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绝密★启用前
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
☆考生注意事项☆
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指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
markA, B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
In Cambodia, thechoiceof a spouse isa complex onefor theyoung male.It may
involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman,
but also a matchmaker.Ayoung man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and
then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s
parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the
selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a
spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is
marrying 6 agoodfamily.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three
days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist
priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony
involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around
the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily
married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move
in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they
canbuildanewhousenearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are
15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she
G 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally.
Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced
male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman
mustwaittenmonths.
英语（一）试题 .1. （共14页）1.[A]aswellas [B]bywayof [C]onbehalfof [D]withregardto
2.[A]adaptto [B]providefor [C]competewith [D]decideon
3.[A]renew [B]close [C]arrange [D]postpone
4.[A]In theory [B]In time [C]Aboveall [D]Forexample
5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless
6.[A]within [B]into [C]from [D]through
7.[A]since [B]or [C]so [D]but
8.[A]test [B]recite [C]copy [D]create
9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying
10.[A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving
11.[A]association [B]meeting [C]collection [D]union
12.[A]grow [B]part [C]live [D]deal
13.[A]whereas [B]until [C]for [D]if
14.[A]follow [B]obtain [C]challenge [D]avoid
15.[A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed
16.[A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever
17.[A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed
18.[A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided
19.[A]clears [B]shows [C]warms [D]breaks
20.[A]while [B]once [C]sothat [D]inthat
Section II Reading Comprehension
PartA
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
英语（一）试题 .2. （共14页）Text1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its
fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its
lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a
crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban
websitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty
should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start.
And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from
starving themselves to death – as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that
it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls,
aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that
they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they
hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect
rather thandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to
change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep – and bone-showing. Under
the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of
bodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on
material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and
a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion
imagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month
on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of
models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are
aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body
ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to
deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week
(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a
name-and-shamemethodofcompliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body
ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty
beyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.
英语（一）试题 .3. （共14页）21. Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?
[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.
[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.
[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.
[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.
22. Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]indicatingthestateof.
[B]heighteningthevalueof.
[C]losingfaithin.
[D]doingharmto.
23. Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?
[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.
[B]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.
[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.
[D]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.
24. AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor
[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.
[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character.
[C]showinglittleconcernfor healthfactors.
[D]settingahighagethresholdfor models.
25. Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?
[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry
[B]JustAnotherRoundofStrugglefor Beauty
[C]ADilemmafor theStarvingModelsinFrance
[D]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals
英语（一）试题 .4. （共14页）Text2
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In
Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”
alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as
whatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish
houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was
specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could
experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national
parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year
concreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this
sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development
priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local
people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as
profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils
oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its
chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using
green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local
Conservativeparties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people
are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents
Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the
London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is
even trueroftheprovinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk.
The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under
lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation
and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is
not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will
always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects
their character.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is
Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has
enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density
urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative – the corrupted landscapes of
southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should
unitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.
英语（一）试题 .5. （共14页）26. Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside
[A]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.
[B]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.
[C]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.
[D]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.
27. AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing
[A]largelyovershadowed.
[B]properlyprotected.
[C]effectivelyreinforced.
[D]graduallydestroyed.
28. WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?
[A]Labourisunderattackfor opposingdevelopment.
[B]TheConservativesmayabandon“off-plan”building.
[C]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportfor ruralconservation.
[D]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.
29. TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreference
[A]showshisdisregardfor thecharacterofruralareas.
[B]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.
[C]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.
[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.
30. Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof
[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.
[B]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.
[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.
[D]thepoliticallifeintoday’sBritain.
英语（一）试题 .6. （共14页）Text3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton
Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and
engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept
Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a
waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New
research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies – at least
when theyareprosecutedforcorruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion
a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could
add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR
spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second,
customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to
donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”
wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects
because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to
separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign
Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a
company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only
by thehaloeffect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most
comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their
analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than
their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more
to politicalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a
case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in
CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,
such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines
that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign
officials,”saysoneresearcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much
businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are
banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they
decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when
companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them
a lesscostlypunishment.
英语（一）试题 .7. （共14页）31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith
[A]tolerance.
[B]skepticism.
[C]approval.
[D]uncertainty.
32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby
[A]guardingitagainstmalpractices.
[B]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.
[C]winningtrustfrom consumers.
[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.
33.Theexpression“morelenient”(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]lesscontroversial.
[B]moreeffective.
[C]morelasting.
[D]lesssevere.
34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany’sCSRrecord
[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision.
[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence.
[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.
[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation.
35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?
[A]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.
[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown.
[C]Companies’financialcapacityfor ithasbeenoverestimated.
[D]It hasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.
英语（一）试题 .8. （共14页）Text4
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish
stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime
inthefuture,”thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of
incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper
– printing presses, delivery trucks – isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time
when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.
Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still
dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print
editionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,
but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate
that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it,
you’re goingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example
of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was
seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti
were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I
would raisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes,
and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they
believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were
helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially
try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print
product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be
what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs
nearly$500ayear – morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed
doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have
questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when
the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be
more aggressive thanlessaggressive.”
英语（一）试题 .9. （共14页）36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto
[A]thehigh costofoperation.
[B]theincreasingonlineadsales.
[C]thepressurefrom itsinvestors.
[D]thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.
37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould
[A]endtheprinteditionforgood.
[B]makestrategicadjustments.
[C]seeknewsourcesofreadership.
[D]aimforefficientmanagement.
38.It canbeinferredfrom Paragraphs5and6 thata“legacyproduct”
[A]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.
[B]ismeantfor themostloyalcustomers.
[C]willhavethecostofprintingreduced.
[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper.
39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,
[A]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.
[B]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.
[C]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.
[D]legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated.
40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Shift toOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce
[B]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood
[C]KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion
[D]CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand
英语（一）试题 .10. （共14页）PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There
are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
[A]Createanewimageofyourself
[B]Haveconfidenceinyourself
[C]Decideifthetimeisright
[D]Understandthecontext
[E]Workwithprofessionals
[F] Knowyourgoals
[G]Makeitefficient
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present
yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to
research from Princeton University, people assess your competence,
trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way
youlook.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is
that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented.
In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so
much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like
Linkedln. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a
decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least
formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be
confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?
Andwhat’sthebestwaytopulloffonethatenhancesourgoals?Herearesometips:
41.
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful
during transitions – when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more
public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just
feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for
honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues
英语（一）试题 .11. （共14页）about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s
OK.
42.
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh
your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more
seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be
perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone
moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s
OK tousecharacterizationslikethat.)
43.
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of
your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences?
How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you
understandtheculturalcontext,themorecontrolyou canhaveover yourimpact.
44.
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and
context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like
J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional
photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might
think.
45.
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time
fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision
fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes
at oncewithastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,onearticleofclothingatatime.
英语（一）试题 .12. （共14页）PartC
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be
mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to
heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only
reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or
through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.
When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to
gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health
doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily
hidden fromview,butitisfullycapableofbeingrestoredinaninstant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem – confidence in ourselves
and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on
our lives – the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to
see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or
unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if
they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional
love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving
problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing
our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our
lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as
patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It
allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in
the flowofourdailylives.
(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly
ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your
difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life
situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental
health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or
the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent
thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always
available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live
life happily.
英语（一）试题 .13. （共14页）Section III Writing
PartA
51.Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100
words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant
information aboutthelibrary.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotsign your ownnameattheendofthenotice.Use “LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your
essay, youshould
l)describethepicturesbriefly,
2)interpretthemeaning,and
3)giveyourcomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
英语（一）试题 .14. （共14页）
