in contrast to
Sweden and the UK which rely mainly on landfills. Furthermore, the United Kingdom employs a more varied
set of waste handling schemes.
In Korea, the most significant share of dangerous waste (69%) is recycled. The second highest proportion, 22%,
is buried underground while less than half this figure is incinerated.
Sweden, on the other hand, favours landfills over the other two approaches since more than half of all
dangerous waste is buried underground. There is little difference between the shares of recycling and burning,
as the former accounts for 25% whereas the share of the latter is lower by a margin of 5%.
The most popular method in the United Kingdom, like in Sweden, is burying which contributes 82%. The UK
also dumps 8% of its waste at sea while treating a similar proportion with chemicals to render it harmless.
Incineration is responsible for a mere 2%.
(180 words)
中文翻译：
图表比较了三个国家处理危险废物的方法。
总的来说，废物回收是韩国最广泛使用的处理危险废物的方法，而瑞典和英国主要依靠垃圾填埋场。此
外，英国采用一套更加多样化的废物处理计划。
在韩国，危险废物的最大比例(69%)被回收。第二高的比例，22%，废物被埋在地下，而不到该数值一
半的废物被焚烧。
另一方面，瑞典更倾向于填埋，因为超过一半的危险废物都埋在地下。在回收和燃烧的份额之间有很小
的区别，因为前者占25%，而后者的份额比前者低5%。
英国和瑞典一样，最流行的方法是填埋，占 82%。英国还将 8%的垃圾倾倒在海上，同时用化学物质处
理相似比例的垃圾，使其无害化。焚烧仅占2%。
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No. 2：Spending and population
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The charts below give information about world spending and population.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Example answer：
The pie charts compare the shares of four major items in global expenditure, as well as how global population
is distributed.
Overall, the largest proportion of money in the world is allocated to food, while transport, housing and clothing
are other significant items. Moreover, the population of Asia is responsible for the largest group of humans.
According to the first chart, the most significant amounts are paid for food (almost a quarter of global
expenditure) and transport (almost 20%), while housing also accounts for a considerable proportion. The least
among the four is spent on clothing (merely 6 percent) and the remaining 40% is spent on a variety of other
items.
The second chart shows that there is a significant difference between the population of Asia and that of other
continents since approximately 3 out of every 5 human beings live in Asia. Europe and the Americas share
similar proportions and together are host to roughly one-third of the world’s population, while the inhabitants
of Africa form a mere one-tenth.
(170 words)
中文翻译：
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饼状图比较了四个主要项目在全球支出中的份额，以及全球人口的分布情况。
总的来说，全球范围内，最多的资金被用于食品，而交通、住房和服装是其他重要项目。此外，亚洲是
世界上人口最多的地区。
根据第一个图表，最显著的金额是支付食品(几乎占全球支出的四分之一)和交通(几乎 20%)，而住房也
占相当大的比例。这四个项目中花在衣服上的钱最少(只有 6%)，剩下的 40%花在各种各样的其他物品
上。
第二张图表显示，亚洲人口与其他大陆人口之间存在着显著的差异，因为大约每 5个人中就有3个人生
活在亚洲。欧洲和美洲的人口比例相似，约占世界人口的三分之一，而非洲的居民仅占十分之一。
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柱状图：
No. 1：Consumer goods
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The diagram compares how much money was spent on six different products in Germany, Italy, France and
Britain.
Overall, more money was spent on toys and photographic film than on any other product. Also, the British
were the biggest spenders in all six categories among the nations compared in the bar chart, while the lowest
spending levels were attributed to German consumers.
In Britain, the highest amount of money was spent on photographic film (more than 170 million pounds), while
similar amounts were spent on personal stereos and tennis racquets which together ranked last.
The French spent the second highest amount of money among the four nations on compact disks, toys and
photographic film, while they ranked last in personal stereos, tennis racquets and colognes.
Italian consumers spent more money on toys than on any other product (a bit less than £160 million), but they
also paid a lot for photographic film.
Finally, Germans spent the least overall, having similar spending figures for all 6 products compared in the
chart.
(170 words)
中文翻译：
图表对比了德国、意大利、法国和英国在六种不同产品上的花费。
总的来说，他们花在玩具和胶卷上的钱比花在其他任何产品上的钱都多。此外，在柱状图所对比的国家
中，英国人在所有六个类别中都是最大的消费者，而最低的消费水平被认为是德国消费者。
在英国，花在胶卷上的钱最多(超过 1.7 亿英镑)，而花在音响和网球拍上的钱也差不多，两者加在一起
排在最后。
在这四个国家中，法国人在光盘、玩具和胶卷方面的消费位居第二，而在立体声音响、网球拍和古龙水
方面的消费则排在最后。
意大利消费者花在玩具上的钱比其他任何产品都多(略低于 1.6 亿英镑)，但他们也花了很多钱在照相胶
卷上。
最后，德国人在整体上花费最少，在图表中所有6种产品上的花费都差不多。
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线状图：
No. 1：Consumption of meat
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European
country between 1979 and 2004.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The diagram compares changes in consumption figures for different kinds of meat and fish in a country in
Europe from 1979 to 2004. Overall, although beef was initially the most popular type of meat, it was overtaken
by chicken towards the end of the survey. In contrast, the figure for fish remained the least significant
throughout the period.
In the first year, beef had a consumption of about 225 grams per person per week, after which it experienced a
sudden drop of 50 before increasing to about 230 in 1984. There were small fluctuations until 1989, which was
followed by a dramatic decrease to around half as high as its original level in 2004.
The figure for lamb was initially almost as high as that for chicken (around 150 grams). However, while the
former declined gradually as it reached approximately 60 in the last year, the latter saw a considerable growth
and outstripped beef consumption in 1989, peaking at 250 in 2004.
Fish consumption was originally approximately 60 grams and experienced a small fall of about 10 over the
period.
(180 words)
中文翻译：
该图比较了一个欧洲国家从1979年到2004年不同种类的肉和鱼的消费数字的变化。总体而言，尽管牛
肉最初是最受欢迎的肉类，但在调查接近尾声时，鸡肉取代了牛肉。相比之下，鱼类的数据在整个期间
保持最低。
在第一年，牛肉的消费量为每人每周225克左右，之后又突然下降了50克，直到1984年才上升到230
克左右。1989年以前有过小幅波动，随后急剧下降到2004年最初水平的一半左右。
起初，羊肉的消费量几乎和鸡肉一样高(约150克)。但是，羊肉消费量在去年达到了60个左右，逐渐减
少，但鸡肉消费量在1989年大幅增加，2004年达到了250个，超过了牛肉消费量。
鱼的消费量最初约为60克，在此期间经历了约10克的小幅下降。
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No. 2：Gold sales
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below gives information about Dubai gold sales in 2002.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Example answer：
The diagram illustrates how gold sales in Dubai changed from January to December 2002.
Overall, the figure fluctuated widely before returning to its original level at the end of the year. Besides, gold
sales were at their highest in March, while the weakest figures could be observed in July and September.
In the first month of 2002, the figure stood at 200 million dirhams and rose slightly to reach about 225 million
in February. This was followed by another increase, although much steeper, in March when sales hit 350
million. However, this upward trend was suddenly broken and sales declined dramatically over the next 4
months to reach a little over 100 million in July. August sales saw a significant rise back to January levels as
the figure nearly doubled, but it dropped again in September to the same level as it was in July. There was a
small increase of about 100 million dirhams in October, after which the figure levelled off and remained
relatively unchanged over the last two months of 2002.
(174 words)
中文翻译：
该图显示了2002年1月至12月迪拜黄金销售的变化情况。
总的来说，这一数字波动很大，直到年底才回到原来的水平。此外，黄金销售在 3 月份达到最高水平，
而在7月和9月出现了最弱的数据。
在2002年的第一个月，这一数字为2亿迪拉姆，并在2月份小幅上升至2.25亿迪拉姆。紧随其后的是
另一次增长，但幅度要大得多，3 月份的销量达到了 3.5 亿。然而，这一上升趋势突然被打破，在接下
来的4个月里，销量急剧下降，在7月份达到了1亿多万。8月份的销售额几乎翻了一番，恢复到1月
份的水平，但 9 月份又下降到了 7 月份的水平。10 月份有大约 1 亿迪拉姆的小幅增长，之后这个数字
趋于平稳，并在2002年最后两个月保持相对不变。
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表格图：
No. 1：Sales of coffee and bananas
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999
and 2004 in five European countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answers：
The tables show how fair-trade coffee and banana sales changed in five countries in 2004 compared to 1999.
Overall, Coffee sales rose in all countries with the highest sales observed in the UK. Banana sales also rose in
all but two countries, and were highest in the UK.
In 1999, the most significant coffee sales, 3 million (3m) euros were reported in Switzerland, and they doubled
in 2004. The figure for the UK was originally 50% lower than that for Switzerland (1.5m) while sales in
Denmark were slightly higher (1.8m). However, while the former rose dramatically to 20m, the latter remained
relatively stable. There was little difference between the figures for Belgium (1m) and Sweden (0.8m), and
both experienced noticeable increases to 1.7m and 1m, respectively.
UK had the highest banana sales in both years, as they rose over threefold from 15 million euros to 47m. Swiss
sales were originally almost twice as high as those of Denmark (1 and 0.6m, respectively), and both surged,
reaching 5.5 and 4m. There was little difference between the figures for Sweden and Belgium (2 and 1.8m,
respectively), and both nearly halved to reach about 1m in 2004.
(193 words)
中文翻译：
该图表显示了五个国家在2004年与1999年的公平贸易咖啡和香蕉销售额的变化。总的来说，所有国家
的咖啡销量都有所增长，其中英国的销量最高。除了两个国家外，其他国家的香蕉销量也都有所增长，
其中英国的香蕉销量最高。
1999年，瑞士的咖啡销售额达到了300万欧元，这一数字在2004年翻了一番。英国的这一数字最初比
瑞士(150 万)低 50%，而丹麦的销量略高一些(180 万)。然而，尽管前者急剧上升至 2000 万，后者仍保
持相对稳定。比利时(100 万)和瑞典(80 万)的数字相差不大，而且都经历了显著的增长，分别达到 170
万和100万。
英国的香蕉销量在这两年中都是最高的，从1500万欧元增长到4700万欧元，增长了三倍多。最初，瑞
士的销量几乎是丹麦的两倍(分别为100万和60万)，之后两者的销量都激增至550万和400万。瑞典和
比利时的数字相差不大(分别为200万和180万)，2004年，这两个国家的数字几乎减半，达到约100万。
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No. 2：YouTube data
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements and average length of time
viewers spend watching them. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features.
Write at least 150 words.
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements by sector and average length of time
viewers spent watching these advertisements.
The average length of the advertisements varied from a low of 21.8 seconds for pharmaceuticals to a high of
66.7 for public service advertisements. With the exception of government- and technology- related
advertisements, in general, products and services which required a large financial commitment tended to have
longer advertisements. Entertainments, financial services and travel advertisements, for example, were all
twenty eight seconds on average or longer. Less expensive products, on the other hand, such as consumer
electronics, clothing and medicines, tended to have shorter advertisements.
Adverts for more expensive products or services also tended to be watched for longer than adverts for less
expensive items. Viewers on average watched more than 50 per cent of advertisements for entertainment, travel,
business and finance. In contrast, viewers tended to watch less of government advertisements and
advertisements for cheaper goods such as consumer electronics, clothing and medicines.
Overall, length of YouTube video advertisements and length of time spent viewing such advertisements appears
to be associated with the perceived cost of the product or service being advertised.
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这个表格显示了YouTube视频广告的平均长度，以及观众观看这些广告的平均时间长度。
广告的平均长度从药品广告的 21.8 秒到公益广告的 66.7 秒不等。除了政府和技术相关的广告外，一般
来说，需要大量资金投入的产品和服务的广告往往较长。例如，娱乐、金融服务和旅游广告的平均时长
均为28秒或更长。另一方面，较便宜的产品，如消费电子产品、服装和药品，广告往往较短。
价格较高的产品或服务广告也往往比价格较低的产品或服务广告被观看的时间更长。观众平均观看了超
过50%的娱乐、旅游、商业和金融广告。相比之下，观众倾向于收看较少的政府广告，以及消费电子产
品、服装和药品等廉价商品的广告。
总的来说，YouTube视频广告的长度和观看这些广告的时间长度似乎与所宣传的产品或服务的感知成本
有关。
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地图题：
No. 1：The town of Garlsdon
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon and shows two possible sites for a new supermarket.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon. Overall, neither site is
appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1)
would probably offer more advantages.
The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of
Hindon, lying 12 kilometres to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to
accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon
who could travel by car. Since it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to
the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents.
Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but
as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
(194 words)
中文翻译：
地图上显示了Garlsdon镇新超市的两个拟议地点。总的来说，这两个地点都不适合所有的城镇，但对于
Cransdon、Hindon和Garlsdon的客户来说，外城地点(S1)可能会提供更多的优势。
第一个可能的地点(S1)在镇外，就在通往Hindon镇的主要道路旁，位于西北12公里处。这个地点在乡
下，因此可以容纳很多停车场。这将Hindon和Garlsdon 的购物者都能开车前往。由于它也靠近连接两
个城镇和Cransdon的铁路线(东南25公里)，大量潜在的购物者也可以乘火车出行。
相比之下，建议的位置 S2 正好在市中心，这对当地居民来说是好事。从理论上讲，商店可以通过公路
或铁路从周围的城镇进入，包括Bransdon，但由于中心地区是一个禁行区，汽车将无法停车，进入将是
困难的。
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No. 2：Island
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The maps illustrate how an island has changed following the development of various facilities for visitors.
Overall, there have been significant constructions in the island in terms of accommodation and facilities for
tourists. It is noteworthy that these developments have occurred without any noticeable damage to the trees.
The length of the island is over 1200 metres while its width varies from about 200 to 500 metres in different
places. Originally, there was a beach to the left of the island, and the eastern and western parts were covered
with woodland, apart from which the island was completely bare.
In comparison, swimming facilities have now been built in the beach. Furthermore, the western woodland is
surrounded by a series of huts which are connected to each other and to the beach via footpaths. There is also a
restaurant in northern part which is connected to a reception building in the middle of the island as well as a
new pier to the south by means of a vehicle track. Finally, a larger set of huts have been constructed between
the reception and the eastern woodland.
(185 words)
中文翻译：
这些地图展示了岛屿随着各种设施的发展而发生的变化。
总的来说，岛上有很多为游客提供住宿和设施的重要建筑。值得注意的是，这些发展并未对树木造成任
何明显的损害。
该岛的长度超过 1200 米，而宽度在不同地方约 200 至 500 米不等。原来，岛的左边有一片海滩，东西
两侧都是森林，除了森林之外，岛上一片荒芜。
相比之下，现在海滩上都建了游泳设施。此外，西部林地被一系列小屋包围，这些小屋相互连接，并通
过人行道与海滩相连。北部还有一个餐厅，它与岛中央的接待大楼相连，而南边则是一个新的码头，通
过车辆轨道相连。最后，在接待处和东部林地之间建造了一套更大的小屋。
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流程图：
No. 1：Bricks Manufactured
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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Example answer：
The picture illustrates how bricks are produced.
The process begins when clay is dug out through the use of a digger, which is followed by clay passing through
a metal grid. Fine clay is then carried by a roller after which sand and water are added to it. In the next stage,
either this mixture is pressed through a frame and cut into bricks using a wire cutter, or it is put into moulds and
formed into bricks. Following that, the bricks are dried in a drying oven for one to two days. The next three
stages involve two kilns connected to a cooling chamber. The dried bricks are first heated from 200 to 980
degrees centigrade, before being exposed to high temperature (870 to 1300 degrees). They are then cooled
within 48 to 72 hours. Eventually, they are packed and delivered to customers by trucks.
Overall, the procedure of producing bricks is comprised of ten stages which are rather simple.
(161 words)
中文翻译：
这幅图说明了砖是如何生产的。
这一过程始于用挖掘机挖出黏土，黏土穿过金属网格。细碎的粘土通过滚筒运输，然后加入沙子和水。
在接下来的阶段中，要么将混合物压过框架，用线切割器切割成砖，要么将其放入模具，制成砖。之后，
在烘箱中烘干一到两天。接下来的三个阶段包括两个与冷却室相连的窑炉。干燥的砖块首先在 200 到
980摄氏度加热，然后暴露在高温(870到1300度)下。然后在48到72小时内冷却。最后，它们被包装
好，用卡车送到客户手中。
总的来说，制砖的过程由十个相当简单的步骤组成。
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No. 2：Life of bee
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows the life cycle of the honey bee.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Example answer：
The chart illustrates the stages in the life of honey bees. It takes approximately five weeks (34 to 36 days to be
exact) to complete. All in all, this life cycle is comprised of six stages from eggs to fully mature bees.
The first stage is when the female bee lays up to a couple of oval eggs once every 72 hours. These eggs hatch
between nine and ten days later, and immature bees, called nymphs, emerge which lack the typical bee stripes.
Over the next 3 weeks nymphs experience three moulting stages, that is, they shed their skins to allow further
growth to occur: The first moulting happening 5 days after the eggs hatch, a week after which the second one
takes place. Nine days later nymphs moult for a third time and young adult honey bees emerge, identified by
their horizontally striped backs. These take four more days to mature into larger adult bees whose backs are
marked with bolder and darker stripes, and the cycle starts over again.
(171 words)
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中文翻译：
这张图表说明了蜜蜂生命的各个阶段。它大约需要 5 周(确切地说是 34 到 36 天)来完成。总而言之，蜜
蜂的生命周期包括从产卵到完全成熟的六个阶段。
第一阶段是雌性蜜蜂每隔 72小时产几个卵。这些卵在9到10天后孵化，被称为若虫的未成熟蜜蜂出现
时，缺少典型的蜜蜂条纹。
在接下来的 3 周内，若虫会经历 3 个蜕皮阶段，也就是说，它们蜕皮是为了进一步的生长：第一次蜕皮
发生在卵孵化后的 5 天，第二次蜕皮发生在一周后。9 天后，若虫第三次换毛，年轻的成年蜜蜂出现，
通过它们水平条纹的背部来识别。这些蜜蜂需要 4 天以上的时间长成更大的成年蜜蜂，它们的背上有更
粗更黑的条纹，这样的循环又开始了。
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No. 3：Produce electricity
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows how geothermal energy is used to produce electricity.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
The diagram shows that there are five main stages in the production of electricity through the use of geothermal
energy.
The process begins with cold water being pumped from the surface of the earth down into a 4.5 kilometer-deep
injection well. From there, it is transferred to the geothermal zone, a subterranean region composed of hot
rocks, before reaching the production well, which is a vertical pipe similar to the injection well but a bit wider.
In the stage that follows, the hot water is pumped up through the production well into a condenser on the
surface where it is converted into steam, following which it is used to power a turbine and rotate it. This turbine
is connected to an electricity generator which, when rotated by the turbine, produces electricity. The process
ends when the electricity generated by the generator is transferred to the power grid for consumption by end
users.
(152 words)
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中文翻译：
该图显示，利用地热能发电有五个主要阶段。
这一过程首先从地表将冷水抽到一个4.5公里深的注入井中。从那里，它被转移到地热带，一个由热岩
石组成的地下区域，在到达生产井之前，生产井是一个垂直管道，类似于注入井，但稍微宽一些。
在接下来的阶段中，热水通过生产井泵入表面的冷凝器，在那里它被转化为蒸汽，然后它被用来驱动涡
轮机并使其旋转。这台涡轮机与一台发电机相连，当涡轮机旋转时，发电机就会发电。当发电机产生的
电能被输送到电网供最终用户使用时，这个过程就结束了。
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