文档内容
2019年 12月四级真题（第 2套）
im�•a ( ffl 2
2019 � 12 � ft)
Writing
Part I
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minates to write a letter to a foreign friend who
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign frl,end who
wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least
wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least
120 words but mno more than 180 words.
120 words but no more th.an 180 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Part Il Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear three mews reports.At the end of each newus
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news
report, you will hear two or three questons. Both the news report and the
report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
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Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
the centre.
the centre.
Questions 1 and2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A)The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.
1. A) The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.
B)There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.
B) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.
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DD) )TThhe en numumbebre ro fo fm malaele nnuursrseess hhaass ggoonnee ddoownwn..
2. A)Cultural bias. C)Educational system.
2. A) Cultural bias. C) Educational system.
B B )I ) n I a n d a e d q e u qu at a e te p p a a y y . . D D )W ) o W rk o i r n kin g c g o c n o d n i di ti ti o o n n s s . .
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
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4. A)The beach is a popular tourist resort. C)The beach is a.good place.to watch the tide.
4. A) The beach is a popular tourist resort. C) The beach is a:gooc! place.to watch the tide.
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Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. ·
5.5 .AA)I)t Itb ebceacmame aen an on olnliinen es tstarar.. CC)I)t Ite secsacpaepde df rfroomm a al oloccaall zz0o0o..
B)It broke into an office room. D)It climbed 25 storeys at one go.
B) It broke into an office room. D) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.
6 6 . . A A )S ) e S nd e n i d t it b a b c ac k k t o to t th he e z z o o o o . . C C ) ) Re R t e u turn mn i t i t t t o o i its ts o o wn wne e r r . .
B)Release it into the wild. D) Give it a physical checkaup.
B) Release it into the wild. D) Give it a physical checkup.
7.A)A raccoon can perform acts no human can.
7. A) A raccoon can perform acts no human can.
BB)A) rAa craccocoon ocna cn ancl cilmimb bm umchu chhi ghihghere rt hthanan a a ccaatt..
C)The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.
C) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.
D)The raccoon did something no politician could.
D) The raccoon did something no politician could.
E)If breakfast alone isn't a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast-
E) If breakfast alone isn't a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast
skipping? Alexandra Johnstone,professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen,argues
skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues
that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about
that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about
nutrition and health."There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and
nutrition and health. "There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and
possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually
possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually
have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,"she says.
have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she says.
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concluded there is"limited evidence"supporting or refjuting（反驳）the argument that breakfast
concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting ( J.j_ �) the argument that breakfast
influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations
influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations
can be used to help prevent obesity.
can be used to help prevent obesity.
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lookding into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings
looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings
suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect
suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect
more than just weight. Slipping brealkfast has been associated with a 27increased risk of heart
more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart
disease,a 21higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men,and a 20higher risk of type 2 diabetes in
disease, a 21 % higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in
wwomoemn.e nO.n eOn reea sreonas moany mbea yb breea kbfraesatkf'sas nt'ust nriuttriiotinoanl alv avlalueu—e-paprtartlly yb ebceacuasues ec ecreeraelal i sis
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researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast
researchers found that the fibre and rnicronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast
regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.
regularly. There have been similar findings -in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.
HH)B)reBarkefakfastas its isa laslso oa asssosocicaiatetedd w witithh iimmpprorovevde db rbariainn f fununccttiioonn,, i inncclluuddiinngg ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn anandd llanangguuaaggee ususee..
A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory,though the effects on other
A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other
brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review's researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel,
brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review's researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel,
says there is"reasonable"evidence breakfast does improve concentration—there just needs to be
says there is "reasonable" evidence breakfast does improve concentration-there just needs to be
more research."Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a
more research. " Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a
benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,"she says."And no studies found
benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she says. "And no studies found
that eating breakdast was bad for concentration."
that eating breakfast was bad for concentration. "
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found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day,
found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day,
according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a
Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfas�. consumers in the UK and US, a
recent investigation into the sugar content of'adult'breakfast cereals found that some cereals
recent investigation into the sugar content of 'adult' breakfast , c:=ereals found that some cereals
contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion,
contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of _free sugaIS in each portion,
and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.
and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.
J) But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it early. One study
J) But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it early. One study
recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their
recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their
breakfast, and half didn't. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more—however,
breakfast, and half didn't. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more-however,
the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no
the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies fonnd that there is no
ccoonnsseennssuuss yyeett oonn whwahta tt ytyppe eo fo fb rberaelakfkfaasstt iiss hheealalththieire,r, anandd ccoonncclluuddeedd tthhaatt tthhee ttyyppee ooff bbrreeaakfkfaasstt
doesn't matter as much as simply eating something.
doesn't matter as much as simply eating something.
KK)W)hiWlhe ilteh ethree'res' sn no oc conocnlculussiivvee eevviiddeennccee oonn eexxaaccttllyy wwhhaatt wwee sshhoouulldd bbee eeaatitinngg an andd w whheenn,, ththee ccoonsnseennssusus
is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we're hungry."Breakfast is most important
is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we're hnngry. "Breakfast is most important
for people who are hungry when they wake up,"Johnstone says."Each body starts the day
for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone says. " Each body starts the day
differently—and those individual differences need to be researched more closely,"Spitznagel says.
differently-and those individual differences need to be researched more closely, " Spitznagel says.
2019.12L5（第2套）
201s. 12 I s Cffi 2 lU"A balanced breakdfast is really helpful,but getting regular meals throughout the day is more
"A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting �egular meals throughout the day is more
important to leave blood sugar. stable through the day,which helps control weight and hunger
important to leave blood sugar. stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger
levels,"says Elder."Breakfast isn't the only meal we should be getting right."
levels," says Elder. "Breakfast isn't the only meal we should be getting right."
36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.
36.According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.
37.Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.
37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at breakfast.
38. Opinions differ as to whether breakdfast is the most important meal of the day.
38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some
39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some
countries.
countries.
40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakdast itself that induced weight
40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits ratti.er than breakfast itself that induced weight
lo5s.
loss.
41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.
41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to eat.
42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakdfast.
42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.
43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.
43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intake.
44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.
44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional intake.
45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate.
45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people i;nemorise and concentrate.
Section C
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
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Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.:
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage�
Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher
Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry,· up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher
Pearson is the largest publisher—of any kind—in the world.
Pearson is the largest publisher-of any kind-in the world.
It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of
It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. · A freshman textbook will have dozens of
contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and
contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and
classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that
classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that
alteratives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection
alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection
happens not only by means of collaborative development,review and testing, but also at conferences
happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences
where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.
where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.
It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses,largely due to students renting or
It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or
buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books—
buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books
which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be
which has increased over 1, 000 percent since 1977. A re�cturing of the textbook industry may well be
in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.
in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.
While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example,
While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example,
over the centuries，they have simulated（模拟）dialogues in a number of ways.From 1800 to the
over the centuries, they have simulated ( ffl ffi ) dialogue$ in a number of ways. From 1800 to the
ppreresseennt t ddaayy，, tteextxtbbooookkss hhaavvee ddoonnee t thihiss bbyy ppoossiinngg qquueessttiioonnss ffoorr sstutuddeenntsts ttoo anansswweerr iinndduuccttiivveellya y(（ Ja归�纳 tt性
地�）) .. ThThaatt mmeeaannss ssttuuddeennttss aarree aasskkeedd ttoo uussee tthheeiirr iinndidviivdi�dua le xpexepriereinecnec eto t oc ocmomee uupp wiwithth ansanswweerrss toto
general questions. Today's psychology texts, for example, ask:"How much of your personality do you
general questions. Today's psychology texts, for example, ask:"H ow much of your personality do you
think you inherited?"while ones in physics say:"How can you predict where the ball you tossed will
lathinndk? y"ou inherited?" while ones in physics say: "How
�
you predict where the ball you tossed will
land?"
Experts observe that"textbooks come in layers, something like an onion."For an active learner,
Experts obseive that "textbooks come in layers, something like an onion. " For an active learner,
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套 iU）engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They
engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They
"customize" their books by engaging with diferent layers and linkages. Highlighting,Post-It notes,
"customize" their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting, Post-It notes,
dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over
dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization· that students value in print books over
digital forms of books.
digital forms of books.
46. What does the passage say about open educational resources?
46. What does the passage say about open educational resources?
A)They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.
A) They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.
BB)T)heTyh edyo nd'otn p'tr opfriotfi ta sas m mucuhc ha sas t rtradadititiioonnaall tteextxtbbooookkss ddoo..
CC))ThTeyh ecya nc'ant 'tc ocnonnencetc pt rporfoefsessosrosrs a anndd s sttuuddeennttss aass tteextxtbbooookkss ddoo..
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47. What is the main cause of the publishers' losses?
47. What is the main cause of the publishers' losses?
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BB))IndInudstusrytry r ersetsrtruuccttuurinringg.. DD)F)alFlalliingn gs saalleess..
48. What does the textbook industry need to do?
48. What does the textbook industry need to do?
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49. What are students expected to do in the learning process?
49. What are students expected to do in the learning process?
AA) )ThTihnikn kc acrarefeufullllyy bbeeffoorree aannsswweeririnngg eeaacchh qquueessttiioonn..
BB)A)skA sqku eqsuteisotinosn sb absasede do no nt htheierir oowwnn u unndderesrstantanddiinngg..
C) Answer questions using their personal experience.
C) Answer questions using their personal experience.
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50. What do experts say about students using textbooks?
50. What do experts say about students using textbooks?
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Pasage Tw0
Passage Two
Que8tions 51 to 55 are based on the following pa8age.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct
When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinct
groups:one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy.
groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy.
Well， those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug（海恬蟾）that's
Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sea slug ( rli �ilru) that's
truly half animal and half plant. It's pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae
truly half animal and half plant. It's pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the aJ,gae
（藻类）on which it feeds.
( -�) on which it feeds.
TThhe es slluuggss ccaann mmananufuafcatcuturer ec hclholororophpyhlyll，l, tthhee ggrreeeenn ppiigmengmentt（ (色 {g素 �） ) inin p plalannttss tthhaatt ccaappttuurreess eenneerrgygy
from sunlight,and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the
from sunlight, and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is used to describe the
practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the
practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the
only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some
only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some
plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually
plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually
able to create energy from sunlight.
able to create energy from sunlight.
In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations.
In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations.
Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can't generate energy from
Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can't generate energy from
sunlight until they've eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can't yet produce on
sunlight until they've eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can't yet produce on
their own.
their own.
"There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,"says Sidney
"There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney
Pierce from the University of South Florida."And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely on
Pierce from the University of South Florida. "And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely on
sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving
sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving
2019.12L7（第2套）.
2019. 12 / 7 (ffi 2 4i:)to death until they find more algae to eat."
to death until they find more algae to eat. "
The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months
11\e sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months
without having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they've
without having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they've
hhijijaacckkeedd ffrroomm tthhee aallggaaee..
51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?
51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?
AA)I)t Ilt olookosks l ilikkee bbootthh aa ppllaanntt anandd aann animalanimal..
BB)I)t Ict ocnovnervtesrts s osmoem see as eaan ianimalsrnals i ninttoo ppllaannttss..
CC) )ItI t lliivveess hhalalff oonn anianimmaallss aanndd hhaallff oonn ppllaannttss..
DD)I)t Igt egtests e neenregrygy f frroomm b obtohth f ofoood da nand ds usnunlliigghhtt..
52. What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?
52. What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?
A)The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.
A) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.
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CC) )ThThe enu nturitrienetnsts i tit hhiijjaaccksks frfroomm ootthheerr ssppeecciieess..
DD)T)heTh ger egreen epni gpmiegmnt eintt iitn hinehrietrists f frroomm i titss aanncceessttoorrss..
53. What does the author say about baby sea slugs?
53. What does the author say about baby sea slugs?
AA)T)heThy ecya nc anli vleiv ewi wthiothuot ust usnunlilighght tf oforr aa lloonngg ttiimmee..
BB)T)heThy ceayn caanbs oarbbs osrubn lsiunghlti ghritg rihtg hatf taefter rt htheierir b birirtthh..
C)They can survive without algae for quite some time.
C) They can survive without algae for quite some time.
DD) )ThTehye yc acnan p rpordoudcuec ec hclholroorophpyhlyll l oonn tthheeiirr oownwn..
54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes from an alga?
54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes from an alga?
A)They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.
A) They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.
BB)T)heThy ecya nc'ant 'ftu funcntcitiono nu nulnelsess se xepxposoesde dt oto s usnulniligghhtt..
CC)T)heThy edyo nd'ot nu'ts uusalulaly lyfu funnctciotino ni nisnisdide ea animalnimal c eclelllss..
DD)T)hTeyh ecya nc anre ardeialdiy lyb eb ec ocnovnevretrteed dt ot os seeaa s slluugg ggeenneess..
55. What do we learm about sea slugs from the passage?
55. What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?
AA)T)heThy ebye hbaevhea vteh eth ew awy amyo msto sptl panlant ts pspeceiceiess ddoo..
BB)T)heTyh ecya nc ansu rsvurviivev ef ofor rm monotnhths sw iwtihthouotu te eaattiinngg..
C)They will tumn into plants when they mature.
C) They will tum into plants when they mature.
D)They will starve to death without sunlight.
D) They will starve to death without sunlight.
Part IV Translation
Part IV Translation ( ( 3 3 0 0 m min inu u t t e e s s ) )
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a pa.ssage from Chinese into
English. You should write your amswer on Answer Sheet 2.
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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2019.12L8（第2套）
2019. 12 / 8 (ffi 2 lf)
